AIM: WHAT WERE THE EARLY
FORMS OF MAN LIKE?
 Mr. Gilmore
 Sociology
 Cordova High School
I. EARLY HUMANS
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A.
Man belongs to Homo-sapiens “Thinking Humans”
Homo Habilis – tool making
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Used tools for cutting and hunting
Found in Ethiopia 3.5 million years ago
40 lbs small body
Males hunted meat stronger bones/brains
Females raised children scavengers/gatherers
1974 Lucy found earliest forms of man
HOMO SAPIANS
HOMO HABILIS
Homo Habilis skull
Modern human skull
B. HOMO ERECTUS
 ¼ million years ago
 1st to walk up right
 Bigger brains and skulls
 Female Pelvis changed for births
 Created and used fire
 Constructed axes and modern weapons
 Kept animals cooked by fire health improved
 Started family units
HOMO ERECTUS
W H A T D I F F E R E N C E S D O YO U S E E
BETWEEN HABILIS & ERECTUS?
C. NEANDERTHAL
 500,000 years ago
 Much more advanced moved into Europe and Asia
 Able to adapt to cold, better clothing
 Bigger bones, muscles and jaws/chins
 Nomadic followed herds
 Ritual Burials “an after life”
 Lived 20 years less body hair more clothing
NEANDERTHAL MAN
W H A T D I F F E R E N C E S D O YO U S E E
BETWEEN NEANDERTHAL &
ERECTUS?
D. CRO-MAGNON
 Modern humans
 Strong form of communication, linguistics
 Sewed clothing kept warm
 Made clay pots, fired, & cooked
 Musical instruments
 Burial status and class system
CRO MAGNON MAN
W H A T D I F F E R E N C E S D O YO U S E E
BETWEEN NEANDERTHAL & CRO
M AG N O N M A N ?
NEANDERTHAL & CRO
MAGNON SKULLS
II. EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
 Humans have always tried to come to terms with Environment
 Labor Divided by sex
• Males: Hunters, Builders, Protection, Society
• Females: Gathering, Care for young, Domestic tasks
A. PALEOLITHIC AGE
 2.6 million years ago to 10,000 years ago
 Stone Age, with temporary Ice Ages mixed in
 Made tools from stone, wood, and bone
 Hunter-gatherers formed small band societies
 No more than 100 people and generally all related
 Religious practices seen as early as 300,000 years ago
 Intentional burial with grave goods
 Cave paintings (30,000 years ago) show belief in supernatural,
often tied to animal worship
 Totems (figurines) of an earth goddess are plentiful
B. MESOLITHIC AGE
 c. 15,000 – 5,000 BCE
 Better, more refined tools
 Semi-permanent settlements with domesticated animals
 Stronger cultural identities
C. NEOLITHIC AGE
 Started in the Middle East around 10,000 BC
 Began farming
 Allowed for larger populations
 People had to stay in one place
 Start of civilization
 Beginnings of social
stratification
 Ownership of livestock allowed
for inherited wealth
 Evidence of warfare, defensive
walls