Boyhood (film)
Boyhood is a 2014 American independent coming-of-age
drama film, written and directed by Richard Linklater,
and starring Patricia Arquette, Ellar Coltrane, Lorelei
Linklater, and Ethan Hawke. Shot intermittently from
2002 to 2013, Boyhood depicts the adolescence of Mason Evans, Jr. (Coltrane) from ages six to eighteen as he
grows up in Arlington, Texas with divorced parents (Arquette and Hawke). Richard Linklater’s daughter Lorelei
plays Mason’s sister, Samantha.
dow. Olivia takes Mason to one of her classes, introducing him to her professor, Bill Welbrock (Marco Perella).
Mason sees Olivia and Bill flirt with each other.
In 2005, Olivia and Bill have married and blended their
two families, including Bill’s two children from a previous
marriage. They share experiences such as playing video
games and attending a midnight release of Harry Potter
and the Half-Blood Prince.
In 2006, the children bond with Mason Sr. as he takes
them out for a day in Houston, culminating in a Houston
Astros game and a sleepover at his house with his roommate Jimmy. Olivia continues her education and is initially supportive of Bill’s strict parenting style, which includes many chores for the children and a forced cutting
of Mason’s long hair.
Production began in 2002 and finished in 2013, with Linklater’s goal to make a film about growing up. The project
began without a completed script, with only basic plot
points and the ending written initially. Linklater developed the script throughout production, writing the next
year’s portion of the film after rewatching the previous
year’s footage. He incorporated changes he saw in each
actor into the script, while also allowing all major actors
to participate in the writing process by incorporating their
life experiences into their characters’ stories.
In 2007, Bill becomes abusive as alcoholism takes over
his life. When he assaults Olivia and endangers the children, Olivia moves the family to a friend’s house and files
for divorce.
Boyhood premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival[3] and was released theatrically on July 11, 2014.[4]
The film also competed in the main competition section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival,[5]
where Linklater won the Silver Bear for Best Director.[6] It was declared a landmark film by many notable critics, who praised its direction, acting, originality, and scope.[7][8][9][10][11] The film was nominated for
five Golden Globe Awards, winning Best Motion Picture
– Drama, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actress for
Arquette. It also received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actress for Arquette, which she won.
In 2008, Mason Sr. learns that Samantha has a boyfriend
and talks to her and Mason about contraception. He and
Mason go camping at Pedernales Falls State Park and
bond over music, Star Wars, and Mason’s blossoming interest in girls.
In 2009, Mason and Samantha have grown into their new
lives in San Marcos, a town close to Austin. Mason is bullied by other students at school and teased on a camping
trip, but also starts receiving attention from girls. Olivia
teaches psychology at college and moves in with Jim, a
student and veteran of the Bosnian/Iraq War.
In 2010, by his fifteenth birthday, Mason has experimented with marijuana and alcohol. Mason Sr., remarried and with a baby, takes Mason and Samantha to visit
his wife’s parents. He gives Mason a suit and a mix CD of
1 Plot
Beatles solo songs; Mason’s step-grandparents give him
a personalized Bible and a vintage shotgun. Mason beIn 2002, six-year-old Mason, Jr. (Ellar Coltrane) and his comes interested in photography.
older sister Samantha (Lorelei Linklater) live with their
single mother Olivia (Patricia Arquette) in Texas. Mason In 2011, Mason is lectured by his photography teacher,
overhears Olivia arguing with her boyfriend, saying she who sees his potential but is disappointed in his lack of
has no free time. Olivia then moves the family so she can ambition. Mason attends a party and meets Sheena, who
attend the University of Houston, complete her degree, becomes his girlfriend. After Mason arrives home late
one night from a party, a drunk Jim confronts Mason
and get a job.
about his late hours. Olivia leaves Jim.
In 2004, Mason’s father, Mason Sr., (Ethan Hawke) visits
Houston and takes the children bowling. He promises to In 2012, Mason and Sheena visit Samantha at the
spend more time with his kids. When Mason Sr. drops University of Texas at Austin, where they share their
the children off at home, he argues with Olivia and leaves hopes and fears about college, staying up late to watch the
while Mason and Samantha watch helplessly from a win- sun rise. They are caught sleeping together in Samantha’s
1
2
4 RECEPTION
dorm room by her roommate.
on her mother, who resumed her education later in life
[18]
In 2013, during Mason’s senior year in high school, he and became a psychotherapist.
has a painful breakup with Sheena, wins the silver medal Despite the unconventional screenwriting process, Linin a state photography contest and is awarded college klater stated that he had a general storyline in mind, and
scholarship money. Mason’s family throws him a grad- that the actors did not change the general direction of the
uation party and toasts his success. Mason Sr. gives him story:
advice about his breakup. Planning to sell the house,
Olivia meets Samantha and Mason for lunch and asks
People think I asked Ellar, “What did you
do in school the other day? Let’s make a scene
them to sort through their possessions. As Mason preabout that!" That never happened. The time we
pares to leave his mother’s new apartment for college,
spent together was me just gauging where he
Olivia breaks down, saying she is disillusioned by how
fast life has flown by, and claims there are no milestones
was at in his life—what his concerns were and
what he was doing. Then I would think, maybe
left in her life but her death.
we could move the camping trip up, and we can
[12]
At Sul Ross State University in Alpine, Mason moves
do this or that.[19]
into his dorm room and meets his new roommate Dalton, his girlfriend Barb and her roommate, Nicole. Mason takes drugs given to him by Barb. The group go hiking at Big Bend Ranch State Park and discuss seizing the
moment. Mason agrees with Nicole’s statement that moments seize us.
