Centre Number
For Examiner’s Use
Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Examiner’s Initials
Candidate Signature
Question
General Certificate of Secondary Education
Foundation Tier
June 2010
Mark
1
2
3
Geography
(Specification A)
40304F
F
Short Course
Monday 14 June 2010
9.00 am to 10.00 am
4
5
6
TOTAL
For this paper you must have:
the colour insert.
You may use a calculator.
•
Time allowed
• 1 hour
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer two questions: one question from Section A and one question
from Section B.
• You must answer the questions in the spaces, provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
• Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 50.
• You will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
• Where appropriate, credit will be given for the use of diagrams to
illustrate answers and where reference is made to your personal
investigative work. You are advised to allocate your time carefully.
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Section A
Answer ONE question in this section.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
1
The Restless Earth Total for this question: 25 marks
1 (a)
Study Figure 1 which shows the Earth’s tectonic plates and the places where
earthquakes occur.
Figure 1
North American Plate
Eurasian Plate
Eurasian Plate
Arabian
Plate
Pacific Plate
Indo-Australian Plate
Nazca
Plate
A
South
American
Plate
African Plate
Antarctic Plate
Key:
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Earthquakes
Plate boundary
Direction of plate movement
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1 (a)(i) Are the following statements about the distribution of earthquakes true or false?
Tick the correct boxes.
True
False
Earthquakes occur in lines. Earthquakes never occur away from plate boundaries. Earthquakes occur around the edge of the Pacific Ocean.
(3 marks)
1 (a)(ii) On Figure 1, the letter A is on a plate boundary.
What type of plate boundary is shown by the letter A?
Circle the correct type in the following list.
Conservative
Constructive
Destructive
(1 mark)
1 (a)(iii) Complete the paragraph below to explain why earthquakes occur at conservative plate
boundaries.
Choose the correct words from this list.
apart from
jerking
different
lava
slide past
parallel with
pressure
smooth
At conservative plate boundaries, plates move ..................................... each
other. They ..................................... each other. The plates often stick and
..................................... builds up. The sudden release of the plates causes a
..................................... movement and an earthquake occurs.
(4 marks)
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1 (b)
Study Figure 2, on the insert, a 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map extract of Market
Rasen, Lincolnshire. An earthquake struck Market Rasen on 27 February 2008.
Figure 3 is a sketch map drawn from Figure 2.
Figure 3
09
93
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13
Walesby
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Linwood
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Legsby
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Railway line
Key
Railway station
Main road (selected)
X Epicentre
Minor road (selected)
Y Damage to Legsby Church
Settlement
Z Damage to chimneys and houses
1 km
0
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1 (b)(i) The epicentre of the earthquake was 4 km north of the railway station in Market Rasen.
On Figure 3, mark the position of the epicentre with the letter X.
(2 marks)
1 (b)(ii) Damage was reported to Legsby parish church in grid square 1385 and to chimneys of
houses at grid reference 108892.
On Figure 3, draw two arrows to show where this damage occurred.
Label these arrows with the correct letters Y and Z from the key.
(3 marks)
1 (b)(iii) The earthquake measured 5.2 on the Richter Scale.
With the help of Figure 2 and your own knowledge, explain why the damage was
limited.
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1 (c)(i) Explain why a tsunami is a secondary effect of plate movement.
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(2 marks)
1 (c)(ii) Use a case study of a tsunami to describe its effects on coastal areas.
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2Water on the Land
2 (a)
Total for this question: 25 marks
Study Figure 4 which shows a long profile and cross profiles of a typical river.
Figure 4
Height
(m)
Source
Mouth
Sea
2 (a)(i) Are the following statements about the long profile and cross profiles true or false?
Tick the correct boxes.
The steepest part of the long profile is near the source.
The cross profile shows the shape of the valley from one side
to the other.
The cross profile is narrower and deeper near the mouth.
Most lateral erosion occurs near the source.
True
False
(4 marks)
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2 (a)(ii) Complete the paragraph below to explain why deposition occurs along the course of a
river.
Choose the correct words from this list.
energy
increases
transports
decreases
sediment
leaves behind
Deposition occurs when the river .................................. material. This happens when
the speed of the river .................................. and the river has less ..................................
(3 marks)
2 (b)(i) Study Figure 5, on the insert, a photograph of a waterfall in the Glens of Antrim,
Northern Ireland.
Describe the features of the waterfall shown in Figure 5.
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(3 marks)
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2 (b)(ii) Draw a labelled diagram(s) to explain the formation of a waterfall.
(4 marks)
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2 (c)
Study Figures 6a and 6b which are hydrographs for two different streams in
North Yorkshire after the same storm.
A hydrograph shows the link between rainfall and discharge in a river.
