EFIGE IS A PROJECT DESIGNED TO HELP IDENTIFY THE INTERNAL POLICIES NEEDED TO IMPROVE EUROPE’S EXTERNAL COMPETITIVENESS
Italo Colantone and Rosario Crinò
New imported inputs,
new domestic products
EFIGE working paper 34
June 2011
Funded under the
Socio-economic
Sciences and
Humanities
Programme of the
Seventh
Framework
Programme of the
European Union.
LEGAL NOTICE: The
research leading to these
results has received
funding from the
European Community's
Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/20072013) under grant
agreement n° 225551.
The views expressed in
this publication are the
sole responsibility of the
authors and do not
necessarily reflect the
views of the European
Commission.
The EFIGE project is coordinated by Bruegel and involves the following partner organisations: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Centre for
Economic Policy Research (CEPR), Institute of Economics Hungarian Academy of Sciences (IEHAS), Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung (IAW), Centro Studi Luca D'Agliano (Ld’A), Unitcredit Group, Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (CEPII).
The EFIGE partners also work together with the following associate partners: Banque de France, Banco de España, Banca d’Italia, Deutsche
Bundesbank, National Bank of Belgium, OECD Economics Department.
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56 2?7D= (;M !EE:I 7D: J>; ,;B7J?L; ;C7D: <EH -A?BB;: &78EH !)8-)9 2* '2
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2/-6-'%/ '2120: FF Table 1 - Entry and Exit of Domestic Products, Imported Products and Imported Varieties
Entry
Exit
a) Domestic products
4.99
4.81
b) Imported products
1.18
0.76
c) Imported varieties: all
13.23
10.47
d) Imported varieties: intermediate inputs
13.09
10.58
Source: Prodcom and Comext. All figures are in percentage and are averaged across countries and years. Intermediate inputs
are identified by mapping the CN classification into the BEC classification; see footnote 12 for details.
Table 2 - Decomposing Growth in Production and Import Value
Total
New
Exiting
Continuing
a) Domestic production
9.43
100.00
2.34
24.79
-1.56
-16.51
8.65
91.72
-0.08
-0.69
11.64
99.37
b) Imports: products
11.72
100.00
0.15
1.32
c) Imports: varieties (all)
11.72
100.00
2.01
17.13
-1.25
-10.67
10.96
93.54
d) Imports: varieties (intermediate inputs)
11.59
2.31
-1.47
10.75
100.00
19.95
-12.69
92.74
Source: Prodcom and Comext. All figures are in percentage and are averaged across countries and years. The
decompositions are based on equation (1) in the text. See also the note to the previous table.
Table 3 - New Imported Inputs and Introduction of New Domestic Products
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
NII t-1
0.122***
[0.018]
0.245***
[0.028]
0.404***
[0.050]
NIIov t-1
0.574***
[0.065]
Obs.
R2
33586
0.07
18256
0.07
4475
0.11
4619
0.11
Industry aggregation
Nace 4
Nace 3
Nace 2
Nace 2
Estimation method
OLS
OLS
OLS
OLS
NII is the ratio of new over total imported varieties of intermediate inputs within each industry. NIIov is the
ratio of new over total imported varieties of intermediate inputs from all industries; it is constructed as the
weighted average of NII across all industries, using country-specific Import Matrix coefficients (see equation
(3) in the text for details). All specifications control for country-industry and time effects. Standard errors are
corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%,
respectively.
Table 4 - Accounting for Outliers
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
Trimming (1%)
Winsorizing (1%) Excluding industries
with extreme values
of NP or NIIov
(1)
(2)
(3)
NIIov t-1
0.623***
[0.080]
0.584***
[0.065]
0.659***
[0.075]
Excluding countries Outliers-robust
with extreme values estimation procedure
of NP or NIIov
(4)
(5)
0.553***
[0.075]
0.518***
[0.044]
Obs.
3079
4619
4156
3855
4619
R2
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.11
In all specifications, the level of industry aggregation is NACE 2. Column (1) excludes the observations at the bottom and
top 1% of the distribution of NP and NIIov . Column (2) replaces those observations with the value of the first and last
percentile. Columns (3) and (4) exclude, respectively, industries and countries with the highest and lowest average value of
NP and NIIov : NACE 16, 19 and 23 in column (3); Germany, UK, Latvia and Lithuania in column (4). The results in
column (5) are obtained using the rreg routine in Stata. All specifications control for country-industry and time effects. In
columns (1)-(4), standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at
1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 5 - Using Alternative Definitions of the Regressor
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
Coeff.
Std. Err.
Obs.
R2
a) Using average weights from Use matrices
NIIov t-1
0.578***
[0.067]
4682
0.11
0.586***
[0.066]
4043
0.12
0.541***
[0.063]
4619
0.11
b) Using yearly weights from Use matrices
NIIov t-1
c) Excluding capital goods
NIIov t-1
d) Excluding also fuel and lubrificants
0.513*** [0.063]
4619
0.11
NIIov t-1
Each panel corresponds to a separate regression and all specifications control for country-industry
and time effects. Standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **,
* = indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 6 - Addressing Concerns with the Dependent Variable
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
Coeff.
Std. Err.
Obs.
R2
a) Considering only product codes that are present in the PC classification for the whole sample period
NIIov t-1
0.510***
[0.065]
4576
0.15
0.657***
[0.081]
4236
0.10
[0.070]
3793
0.08
b) Excluding the first year of observations for each country
NIIov t-1
c) Excluding the first two years of observations for each country
NIIov t-1
0.337***
d) Excluding the first three years of observations for each country
0.307*** [0.072]
3311
0.09
NIIov t-1
Each panel corresponds to a separate regression and all specifications control for country-industry and time effects.
Standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5
and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 7 - Constructing Variables Using Values
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (column (1)) or production value (columns (2)-(3))
(1)
(2)
(3)
NIIov t-1
0.547***
[0.185]
0.773***
[0.132]
1.148***
[0.427]
Obs.
R2
4619
0.09
2683
0.11
2683
0.09
Dependent variable (NP ) in
Explanatory variable (NIIov ) in
Numbers
Values
Values
Numbers
Values
Values
The dependent variable (NP ) is constructed using the number of domestic products in column (1), and their value in columns (2)-(3). The explanatory
variable (NIIov ) is constructed using the value of imported inputs in column (1) and (3), and their number in column (2). All specifications control for
country-industry and time effects. Standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and
10%, respectively.
Table 8 - Adding Controls for Industry and Country Characteristics
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
Industry-level controls
(1)
(2)
(3)
Country-level controls
NIIov t-1
ln KINT t-1
ln MINT t-1
ln LPROD t-1
ln EMPL t-1
ln IMPINT t-1
TECH t-1
0.401***
[0.057]
0.009
[0.008]
-0.006
[0.019]
0.001
[0.021]
-0.013
[0.018]
0.391*** 0.622***
[0.069]
[0.071]
0.022*
[0.011]
0.029
[0.025]
-0.023
[0.030]
0.006
[0.021]
0.025*
[0.014]
0.05
[0.067]
NIIov t-1
ln GDP t-1
GDPGR t-1
ln POP t-1
ln EXCH t-1
TGDP t-1
KGDP t-1
(4)
(5)
0.411*** 0.174**
[0.068]
[0.087]
-0.281***
[0.052]
1.151***
[0.230]
2.016***
[0.275]
0.169***
[0.043]
0.075***
[0.027]
-0.668***
[0.172]
Obs.
4381
3266
4619
Obs.
4098
4619
R2
0.10
0.11
0.31
R2
0.15
0.53
KINT is capital intensity (capital expenditure per employee), MINT is material intensity (materials expenditure per employee),
LPROD is labor productivity (value added per worker), EMPL is employment (number of employees), IMPINT is import
penetration (imports over the sum of imports plus output), TECH is a proxy for technical change (high-tech share of capital
investment). GDP is per capita GDP, GDPGR is per capita GDP growth, POP is population, EXCH is the real exchange rate,
TGDP is the ratio of merchandise trade to GDP, and KGDP is the ratio of gross fixed capital formation to GDP. All
specifications control for country-industry and time effects (except columns (3) and (5), which replace the time effects with,
respectively, industry-time and country-time effects). Standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs.
***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 9 - Controlling for Entry and Exit of Inputs and Products
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
NIIov t-1
NDI t-1
IIV t-1
IIN t-1
EXDI t-1
EXII t-1
EXP t-1
NFG t-1
0.661***
[0.085]
0.076***
[0.020]
0.556***
[0.066]
0.574***
[0.068]
0.666***
[0.088]
0.570***
[0.064]
(6)
0.521***
[0.085]
-0.134*
[0.079]
0.009
[0.243]
-0.083
[0.070]
0.080
[0.094]
-0.036
[0.025]
0.067
[0.083]
Obs.
4148
4619
4619
4152
4584
4619
R2
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.12
0.11
NDI is the share of new over total domestic inputs, constructed using average weights from the
Use Matrices. IIV and IIN are the shares of imported inputs in, respectively, total import value
and total number of imported varieties, both weigthed by average Import Matrix coefficients.
EXDI and EXII are the shares of exiting inputs in the total number of domestic and imported
intermediates, respectively; they are constructed using average weights from the Use and Import
Matrices. EXP is the share of exiting products in the total number of products. NFG is the share
of new over total imported varieties of final goods, constructed using average weights from the
Import Matrices. All specifications control for country-industry and time effects. Standard errors
are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5
and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 10 - Using Alternative Lags
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
Coeff.
Std. Err.
Obs.
R2
a) Current period
NIIov t
0.507***
[0.070]
4661
0.10
0.574***
[0.065]
4619
0.11
0.697***
[0.069]
4490
0.14
0.400***
[0.071]
4274
0.11
0.047
[0.036]
4020
0.11
b) First lag
NIIov t-1
c) Second lag
NIIov t-2
d) Third lag
NIIov t-3
e) Fourth lag
NIIov t-4
f) Fifth lag
NIIov t-5
0.005
[0.049]
3767
0.11
Each panel corresponds to a separate regression and all specifications control for country-industry
and time effects. Standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **, *
= indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 11 - Exploring Heterogeneity
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
EU15 vs. New EU
Members
NIIov t-1
NIIov t-1 * Indic for New EU Members
NIIov t-1 * Indic for countries with weak PMR
NIIov t-1 (Imports from OECD countries)
NIIov t-1 (Imports from non-OECD countries)
Countries with weak vs.
strong product market
regulation (PMR)
Imports from OECD vs.
non-OECD countries
(1)
(2)
(3)
0.264***
[0.062]
0.488***
[0.109]
0.271***
[0.071]
0.084
[0.097]
0.636***
[0.115]
0.417**
[0.178]
Obs.
4619
4214
4619
R2
0.12
0.10
0.11
In column (1), NIIov is interacted with a dummy equal to 1 for the ten New EU Members. In column (2), it is interacted with a
dummy equal to 1 for countries with weak product market regulation (i.e., countries for which the corresponding OECD index,
averaged across all available years, is below the sample median). In column (3), NIIov is split up in two separate regressors,
corresponding to imports from OECD and non-OECD countries, respectively. All specifications control for country-industry and
time effects. Standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and
10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 12 - Identification: Instrumental Variables Regressions
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
NIIov t-1
0.973*** 1.067*** 0.835*** 0.726***
[0.099] [0.124] [0.133] [0.111]
(5)
(6)
1.163***
[0.120]
0.434***
[0.151]
NP t-1
0.033**
[0.014]
Cragg-Donald F -statistic
Hansen test (p -value)
Sargan test (p -value)
AR1 test (p -value)
AR2 test (p -value)
Number of instruments
326.7
0.15
908.9
Obs.
R2
Log-Pseudolikelihood
4613
0.10
4613
0.09
Estimation method
2SLS
653.5
762.3
0.34
0.85
0.00
0.94
24
4613
0.11
4613
0.11
4619
4140
9497.03
2SLS
2SLS
2SLS
IV Tobit
SYS-GMM
In columns (1), (5) and (6), the exogenous instruments are the sixth lags of US input tariffs and imported inputs, computed for all
trading partners in the world except the relevant EU country. In column (2), the only exogenous instrument is US input tariffs,
whereas in column (3) it is US imported inputs. In column (4), the exogenous instrument is a shift-share instrument, constructed as
explained in the text. Except for column (5), all specifications control for country-industry and time effects. Column (5) only
controls for time effects. Standard errors are corrected for clustering within country-industry pairs, except in column (6) where they
are adjusted using Windmeijer's (2005) finite-sample correction. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See
also notes to previous tables.
Table 13 - Identification: Trade Shocks
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
(1)
(2)
(4)
(5)
NIIov t-1
0.109
[0.083]
-0.417
[0.412]
NIIov t-1 * Indic for Euro adoption
0.461***
[0.095]
NIIov t-1 (Imports from New WTO Members)
(3)
0.897***
[0.097]
NIIov t-1 (Imports from China)
1.052***
[0.130]
NIIov t-1 (Imports of inputs with large tariff cuts)
0.967***
[0.203]
NIIov t-1 * Indic for EU accession
0.807***
[0.143]
Cragg-Donald F -statistic
Hansen test (p -value)
Obs.
R2
37.63
0.22
16.04
0.55
180.00
4613
0.004
4613
0.04
4613
0.045
2726
0.12
1156
0.24
Estimation method
2SLS
2SLS
2SLS
OLS
OLS
In column (1), the exogenous instruments are the sixth lags of US input tariffs and imported inputs from the New WTO Members (35 countries in
total). In column (2), the exogenous instruments are the sixth lags of US input tariffs and imported inputs from China. In colum (3), the exogenous
instrument is the sixth lag of US imported inputs, constructed using only inputs with large tariff cuts. In column (4), the estimation sample is
restricted to countries that have adopted the Euro in 1999 or 2000. In column (5), the estimation sample is restricted to countries that have joined
the EU in 2004 or 2007. All specifications control for country-industry and time effects. Standard errors are corrected for clustering within countryindustry pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 14 - New Imported Inputs and Introduction of New Domestic Products: Channels
Dependent variable: Share of new products in total domestic products (NP )
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Estimates
NIIov t-1
0.748*** 0.385**
[0.137]
[0.175]
[0.150]
0.312*
[0.196]
[0.181]
-0.037
[0.028]
[0.026]
0.010
[0.208]
[0.181]
-1.207***
[0.330]
[0.346]
0.120***
[0.038]
[0.038]
2.015***
[0.496]
[0.468]
-0.213***
[0.064]
[0.057]
0.013
[0.208]
[0.182]
-1.168***
[0.324]
[0.341]
0.117***
[0.037]
[0.038]
1.966***
[0.488]
[0.461]
-0.210***
[0.063]
[0.056]
0.095
[0.210]
[0.189]
-0.806***
[0.312]
[0.303]
0.080**
[0.036]
[0.034]
1.501***
[0.465]
[0.413]
-0.165***
[0.061]
[0.054]
0.010
[0.201]
[0.180]
-1.059***
[0.283]
[0.289]
0.107***
[0.034]
[0.034]
1.857***
[0.437]
[0.402]
-0.202***
[0.057]
[0.052]
0.021
[0.205]
[0.182]
-1.068**
[0.477]
[0.538]
-0.195***
[0.077]
[0.074]
1.877***
[0.599]
[0.620]
0.099
[0.057]
[0.062]
Obs.
R2
4,262
0.09
4,262
0.12
4,262
0.13
4,262
0.13
4,262
0.12
4,262
0.13
4,262
0.12
Estimated quality
None
None
2SLS,
imported
inputs
subsample
2SLS, imported OLS, imported
inputs
inputs
subsample, no subsample
residuals
2SLS, whole
sample of
imported
varieties
2SLS, imported
inputs
subsample, no
product effects
0.650***
[0.067]
0.403***
[0.087]
0.538***
[0.058]
0.674***
[0.070]
0.771***
[0.082]
0.857***
[0.098]
0.647***
[0.068]
0.403***
[0.075]
0.542***
[0.064]
0.668***
[0.066]
0.766***
[0.080]
0.849***
[0.097]
0.673***
[0.074]
0.507***
[0.072]
0.613***
[0.063]
0.690***
[0.073]
0.756***
[0.083]
0.807***
[0.092]
0.650***
[0.064]
0.434***
[0.064]
0.548***
[0.060]
0.666***
[0.070]
0.758***
[0.078]
0.840***
[0.092]
0.649***
[0.066]
0.487***
[0.105]
0.595***
[0.060]
0.666***
[0.065]
0.731***
[0.074]
0.785***
[0.084]
0.067***
[0.020]
0.063***
[0.020]
0.043**
[0.021]
0.055***
[0.018]
0.065***
[0.022]
NIIov t-1 * PNew t-1
PNew t-1
NIIov t-1 * QNew t-1
QNew t-1
Partial derivatives with respect to:
NIIov
Average
10th percentile
25th percentile
Median
75th percentile
90th percentile
QNew
Average
PNew
Average
-0.048***
-0.045**
-0.031*
-0.040**
-0.049*
[0.018]
[0.018]
[0.017]
[0.017]
[0.026]
Column (1) estimates the baseline specification (see Table 3, column (4)) on the subsample with non-missing values for PNew and
QNew , which are the relative price and relative quality of new imported inputs, in each country, industry and year. The quality
estimates used to construct QNew are obtained by estimating equation (10), separately for each country and 4-digit NACE industry,
and then adding up the variety fixed effect, the time fixed effect and the residuals from those regressions (except in column (4) where
the residuals are excluded). The estimation of quality is performed by 2SLS in columns (3)-(4) and (6)-(7), and by OLS in column (5).
Finally, the estimation of quality is performed on the subsample of imported input varieties, except in column (6) where it is performed
on the whole sample of imported varieties (i.e., including also the final goods). In column (7), PNew and QNew are obtained after
removing product fixed effects from prices and estimated qualities. All specifications in the table control for country-industry and time
effects. The first standard error is bootstrapped (100 replications), the second is analytical and corrected for clustering within countryindustry pairs. The standard errors of the derivatives are computed using the bootstrapped standard errors of the parameters. ***, **, *
= indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 15 - New Imported Inputs and the Volume and Price of New Domestic Products
Dependent variables indicated in panels' headings
Dep. Var.: Log volume
Dep. Var.: Log price
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
New t
NIIov t-1 * New t
-0.742*** -0.697*** -0.647***
[0.041]
[0.043]
[0.100]
-0.672
[0.737]
-0.674***
[0.107]
-0.081
[0.787]
0.041**
[0.016]
0.039**
[0.016]
-0.047
[0.035]
0.717***
[0.252]
(8)
-0.037
[0.037]
0.612**
[0.263]
Obs.
180887 177288 177180 173614
180887 177288 177180 173614
R2
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.74
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
The results in columns (1), (2), (5) and (6) are obtained by estimating equation (8), those in columns (3), (4), (7) and
(8) by estimating equation (9) (the coefficients of the linear term of NIIov are not reported). New is a dummy for new
products. Prices are unit values. Observations in the highest and lowest decile of the price distribution are excluded.
Columns (2), (4), (6) and (8) exclude products that exit in period t+1. All specifications control for product and
country-time effects. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 16 - Price and Quantity Differences Between New and Existing Exports
Dependent variables indicated in columns' headings
Log Volume Log Price
Log Volume Log Price
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Indic for new exp prodt
-1.016***
[0.016]
0.023***
[0.006]
-3.508***
[0.006]
Indic for new exp vart
0.015***
[0.001]
Indic for new exp from EU to USt
Obs.
R2
Estimation sample
1829244
0.36
Log Volume Log Price
(5)
(6)
1829244
0.06
2963697
0.46
2963697
0.05
-0.794***
[0.036]
0.033*
[0.019]
91701
0.65
91701
0.89
Exported
Exported
Exported
Exported
Exports to
Exports to
products
products
varieties
varieties
US
US
Columns (1)-(4) use exports to all destinations, whereas columns (5) and (6) use exports to the US. Columns (1)-(4) control for
product and country-time effects, columns (5) and (6) for product and time effects. Standard errors are corrected for clustering
within country-product pairs. ***, **, * = indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table 17 - Quality Premia for New Goods
Dependent variable: Estimated quality of US imported varieties from the EU
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.038*** 0.073***
[0.014]
[0.020]
-0.004
[0.005]
-0.033
[0.037]
0.516**
[0.261]
-0.063
[0.072]
0.997**
[0.503]
-0.010
[0.020]
0.053
[0.125]
Obs.
