1. According to Piaget, in the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate
a. object permanence
b. comprehension of 10-5=5 is a transformation of 5+5=10
c. evidence of assimilation
d. the ability to comprehend if….then hypothetical situations
2. Lambs raised in the barn where cattle are kept tend to stay near the cattle when placed in open
pasture. This best demonstrates a process known as
a. assimilation
b. imprinting
c. conservation
d. accommodation
3. Erik Erikson suggested that children with a secure attachment to their parents are most likely to
experience
a. stranger anxiety
b. egocentrism
c. basic trust
d. habituation
4. The Johnsons make rules that their children are required to follow. They explain the reasons for their
rules and invite their teenagers to help form new rules. Psychologists would characterize their
parenting style as
a. authoritative
b. authoritarian
c. rejecting-neglecting
d. none of these
5. Fred has no goals for finding a job in which he is happy. He has switched college majors several times,
and he recently decided to drop out of college and move to Colorado. Erikson would suggest that Fred
lacks
a. identity
b. initiative
c. trust
d. competence
6. According to Erikson, later adulthood is to integrity as young adulthood is to
a. autonomy
b. initiative
c. intimacy
d. identity
7. Twenty-year-olds would most likely outperform 60-year-olds on an art history exam in which they
had to
a. list as many famous artists as possible
b. match paintings with famous painters
c. pick an artist’s country of birth on a multiple choice test
d. all of these
8. Tonya asks people of different ages to complete a measure of life satisfaction. She compares levels of
satisfaction across various age levels. Tonya is conducting a ____ study.
a. longitudinal
b. factor analysis
c. cross-sectional
d. psychoanalytic
9. Formal operational thought is most similar to
a. fluid intelligence
b. generativity
c. conventional morality
d. crystallized intelligence
10. As boys with hot tempers grow older, they are especially likely to have difficulty maintaining good
jobs and happy marriages. This fact is most relevant to the issue of
a. fluid or crystallized intelligence
b. stability or change
c. continuity or stages
d. concrete or formal operational thought
11. Identical twins separated at birth and raised in completely different cultures would be likely to have
similar
a. family influences
b. religious beliefs
c. temperaments
d. cultural schemas
12. The impact of rewards and punishments on gender-typing is most clearly emphasized by
a. evolutionary psychology
b. gender schema theory
c. behavior genetics
d. social learning theory
13. The best evidence that day-old human infants possess visual memory capacity comes from ______
studies.
a. habituation
b. imprinting
c. rooting reflex
d. object permanence
14. Three-year-old Jenny calls all four-legged animals “kitties.” Her tendency to view data in terms of
her existing schemas is called
a. assimilation
b. accommodation
c. egocentrism
d. attachment
15. According to Piaget, children in the preoperational stage are able to
a. represent objects with words and images
b. reason and test hypotheses
c. understand the world only through their senses
d. think logically about things they can hold
16. The discovery that 3-month-old children stare at impossible outcomes demonstrates that Piaget
a. underestimated the importance of attachment
b. overestimated the impact of culture on intelligence
c. underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants
d. all of these
17. Five-year-old Tammy believes that her short, wide glass contains less Coke than her brother’s tall
glass even though she saw both glasses being poured from an identically sized can of Coke. Tammy
lacked the concept of
a. conservation
b. egocentrism
c. assimilation
d. object permanence
18. Although Mr. Martin was obviously absorbed in reading the newspaper, his 5-year-old daughter
kept interrupting him with questions about Sesame Street. Before he yells at her for being
inconsiderate, Mr. Ton needs to know about Piaget’s concept of
a. object permanence
b. habituation
c. conservation
d. egocentrism
19. According to Piaget, the preoperational stage is to the concrete operational stage as ____ is to _____.
a. assimilation; accommodation
b. object permanence; stranger anxiety
c. egocentrism; conservation
d. responsive parenting; temperament
20. In recognizing the inaccuracies of one’s own ethnic stereotypes and revising his or her beliefs, an
individual most clearly illustrates the process of
a. habituation
b. accommodation
c. assimilation
d. imprinting
21. The process by which birds form attachments during a critical period very early in life is called:
a. attachment
b. bonding.
c. imprinting.
d. habituation.
22. In an unfamiliar but pleasant setting, 2-year-olds with an insecure attachment to their mothers are
likely to:
a. demonstrate low levels of stranger anxiety.
b. confidently leave their mother's side and explore their surroundings.
c. feel happy when their mothers leave them.
d. show indifference toward their mothers when they return after a period of absence.
