Sample
5d 6M HCl
Filter
2d H2O2
Evaporate
6d 6M Aq.Ammonia (until just alkaline)
4d 6M HCl
5d Thioacetamide
Filter
AgCl
PbCl2
Hg2Cl2
Flame Tests
Group I
HgS
CuS
CdS
Yellow
Na
Lilac visible
thru blue glass
K
+
+
Evaporate
9d 5M NH4Cl
5d 6M Aq.Ammonia (until alkaline)
5d Thioacetamide
Filter
PbS
SnS2
Group II
Evaporate
6M Aq.Ammonia (if not alkaline)
3d (NH4)2CO3
Filter
FeS Al(OH)3
NiS Cr(OH)3
ZnS
Group III
2+
BaCO3
SrCO3
CaCO3
Mg
+
Na
+
K
5d 6M Aq.Ammonia
5d Na2HPO4
Filter & discard filtrate
Group V
MgNH4PO4
Group IV
Separation into Groups
Mg(OH)2
+ dye(blue)
3d 6M HCl
2d S & O Reagent
4d 6M NaOH
Group Group
I
I
AgCl, PbClAgCl,
Cl2
2, Hg2PbCl2
10d Water
Heat (in water)
Filter
Hg2Cl2
AgCl
Pb
2+
5d 6M Aq.Ammonia
Filter
1d 6M Acetic Acid
1d 1M K2CrO4
Filter & discard filtrate
PbCrO4
Black (Hg)
6d 6M NaOH
6d 6M AcOH
2d 0.1M KI
7d 6M HNO3
CrO4 (Yellow)
AgI_
(Yellow)
AgCl_
(White)
Group II
8d 0.5M KOH
Heat, Filter
HgS
CuS
PbS
CdS
2-
SnOS2
4d 6M AcOH
3d Thioacetamide
Filter & discard filtrate
9d 6M HNO3
Heat
Filter
SnS2
3d 18M H2SO4
Evaporate.
Filter
9d 12M HCl
HgS
6d Aqua Regia
Heat
2d 0.1M SnCl2
Hg (White going black
with excess SnCl2)
6d 15M Aq.Ammonia
(Until Basic)
PbSO4
Evaporate
solution.
(AsS3)
3d NH4OAc
2d K2CrO4
Fe
Heat
PbCrO4 (Yellow)
(Bi(OH)3)
3d Thioacetamide
Heat
Filter & discard filtrate
(Sb2OS2)
2d
0.1M HgCl2
CuS, CdS
SnCl2 (White ppt)
7d 2M H2SO4
Filter
3d 15M Aq.Ammonia
2d Thioacetamide
Heat
CuS (Black)
CdS (Yellow)
Group III
4d Conc. HNO3
3d KClO3
Evaporate
9d 6M NaOH
3d H2O2
Heat, Filter
(MnO2)
Fe(OH)3, Ni(OH)2
-
2-
2-
AlO2 , CrO4 , ZnO2
6d 6M HCl
7d 6M Aq.Ammonia
Filter
8d 5M NH4NO3
Filter
2d Dimethylglyoxime
Fe(OH)3
2-
2-
CrO4 , ZnO2
2+
5d 6M HCl
2d KSCN
3+
Fe(SCN)6
(Red)
Al(OH)3
(Co )
2+
Ni
3d 0.5M BaCl2
Filter
complex (Red)
4d 6M HCl
3d Aluminon
9+d NH4OAc
Al3+ lake
(Red)
3d Thioacetamide
Heat
BaCrO4 (Yellow)
ZnS (White)
Group IV
6d 6M Acetic Acid
6d 3M NH4OAc
2d 1M K2CrO4, Filter
2+
Sr , Ca
BaCrO4
15d Triethanolamine
8d (NH4)2SO4
Filter
6d 6M HCl
Flame
Test
2d 6M H2SO4
Ca
SrSO4
Green Flame
2+
BaSO4 (White)
5d (NH4)2CO3
Heat
Filter & discard filtrate
2+
3d (NH4)2C2O4
Filter & discard
filtrate
SrCO3
CaC2O4
3d 6M HCl
Flame Test
6d 6M HCl
Flame Test
Brick Red flame
Red flame