Cultural Tourism – Can it
contribute to economic
development?
Prof. dr. Annick Schramme
University of Antwerp/AMS
Director Competence Center Creative Industries
Competence Center Creative Industries
@ Antwerp Management School (°2010)/University of Antwerp
Focus:
Creativity /innovation inside organizations
Making the creative industries more entrepreneurial
Research collaborations:
Flanders District of Creativity (2010-2014)
Flemish Agency of Entrepreneurship (2010-2012)
Institute for Science and Technology (2012-2016)
Team
Content
•
Definition Creative industries
•
Economic impact of the Creative Industries in Flanders
•
Symbolic value
•
Value of heritage
•
Socio economic impact of the immovable heritage in Flanders
•
Impact of heritage on Tourism
•
conclusions
1. Definition Creative Industries
definition in Flanders
“Different sectors and activities that call on the input of creativity for the
creation of economic, symbolic and societal added value, according to the various
stages of the value chain (creation, production, distribution, and consumption),
and which contribute to the "creative advantage” of Flanders.”
Performing Arts
Advertising &
Communication
Fashion
Audiovisual sector
New media
Music
Visual Arts
Printed media
Design
Heritage & Patrimony
Gaming
Architecture
2. Economic impact of the Creative Industries
The Creative Industries account for 3% of the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) of Flanders
GDP Flanders
Creative Industries
2. Economic impact of the Creative Industries
Proportion of self-employed (main
occupation) in the Creative Industries
Flanders
CI
Proportion of employees in
the Creative Industries
Flanders
CI
3. Symbolic value of the creative industries
3. Symbolic value
Value that goes beyond the economic value
No consensus on the definition/concept of the symbolic value
“Someone who buys a chair of a designer, also buys
meaning: the chair says something about your taste
”
and personality
3. Symbolic value
4. The value of heritage
4. The value of heritage
•
Definition of immovable heritage in Flanders: includes architectural,
archeological, heraldic, landscape and maritime relicts
•
Overall impact is far-reaching and complex
•
The economic and culture value of heritage (D. Throsby, 2006)
•
Importance of heritage for the different stakeholders (X. Greffe, 2003)
•
Non-competitive and non-exclusive
•
Heritage as an ecosystem
4. The value of heritage
•
Difference between ‘use value’ an ‘non-use value’ (De la Torre, M. ed, 2002)
•
‘Non-use value’
– Existence value
– Altruistic value
– Option value
– Bequest value
5. Economic impact of the immovable heritage in
Flanders
•
•
•
•
•
No standard methodology
Quantitave and qualitative analysis
Satellite accounts and regression analysis
Set of indicators
Immovable heritage plays an important role in multiple domains
5. Economic impact of the immovable heritage in
Flanders
INPUT authorities Immovable heritage
INPUT authorities
Flanders
Operating funds
(mio euro)
33
Subsidies (mio euro) Employment (FTE)
125
502
OUTPUT executive industry Heritage
OUTPUT executive
industry
Construction
Architecture
Archeology
TOTAL
% GDP of the FR
Turnover (mio euro) Cumulated added
value (mio euro)
269
235
25
22
45
39
339
296
0,14%
Cumulated
employment (FTE)
3066
284
513
3 863
0,15%
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism in Flanders
•
•
•
•
•
3 touristic macro-products: arts cities, the coast and the green regions
5 Art cities: Antwerp, Gent, Bruges, Louvain and Mechelen
Focus on architectural heritage
Importance of horeca and hotel overnight stays
Heritage tourism = tourism whereby the presence of immovable heritage is a
necessary condition.
