'I,
Scirnfifit amtriCtlu.,
New Theory of Earthquake ..
upon it flom an easterly direction, and ean barrel. The auger being now in motIon ad­ farm, by the. artesian process of bormg j .
blow from no other. Consequently, at' the vances upward towards the top of the banel, at the depth of 27 feet a solid strat17m of,
elevation of near twelve feet the trunk begins packing the flour in its progress, the driver, limestone was reached, and perforated to the .
to curve to the westward. The westward X, being gradually forced upward at the same depth of 93 teet further, when tae auger sud­
growth projects from the tree about twenty­ time, on arriving at the collar, W, it comes in denly dropped about 9 feet, and an exhaustless
The general belief ot men respecting the lIve or thirty feet. Not a limb projects to the contact with the ribs on the inside of the supply
ot pure cold water rose to within a few
cause of earthquakes, is the igneous theory j
eastward. The same kind of tree left to grow same, and carries it up to the stops, n n. The feet of the surface of the rock_
in other words, they believe the centre of the
==
according to the usual laws, in protected pla­ driver, X, continues to advance until it leaves
Wonderful Phenomena_
earth is a molten mass, and that it is some­
ces, is quite comely and of good proportion in the ribi on the inside of the collar, W, when
.
times agitated, causing volcanoes and earth­
quakes.
Those who entertain this belief have
its growth.
ingeniously strung together a great number of
"--.·.-·--==:.-x= ,,"",__
Flour Packer.
the shaft, V, suddenly stops, at the same time
the collar drops down to iti place, as shown
in the engraving.
The annexed engraving represents a ma­
The operation of packing the barrel with
earthquakes, are in general simultaneous and chine for packing flour in barrels, the inven­ flour is now completed, and the catch, B, hav­
confined to the same localities. This, how­ tion of Samuel Taggart, who has taken mea­ ing taken effect when the driver, X, was with­
ever, is not so, f or many earthquakes take sures to secure a patent.
in about half an inch of iti required height
facts to prove that volcanic eruptions and
place when and where there are no v01canic
eruptions.
FI .. . 2.
FIG 1.
h
holds the auger up within the tube, b b, whic
prevents the flour falling from the chest on
A correspondent of the "London Mining
the mill floor uatil the barrel has been repla­
Comrie, in North Britain, presents a theory
pie, economical, and durable than any of the
Journal," named Drummond,
writing from
ced by another.
entirely Ilifferent trom that of igneous action j
kind n'ow in use, and is capable of packing
he attributes earthquakes to electrical influ­
eDCM,
This machine is more sim.
from :iO to 100 barrels per hour.
and we believe that Sir Charles Lyell
Applications for machines can be made and
ha;/expressed a belief in the same agency.­
further particulars may be known by address­
many shocks of earthquakes are felt every
ao===f=
Mr. Drummond resides in a· district where
ing the inv.tor, S. Taggart. Indianapolis, Ind.
year, and some of them have been so severe
as to overthrow hous�s.
Nlello.
This is a kind of enamelling, practised, ac­
T,he place is a high­
land village in the bOsom of. a mountainous
cording to some writers, as· early as the se­
many miles from it,
guerra, an eminent goldsmith ot Florence,
'
venth century, but afterwards lost until Fini.
�� never felt at
he�ce1;�u8t � the cen­
country,. and the shoch
tre of the earthquak
. ueuce.
U
that no shocks hay
rt
field, seeing'lI heavy cloud rising, which indio
cated a shower, unhitched his team, and in
company with his son, each of whom had a
span ot horses, set' out for his house.
been felt during
to have given the first idea of printmg from
engraved plates.
It consists in engraving a
subject on gold or silver, and filling the en­
graved lines with black or very dark-colored
have taken place oftenest in dull, thick, wet
enamel.
The shocks were not felt alike in
In the general effect of works in ni­
ello, there is considerable resemblance to da­
the same district j the houses which suffered
most were built on wet .places, no houses built
mascening, except that in the latter the en­
graved lines were filled up with the preciou.
on a depth of dry soil suffered. The earth­
quakes that have occurred when the weather
was dry, were more abrupt, and of greater ve­
metal, while, in the former, a paste or enamel
was made use of.
This enamel was a com­
pound of silver, copper, lead, sulphur and bo­
locity than those which took place in wet
weather. They have orten taken place when
They
had not proceeded far, when a tremendous ex­
plosion tell upon them, killing the father in­
stantly, and both spans of horses, together
with a loose one which was following the
others.
The son was stunned by the shock,
and lay senseless for some time, hut is now
nearly recovered.
The most singular circum­
stance in this casuality is, that the horse upon
which the son was riding was killed, while
the boy, though a higher object, survived this
terrible thunderbolt.
,
Human Bonea
fonnd In Guano.
