HEALTH
WELLNESS
ACTION
PLAN
Better Health. Better Future.
Better You.
Abhishek, here is your Blueprint For Wellness
to build a healthier life.
Printed on Nov 28, 2008
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Better Health
Better Future
Better You
Dear Abhishek,
Welcome Letter
• Your Health
• Your Results
• Your Wellness
Summary Report
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HEALTH
Better Health
WELLNESS
Better Future
ACTION
PLAN
Better You
On behalf of Quest Diagnostics, congratulations on taking this crucial first step in building a healthier future.
The Blueprint for Wellness report you now hold is just that — a blueprint you can use to construct a healthier,
more fulfilling life. It is based on both the results of your blood tests and on the biometric data (height, weight,
age, etc.) you submitted prior to having your lab tests performed.Using this report, you will be able to better
understand your health risks, so that you can construct a personal plan of action for building better health, a
better future — and a better you.
Please keep in mind that this report is not a substitute for a physician’s examination. It cannot diagnose illness or
acute medical problems. However, it can reveal potential health risks — giving you the ability to plan ahead and
make lifestyle changes, as well as the incentive to seek a physician’s opinion.
At Quest Diagnostics, we encourage you to apprise your doctor of your health and wellness on a continual basis.
That’s why we enclosed a detachable Physician’s Diagnostic Report. This report summarizes your blood test
results. Discuss the results with your doctor, especially if you have any concerns or questions. We also encourage
you to discuss this entire Blueprint for Wellness report and the recommended action plan and screenings with your
doctor. Be sure you have your doctor’s approval before starting any new health-related plans, especially exercise
or weight-loss programs.
Again, on behalf of Quest Diagnostics, good luck and best wishes on your journey to better health and a better
you.
Better Health
Better Future
Better You
Your Health
Abhishek, as you begin your journey to better health, one of
the first steps is to know your risks. That information is
provided in this report and was generated from your
laboratory results and published scientific medical
algorithms.The combinations of this data gives you the first
glimpse of your overall health risks and helps determine
action items for maintaining and improving your health.
You will first see your overall summary of your risk score for
grouped by system: Cardiac; Pancreas (Diabetes); Kidney;
and Liver. As you go through your Personal Wellness
Report, more information on these results will be provided.
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Overall Health Risk
Your overall Health Risks for the following organ systems are displayed below: Cardiac, Pancreatic (Diabetes),
Kidney and Liver. The personal information that you provided at the time of registration (age, gender, height,
weight, etc), has been incorporated with the laboratory results, to give you an overall view of your health
risks. The laboratory tests and results for each organ system are explained in more detail throughout the
report.
Organ Systems
Cardiac
Cardiovascular diseases include coronary heart disease (heart attacks), cerebrovascular disease, raised blood
pressure (hypertension), peripheral artery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and heart
failure. The major causes of cardiovascular disease are tobacco use, physical inactivity, and an unhealthy diet.
Pancreatic (Diabetes)
As the glucose goes through our bloodstream, it needs to be kept regulated. This is accomplished by our pancreas
which produces insulin. The more glucose, or sugar, that is introduced into our body, the more insulin that is
released to regulate the blood glucose level. The problem arises when our body fails to produce the insulin we
need, or it doesn't produce enough.
Kidney (Renal)
Renal failure or kidney failure is a situation in which the kidneys fail to function adequately. It is divided in acute
and chronic forms; either form may be due to a large number of other medical problems. Biochemically, it is
typically detected by an elevated serum creatinine. In the science of physiology, renal failure is described as a
decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.
Liver
Liver disease is a term for a collection of conditions, diseases, and infections that affect the cells, tissues,
structures, or functions of the liver. If the liver becomes inflamed or infected, its ability to perform these functions
may be impaired. Liver disease and infections are caused by a variety of conditions including viral infections,
bacterial invasion, and chemical or physical changes within the body. The most common cause of liver damage is
malnutrition, especially that which occurs with alcoholism.
Better Health
Better Future
Better You
Your Results
Abhishek, the goal of the Blueprint for Wellness is to identify
health risks and supply you with the information you need to
successfully manage your health. Clinical laboratory testing
gives you an important insight into what is happening within
your body.
In the following pages you will see a summary of your
laboratory test results grouped by body system. All of the
results are followed by a detailed explanation of each clinical
test performed. At the end of the report, there is a summary
page that you can give to your physician during your next
visit.
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Heart (Cardiac) Blood Tests
The heart is a muscular organ located in the chest. The heart and blood vessels comprise the
cardiovascular system. The heart pumps blood throughout the body. In spite of the fact that all of the
body’s blood flows through it, it needs to be supplied with life-giving blood by its own set of blood vessels.
These blood vessels, called coronary arteries, deliver the oxygen that allows the heart to perform its
function. When a disease known as atherosclerosis reduces the blood flow from the coronary arteries to
the heart, it can cause chest pain, which is called angina. If the blood flow is severely reduced, it can
cause death of some of the heart muscle and may lead to a heart attack.
Coronary Disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the
small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to
the heart. CHD is also called coronary artery
disease. Coronary heart disease is usually caused
by a condition called atherosclerosis, which occurs
when fatty material and a substance called plaque
builds up on the walls of your arteries. This causes
them to get narrow. As the coronary arteries
narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow down or
stop, causing chest pain (stable angina), shortness
of breath, heart attack, and other symptoms.
Your Risk of developing Coronary Heart Disease within the next 10 years is 10%
Source: The Framingham Study for developing chronic heart disease.
Cardiovasular Disease
Cardiovascular disease is a broad term used to
describe a range of diseases that affect your
heart or blood vessels. The various diseases
that fall under the umbrella of cardiovascular
disease include coronary artery disease, heart
attack, heart failure, high blood pressure and
stroke.
Your Relative Risk of developing Cardiovascular Disease is 5.1
Source: Rafai N, Ridker PM. Proposed cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm using high-sensitivity C-reactive
protein and lipid screening. Clinical Chemistry. 2001
215 mg/dL
Cholesterol Total
Reference Range Cholesterol is an essential body fat needed to produce substances such as hormones and
125 - 200 mg/dL bile. High levels of cholesterol are usually associated with a higher risk of heart disease
and narrowed blood vessels. Lipids included in total cholesterol are HDL cholesterol, LDL
cholesterol, and triglycerides.
Your Result : 215 mg/dL
44 mg/dL
HDL Cholesterol
Reference Range HDL cholesterol is commonly called "good" cholesterol because it can aid in the removal
31 - 76 mg/dL
of excess cholesterol in body tissues and help prevent the accumulation of LDL
cholesterol in the arteries. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are desirable.
This result is associated with a low risk of coronary heart disease
Your Result : 44 mg/dL
3.0 (calc)
T. Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
Reference Range The total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio is a number that is helpful in predicting an
0 - 4.9 (calc)
individual's risk of developing atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). It is a better
predictor of risk than either tests alone. The ratio is obtained by dividing the total
cholesterol value by HDL cholesterol value. A high ratio is a risk for heart disease
including heart attacks and sudden death. A low ratio suggests a low risk for developing
heart disease.
The total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio is not elevated and the risk for heart
disease is not elevated. There are many other risk factors for heart disease including
weight, blood pressure, tobacco use, physical inactivity, and other laboratory tests that
influence one's overall risk for heart disease.
Your Result : 3.0 (calc)
155 mg/dL
Triglycerides
Reference Range Triglycerides are fats composed of fatty acids and glycerol. Triglycerides combine with
38 - 152 mg/dL proteins to form particles called lipoproteins that transport fats through the bloodstream.
These lipoproteins carry triglycerides from the liver to other parts of the body that need
this energy source. Triglycerides then return to the liver where they are removed from the
body. The level of triglycerides in your blood can indicate how efficiently your body
processes the fat in your diet. Accurate results require a minimum of a twelve-hour fast
(no food or drink except water and medication) prior to testing.