Art cities: city of Antwerp
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
•
Hotel overnight stays
Local Tourism
From abroad
Total
% Total
Regions (1993)
1.273.506
1.577.139
2.850.645
34%
Art cities (5)
785.668
2.824.198
3.609.866
43%
Coast (10)
1.342.126
550.163
1.892.289
23%
% Total
41%
59%
100%
Hotel overnight stays linked to heritage
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
•
Share of hotel overnight stays linked to heritage
Local tourists
From abroad
Regions (1993)
8%
5%
Art cities (5)
63%
100%
Coast (10)
82%
73%
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
Share of hotel overnight stays linked to heritage
•
Interesting findings:
– Green regions and coast: 10% of the overnight stays is related to heritage
– Art cities: 70%
– Total of 35% is related to heritage
Direct heritage visits
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
• Direct heritage visits
Sightseeing
Heritage museums
Non-museal heritage
attractions
Total
Number of visitors
(mio/Year)
3,8
1, 45
1,2
Number of attractions
6,45
153
11
112
30
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
• Comparison of residential tourism, day tourism and recreation
Residential
Tourism
(local)
Residential
Tourism
(from
abroad)
Day tourism
Recreation
Green
regions
127 351
157 714
1 425 233
1 425 323
Art Cities
549 968
1 976 939
12 634 531
12 634 531
Coast
134 213
55 016
946 145
946 145
811 531
2 189 669
15 005 998
15 005 998
TOTAL
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
Conclusions for Flanders:
–
–
–
–
Much more tourism for one day than residential tourism (factor 10)
Not much ‘direct heritage related’ expenses
More important is the heritage environment (decor)
6,5 mio visitors of heritage/ total of 33 mio tourists (30 mio day
tourism and recreation versus 3 mio residential tourism)
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
• Average expenses/tourist/macro product
Residential
Tourist
(local)
Residential
Tourist
(from
abroad)
Day tourist
Recreation
green
regions
66
66
12
4
Art Cities
130
130
27
10
Coast
80
120
35
10
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
Conclusion about the expenses:
The tourists from abroad who is staying in an art city is spending more money
(40%)
Expenses
(mio euro)
Residential
Tourist
(inland)
Residential
Tourist
(abroad)
Day tourist
Recreation
green
regions
8,4
10,4
17,1
5,7
Art Cities
71,5
257,0
342,2
126,3
Coast
10,7
6,6
33,1
9,5
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
•
Total impact of heritage on Tourism (horeca + others)
OUTPUT
tourism
Turnover (mio
euro)
Cumulated
added value
(mio euro)
Cumulated
employment
(FTE)
Horeca
503
351
7 912
Other
394
255
3 605
TOTAL
898
606
11 517
0,34%
0,45%
% of the GDP
of FR
6. Impact of heritage on Tourism
•
Total impact on Tourism
OUTPUT
tourism
Turnover
(mio euro)
Cumulated
added value
(mio euro)
Cumulated
employment
(FTE)
Direct
898
363
8063
243
3453
606
11 517
0,3%
0,5%
Indirect
cumulated
% of the
GDP of FR
898
6. Global impact of heritage on Tourism
Conclusions
• Cultural heritage sector represents a significant economic activity in
Flanders: the total added value is about 60% of the annuel added value
of the agriculture sector. Stable and non-allocating economic asset that
could become increasingly important.
•
Total impact of heritage on tourism = almost 1 bio Euro or 0,3% GDP
Total impact of tourism = 2,5 of the GDP
Share of heritage tourism = 12%
Cumulated Added Value of 606 mio Euro/year
Employment of 11 500 people
6. Global impact of heritage on Tourism
Conclusions
• Direct heritage expenses are relatively low.
Indirect heritage expenses are more important (food, drinks, shopping,
mobility)
• Importance of heritage as a background/decor for a city trip (40% >
residential tourism)
• The economic importance of tourists from abroad
• The combination of activities is important for the attractivity of a
region. Looking for innovative combinations, not only between Culture
and Tourism, but also between the public and private sector.
6. Global impact of heritage and culture on
Tourism
Conclusions
• Expected growth of cultural tourism by the increasing numbers of
active mediors/seniors, that are specifically interested in culture and
heritage
• need for more qualitative and quantitative research on a regular basis
about the impact of cultural heritage on tourism (not only of the
immovable heritage but also of the tangible and intangible heritage)
• More cooperation between economic researchers and creative/artistic
people.
Thank you for your attention!
More information:
www.flandersdc.be
http://www.antwerpmanagementschool.be/nl/facultyresearch/competence-centers/creative-economy/publicaties-creativeeconomy.aspx
www.ua.ac.be/cultuurmanagement
http://www.oecd.org/cfe/tourism/theimpactofcultureontourism.htm
OPENING MINDS
TO IMPACT
THE WORLD