From the ship Brandscompt, unloading Pe­
ruvian guano, at Leith, Scotland, there were
three persons, evi­
exhumed the
in the guano, and
been disturbed in
brought it into great repute in the 15th cen­
tury. The art is interesting, as it is supposed
He.states
easterly or westerly Winds . All earthquakes
that took place there '-Were preceeded within
24 hours by much wind and ..rain, but they
weather.
On the 31st ult., Mr. John Hepler, residing
near Monroe, Wisconsin, while plowing in his
ship.
a
The re-
property in the
guano in preserving bones; hair, and clothes!
while completely decomposing flesh. It is
not. known when the bodies were originally
interred, but the bones we re all found as if
they had been preserved in a museum j the
hair remained upon the skull, and the clothes
were but very little decayed.
Feeding Bee».
Put a pound of brown sugar in a low tin
dish, wet it with water, and lay a number of
rax, forming a dark-colored paste, which Wal small strips of wood across for the bees to
carefully worked into all the lines of the rest on while at work. One pound of six cent
there were two currents of wind in the at. mosphere, one moving contrary to the other.
Durmg all the great earthquakes, vast quanti­
engraving, .and f usell, by heating the plate. sugar produces two pounds of honey.
It contrasted favorably with the bright sur-
face of the silver chalice or other article so
ties of aqueous vl\pors were in the lower re­
decorat!\d, prod.ucing an effect not
gions of the air, which shows that vapor hal
urilike'that
of a copper· plate engraving, or of a daguerre-
much to do with the cause of earthquakes,
LITERARY NOTICES.
4GlI-No, 3 of thf new series
ef th.. above work hag a most singular and able ar­
ticle on Saul of TarBus j i t appear. to be from the
pen of Rogers, the able theological writer of the
Edil.burgh Review, There are ten other articles in
it of great excellence. Republished by Littell &
So n , Bo a ton.
LJTT:ILL'S LIVI�O
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the machine. otype. This kind of work, at one period,
and
fig. 2 shows the pulley, Z, drawn to a. constituted the favorite means of adorning,
through which electricity acts to produce the
not only all kinds ot vessels used for sacred
larger scale.
quaking phel:omenon.
BIBLIOTRBCA SAOllA-This able review is publish­
but a lso sword-hilts, knife-handles,
A is an iron box in whiCh revolves the up- purposes,
The earthquakes commenced in that place
by W. F Draper & Br oth e r ,
ed at Andover. M as s
and other articles in which the precious me­ and is conducted by Prof. E. A. Park and 8. H. Tay­
per
end
of
the
shaft,
V,
and
having
the
auger,
in 1788, when a magnetic rock was opened
The number for April contains many
lor, ,M. A
tals formed the basis to work upon. In the
fine articles, a.nd the conelusion of the interestiDg
up into a quarry for free stones. This has T, attached to the lower end. B is a catch to
Museum, at Florence is the most valuable Autobiography of Dr. Karl Gottlieb Bretchschnei­
when
height,
required
its
to
A,
box,
the
hold
been opened and worked two or three times
der, an able German pastor and editor.
s cimen of ancient niello now existing, be­
and it has been observed that according the machine is not at work, and is acted on pe
rl
a
plate
executed
Finigue
a
or
a
pix
by
ing
l
to its exposure by the quarrymen, so was the by the spring, C. D and G are pulleys on
himself in 1452. An interesting specimen is
frequency of earthquakes increased. 'When which run the chain, E, and rope, I, these are
to be seen in the British Museum, consisting
shut up they decreased, and ceased for a while connected by the bar, H. e is an adjustabl�
of a silver cup mounted in gold, the oma­
stop
tor
regulating
the
chain,
E,
which
is
altogether, from 1809 to 1817. The rock was
ments being in niello. This long-neglected
then worked again, and the earthquakes com­ slack when the machine is not in operation.
art has been revived and again brought into
menced their old tricks again. The quarry F is an iron strap, having a recess at one end
notice by a silversmith of Berlin, named
was again closed, and the earthquakes almost to receive the upper part of the catch, B, the
Wagner, who has now settled in Paris. A Manufacturers and Inventors.
ceased, until it was opened again in 1834, and other end is turned down at a right angle with
very successful work in nielJo· was sent by
A new Volume of the SCIENTIFIC AME R ICAN
wo ked to a far larger extent than ever, ex­ a hole for the square rod, H, to move through.