Your Result : 155 mg/dL
3.0 mg/L
Cardio CRP
Reference Range CRP stands for "C-reactive protein" which is made by the liver in response to infection,
0 - 3 mg/L
tissue injury or inflammation. Even low values, previously regarded as normal, have been
shown to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis (fatty deposits lining the walls of blood
vessels). Results of this test can help predict your risk of developing atherosclerotic heart
disease. Build up of these fatty deposits can cause chest pain, called angina, and
eventually lead to a heart attack. Your risk increases with increasing levels of CRP. A
desirable Cardio CRP is less than 1 ng/mL. Increased heart disease risk is associated
with Cardio CRP levels exceeding 3 ng/mL with levels between 1 and 3 ng/mL suggesting
borderline increased risk. When Cardio CRP result is greater than 15.0 mg/L, risk analysis
may be confused by a recent infection or illness. If this is noted, wait at least two weeks
after resolution of any infection or illness and have another test performed.
Your Result : 3.0 mg/L
Laboratory comments:
FOR AGES > 17 YEARS: CCRP (mg/L) RISK ACCORDING TO AHA/ CDC GUIDELINES: <1.0 LOW
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; 1.0-3.0 AVERAGE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; 3.1-10.0 HIGH
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; >10.0 PERSISTENT ELEVATIONS MAY REPRESENT NONCARDIOVASCULAR INFLAMMATION ;
171 mg/dL
Apolipoprotein A1
Reference Range Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) is the major apolipoprotein of high density lipoproteins (HDL
94 - 176 mg/dL or the "good cholesterol"). The protein promotes cholesterol export from tissues to the
liver for elimination. Increased levels of ApoA-1 are desirable and low levels undesirable.
Studies suggest that Apo A-1 and Apo B may be a better predictor of cardiovascular
disease than the traditional lipids HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and the former
tests are not dependent upon a having individuals fast in preparation of specimen
collection.
Your Result : 171 mg/dL
85 mg/dL
Apolipoprotein B
Reference Range Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is the primary apolipoprotein of low density lipoproteins (LDL or
52 - 109 mg/dL "bad cholesterol"), that is responsible for carrying cholesterol to tissues throughout the
body. ApoB is the primary apolipoprotein component of LDL and required for its
formation. Though it is not fully understood, high levels of Apo B can lead to plaques that
cause heart disease (atherosclerosis). Studies suggest that Apo A-1 and Apo B may be a
better predictor of cardiovascular disease than the traditional lipids HDL cholesterol and
LDL cholesterol and the former tests are not dependent upon a having individuals fast in
preparation of specimen collection.
Your Result : 85 mg/dL
0.49 (calc)
Apolipoprotein A1:B Ratio
Reference Range The ratio of Apo A-1 to Apo B is useful to assess risk of coronary heart disease, a leading
0.29 - 1.3 (calc) cause of death. Studies suggest that Apo A-1 and Apo B may be a better predictor of
cardiovascular disease than the traditional lipids HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and
the former tests are not dependent upon a having individuals fast in preparation of
specimen collection. The higher the ratio of Apo A-1:Apo B, the lower the risk of
coronary heart disease. Other risk factors for coronary heart disease should be
considered including family history of heart disease, tobacco use, diabetes,
overweight/obesity, and other independent laboratory tests such as Cardio CRP.
Your Result : 0.49 (calc)
80 mg/dL (calc)
Reference Range
90 - 130 mg/dL
(calc)
Direct LDL Cholesterol (Calculated)
LDL cholesterol is considered "bad" cholesterol because it can accumulate in the inner
walls of your arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. This result is measured
directly, and is not influenced by whether you fasted or not or if the triglycerides level is
high (greater than 250 mg/dL). Lower levels of LDL cholesterol are desirable. The
National Cholesterol Education Program considers LDL cholesterol the most important
lipid for assessment of coronary heart disease risk. An LDL cholesterol of less than 130
mg/dL is considered desirable and a result of less than 100 mg/dL is considered optimal.
For individuals with diabetes or other evidence of being at high risk of coronary heart
disease, a desirable LDL cholesterol level may be less than 70 mg/dL. You should be
aware it is also important to consider other factors including smoking, diabetes, blood
pressure, family history and the results of other tests in assessing your risk for coronary
heart disease.
Your Result : 80 mg/dL (calc)
Laboratory comments:
Desirable range <100 mg/dL for patients with CHD or diabetes and <70 mg/dL for diabetic
patients with known heart disease ;
Pancreas (Diabetes) Blood Tests
The pancreas is an organ that is part of both the digestive and endocrine (controls hormone levels and
helps to regulate the body) systems. The pancreas is located beside the stomach and is made up of two
major types of tissues. One tissue produces hormones such as insulin (regulates glucose levels), and the
other tissue produces enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.
Norberg et al identified certain findings associated with later development of Type 2 diabetes
mellitus.
Number of Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes: 2
Should you be Monitored for Type 2 Diabetes: Probably
Source: Norberg M, Eriksson JW, et al. A combination of HbA1c, fasting glucose and BMI is effective in screening for
individuals at risk of future type 2 diabetes: J Internal Medicine. 2006.
112 mg/dL
Glucose
Reference Range Glucose is the chief source of energy for all cells in the body. This test measures the
65 - 99 mg/dL
concentration of glucose in your blood. Elevated levels may indicate pre-diabetes or
diabetes itself. For those individuals with diabetes, large studies have demonstrated that
maintain good control reduces the risk of developing complications of diabetes.
Your Result : 112 mg/dL
5.1 % of total
Hgb
Reference Range
4 - 6 % of total
Hgb
Hgb A1c
The blood level of glucose is tightly controlled by hormones. One of these hormones,
insulin, that is produced in the pancreas is less effective or not produced in sufficient
quantity in individuals with diabetes. As a result, the glucose level is higher in individuals
with diabetes compared to individuals without diabetes. The excess glucose can bind
onto proteins including the most abundant protein in the red blood cells, hemoglobin. The
combination is known as hemoglobin A1c. When the hemoglobin A1c level is increased it
suggests that the diabetes is not as well controlled as it can be. Hemoglobin A1c has as
its key advantage that it reflects the average control for the previous two months, known
as long-term control. The American Diabetes Association recommends that individuals
with diabetes be tested at least twice each year for those in good control and quarterly if
those whose diabetes is not well controlled or whose therapy has changed.
The level of hemoglobin A1c predicts certain complications of diabetes. A level below
7.0% suggests good control. More stringent goals, i.e., a hemoglobin A1c, <6%, may
further reduce complications at the cost of increased risk of hypoglycemia (episodes of
too low glucose control).
Your Result : 5.1 % of total Hgb
Laboratory comments:
Non-Diabetic: <6.5% ;
Kidney Tests
The kidneys’ main function is to eliminate metabolic waste products and to maintain balance of sodium,
potassium, chloride, water and many other vital elements in the body. Blood flows into the kidneys where
over one million small “filters” serve to remove these waste products and form urine. The kidneys are also
important in the maintenance of blood pressure and in the production of a hormone that stimulates
production of red blood cells.
About half the time, doctors can fix the problems that cause kidney failure in a few days or
weeks. These people’s kidneys will work well enough for them to live normal lives.But other
people may have permanent kidney damage that leads to chronic kidney disease. Older people
and those who are very sick from other health problems may not get better. People who die
usually do so because of the health problem that caused their kidneys to fail.
Your Risk of having a Disease associated with your Kidney is: low
Source: Quest Diagnostics Clinical Reference Ranges
16 mg/dL
BUN (Urea Nitrogen)
Reference Range Urea Nitrogen is a waste product derived from the natural breakdown of protein in the
7 - 25 mg/dL
liver. Urea is excreted in the urine after blood is filtered through the kidneys. The urea
nitrogen level reflects both the metabolism of protein and the effectiveness of the
kidneys in filtering blood.
Your Result : 16 mg/dL
131 mmol/L
Sodium
Reference Range Sodium, Chloride and Potassium, collectively known as electrolytes, are important for salt
135 - 146 mmol/L and water balance. Imbalances may be due to problems with diet, fluid intake,
medication, kidney disease, or lung disorders. These tests are interpreted together. A
high sodium or chloride level may be caused by an excessive intake of salt or by not
drinking enough water.
Your Result : 131 mmol/L
6.1 mmol/L
Potassium
Reference Range Potassium measurements are useful in monitoring electrolyte balance in the diagnosis and
3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L treatment of disease conditions characterized by low or high potassium levels.
Your Result : 6.1 mmol/L
99 mmol/L
Chloride
Reference Range Sodium, Chloride and Potassium, collectively known as electrolytes, are important for salt
98 - 110 mmol/L and water balance. Imbalances may be due to problems with diet, fluid intake,
medication, kidney disease, or lung disorders. These tests are interpreted together.
Your Result : 99 mmol/L
1.2 mg/dL
Creatinine
Reference Range Creatinine is the most common test to assess kidney function. Creatinine levels are
0.5 - 1.3 mg/dL converted to reflect kidney function by factoring in age and gender to produce the eGFR
(estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate). As the kidney function diminishes, the creatinine
level increases; the eGFR will decrease.
Your Result : 1.2 mg/dL
>60
mL/min/1.73m2
Reference Range
> 60 - 200
mL/min/1.73m2
eGFR
Chronic kidney disease may be present in 10% of the adult population, most often
secondary to high blood pressure or diabetes. Chronic kidney disease is defined by the
presence of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 for a minimum of three
months and/or evidence of kidney damage (e.g., structural abnormalities visualized on
biopsy, imaging studies, and proteinuria) for at least three months. Thus, detection and
monitoring of chronic kidney disease should include the calculated eGFR based on the
creatinine test, age, and gender. Other important tests of kidney function include
microalbuminuria and the urinalysis, especially looking for the presence of red and white
blood cells in the urine.
Your Result : >60 mL/min/1.73m2
13.4 (calc)
BUN/Creatinine ratio
Reference Range The BUN/creatinine ratio is a calculated value derived by dividing the urea nitrogen result
6 - 22 (calc)
by the creatinine result. This ratio can be helpful in determining whether an elevated urea
nitrogen is due to impaired kidney function or to other factors such as dehydration,
urinary blockage, or excessive blood loss.
Your Result : 13.4 (calc)
-5 mmol/L
Anion Gap (Calculated)
Reference Range Anions are negatively charged molecules (such as Carbon Dioxide) and cations are
8 - 12 mmol/L
positively charged molecules (such as Sodium and Potassium). These are always in
balance. The anion gap is a calculation that reflect the balance or "gap" between the
measured anions and cations.
Your Result : -5 mmol/L
Urine - Color
The color of urine is a basic and potentially informative test. Normal color is light yellow due to natural
pigments. Certain foods, medications, and vitamins may affect the color. Medications that affect urine's
color include chloroquine, iron supplements, and riboflavin. Blood should not be found in the urine. It will
change the color to pink to red. Infections and diseases of the liver and other systems will alter the color as
well.
Your Result : LIGHT YELLOW
Urine - Appearance
Turbidity or cloudiness of the urine may be caused by excessive cellular material or protein in the urine or
may develop from crystallization or precipitation of salts upon standing at room temperature or in the
refrigerator.
Your Result : CLEAR
7.5
Urine - pH
Reference Range pH is a measure of how acid (acidity) or basic is the urine reflecting the acid-base balance
5-8
in the body. The pH may be evidence of a certain type of bacteria known as ureasplitting bacteria that may infect the urinary tract. Also, pH is useful in the identification
of crystals that may be found in the urine.
Your Result : 7.5
1.031
Urine - Specific Gravity
Reference Range Specific gravity measures urine density, or the ability of the kidney to concentrate or
1.005 - 1.03
dilute the urine over that of plasma (the liquid part of blood). Specific gravity serves to
rate how well the kidneys can concentrate the urine. Measurements below the reference
range indicate hydration and any measurement above it indicates relative dehydration.
A high specific gravity may be due to dehydration. Alternatively, a urine specimen with a
high specific gravity is either contaminated, contains very high levels of glucose, or the
individual may have recently received high-density radiopaque dyes intravenously for
radiographic studies.
Your Result : 1.031
Urine - Glucose
Typically, only a small amount of glucose (a sugar) is found in the urine. In people with diabetes, the blood
level of glucose is high and some of the excess is found in the urine. In addition to being evidence of
uncontrolled diabetes, urinary glucose may be due to certain drugs that impair kidney function or to a
congenital abnormality.
Your Result : NEGATIVE
Urine - Bilirubin
Bilirubin is produced by the liver and concentrated in the gallbladder. An increased level of urinary bilirubin
suggests an abnormality in the function of liver (including hepatitis and cirrhosis - scarring of the liver) or
gallbladder (including gallstones).
Your Result : NEGATIVE
Urine - Ketone
Ketones (acetone, acetacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid) resulting from either diabetic ketosis or some
other form of calorie deprivation (starvation), are easily detected using either dipsticks or test tablets
containing sodium nitroprusside. People who adopt the Dr. Atkins diet may have transient urinary ketones
present.
Your Result : NEGATIVE
Urine - Blood
Blood in the urine may be due to diseases along the urinary tract (kidneys, bladder, or urethra. Occasionally,
excess bleeding or inflammation associated with appendicitis, diverticulitis, or an abdominal tumor may lead
to blood in the urine. The test for blood is based on detection of hemoglobin, the predominant protein in red
blood cells. This test is often more sensitive than detection of intact red blood cells because red blood cells
can burst and be difficult to detect on a urinalysis examination.
Your Result : NEGATIVE
Urine - Protein
The protein test is one of the most important tests in the urinalysis. A slight excess of protein may be due to
strenuous exercise. Excess protein may suggest diseases of the kidneys.
Your Result : NEGATIVE
Urine - Nitrite
A positive nitrite test indicates that bacteria may be present in significant numbers in urine. Certain types of
bacteria that are common causes or urinary tract infection, such as E. coli, are more likely to give a positive
test than other causes of infection. When nitrites, leukocyte esterase, and WBCs are detected, the likelihood
of a urinary tract infection is high.
Your Result : NEGATIVE
Urine - Luekocyte Esterase
A positive leukocyte esterase test results from the presence of white blood cells either as whole cells or as
broken cells.
Your Result : NEGATIVE
Urine - White Blood Cells (WBC)
The presence of more than five white blood cells (WBCs) in a microscopic field in urine is often evidence of a
urinary tract infection. The higher the white blood cell count, the more likely an acute infection is present.
A urinary tract infection is best diagnosed by performing a urine culture.
Your Result : 0-5 /HPF
Urine - Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Red blood cells should not be found in the urine. Their presence may indicate trauma to the kidneys, disease
of the kidneys, kidney stones, tumor in the bladder, or infection of the prostate (men only).
Your Result : 0-5 /HPF
Urine - Squamous Epithelial Cells
Squamous epithelial cells are found in the end of the urethra (closest to the skin) and vagina and vulva (in
women). The presence of squamous epithelial cells is not unusual and has little clinical meaning by itself.
Your Result : 0-5 /HPF
Urine - Transitional Epithelial Cells
Transitional epithelial cells line much of the urinary tract including the bladder, ureters (the tubes that
connect the kidneys to the bladder), and the urethra. Occasional transitional epithelial cells can be found in
urine. When the number is high, there may be something irritating the cell lining such as kidney stones,
trauma, inflammation, or tumor.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /HPF
Urine - Renal Epithelial Cells
Renal tubular epithelial cells normally slough into the urine in small numbers. However, with certain kidney
conditions that lead to kidney tubular degeneration, the number of renal tubular epithelial cells sloughed is
increased.
Your Result : 1-3 /HPF
Urine - Bacteria
Bacteria in the urine can be a contaminant from improper specimen collection or evidence of a urinary tract
infection. Infection is supported by finding white blood cells and is best confirmed by a urine culture in
which bacteria are identified and antibiotics are tested to find one that are effective in treating the bacterial
infection.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /HPF
Urine - Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Calcium oxalate crystals are often found because of diets with certain foods including spinach, tomatoes,
rhubarb, garlic, oranges, asparagus, and tea. High does of vitamin C can induce calcium oxalate crystal
formation. These crystals can also be found in people with high levels of calcium and increased activity of
the parathyroid glands.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /HPF
Urine - Triple Phosphate Crystals
Triple-phosphate crystals typically have no clinical significance. They can form when there are bacteria that
produce ammonium carbonate.
Your Result : FEW /HPF
Urine - Uric Acid Crystals
Uric acid crystals typically have no clinical significance. They are most likely to be identified when there is
excessive uric acid as may be present with gout or high cell turnover, as with psoriasis (a skin condition) or
following cancer treatments.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /HPF
Urine - Amorphic Cells
Amorphic cells have no particular shape and lack definite form and hence also called amorphous. Along with
cell edema (cell swelling), appearance of amorphous dense deposits in the mitochondria of the cells indicate
the ultrastructural change that are organ specific in response to disease.
Your Result : FEW /HPF
Urine - Crystals
Many different types of crystals may be found in the urine. For example, tyrosine and leucine crystals may
be observed in people with severe liver disease and some genetic disorders. Other crystals are associated
with formation risk or presence of kidney stones. Many crystals have no clinical significance.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /HPF
Urine - Hyaline Casts
The kidneys are formed by two million units called nephrons that filter the blood and lead to the formation of
urine. Urinary casts are formed in the distal portion of the nephrons. Factors contributing to cast formation
include low flow rates, high salt concentration, and low pH. Hyaline casts can be seen in people who
exercise vigorously or who are on high carbohydrate diets. If persistent, hyaline casts suggest injury to the
kidneys including kidney disease.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /LPF
Urine - Granular Casts
The kidneys are formed by two million units called nephrons that filter the blood and lead to the formation of
urine. Urinary casts are formed in the distal portion of the nephrons. Factors contributing to cast formation
include low flow rates, high salt concentration, and low pH. Granular casts are consistent with kidney
disease.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /LPF
Urine - Casts
The kidneys are formed by two million units called nephrons that filter the blood and lead to the formation of
urine. Urinary casts are formed in the distal portion of the nephrons. Factors contributing to cast formation
include low flow rates, high salt concentration, and low pH. Although hyaline casts can sometimes be
observed in healthy people (in selected circumstances), most casts suggest injury to the kidneys including
kidney disease.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /LPF
Urine - Yeast
Yeasts may infect the urinary tract or may be present as a contaminant from the skin. A yeast infection is
usually accompanied by an increase in WBCs.
Your Result : NONE SEEN /HPF
Urine - Additional Comments
Your Result : NIL
15.00 mg/L
Microalbumin (urine)
Reference Range Microalbumin is a bit of a misnomer. The test detects albumin, the most abundant
1 - 30 mg/L
protein in the blood, in urine specimens. Normally no or only small amounts of albumin
are found in the urine. But with early impairment of kidney function, the microalbulim
level increases. For many individuals, an elevated microalbumin level, confirmed on repeat
testing, is the first evidence of kidney damage. The test is especially recommended
annually for individuals with diabetes and/or high blood pressure and for those with a
family history of chronic kidney disease. When detected early, kidney disease may be
treated and the progression to kidney failure slowed or halted.
Your Result : 15.00 mg/L
146 mg/dL
Creatinine - Urine
Reference Range Measurement of creatinine levels in urine is useful in the management of patients
20 - 370 mg/dL suffering from diabetes mellitus to assist in avoiding or delaying the onset of diabetic
renal disease.
Your Result : 146 mg/dL
Microalbumin (urine)/Creatinine ratio
The Microalbumin/creatinine ratio is a calculated value derived by dividing the microalbumin result by the
creatinine result. This ratio can be helpful in determining whether an elevated microalbumin is due to
impaired kidney function or to other factors such as dehydration, urinary blockage, or excessive blood loss.
Your Result : 10.5 mcg/mg creat
Laboratory comments:
The ADA (Diabetes Care 26:S94-S98, 2003) defines abnormalities in Albumin excretion as
follows: Category Result (mcg/mg Creatinine): Normal <30; Microalbuminuria 30-299; Clinical
Albuminuria > or = 300; The ADA recommends that at least two of three specimens collected
within a 3-6 month period be abnormal before considering a patient to be within a diagnostic
category. ;
The ADA (Diabetes Care 26:S94-S98, 2003) defines abnormalities in Albumin excretion as
follows: Category Result (mcg/mg Creatinine): Normal <30; Microalbuminuria 30-299; Clinical
Albuminuria > or = 300; The ADA recommends that at least two of three specimens collected
within a 3-6 month period be abnormal before considering a patient to be within a diagnostic
category. ;
Liver
The liver is the body's chief "chemical factory" and performs many varied and complex tasks. The liver
produces certain proteins such as albumin and the proteins that are involved in blood clotting. The liver
also produces about half of the total cholesterol in the body (the other half comes from food). The liver
filters blood from all over the body. Enzymes in the liver neutralize harmful or toxic substances such as
alcohol or medications which are then eliminated in either bile or blood. The liver also serves as a storage
site for sugars and lipids, which can be released when needed.
A liver (hepatic) function panel is a blood test to check how well the liver is working. High or low
levels may mean that liver damage or disease is present.
Your Risk of having a Disease associated with your Liver is: low
Source: Quest Diagnostics Clinical Reference Ranges
38 U/L
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Reference Range ALT and AST are enzymes produced primarily in the liver, skeletal and heart muscle. ALT
10 - 40 U/L
is present in the liver in a higher concentration than AST and is more specific for
differentiating liver injury from muscle damage.
Your result falls within the normal Reference Range and is not associated with liver
disease.
Your Result : 38 U/L
50 U/L
ALT (Alanine Transaminase)
Reference Range ALT is an enzyme, a type of protein that promotes chemical reactions. ALT is found in
9 - 60 U/L
the heart, kidneys, pancreas, and muscles with the highest amounts in the liver.
Accordingly, it is most often used as a test of liver function. When the liver is damaged,
ALT from liver cells is leaked into the blood circulation. Increases in ALT are associated
with liver damage due to infections, such as the common types of viral hepatitis, and
cirrhosis where the liver becomes scarred. ALT is used to detect the side effect of
certain drugs that cause liver damage. ALT is often interpreted with other tests of liver
function.
ALT levels within the reference range usually mean that there is no evidence of liver
damage. Results are often interpreted with other tests of liver function.
Your Result : 50 U/L
AST/ALT Ratio
The two enzymes AST and ALT are among the most common tests of liver function. When there is
destruction of liver cells, the dying cells release AST and ALT into the bloodstream. Assessing the ratio of
these two tests, when both are elevated, is sometimes useful in suggesting one type of liver disease over
others. In many forms of liver damage such as fatty infiltration of the liver, the AST/ALT ratio is equal to or
less than 1.0. In contrast, AST/ALT ratio greater than 2.0 is often associated with alcoholic hepatitis
(destruction of liver cells due to chronic alcohol abuse). There is considerable overlap among the different
medical conditions that cause increases in the level of AST and ALT and their ratio so caution is advised.
Your Result : 0.76 (calc)
5.2 g/dL
Albumin
Reference Range Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood circulation (approximately 60% of the
3.5 - 4.7 g/dL
total protein). It is produced by the liver. Albumin is important to maintain the necessary
pressure within the blood vessels so that substances don't leak out. Albumin binds to
many other substances in the blood including other proteins, sugars, and drugs.
Albumin levels can be slightly above the upper limit of the reference range. This has no
clinical significance. Higher levels of albumin usually means the absence of associated
diseases and malnutrition.
Your Result : 5.2 g/dL
1.1 g/dL (calc)
Reference Range
2.1 - 3.7 g/dL
(calc)
Globulin (Calculated)
Globulin is not measured directly. It is calculated as the difference between the total
protein and the albumin levels. The globulins are a group of about 60 different proteins
that are part of the immune system, which helps to fight or prevent infections. They also
play an important role in blood clotting, and serve as carrier proteins for hormones.
Your Result : 1.1 g/dL (calc)
4.7 (calc)
Albumin/Globulin Ratio
Reference Range The Albumin Globulin Ratio is derived by dividing the albumin result by the globulin result.
1 - 2.1 (calc)
The calculated ratio sometimes highlights an abnormality that is not obvious by reviewing
the individual test results.
A high value is usually of no significance. Always seek the advice of your physician or
qualified healthcare provider if you have any questions about your result.
Your Result : 4.7 (calc)
63 U/L
Alkaline Phosphatase
Reference Range Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme, a type of protein that promotes chemical reactions.
40 - 115 U/L
Akaline phosphatase is found in many parts of the body including the bones, with the
highest amounts in the liver. Accordingly, it is most often used as a test of liver function.
When the liver is damaged, alkaline phosphatase from liver cells is leaked into the blood
circulation. Increases in alkaline phosphatase are associated with liver damage due to
obstruction liver disease (for example, caused by gallstones) fatty liver (for example,
caused by excessive chronic alcoholic consumption), and cancer in the liver. Alkaline
phosphatase is often increased in bone disease and cancers that spread to the bones.
Levels can be increased by some drugs. Alkaline phosphatase is often interpreted with
other tests of liver function.
Alkaline phosphatase levels within the reference range usually mean that there is no
evidence of liver or bone damage or disease. Results are often interpreted with other
tests of liver function.
Your Result : 63 U/L
52 U/L
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
Reference Range Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme that is increased when there is
3 - 70 U/L
restricted blood flow to the liver as in congestive heart failure, biliary obstruction as in
gallstones, inflammation or destruction of the liver as in hepatitis, and in acute and
chronic alcohol use. GGT is also correlated with risk of developing diabetes.
Your Result : 52 U/L
1.1 mg/dL
Bilirubin Total
Reference Range Bilirubin is the main pigment in bile and a major product of normal red cell breakdown. It
0.2 - 1.2 mg/dL is helpful in evaluating liver function, various anemias and in evaluating jaundice,
yellowing of the skin.
Your Result : 1.1 mg/dL
0.2 mg/dL
Bilirubin Direct
Reference Range Bilirubin is the main pigment in bile and a major product of normal red cell breakdown. It
0 - 0.2 mg/dL
is helpful in evaluating liver function, various anemias and in evaluating jaundice,
yellowing of the skin.
Your Result : 0.2 mg/dL
0.8 mg/dL (calc)
Reference Range
0.2 - 1.2 mg/dL
(calc)
Bilirubin Indirect (Calculated)
Bilirubin is the main pigment in bile and a major product of normal red cell breakdown. It
is helpful in evaluating liver function, various anemias and in evaluating jaundice,
yellowing of the skin.
Your Result : 0.8 mg/dL (calc)
6.2 g/dL
Total Protein
Reference Range Total protein has two main components, albumin and globulin. The body's protein is
6.2 - 8.3 g/dL
derived from ingested food and therefore is influenced by the quality of diet, as well as by
liver and kidney function.
Your Result : 6.2 g/dL
General
The following tests cover additional organs and functions throughout the body.
67 pg/mL
PTH
Reference Range PTH is a hormone secreted by the small parathyroid glands adjacent to the thyroid gland
10 - 65 pg/mL
in the neck. PTH regulates the calcium concentration in the bood. PTH helps to release
calcium from the blood and therefore is usually interpreted with the calcium level. Too
much PTH may be due to a disorder of the parathyroid glands or inappropriate release due
the inavailability of the body to respond to signals to lower the level of PTH, as seen in
chronic kidney disease.
A high level of PTH is known as hyperparathyroidism. Causes include tumors of the
parathyroid glands and chronic kidney disease.
Your Result : 67 pg/mL
Vitamin D Total by LCMS
The term "vitamin D" refers to different forms of vitamin D. In humans, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is
produced by plants and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is produced in our skins after exposure to sunlight.
Vitamin D3 is converted from the inactive form to the active form by action of an enzyme produced in the
kidneys. Thus, even mild forms of chronic kidney disease may lead to deficiencies of the active form of
vitamin D3.
Vitamin D is essential in maintaining the right levels of calcium
and preserving bone strength. Individuals who are deficient in vitamin D are at increased risk of weakening
of the bones (oseteoporosis) and bone fractures, muscle weakness, high blood pressure, cancer, and several
forms of autoimmune disorders. Vitamin D deficiency is becoming increasingly common in India due to diets
with inadequate vitamin D and inadequate sunlight exposure. Women who are pregnant have higher needs
are particularly at high risk for vitamin D deficiency and bone loss. Infants who are exclusively breastfed are
also subject to vitamin D deficiency. Dietary sources of vitamin D include eggs, fish, and vitamin D fortified
milk.
High levels of vitamin D can be observed in individuals who consume very large amounts
of vitamin D supplements. This may lead to high levels of calcium and a range of
symptoms. Slightly elevated levels of vitamin D may reflect normal variation within the
population.
Your Result : 2
Vitamin D2
Your Result : 2
Vitamin D3
Your Result : 2
11.5 mg/dL
Calcium
Reference Range The normal adult skeleton is made up of 206 bones. Bone is composed of specialized cells
8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL and proteins as well as a hard mineral substance made of calcium phosphate and calcium
carbonate. Bone serves as a reservoir of calcium for the body. The bone marrow located
in the center of many bones produces the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Your Result : 11.5 mg/dL
13.0 g/dL
Hemoglobin
Reference Range The hemoglobin is a direct measurement of the amount of the most abundant protein
13.2 - 17.1 g/dL found within red blood cells. There is a direct relationship with the hematocrit when the
red blood cells are of normal size and shape. Thus when the ratio of hematocrit to
hemoglobin is out of range, there may be evidence of an underlying medical condition.
Blood banks typically focus on the hemoglobin rather than the hematocrit.
A low hemoglobin most often has the same causes as a decrease in the hematocrit.
Your Result : 13.0 g/dL
9.0 Thousand/uL
Reference Range
3.8 - 10.8
Thousand/uL
White Blood Cells (WBC)
White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes are the blood cells whose key function is to fight
infections and respond to inflammation. White blood cells circulate throughout the body
and also found in the lymphatic system that includes the lymph nodes and spleen. There
are five major types of white blood cells that are included in the differential of the
complete blood count (CBC).
A white blood cell count within the reference range often suggests the absence of
infection or inflammation.
Your Result : 9.0 Thousand/uL
49.0 %
% Neutrophils
Reference Range Another way to express the neutrophils is as a percent of the total white blood cell count.
40 - 75 %
In an acute infection, especially of bacterial origin, the number and the percent of
neutrophils increases. If the white blood cell count is elevated and the percent of
neutrophils is within the reference range, there may be non-specific inflammation.
Your Result : 49.0 %
32.0 %
% Lymphocytes
Reference Range Another way to express the lymphocytes is as a percent of the total white blood cell
16 - 46 %
count. In an acute infection, especially of viral origin, the number and the percent of
lymphocytes increases.
Your Result : 32.0 %
2.1 %
% Monocytes
Reference Range Another way to express the monocytes is as a percent of the total white blood cell count.
0 - 12 %
Your Result : 2.1 %
2.2 %
% Eosinophils
Reference Range Another way to express the eosinophils is as a percent of the total white blood cell count.
0-7%
Your Result : 2.2 %
1.8 %
% Basophils
Reference Range Another way to express the basophils is as a percent of the total white blood cell count.
0-2%
Your Result : 1.8 %
0.0 /100 WBC
NRBC %
Reference Range Another way to express the nucleated red blood cell count is as a percent of the total
0 /100 WBC
white blood cell count.
Your Result : 0.0 /100 WBC
5020 cells/uL
Reference Range
1500 - 7800
cells/uL
Neutrophils
Neutrophilic granulocytes ("neutrophils") are the most abundant white blood cell.
Neutrophils are an essential component of the immune system. They respond to bacterial
infections and other types of inflammation. In an infection, neutrophils seep out of the
blood vessels in response to factors released as sites of infection. The predominant cells
in pus that we observe in a wound are neutrophils.
There is a low likelihood of an acute infection because the number of neutrophils typically
increases in the presence of an acute infection, especially of bacterial origin.
Your Result : 5020 cells/uL
3010 cells/uL
Reference Range
850 - 3900
cells/uL
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes is the second most common white blood cell. Lymphocytes are divided into
larger cells that are also known as natural killer lymphocytes and smaller cells known as
B and T lymphocytes. Natural killer cells are important in our immune system to defend
against tumors and viral infections. They respond to alterations in the surface of tumor
cells and infected cells. B and T lymphocytes adapt to infected cells by either a cellular
response mediated by T lymphocytes or antibodies mediated by B lymphocytes.
There is a low likelihood of an acute infection because the number of lymphocytes
typically increases in the presence of an acute infection, especially of viral origin.
Your Result : 3010 cells/uL
220 cells/uL
Monocytes
Reference Range Monocytes, like the other white blood cells, originate in the bone marrow, the complex
200 - 950 cells/uL spaces within many of our larger bones. Monocytes are responsible for eating
(phagocytosis) of foreign intruders and killing infected cells. Monocytes are important in
triggering atherosclerosis that affects the arteries and can lead to heart disease and
stroke.
Your Result : 220 cells/uL
220 cells/uL
Eosinophils
Reference Range Eosinophilic granulocytes ("eosinophils") are part of our immune system's response to
15 - 500 cells/uL infection including from parasites. Eosinophils, along with basophils and mast cells, are
important in allergic responses and in asthma.
A parasitic infection or moderate to severe allergic reaction of asthmatic symptoms are
unlikely. In these medical conditions, the eosinophil count is typically increased to greater
than 500 cells per microliter with the count somewhat correlated to the severity of
disease.
Your Result : 220 cells/uL
210 cells/uL
Basophils
Reference Range Basophilic granulocytes ("basophils") are the least common of the five white blood cell
0 - 200 cells/uL types. When activated, basophils secrete or release many compounds including histamine
and interleukin-4. Both compounds are important in the allergic response.
A very high basophil count may be evidence of a malignant condition of the bone marrow
or lymphatic system. Further studies are required.
Your Result : 210 cells/uL
4.8 Million/uL
Reference Range
4.2 - 5.8
Million/uL
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
RBC refers to red blood cells. The RBC is directly measured and when multiplied by the
average size of the red blood cells (known as the MCV) equals the hematocrit. When the
RBC count is out of proportion to the other red blood cell indicies there may be an
underlying medical condition. In thalassemia trait, the RBC may be within range or
slightly above the upper limit of the reference range. In contrast, with iron deficiency,
the RBC tends to be lower.
There is no evidence of anemia especially if other red blood cell indices are within range.
Your Result : 4.8 Million/uL
41.0 %
Hematocrit
Reference Range The hematocrit or "packed cell volume" is the fractional volume of a blood specimen that
38.5 - 50 %
is cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). The greatest portion of the
hematocrit is red blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. A
low hematocrit is consistent with anemia. There are many causes of anemia including
deficiencies of iron, folate, and vitamin B12. Thalassemia is also associated with
anemia In thalassemia there is insufficient production of one of the two protein
components that form hemoglobin, the primary protein within red blood cells. In contrast,
a high hematocrit may be associated with polycythemia vera, a myeloproliferative
disorder of the bone marrow.
There is no evidence of anemia especially if other red blood cell indices are within range.
Your Result : 41.0 %
91.0 fL
MCV
Reference Range The MCV is the mean corpuscular volume or the average volume of red blood cells. This
80 - 100 fL
important red blood cell index is the diagnosis of common causes of anemia.
An MCV in the reference range may be consistent with the absence of iron deficiency and
thalassemia (associated with low MCV) and folate or vitamin B12 deficiency (associated
with high MCV) however sometimes combined deficiencies and medical conditions may be
present that offset the impact of MCV.
Your Result : 91.0 fL
30.0 pg
MCH
Reference Range The MCH is the average amount of hemoglobin inside a RBC. The MCH is calculated by
26.9 - 33 pg
dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the RBC count.
Your Result : 30.0 pg
35.0 g/dL
MCHC
Reference Range The MCHC is the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. It is the calculation of the
32 - 36 g/dL
percentage of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the individual red blood cells
Your Result : 35.0 g/dL
16.0 %
RDW
Reference Range The RDW is the red blood cell distribution width, reflecting the variation in red blood cell
11 - 15 %
size. For example, after multiple blood transfusions, there is typically increased variation
in red blood cell size and high RDW values. The RDW is best interpreted with the MCV.
A RDW above the reference range coupled with a low MCV is consistent with iron
deficiency and beta-thalassemia. The combination of high RDW and MCV within the
reference range is consistent with early iron, folate, or vitamin B12 deficiencies, an
unusual form of hemoglobin such as sickle cell trait, or disturbances in the bone marrow
where red blood cells are produced. Finally, when both RDW and MCV are elevated, there
may be deficiency of folate or vitamin B12, a cold agglutinin or antibodies that destroy
red blood cells.
Your Result : 16.0 %
335 Thousand/uL
Reference Range
140 - 400
Thousand/uL
Platelet Count
In the strict sense, platelets are not cells because they do not contain a nucleus.
Platelets circulate in the blood and are of key importance in blood clotting. A very low
platelet count may lead to spontaneous bleeding or an inability to stop bleeding. A very
high platelet count may cause spontaneous blood clots that can lead to heart attacks,
strokes, and other adverse medical conditions.
A platelet count within the reference range doesn't guarantee that platelets will act
properly. The platelets can display inadequate function (or "dysfunction"). Platelet
dysfunction may be due to drugs such as aspirin or to a medical condition.
Your Result : 335 Thousand/uL
12.0 fL
MPV
Reference Range The mean platelet volume (or "MPV") is a parameter that reflects platelet production.
7.5 - 11.5 fL
When production is high, the MPV is increased. High platelet production can be in
response to increased bleeding and loss of platelets or in response to increased
destruction.
A high MPV may suggest an active bone marrow in response to bleeding, blood loss, or
platelet destruction. There is a correlation between persistently elevated MPV and risk
for heart disease and stroke.
Your Result : 12.0 fL
156.0 mcg/dL
Iron
Reference Range Iron plays many important roles in the body. Hemoglobin is the iron-rich protein present in
45 - 175 mcg/dL red blood cells. Hemoglobin allows the red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs to
all of the body tissues, and to carry carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs
where carbon dioxide is exhaled. Iron is best interpreted with the Total Iron Binding
Capacity (TIBC).
Your Result : 156.0 mcg/dL
552 mcg/dL
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
Reference Range The Total Iron Binding Capacity or TIBC, reflects the total capacity of the blood to carry
250 - 450 mcg/dL iron. Although TIBC is not interpreted on its own, it is useful in conjunction with the iron
to calculate the % saturation and ferritin. In iron deficiency anemia, the iron level and the
% saturation will be low while the TIBC may be elevated.
Your Result : 552 mcg/dL
28 % (calc)
% Transferrin Saturation
Reference Range Iron and TIBC (total iron binding capacity) are best interpretted together and with their
20 - 50 % (calc) ratio that is known as Percent Transferrin Saturation or % Saturation. In simple iron
deficiency that is common throughout India, especially among women who are pregnant
and growing children, iron levels are low, TIBC is increased, and the % Saturation is low
(less than 20%). This can lead to anemia (insufficient number of red blood cells that
carry oxygen throughout the body). In anemia of chronic disease, both the iron and TIBC
are often low with the % Saturation slightly low or within the reference range. In protein
depletion, iron is slightly low or within the reference range, TIBC is low, and % Saturation
is slightly increased. In iron overload that may affect organ function (known as
hemochromatosis), the iron level is increased, TIBC may be slightly low, and the %
Saturation is greatly increased (greater than 50%). Thus by looking at iron, TIBC, and %
Saturation together with other medical information, important diagnoses may be made
that are often treatable.
Although the % Saturation is within the reference range, the test is best interpreted with
the iron and TIBC. If all are within the reference range, there is unlikely to be iron
deficiency or iron overload.
Your Result : 28 % (calc)
3.2 ng/mL
PSA
Reference Range The prostate is a walnut sized gland in men that is adjacent to the urinary bladder. The
0 - 3.9 ng/mL
prostate produces seminal fluid. Prostate cancer is among the most common cancers
among men with incidence increasing with age. Early detection of prostate cancer is
important to treat it when cure is most likely. Early detection of prostate cancer
involves a blood test, PSA (prostate specific antigen) and a digital rectal examination by a
physician (feeling the prostate for enlarged size and irregularities (nodules)).
Prostate cancer is highly unlikely unless you have had your prostate previously removed.
For men who have had their prostate removed, the expected level is < 0.1 ng/mL.
Your Result : 3.2 ng/mL
Laboratory comments:
PSA values from different assay methods cannot be used interchangeably. This assay was
performed using the BECKMAN ACCESS IMMUNOASSAY. ;
453 ng/dL
Testosterone
Reference Range Testosterone, the principal male sex hormone, is secreted primarily in the testes in men
241 - 827 ng/dL and the ovaries in women. Men typically have much higher levels than women.
Testosterone plays a critical role in men's sexual function and well-being. With aging,
testosterone levels decline. Identification of inadequate testosterone in an aging male by
symptoms alone can be challenging; the signs and symptoms are non-specific, and might
be confused with normal aging characteristics, such as loss of muscle mass and bone
density, decreased physical endurance, and loss of libido. There is no widely accepted
definition of what is considered too low a level of testosterone that defines
hypogonadism.
There is no evidence of testosterone deficiency. If still suspected, it may be useful to
measure free testosterone.
Your Result : 453 ng/dL
Better Health
Better Future
Better You
Your Wellness
Abhishek, There are many factors that contribute to your
overall wellbeing, good health, and a better you. In the first
part of this report, you are presented with your diagnostics
results. However, on your journey you must also remember
the simple, basic steps that add up to a healthier lifestyle,
such as:
• Weight Management
• Stress Reduction
• Good Nutrition
• Regular Exercise
www.quest4health.com
Abhishek,here are some steps to help improve our health.
Based on your information, the below three issues are important areas that you should focus on. While you may
have more than three risk factors, we believe these three are the most important for you to take action upon. We
also strongly recommend that you talk to your doctor about these suggestions and steps you can take for better
health in future.
Tobacco
Your value:yes
Action Plan
Using tobacco increases your chance of developing certain forms of cancer, heart disease, and respiratory
diseases. By continuing not to smoke or use tobacco products, you are contributing to a healthier, better
you. Start by setting a date to quit. It is recommended that you pick a date where you do not expect
extra stressors in your life. Prior to quitting, it is important to identify the times you frequently smoke
such as immediately following lunch or dinner, and identify an alternate behavior to fill the time you would
normally spend smoking. Nicotine is the componentof tobacco that is highly addictive, therefore it is
recommended to consider using nicotine replacement medications when quitting. When considering
nicotine replacement therapy, your physician or pharmacist can assist you in choosing the correct nicotine
replacement medications. Take action now! Write your Quit Date down now!
Body Mass Index(BMI)
Your value:24.2
Action Plan
Whether you are at your ideal weight or considered overweight, weight management is important.
Successfully managing your weight plays a large roll in successfully managing your cholesterol,
triglycerides, and risk for conditions such as arthritis and diabetes. Always remember that you are an
example for children and friends. You can help them stay at their ideal weight by guiding them to eat
healthy low-fat food and spend time together playing games that are physically active or taking walks
together.
Blood Pressure
Your value:111/88
Action Plan
High blood pressure is often called the silent killer because many people have it for years without
recognizing that they are ill. Based on your results from the Blueprint for Wellness you have been
identified as being at risk for high blood pressure. For many people, blood pressure can be controlled by
loosing weight if you are overweight and becoming physically active. There are also, pharmaceutical
methods for controlling high blood pressure, it is important to work closely with your physician to build a
plan to control your blood pressure.
Stress
Stress can be the catalyst for high blood pressure and even heart disease. Everyone benefits from learning how to
manage stressful times. Some of the signs and symptoms of stress issues are lack of concentration, irritability,
anger, overeating, and sleep difficulties. There are some very simple things you can do to help manage the tough
situations that cause stress, such as finding the positive side of things or lighten the difficult situation by using
humor.
Nutrition
Here a couple great tips to help you practice good nutrition. 1. Keep and eye on your portions: Think about using
a snack size zip lock bag when taking food to the office or giving food to children. The snack size is about right for
most foods and would be considered a regular portion. 2. Stay away from processed foods: If you cannot say or
read all of the ingredients in the product don't buy it.
Exercise
Having trouble fitting exercise in? Here are some tips. 1. Do you make time for your favorite TV shows: How
about walking on a treadmill, biking, or lifting weights while watching your shows? 2. Make your chores count: If
you mow the yard or mop the floor do your chores at a little faster pace than normal to get your heart rate up. 3.
Use time with family wisely: When having family time take a walk together or plan family activities that include
physical activity. This is not only good for you, but it will set a great example for the rest of your family.
Abhishek, below is your Pyramid Food Intake Pattern Calorie Levels
AGES
SEDENTARY*
MODERATE ACTIVTY*
ACTIVE*
19-20
21-25
26-30
31-35
36-40
41-45
46-50
51-55
56-60
61-65
66-70
71-75
76 and up
2600
2400
2400
2400
2400
2200
2200
2200
2200
2000
2000
2000
2000
2600-2800
2600-2800
2600-2800
2400-2600
2400-2600
2400-2600
2400-2600
2200-2400
2200-2400
2200-2400
2200-2400
2200-2400
2200-2400
3000
3000
3000
2800-3000
2800-3000
2800-3000
2800-3000
2400-2800
2400-2800
2400-2800
2400-2800
2400-2800
2400-2800
SedentaryParticipating in less than 30 minutes of moderate physical* activity in additional to daily activity.
Moderate ActivityParticipating in at least 30 minutes, up to 60 minutes a day of moderate physical activity* in addition to daily
activities.
Moderate Physical Activity: Activities that use large muscle groups such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming.
ActiveParticipating in 60 or moreminutes a day of moderate physical activity* in addition to daily activity.
*Calorie levels are based on the Estimated Energy Requirements and activity levels from the Institute of Medicine Dietary
Reference Intakes Macronutrients Report, 2002
Preventive Screenings
Being healthy also requires being responsible for regularly monitoring your well-being. According to your age and gender, there
are several preventive screenings you should consider. Use this information to help keep you on the road to good health. It’s
also always important to schedule regular checkups with your physician.
SCREENING TESTS
AGES 65 AND
OLDER
AGES 18-39
AGES 40-49
AGES 50-64
At least every 2 years
At least every 2 years
At least every 2 years
At least every 2 years
Start at age 20 discuss with
your doctor or nurse.
Adults who have any of the
following risk factors:*
- Family history of high
cholesterol
- Premature Heart Disease in
a first-degree relative†
- Diabetes
- Smoker or Former Smoker
- High blood pressure *
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
Adults who have any of the
following risk factors:*
- Family history of high
cholesterol
- Premature Heart Disease in
a first-degree relative†
- Diabetes
- Smoker or Former Smoker
- High blood pressure *
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
Adults who have any of the
following risk factors:*
- Family history of high
cholesterol
- Premature Heart Disease in
a first-degree relative†
- Diabetes
- Smoker or Former Smoker
- High blood pressure *
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
Start at age 45 then every 3
years.
Every 3 years
Every 3 years
(American Cancer Society, 2007)
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
The American Cancer Society
recommends that health care
professionals should offer a
Digital Rectal Exam yearly.*
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse.
The American Cancer Society
recommends that health care
professionals should offer a
Digital Rectal Exam yearly.*
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse.
Prostate-Specific Antigen,
PSA Blood Test
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
The American Cancer Society
recommends that health care
professionals should offer the
prostate-specific antigen
(PSA) blood test yearly.*
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse.
The American Cancer Society
recommends that health care
professionals should offer the
prostate-specific antigen
(PSA) blood test yearly.*
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse.
Monthly self-exam; and part
of a general checkup*
Monthly self-exam; and part
of a general checkup*
Monthly self-exam; and part
of a general checkup*
Yearly*
Yearly*
Every 10 Years
Every 10 Years
Yearly*
Yearly*
Heart Health
Blood Pressure Test
(US Preventative Task Force, 2003)
Cholesterol Test
(National Heart Lung and Blood
Institute, 2002)
Diabetes
Blood Glucose Test
(American Diabetes Association, 2006)
Prostate Health
Digital Rectal Exam
(American Cancer Society, 2007)
Reproductive Health
Testicular Exam
(American Cancer Society 2008)
Monthly self-exam; and part
of a general checkup*
Colorectal Health
Fecal occult blood test
(Centers for Disease Control, 2006)
Colonoscopy
(Centers for Disease Control, 2006)
Immunization
Flu Shot
(Centers for Disease Control, 2006)
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
* Discuss with your doctor or nurse.
† Before age 55 in men or age 65 in women
Discuss with your doctor or
nurse
Your medical summary report is below. Be sure to share this information with your doctor. At Quest Diagnostics,
we take our commitment to your good health far beyond the laboratory. That’s why we apply our ideals of quality,
service and innovation to other aspects of health care such as the Blueprint for Wellness program.
As the leader in laboratory diagnostics, we believe that diagnosis is just one step to wellness. Helping you
understand and prevent disease is our priority. If you have any questions please call 1-800-180-TEST or 1-800102-TEST.Representatives are available Monday through Friday, 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. IST.