Figure 6a
Figure 6b
Austwick Beck
Clapham Beck
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hours from start of rainstorm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hours from start of rainstorm)
Key
Rainfall (mm)
Discharge (cumecs)
2 (c)(i) Use Figures 6a and 6b to complete the following:
Peak rainfall for both streams: ..................................... mm
Peak discharge for Clapham Beck: ..................................... cumecs
Lag time (the time difference between the peak rainfall and the peak
discharge) for Austwick Beck: ..................................... hours
(3 marks)
2 (c)(ii) Suggest one reason why the discharge for Austwick Beck is different from that for
Clapham Beck.
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(2 marks)
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2 (d)
Explain why the demand for water is increasing in the UK.
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(6 marks)
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3
The Coastal Zone
Total for this question: 25 marks
3 (a)
Mass movement is a process affecting the coastal zone.
3 (a)(i) Are the following statements about mass movement true or false?
Tick the correct boxes.
True
False
Slumping occurs when material moves downhill along a
curved surface.
Sliding occurs when loose material shifts down a slope. (2 marks)
3 (a)(ii) Study Figure 7, on the insert, which shows the coastal zone of Antrim,
Northern Ireland.
Figure 8 is a black and white copy of Figure 7.
On Figure 8, label landforms X, Y and Z.
Figure 8
X .......................................
Y .......................................
Z .......................................
(3 marks)
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3 (a)(iii) Figure 9 shows the formation of some of the landforms in Figure 8.
Add a sentence to each box to explain the formation of these landforms.
Figure 9
Stage 1
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Stage 2
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Stage 3
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Stage 4
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(4 marks)
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3 (b)(i) Explain why sea level is expected to rise.
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(3 marks)
3 (b)(ii) Use a case study to describe economic effects of coastal flooding.
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3 (c)(i) Study Figure 10 which shows the coast at Lyme Regis, a town in Dorset.
Figure 10
Houses under threat as
landslides expand inland
Building subsides and
collapses. Land slides
Houses damaged
Marine parade
Sea
Eroded beach
Broad Street
Old sea wall
Groynes not maintained
Use Figure 10 to explain why the town is under threat from the sea.
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(3 marks)
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3 (c)(ii) Hard engineering includes sea walls and groynes.
Describe the costs and benefits of hard engineering in managing a coastline.
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End of Section A
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Turn over for Section B
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answer in the spaces provided
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Section B
Answer ONE question in this section.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
4
Changing Urban Environments Total for this question: 25 marks
4 (a)
Study Figure 11 which shows how the world’s urban population may change between
1997 and 2030.
Figure 11
6
5
Key
4
Mostly
rich
world
Urban
population 3
(billions)
Mostly
poor
world
2
Oceania
Europe
North America
Latin America
and Caribbean
Asia
Africa
1
0
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1997
2030
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4 (a)(i) Which continent will probably have the greatest increase in urban population?
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(1 mark)
4 (a)(ii) What will the increase in the world’s urban population be during this period?
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(1 mark)
4 (a)(iii) The poor world shows the greatest increase in urban population during this period.
Give one reason for this increase.
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(1 mark)
4 (b)
Study Figure 12, on the insert, three photographs of an inner city area.
4 (b)(i) Give three problems suggested by these photographs.
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(3 marks)
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4 (b)(ii) Describe how the UK government has tried to improve inner cities since the 1990s.
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4 (c)
Study Figure 13 which shows squatter settlements in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.
Figure 13
Figure 13 is not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.
4 (c)(i) Describe the location of the squatter settlements.
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(3 marks)
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4 (c)(ii) Suggest two problems for people living in these squatter settlements.
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
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2 ..........................................................................................................................................
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(2 marks)
4 (c)(iii) Explain how many squatter settlements have been improved by the people living there.
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4 (d)
Describe two ways urban living can be made more sustainable.
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
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5
Changing Rural Environments 5 (a)
Commuting has increased in recent years.
Total for this question: 25 marks
5 (a)(i) Give one reason for this increase.
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(1 mark)
5 (a)(ii) Study Figure 14 which shows the village of Wilmington in Kent in 1940 and the present
day.
Figure 14
Figure 14 is not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.
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5 (a)(ii) Describe changes to the village between 1940 and the present day.
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(3 marks)
5 (a)(iii) Use Figure 14 to suggest why the village grew more quickly after 1970.
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(2 marks)
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5 (a)(iv) Explain why there may be disagreement between the newcomers and the original
villagers.
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5 (b)
Government initiatives try to make living in the countryside more sustainable.
The following are examples of these government initiatives.
l
Choose two of these initiatives or others that you have studied.
For each one chosen, describe how it tries to make living in the countryside more
sustainable.
l
l
l
l
l
Objective One
Rural Transport Partnership Scheme
Rural Development Areas
Rural Challenge Grants
Village Shop Development Scheme
Millennium Fund
Initiative 1 . ..........................................................................................................................
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Initiative 2 . ..........................................................................................................................
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5 (c)
Study Figure 15 which shows some problems of traditional farming in tropical rural
areas.