23. Research on social relationships indicates that most American adolescents:
a. seldom experience feelings of loneliness.
b. feel they get along well with their parents.
c. want to avoid emotionally close relationships with peers.
d. experience mostly positive relationships with peers and mostly negative relationships with parents.
24. Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him.
Nageeb's altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of:
a. attachment.
b. habituation.
c. assimilation.
d. accommodation.
25. Compared with adults from Western cultures that favor individualism, those from Eastern societies
who favor collectivism would probably be less likely to develop ________ morality.
a. preconventional
b. conventional
c. postconventional
d. social intuitionist
26. When adults of varying ages were tested for their memory of a list of 24 words, the older adults
demonstrated:
a. no decline in either recall or recognition.
b. a decline in recall but not in recognition.
c. a decline in recognition but not in recall.
d. a decline in both recognition and recall.
27. A student who does not cheat on tests because he realizes that he will break the rules of the school
is in Kohlberg's ________ stage.
a. preconventional
b. preoperational
c. conventional
d. postconventional
28. Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity for:
a. competence.
b. intimacy.
c. autonomy.
d. trust.
29.Erikson's theory, the sense of integrity achieved in late adulthood refers to the feeling that:
a. one's life has been meaningful.
b. one is healthy and not dependent upon others.
c. one is acting ethically.
d. one's life is full of close friendships.
30. Vincent's ability to test hypotheses successfully in his geometry class indicates he is in the ________
stage of development.
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operational
d. formal operational
31. Timmy, the youngest child of a high school athletic director, was able to roll over at 3 months, crawl
at 6 months, and walk at 12 months. This ordered sequence of motor development was largely due to:
a. imprinting.
b. cultural norms.
c. maturation.
d. parental encouragement.
32. Those who emphasize the overriding importance of a person’s natural temperament in personality
development most clearly focus on the importance of:
a. habituation.
b. change.
c. stages.
d. nature.
33. The developing human organism from approximately 8 weeks after conception to birth is known as
a(n):
a. neonate.
b. fetus.
c. embryo.
d. zygote.
34. If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the
fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):
a. neurotransmitter.
b. FAS.
c. teratogen.
d. form of DNA.
35. Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most
likely be:
a. underweight.
b. timid and fearful.
c. dyslexic.
d. lacking in attachment
36. When Joan touched her infant's cheek, he turned his head toward the side that was touched and
opened his mouth. Joan was eliciting the:
a. attention reflex.
b. attachment reflex.
c. startle reaction.
d. rooting reflex.
37. The first time that 4-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she believed that it was a
large whistle. Sarah's understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of:
a. assimilation
b. accommodation.
c. egocentrism.
d. conservation.
38. When Tommy's mother hides his favorite toy under a blanket, he acts as though it no longer exists
and makes no attempt to retrieve it. Tommy is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.
a. preoperational
b. concrete operational
c. formal operational
d. sensorimotor
39. The term habituation refers to the:
a. decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed.
b. interpretation of new information in terms of existing schemas.
c. awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.
d. none of these
40. Jason can correctly identify his own right and left hands, but when he faces his father he
consistently misidentifies his father's right and left hands. Jason's difficulty illustrates what Piaget
called:
a. habituation.
b. egocentrism.
c. assimilation.
d. conservation.
41. Notable achievements in fields such as _____ are often made by older adults when _____ intelligence is
at its peak.
a. mathematics; fluid
b. philosophy; fluid
c. science; crystallized
d. history; crystallized
42. Philip, a 50-year-old banking executive, has just learned from his physician that he has only one
year to live. According to Kűbler-Ross, his first reaction to hearing this news is likely to be:
a. "I'm going to do everything I’ve ever dreamed of doing."
b. "I have no reason to try to fight it.”
c. "Please, God, don’t let me die."
d. "No, it's not possible."
43. A teenager who runs into a burning building to save a child because she will be rewarded with fame
and perhaps money is demonstrating Kohlberg's _____ stage of morality.
a. preconventional
b. conventional
c. postconventional
d. preoperational
44. According to Erikson, the central tasks of adolescence, young adulthood, and middle adulthood,
respectively, are:
a. intimacy, generativity, and identity formation.
b. identity formation, intimacy, and generativity.
c. generativity, identity formation, and intimacy.
d. intimacy, identity formation, and generativity.
45. Longitudinal studies of cognitive development:
a. compare people of different ages with one another.
b. tend to paint an unfavorable picture of the effects of aging on intelligence.
c. are potentially misleading because they compare people who differ in age, education, and affluence.
d. are characterized by all of the above.