�
the Messrs. Gass, of Regent street, London, to commences about the middle of September In each
posmg a great amount of the magnetic rock q q is a flange.attached to the cast-iron tube,
Mechanical, and
the Great Exhibition. It was a silver gaunt - year. It is a journal of ScientifiC,
surface: The earthquakes, during this time, b b, and is so constructed as to regulate tLe reother Improvements j the advocate of industry In all
D.
desig
,
by
Maclise,
ned
niello
bracelet
let
became fearful and continued to do so, until quisite height for the barrel, S, to rise, and
its various branches. It Is published· weekly In a
. t"Ive 0f " The Promised
1846, when �t was shut up, and they have likewise to prevent the flour from being forced E sq., R A ., descrIp
form suitable for binding, and constitutes, at the end
ift."
of each year, a splendid volume of over 400 pages,
now assumed a milder form. Sounds are of­ out by the pressure of the atmosphere when G
Artiits in niello find it ne�elsary to take with a copious index, and from five to six hundred
ten heard in the mountains like central ex­ the auger is lowered into the barrel. R is an
of
proofs of their work as they proceed, and so original engravings, together with a great amount
iron plate for the barrel to stand on, and is atplosions of artillery.
n concerning the prog r ess of Inancient times it is stated that the work practical informatio
in
Recent accounts lrom India inform us that tached to the slide, P, which latter works in
vo ntlon and discovery throughout the world.
.
was examined by filling the Jines with a
some terrible earthquakes 'have taken place the gm. d e, Q . .0 IS a cam connected with the
The Scientific American Is the most widely cireulablack fatty material, and then pressing a mass ted and popular journal of the kind now published.
there j they continued for two weeks, the lever, M, for raising the barrel, the lever beof a pecul iar kind of clay upon the design so I ts Editors, Contributors, and Correspondents are
earth heaving like the billows of the ocean. ing held down, when this has been done by
practical scientific men In the
as to obtain an impression. This process so among the ablest
ft
fis
f
'
N.
sha
a
stop,
hollow
or
hand
the
Earthquakes frequently take place at a great
resembled printing, that it is only to world.
nearly
distance from volcanoes, at periods when no with vertical slots at opposite points and equal
e
d
The Patent Claims are published weekly an ar
X be Wondered at that the latter art was not Invaluable to Inventors and Patentees.
.
, lD Wh'ICh the cIutch drIver"
volcanic eruption precedes, corresponds with, d'IStances apart'
It is said that the imWe particularly warn the public against paying
or follows after. The igneous theory may be passes up and down. W is a· clutch collar earlier discovered.
was at last revealed by a fe- money to Travelling Agents, as we are not in the
true, but it certainly does not account for all made movable in the recess of the shalt, fj, portant secret
accidentally placing a bundle of damp habit of furnishing certifIcaoos of agency to any
earthquakes, and Mr. Drummond says, "I and having ribs on its periphery, which serve male
had been proved o n � r� sh
linen
on a niello plate which
might as well try to submerge th-e British both as guides and to keep it to its place. U
ould be directed ( po t-pald) to
tte
Finiguerra, and which
MUNN & co.,
Isles M to attempt the solution of the earth­ is a coupling to connect the packing shaft, VI in the workshop of
with some of the black
128 Fulton otreet, New Yol'�
quake problem upon the hypothesis of its being and Z, is a pulley over which can be passed � happened to be lying
material still remaining in the lines. The
the effects of molten matter in the interior of rope to regulate the action of the auger.
Terms I Terms I Terms I
damp linen absorbed the black, and gave a
g
the earth."
The wachine is worked in the followin
$2
One copy, for One Ye ar
o!l of the plate to the aston­
impressi
perfect
$1
Six Month.
manner: the barrel, S, being placed on the
im­
who
a,
of
Finiguerr
ishment and delight
$4
Force of \Vlnd B.
FlTe co ple., for 81x Mon th.
stand plate, R, is raised up to the flange, q q,
$8
instituted a series of experiments
Ten Oopi •• for 8ix Month. for
. On the �land of Martha's Vineyard, in by the lever, M, and the flour chest, d d, be- mediately
$16
in the discovery ot the ar�.
Ten Oopies for Twelve Months,
that part of It called Nashauquitsy, there is a ing filled, the operator places his foot on the which ended
and Mr. Drummond considers it the medium
.•
•
/
�
natural curiosity illustrative of the force of pad, K, and his hand upon the pin, m, and
winds. It is a tree of the Hornbeam kind. forcing down the rod, J, springs the catch, B,
Arte:-w.eu.
Ezra Cramer, living near Walkersville, Md.
a
'Ifteen Copies for Tweln Month.,
T,Wenty Copies for Twelve Month.,
$22
$28
Southern and Western Money taken at par fOr
which .tands in the centre of a small cove in throwing it out from the box, A,'when the has succeeded in obtaining a plentiful sup­ I11bllCriptiollll, or Po.t O_c. Stamp. tat.. at theIr
a. hill, in such a position that the wind blows auger, T, is carried down to the bottom of the ply of pure, soft water on his limestcme full .,.lu&
© 1853 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC