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Other Useful Substances from
Crude Oil
Question Paper 1
Level
IGCSE
Subject
Chemistry (4402)
Exam Board
AQA
Unit
C1
Topic
Other Useful Substances from Crude Oil
Booklet
Question Paper 1
Time Allowed:
60
Score:
/ 60
Percentage:
/100
minutes
Grade Boundaries:
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Q1.This question is about ethanol.
(a)
Ethanol can be made by fermentation of sugars from plants.
(i)
What is a suitable temperature for fermentation?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
0 °C
25 °C
450 °C
(1)
(ii)
Fermentation produces a dilute solution of ethanol in water.
Name the process used to obtain ethanol from this dilute solution.
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(1)
(b)
Ethanol made by fermentation can be used as a biofuel.
(i)
Explain why increasing the use of biofuels may cause food shortages.
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(2)
(ii)
Explain why burning biofuels contributes less to climate change than burning
fossil fuels.
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(2)
(c)
In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising
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information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Ethanol can also be made by reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a
catalyst.
C2H4(g) + H2O(g)
C2H5OH(g)
Figure 1 shows how the percentage yield of ethanol changes as the pressure is
changed at three different temperatures.
Figure 2 shows how the rate of reaction changes as the temperature changes at
three different pressures.
In one process for the reaction of ethene with steam the conditions are:
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•
300 °C
•
65 atmospheres
•
a catalyst.
Use the information in Figure 1 and Figure 2, and your own knowledge, to justify
this choice of conditions.
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(6)
(Total 12 marks)
Q2.A molecule of ethene (C2H4) is represented as:
(a)
A sample of ethene is shaken with bromine water.
Complete the sentence.
The bromine water turns from orange to
......................................................................... .
(1)
(b)
Most ethene is produced by the process of cracking.
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(i)
Complete the sentence.
Cracking is a type of thermal
.................................................................................. .
(1)
(ii)
Decane (C10H22) can be cracked to produce ethene (C2H4) and one other
product.
Complete the equation to show the formula of the other product.
C10H22
C2H4 + .........................
(1)
(c)
Many molecules of ethene join together to produce poly(ethene).
(i)
Complete the structure of the polymer in the equation.
(2)
(ii)
Some carrier bags are made from poly(ethene). Some carrier bags are made
from cornstarch.
Suggest two benefits of using cornstarch instead of poly(ethene) to make
carrier bags.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q3.The figure below shows the displayed structures of five organic compounds, A, B, C, D and
E.
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A
B
D
(a)
C
E
Choose which organic compound, A, B, C, D or E, matches the descriptions.
You may choose each compound once, more than once or not at all.
Write the letter of the compound that:
(i)
is a saturated hydrocarbon
(1)
(ii)
comes from a homologous series with the general formula C nH2n
(1)
(iii)
has the empirical formula C2H6O
(1)
(iv)
reacts with calcium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide
(1)
(v)
reacts with compound A to produce compound C.
(1)
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(b)
Compound B (C2H4) and C8H18 are produced by cracking C14H30
C14H30
(i)
3C2H4 + C8H18
Give two conditions for cracking.
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(2)
(ii)
Explain why C8H18 has a lower boiling point than C14H30
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(2)
(c)
Compound B is a colourless gas.
Give a chemical test and its result to show that compound B is unsaturated.
Test ...............................................................................................................
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Result ............................................................................................................
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(2)
(d)
Compound B is ethene.
Complete the equation to show the formation of poly(ethene) from ethene.
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(3)
(Total 14 marks)
Q4.A company manufactures ethanol (C2H5OH).
The reaction for the process is:
C2H4(g) + H2O(g)
C2H5OH(g)
ΔH = −45 kJ per mole
The temperature and pressure can be changed to increase the yield of ethanol at
equilibrium.
(a)
Explain what is meant by equilibrium.
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(3)
(b)
(i)
How would increasing the temperature change the yield of ethanol at
equilibrium?
Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)
(ii)
How would increasing the pressure change the yield of ethanol at equilibrium?
Give a reason for your answer.
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(2)
(c)
A catalyst is added to increase the rate of the reaction.
Explain how adding a catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q5.Alkanes are hydrocarbons found in crude oil.
(a)
(i)
Complete the sentence.
Hydrocarbons contain the elements ......................... and .........................
only.
(1)
(ii)
Ethane is an alkane with the formula C2H6
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
CnHn
Alkanes are hydrocarbons with the general formula
CnH2n
CnH2n+2
(1)
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(b)
Crude oil is separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation.
Describe and explain how crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional
distillation.
Use the diagram to help you answer the question.
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(4)
(c)
Dodecane (C12H26) from crude oil is cracked to produce ethene (C2H4).
(i)
Complete the equation for this reaction.
C12H26
2 C2H4 + ............................
(1)
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(ii)
Give two conditions needed for cracking.
1 ............................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
Q6.Poly(ethene) is a polymer with many uses.
(a)
Poly(ethene) is not biodegradable.
Give one problem caused by waste poly(ethene).
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(1)
(b)
Many molecules of ethene are combined to make poly(ethene). Ethene is an
alkene.
(i)
Complete the sentence about the colour change in the test for alkenes.
Alkenes turn bromine water from .................................................... to
............................................ .
(2)
(ii)
Complete the equation below to show the formation of poly(ethene).
(3)
(c)
Poly(ethene) is a thermosoftening polymer that melts when heated.
The diagrams show a thermosetting polymer and a thermosoftening polymer.
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Polymer chain
Thermosetting polymer
Thermosoftening polymer
The thermosetting polymer does not melt when heated.
Use the diagrams and your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why.
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(3)
(Total 9 marks)
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