R2
91701
0.16
48218
0.14
43483
0.41
83508
0.16
42333
0.14
41175
0.38
Estimation sample
Exports
to US
Exports to US, Exports to US,
long-ladder
short-ladder
products
products
Exports
to US
Exports to US,
long-ladder
products
Exports to US,
short-ladder
products
Indic for new EU exp to USt
NIIov t-1 * Indic for new EU exp to USt
The dependent variable is normalized to have zero mean and unitary variance. Quality estimates are retrieved from Khandelwal (2010).
All regressions use the median value of these estimates by parter, year and 6-digit HS code. Only products with unique unit of
measurement are used. Long-ladder products are products with ladder length above the sample median (ladder length is retrieved from
Khandelwal, 2010). All columns control for product and time effects and standard errors are bootstrapped (100 replications). ***, **, * =
indicate significance at 1, 5 and 10%, respectively. See also notes to previous tables.
Table A1 - Summary Statistics on Quality Estimates
(1)
(2)
(3)
Coefficient of price
-0.805
-0.192
-0.774
Coefficient of nest share
0.441
0.868
0.489
Observations per estimation
1651
1651
1959
Varieties per estimation
460
460
552
Total number of estimations
3268
3268
4205
Total observations across all estimations
10235679
10235679
15137129
Sargan test (p -value)
0.15
-
0.09
Estimator and estimation sample
2SLS, imported
inputs subsample
OLS, imported
inputs subsample
2SLS, whole sample
of imported varieties
Except for total number of estimations and total number of observations (fifth and sixth row), all figures are
medians across countries and 4-digit industries. Column (1) refers to the model estimated by 2SLS on the
subsample of imported input varieties. Column (2) refers to the model estimated by OLS on the same subsample.
Column (3) refers to the model estimated by 2SLS on the whole sample of imported varieties (i.e., including also
final goods).
Table A2 - Data Availability
Country
Production data
Trade data
Import matrices
Use matrices
Austria
Belgium-Luxemburg
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Germany
France
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
1995-2007
1988-2007
1999-2007
1999-2007
1988-2007
1999-2007
1995-2007
1988-2007
1988-2007
1988-2007
1999-2007
1988-2007
1988-2007
1999-2007
1999-2007
1988-2007
1999-2007
1988-2007
1999-2007
1999-2007
1999-2007
1988-2007
1995-2007
1988-2007
1995, 2000, 2005
1995, 2000, 2005
1995, 1997, 1999-2006
1995, 1997, 1999-2005
2000-2004
1995-2007
1995-2006
1997, 2000-2006
1995-2007
1995, 1997-2006
1995, 1997-2006
2000-2008
1998-2006
1998, 2000-2006
1995-2006
1996, 1998, 2004
2000-2006
1995-2006
2000-2005
1995-2006
2000, 2003-2006
1995-2006
1996, 2000-2006
1995-2006
1995-2006
1995-2003
1995-2007
1995-2007
2001-2007
2001-2007
1995-2007
2000-2007
1995-2007
1995-2007
1995-2007
1995-2007
2001-2007
1995-2007
1995-2007
2001-2007
2000-2007
1995-2007
2002-2007
1995-2007
2000-2007
1998-2007
2001-2007
1995-2007
1995-2007
1995-2007
2005
1995, 2000-2006
1997, 2000, 2005
1995-2007
1995, 2000-2006
1995, 1997, 1999-2006
2000, 2005
1998, 2000, 2005
1998, 2000, 2005
1995, 2000, 2005
1996, 1998
2000, 2005
1995-2002, 2004-2006
2000, 2005
1995, 1999, 2005
2000, 2003-2006
2000, 2005
1996, 2000, 2001, 2005
1995, 2000, 2005
1995, 2000, 2005
1995