Citations
AND
Plagiarism
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Academic Writing
 A vital skill for university study
– E.g. school project, report, thesis, research
paper, etc.
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Academic Writing
 A vital skill for university study
– E.g. school project, report, thesis, research
paper, etc.
Brainstorm
Research
•
•
•
•
Google
Academic databases
Books in the library
Approach a librarian
Write
• Literature review
• Original ideas
• References
Plagiarism!
Plagiarism
 The theft of ideas
 The act of presenting
someone else's work as
one's own
 To avoid it, Any ideas or
materials taken from another
source must be fully
acknowledged
 unless the information is
common knowledge
(Source: Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct, Part II, Student
Responsibilities, Academic Misconduct, By action of the University Faculty Council
(April 12, 2005) and the Trustees of Indiana University (June 24, 2005).)
Deliberate plagiarism
 Copy & paste
 Take and change a few words
 Style plagiarism
 Metaphor plagiarism
 Idea plagiarism
Accidental Plagiarism
 Ignorance of the need for citation
 Not knowing how to paraphrase
 Not clear about “common knowledge”
 Not knowing what “self-plagiarism” is
– Reuse your own previous work or data without
citation
– Use the same writing twice for different assignments
Consequences of plagiarism





Redo the assignment
Fail the assignment
Fail the course
Expulsion from the university
Carry a LIFELONG record indicating that you
committed an act of academic dishonesty
You will be caught plagiarizing
 Smart detection tool:
 Unevenness of style
 Concepts seeming too sophisticated for the level
of the class
 Inconsistency with other writings of the same
student
Truth will come to light… at the length, the truth will out.
—— William Shakespeare
How to avoid plagiarism
 Do citations properly!
 Use your own words & cite
 Use quotation marks & cite
 Include your original ideas
 Reminder: do not procrastinate or only
start working towards the deadline!
Learn to use citations
Citation
 Give credit to the original
author
 Avoid plagiarism
 Show your efforts in
doing research
 Support your original ideas
 Others can find out more
 2 types: in-text citation
and reference list
In-text citation
 APA
– Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most
important element in comprehending non-native
speech is familiarity with the topic.
 Numbered
Reference list
APA style
Numbered style
Citation styles
 Consistent method for documenting resources
and acknowledging the original creator
 Common elements
– Author
– Year
– Title
– Publisher
– Etc.
Citation styles: APA 6th
 Books
Author (last name,
initials only for first
& middle names
Publication
Year
Title (in italics)
Place of
publication
Publisher
– In-text citation: (Rollin, 2006), in 2006… (Rollin)
Citation styles: APA 6th
 Online Journal Articles
Author (last name,
initials only for first
& middle names
Publication
date/month
/year
Publication name,
volume number & issue
number not italics!
Title of the
article
Page
number
(if given)
URL or
DOI
number
Citation styles: APA 6th
 For more information on different types of
documents in APA style:
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/lls/docu
ments/APA_Quick_Citation_Guide.pdf
 A much easier way to do citation:
– Windows Reference Manager
Citation styles: APA 6th
Citation manager: Endnote
 Even more convenient than Windows
Reference Manager
 No need to type manually  match your
search with online databases to automatically
retrieve reference records
 Attend Endnote Web workshops organized by
our library
 Create in-text citations and reference lists
with a neat and professional look!
Citing images
 Basic format
– Author (Role of Author). (Year image was created). Title of
work [Type of work], Retrieved Month Day, Year, from:
URL (address of website)
 No author
– Title of work [Type of work]. (Year image was created).
Retrieved Month Day, Year, from: URL (address of
website)
 No author, no date, no title
– [Subject and type of work]. Retrieved Month Day, Year,
from: URL (address of website)
– E.g. [Untitled photograph of a baby chimpanzee]. Retrieved
April 12, 2006, from:
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/jdtr/struc/chimp3.htm
Bibliography
Barnbaum, C. (n.d.). Plagiarism: A Student's Guide to Recognizing It and Avoiding It. Retrieved August 29,
2013, from Valdosta State University:
http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/personal/teaching_MISC/plagiarism.htm
[Electronic image of an open book]. Retrieved 29th August, 2013 from:
http://www.inplayers.org/web/images/general/OpenBook.jpg
[Electronic image about plagiarism]. Retrieved 30th August, 2013 from:
http://www.e-geress.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/plagarism.jpg
[Electronic image of a cat with a pen]. Retrieved 30th August, 2013 from:
http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lxlwqjkaan1r2imw6o1_r1_500.jpg
Landmark College Library. (n.d.). APA Citation Style Guide. Retrieved August 30, 2013, from
http://www.landmark.edu/library/citation-guides/landmark-college-citation-guides/apa-citationstyle-guide/#Images
Nelson Poynter Memorial Library. (n.d.). Avoiding Plagiarism: APA Citation Style. Retrieved August 30,
2013, from Nelson Poynter Library Portal:
http://www.nelson.usf.edu/modules/AvoidPlagiarismAPA/Module2_Avoid_Plagiarism_print.html
Penn State University Libraries. (n.d.). APA Quick Citation Guide. Retrieved August 30, 2013, from
http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/lls/documents/APA_Quick_Citation_Guide.pdf
Plagiarism and its repercussions photo. Retrieved 30th August, 2013 from:
http://www.scribendi.com/images/cms/200910/Plagiarism_And_Its_Repercussions_photo_FINALIZED.jpg
What is a citation. (n.d.). Retrieved August 29, 2013, from Plagiarism.org:
http://www.plagiarism.org/citing-sources/whats-a-citation/