Slide 1
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The Morphology of Language
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Joanie Gerken
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Slide 2
Words of Anglo Saxon Origin
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Thirty
Sniff
She
Black
Goose
Chin
Wild
Running
Wrinkle
trudge
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Twilight
Knife
High
King
Could
Hatch
These
When
Walk
gift
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Slide 3
Characteristics of Anglo-Saxon
words
• Base words stand alone
• Common everyday words—thank, like,
sing,match
• Prefixes-in,for,be,un,over,under
• Suffixes—ing,ed,ful,ly,less,ness
• Compound words-- sunfish,campfire
• Sight words—were, said, come
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Slide 4
Build a word
• Introduce during phonemic part so don’t
get stuck in sound/symbol
Anglo-Saxon words
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Prefix + base word + suffix
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Slide 5
When Spelling
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Echo the dictated word
‘camping’
Orally isolate the base word
‘camp’
Spell the base word SOS
Then add the suffix
This gives a set strategy to use!
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Slide 6
Build on what they now know!
Anglo-Saxon prefix + base word + suffix
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•unplayful
•mistaken
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•unkindly
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•overwhelming
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•forgetful
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Slide 7
Common Anglo-Saxon Prefixes
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• in
for,fore
• be
un
• over
under
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Slide 8
Common Anglo-Saxon suffixes
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-ed
-ing
-er
-y
-est
-ly
-ful
-less
-ness
-s
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Slide 9
-et, -en
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Locket
Bucket
Pocket
Jacket
Picket
Ticket
hatchet
blacken
chicken
sunken
stricken
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Slide 10
Schwa
• A schwa is the sound of a vowel in an
unaccented syllable
• In Anglo-Saxon words, the base word is
stressed, the prefix a- is unaccented and has a
schwa sound
• alike, around, asleep, alone, away, aground
(most kids read it as long ‘a’ and spell with a ‘u’)
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Slide 11
Flash back
• Suffixes -et and -en
• Unaccented, muted or schwa sound
• Often mistakenly spelled with an ‘i’
• Jackit
blackin
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Slide 12
Words of Latin origin
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Comprehensive
Act
Doctor
Partial
Erosion
Passion
Collide
Attempt
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Rapture
Punctual
Educate
Hour/herb
Popular
Journal
Justice
Census
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Slide 13
Latin words
Prefix + root + connective + suffix
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Not a base word, cannot stand alone!
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Slide 14
Older students
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Need more sophisticated vocabulary
Don’t teach level I phonics
Start with latin b/c no diphthongs, no /k/, no VV
Prefixes:
closed syllables: un, in, dis, ex, sub
open syllables:
re, de, pre, pro
• Roots: pel, dict, struct, mis/mit
• *always teach meaning and spelling
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Slide 15
Latin morphology
• Prefix
pre-, de-, re-
• Root
tract, port, struc
• Suffix
-on, -an, -ous, -ure
• Connectives
I, u, ul, ol
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Slide 16
Latin prefixes
• Helpful to use a ‘clue word’ to help with
meaning
• Re-, return
• Ex-, exit
• Sub-, submarine
• De-, descend
• Pre-, prefix
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Slide 17
Chameleon prefixes
• Assimilated prefixes means the sound is
modified to match the adjacent sound of
the root
• Prefix ‘in’ meaning ‘not’
In legal = illegal in mortal = immortal
• Prefix ‘con’ meaning ‘with, together’
Con lect = collect con mute = commute
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Slide 18
What are the chameleon prefixes?
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a,ac,ad,af,ag,al,an,ap,ar,as,at (to,towards)
co,col,com,con,cor (with,together)
di,dif,dis (down,away)
in,il,im,ir (not)
sub,suc,suf,sug,sum,sup,sus (from under)
syl, sym, syn (with, together)
ob,oc,op (against, away)
e,ex,ef (out of, from)
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Slide 19
Common Latin Roots
Unlocking Literacy by Marcia Henry
form
cred
rupt
flect/flex
pel/puls
vers/vert
port
tract
scrib/script
pend/pens
mit/mis
stru/struct
fer
fac/fact/fect/fic
ped
tens/tend/tent
cur/curs
fac/fact/fect/fic
spec/spect/spic
stru/struct
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Slide 20
Latin suffixes
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-ion(tion/sion)
-ous
-or
-ess
-ure/ture
-ent/ence
-ist
-ic
-ty
-ade
-ar
-ible/able
-ize
-ary
-ate
-age
-if/ity
-ee
-fy
-ation
-ism
-ious
-ory
-ial
-ian
-cious
-ial
-ile
-ium
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Slide 21
Connectives for suffixes
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• I, u, ul, ol
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Stren + u + ous
Act + u + al
Vi + ol + ent
Tuberc + ul + ar
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Slide 22
Ti,se,ci endings
• tion says /shun/
• So the ti in tion says /sh/
• What does tial say
/sh/ + /ul/(because it is unaccented and is a
schwa vowel)
• So what does tient say…
• tious….
• tia….
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Slide 23
Teach Latin ‘Endings’
• -tion/-sion ‘chunk’ or ending
• ‘t’ or ‘s’ from the root + connective ‘i’ +
suffix ‘on’
• Really –tion and –sion are not suffixes
• Station stat + i + on
Easier to teach as a
root connective
suffix
‘ chunk ‘ or ending
Sta [tion
Re vi [sion
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Slide 24
Activities for practice
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Find morphemes
Identify Latin roots
Match words and meanings
Define roots
Identify affixes within text
Work on accent
Use in sentences
Substitute Latin word for words in sentence
Identify language of origin
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Slide 25
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Grid Endings
schwa -a
vowel
’u’
-on
-an
-al
-ous -ent
-ence
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/i/
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/ti/shuh
/ci/shuh
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/si/shuh
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/gi/shuh
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Slide 26
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Slide 27
Greek combining forms
• Called combining forms because both
parts get equal stress on syllable
• Comparable to Anglo-Saxon compound
words
• Telegraph bibliography
• Phonograph microscope
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Slide 28
Greek combining forms
Marcia Henry
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Phon.phono=sound
Photo=light
gram,graph=written
Hydra,hydro=water
Metro=mother city
Pol,polis=city
Meter=measure
Micro=small
Biblio=book
therm=heat
scope=watch
auto=self
bio=life
cracy=rule
logy=study
tele=distant
geo=earth
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Slide 29
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