Figure 15
Low quality of work
Low level of output
Little money left
for the farmer
High risk of illness
Poor diet
Fewer crops to
feed the family
Some crops sold
to pay rent
Little money for
improving irrigation,
fertilizers or
better seeds
Small crop surplus
sold to market
for cash
Loan repayments
5 (c)(i) Give two reasons why a traditional farmer in the tropics will probably stay poor.
1...........................................................................................................................................
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2...........................................................................................................................................
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(2 marks)
5 (c)(ii) Explain why many farmers in the tropics are changing to cash cultivation.
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5 (c)(iii) Explain how the development of forestry and mining in tropical areas affects traditional
farming.
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6
Tourism Total for this question: 25 marks
6 (a)
Study Figure 16 which shows the countries that were the top ten earners from tourism
in 2007.
Figure 16
60
Key
North America
Asia
Australasia
Europe
50
40
Billions
of pounds 30
(£)
20
10
N
ke
y
a
Tu
r
tri
Au
s
la
si
a
y
tra
m
an
K
U
G
er
hi
na
ly
C
Ita
ce
ai
n
Sp
Fr
an
Au
s
or
th
Am
er
ic
a
0
International top earners from tourism
6 (a)(i) Complete the graph by plotting the following information.
UK
£22 billion
(1 mark)
6 (a)(ii) Which continent has the greatest number of countries in this top ten list?
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(1 mark)
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6 (a)(iii) External factors can affect how much money the UK earns from tourism in a year.
Some of these external factors are shown below.
l
Cost of fuel
Terrorist action
l The state of the world economy
l Major sporting and cultural events in
other parts of the world
l Currency exchange rates
l
Choose two of these external factors or others that you have studied.
Explain how each factor could affect the amount of money the UK would earn from
tourism in a year.
Factor 1................................................................................................................................
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Factor 2................................................................................................................................
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6 (b)
Study Figure 17 which shows how a tourist area may change over time.
Figure 17
Stage 1
Exploration
Stage 2
Development
and consolidation
Stage 3
Stagnation
Stage 4
Decline
Growth
rate
Time
6 (b)(i) The following is a list of features of the different stages shown in Figure 17.
A
Water supply cannot meet the needs of so many tourists
B
Very few tourists
C
Introduction of the Blue Flag guide for beach quality
D
Decline in traditional occupations such as farming and fishing
E
Clean, unspoilt beaches and villages
F
Number of tourists decreases because people go to different places
G
Increasing traffic noise and problems of crime and vandalism
H
Building of many hotels, bars and cafés
Complete the table below by writing the letter of the feature in the correct box.
You should only use each letter once.
Four have been done for you.
Stage 1
Exploration
Stage 2
Development and
consolidation
Stage 3
Stagnation
Stage 4
Decline
B
D
A
C
(3 marks)
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6 (b)(ii) Choose either a National Park or a coastal resort in the UK.
For the named National Park or coastal resort, describe how the area plans for the
continued success of the tourist industry.
Name of National Park or coastal resort.............................................................................
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(4 marks)
Extra space . .......................................................................................................................
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Question 6 continues on the next page
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6 (c)
Study Figure 18 which shows some information about tourism on the island of
Barbados.
Figure 18
Barbados
Key
Prevailing winds
Main bathing beaches
Roads
Main settlements
Zones set aside as new
tourist areas
Airport
Speightstown
Prevailing winds
Bridgetown
N
0
5 km
6 (c)(i) Describe the location of the new tourist areas shown in Figure 18.
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(2 marks)
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6 (c)(ii) Explain how the direction of the prevailing winds and the location of Bridgetown, the
capital city, may have affected the location of the new tourist areas.
Prevailing winds . ................................................................................................................
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Location of Bridgetown .......................................................................................................
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(4 marks)
Extra space . .......................................................................................................................
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6 (c)(iii) Describe the disadvantages of large numbers of tourists visiting a tropical tourist area
such as Barbados.
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(6 marks)
Extra space . .......................................................................................................................
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End of questions
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases efforts to contact copyright-holders have been
unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Figure 1:
(Tectonic Plate data) Understanding GCSE Geography Teachers Resource Pack by A Bowen and J Pallister.
Reprinted by Permission of Pearson Education Ltd. (Earthquake data) Reprinted by permission of the Bulletin of the
Seismological Society of America, 1969.
Figures 6a and 6b: Bob Hordern, Rivers & Coasts, 2006. Reproduced by permission of Philip Allan Updates.
Figure 10:
Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd from GeoActive Online, first published in April 2008.
Figure 11:
Figure 13:
Settlement (1990), Simon Ross, Longman Co-ordinated Geography.
Figure 14:
Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd. from GeoActive, first published in June 2000.
Figure 15:Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, © 2003, N ROWLES
Figure 16:
UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 2008, Vol. 6, No 2. © UNWTO, 9284402410
Figure 18:Reprinted by permission of HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, © 1987, MALCOLM RENWICK
Copyright © 2010 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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