Medical Summary Report
Abhishek
27 Years
165 Cm.
Blood Pressure
111.0/88.0
Result from
Nov 28, 2008
Male
66 Kg.
Heart (Cardiac) 04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
Blood Tests
Cholesterol Total
Reference Range
125 - 200 mg/dL
HDL Cholesterol
201
201
166
215
T. Cholesterol/HDL Ratio
Reference Range
0 - 4.9 (calc)
3.0
3.0
3.0
42
42
55
44
155
155
155
155
155
171
155
171
0.49
0.43
0.49
3.0
Reference Range
38 - 152 mg/dL
Apolipoprotein A1
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
Apolipoprotein B
Reference Range
52 - 109 mg/dL
Reference Range
31 - 76 mg/dL
Triglycerides
Cardio CRP
Reference Range
0 - 3 mg/L
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
Reference Range
94 - 176 mg/dL
Apolipoprotein A1:B Ratio
66
85
66
85
80
80
Reference Range
0.29 - 1.3 (calc)
0.43
Direct LDL Cholesterol (Calculated)
Reference Range
90 - 130 mg/dL
(calc)
80
80
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
Pancreas
(Diabetes) Blood
Tests
Glucose
Hgb A1c
Reference Range
65 - 99 mg/dL
88
Kidney Tests
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
120
125
112
BUN (Urea Nitrogen)
Reference Range
7 - 25 mg/dL
14
Reference Range
4.0
4 - 6 % of total Hgb
5.2
5.8
5.1
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
Sodium
14
26
16
Reference Range
135 - 146 mmol/L
Potassium
Reference Range
3.5 - 5.3 mmol/L
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
141
131
141
131
111
99
111
99
Chloride
5.0
6.1
5.0
6.1
Reference Range
98 - 110 mmol/L
Creatinine
Reference Range
0.5 - 1.3 mg/dL
eGFR
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.2
Reference Range
> 60 - 200
mL/min/1.73m2
BUN/Creatinine ratio
Reference Range
6 - 22 (calc)
14.00
>60
14.00
Reference Range
8 - 12 mmol/L
-3
7.5
8.0
7.5
Urine - Glucose
Urine - Ketone
1.031
Urine - Blood
Urine - Protein
NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT
IVE
IVE
IVE
IVE
Urine - Nitrite
NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT
IVE
IVE
IVE
IVE
Urine - Luekocyte Esterase
Urine - Red Blood Cells (RBC)
NONE
SEEN
NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT
IVE
IVE
IVE
IVE
Urine - White Blood Cells (WBC)
NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT
IVE
IVE
IVE
IVE
0-5
Reference Range
/HPF
NONE
SEEN
0-5
NONE
SEEN
0-5
0-5
NONE
SEEN
0-5
1-3
NONE
SEEN
1-3
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
15.00
14.00
15.00
10
10.5
Urine - Squamous Epithelial Cells
NONE
SEEN
0-5
Urine - Transitional Epithelial Cells
Reference Range
/HPF
NONE
SEEN
Urine - Renal Epithelial Cells
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
FEW
NONE
SEEN
FEW
FEW
NONE
SEEN
FEW
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
Urine - Bacteria
Reference Range
/HPF
NONE
SEEN
Urine - Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Urine - Triple Phosphate Crystals
NONE
SEEN
NONE
SEEN
Reference Range
Few /HPF
NONE
SEEN
Urine - Uric Acid Crystals
Urine - Amorphic Cells
Reference Range
Few /HPF
Urine - Crystals
Urine - Hyaline Casts
Reference Range
None Seen /HPF
Urine - Granular Casts
Urine - Casts
Reference Range
None Seen /LPF
Urine - Yeast
Urine - Additional Comments
Reference Range
None Seen /HPF
Microalbumin (urine)
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
144
146
144
146
Creatinine - Urine
Reference Range
20 - 370 mg/dL
1.030
NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT
IVE
IVE
IVE
IVE
NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT
IVE
IVE
IVE
IVE
Reference Range
/LPF
1.031
Urine - Bilirubin
NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT NEGAT
IVE
IVE
IVE
IVE
Reference Range
None Seen /LPF
-5
CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR
1.030
Reference Range
Few /HPF
-3
Urine - Specific Gravity
8.0
Reference Range
Few /HPF
-5
Urine - Appearance
Urine - pH
Reference Range
None Seen /HPF
>60
13.4
DARK LIGHT DARK LIGHT
YELLO YELLO YELLO YELLO
W
W
W
W
Reference Range
/HPF
>60
Anion Gap (Calculated)
13.4
Urine - Color
Reference Range
/HPF
>60
Reference Range
1 - 30 mg/L
14.00
Microalbumin (urine)/Creatinine ratio
Reference Range
mcg/mg creat
10
10.5
Liver
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
Reference Range
10 - 40 U/L
44
62
ALT (Alanine Transaminase)
61
38
AST/ALT Ratio
Reference Range
(calc)
1
1.00
1
1.1
1.0
1.1
44
63
44
63
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.8
General
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
0.8
PTH
66
67
66
67
2
2
2
2
5.2
Reference Range
1 - 2.1 (calc)
4.7
5.0
4.7
5.0
Reference Range
3 - 70 U/L
66
52
66
52
Reference Range
0 - 0.2 mg/dL
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
Reference Range
6.2 - 8.3 g/dL
6.0
6.2
6.0
6.2
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
14.0
13.0
14.0
13.0
50.0
49.0
50.0
49.0
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.8
5000
5020
5000
5020
200
220
200
220
200
210
200
210
Hemoglobin
11.0
11.5
11.0
11.5
White Blood Cells (WBC)
10.0
Reference Range
13.2 - 17.1 g/dL
% Neutrophils
9.0
10.0
9.0
% Lymphocytes
Reference Range
40 - 75 %
% Monocytes
30.0
32.0
30.0
32.0
% Eosinophils
Reference Range
0 - 12 %
% Basophils
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.2
NRBC %
Reference Range
0-2%
Neutrophils
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Lymphocytes
Reference Range
1500 - 7800
cells/uL
Monocytes
Reference Range
3000
850 - 3900 cells/uL
3010
3000
3010
Eosinophils
Reference Range
15 - 500 cells/uL
5.0
Vitamin D3
Calcium
Reference Range
0 /100 WBC
5.2
Vitamin D Total by LCMS
Vitamin D2
Reference Range
0-7%
5.0
Total Protein
Reference Range
0.2 - 1.2 mg/dL
(calc)
Reference Range
16 - 46 %
50
Bilirubin Direct
Bilirubin Indirect (Calculated)
Reference Range
3.8 - 10.8
Thousand/uL
61
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)
Bilirubin Total
Reference Range
8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
62
Albumin/Globulin Ratio
Alkaline Phosphatase
Reference Range
10 - 65 pg/mL
44
0.76
Reference Range
3.5 - 4.7 g/dL
Reference Range
1.0
2.1 - 3.7 g/dL (calc)
Reference Range
0.2 - 1.2 mg/dL
Reference Range
9 - 60 U/L
Albumin
Globulin (Calculated)
Reference Range
40 - 115 U/L
04/04 06/11 08/19 11/28
Reference Range
200 - 950 cells/uL
Basophils
200
220
200
220
Reference Range
0 - 200 cells/uL
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Reference Range
5.00
4.2 - 5.8 Million/uL
Hematocrit
4.8
5.00
4.8
MCV
Reference Range
80 - 100 fL
90.0
91.0
90.0
91.0
35.0
35.0
35.0
41.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
15.0
16.0
15.0
16.0
10.0
12.0
10.0
12.0
MPV
333
335
333
335
Reference Range
7.5 - 11.5 fL
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
155.0
156.0
155.0
156.0
Reference Range
250 - 450 mcg/dL
555
552
555
552
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.2
PSA
28
28
28
28
444
453
444
453
Testosterone
Reference Range
241 - 827 ng/dL
Reference Range
26.9 - 33 pg
Reference Range
11 - 15 %
% Transferrin Saturation
Reference Range
20 - 50 % (calc)
40.0
35.0
Iron
Reference Range
45 - 175 mcg/dL
41.0
RDW
Platelet Count
Reference Range
140 - 400
Thousand/uL
40.0
MCH
MCHC
Reference Range
32 - 36 g/dL
Reference Range
38.5 - 50 %
Reference Range
0 - 3.9 ng/mL