2
Cast
3
Production
Scripts for certain scenes were sometimes finished the
night prior to shooting. According to Hawke, the discussion about the possibility of additional Star Wars films
is “the only honest-to-god improvised moment in the
movie.”[18] The cast and crew gathered once or twice each
year, on varying dates, to film for three or four days.
The production team spent approximately two months in
pre-production, and one month in post-production each
year.[20] When Arquette became the lead on the TV series Medium, she filmed her scenes over weekends.[18]
Hawke said in 2013:
In May 2002, Linklater said that he would begin shootIt’s Tolstoy-esque in scope. I thought
ing an untitled film in his home city of Houston that
Before Sunrise was the most unique thing I
summer.[13] He planned to assemble the cast and crew
would ever be a part of, but Rick has engaged
for a few weeks’ filming annually for 12 years. He said:
me in something even more strange. Doing a
“I've long wanted to tell the story of a parent–child relascene with a young boy at the age of seven when
tionship that follows a boy from the first through the 12th
he talks about why do raccoons die, and at the
grade and ends with him going off to college. But the
age of 12 when he talks about video games, and
dilemma is that kids change so much that it is impossi17 when he asks me about girls, and have it be
ble to cover that much ground. And I am totally ready
the same actor—to watch his voice and body
to adapt the story to whatever he is going through.”[13]
morph—it’s a little bit like time-lapse photogIFC, the film’s distributor, committed to a film budget of
raphy of a human being.[21]
US$200,000 per year, or $2.4 million over the 12-year
shooting period.[14]
Although Linklater had referred to the project as Boyhood
[15]
Linklater hired the six-year-old Coltrane to play the during the early years of production, in 2013 he settled
it by the reboy.[15][16] The cast could not sign contracts for the film on the title 12 Years, but was forced to rename
[14]
lease
of
12
Years
a
Slave
in
the
same
year.
Hawke
was
due to the De Havilland Law, which makes it illegal to
amazed
that
the
producers
“still
had
their
job”
at
the
film’s
contract someone for more than seven years of work. Linklater told Hawke that he would have to finish the film if completion, despite "(having) to hide a couple hundred
thousand dollars a year for over a decade while we slowly
Linklater died.[17][18]
made this movie.”[17] Despite the risks, Linklater was alBoyhood began filming without a completed script. Lin- lowed an unusual level of freedom with the production,
klater had prepared each character’s basic plot points, never having to show IFC the work as it progressed.[14]
and the ending—including the final shot—but otherwise
wrote the script for the next year’s filming after rewatch- Costume designer Kari Perkins had to review each year’s
repetitions and
ing the previous year’s footage, incorporating the changes footage to ensure there were no accidental
[22]
to
create
a
“flow”
to
the
costumes.
he saw in each actor. All major actors participated in
the writing process, contributing their life experiences;
for example, Hawke’s character is based on his and Linklater’s fathers—both Texan insurance agents who di- 4 Reception
vorced and remarried—and Arquette’s character is based
4.2
4.1
Critical reception
Box office
Boyhood premiered theatrically on July 11, 2014, in a
limited release in four theaters in North America and
grossed $387,618, with an average of $77,524 per theater, ranking #19 at the box office. The film expanded
the next week to 34 theaters and grossed $1,170,217,
with an average of $34,418 per theater. The film’s wide
release occurred on August 15, opening in 771 theaters
and grossing $1,992,448, with an average of $2,584 per
theater and ranking #11. The film’s widest release in
the U.S. was 775 theaters. The film ultimately earned
$25,352,281 domestically and $ 21 million internationally for a total of $46,4 million, well above its $4 million production budget.[23] Boyhood received a score
of 8.1/10 from approximately 200,000 user votes on
IMDb.[24]
4.2
Critical reception
Boyhood has received near-unanimous critical acclaim.
It holds a “certified fresh” score of 98% on Rotten
Tomatoes based on 264 reviews, with an average rating of 9.2/10. The critical consensus states, “Epic
in technical scale but breathlessly intimate in narrative
scope, Boyhood is a sprawling investigation of the human
condition.”[25] On Metacritic, the film has a full score of
100 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating “universal
acclaim”.[26] It is the highest rated of all films reviewed
upon their original release on the site.[27] It also holds the
highest number of reviews for a film with a score of 100.
Both Metacritic and Rotten Tomatoes listed Boyhood as
the best-reviewed film of 2014.[28][29]
The praise for Boyhood extended beyond the
Anglosphere. A collection of 25 French critiques
on AlloCiné, including those from Le Monde and Cahiers
du Cinéma, indicates wide approval, with an average
score of 4.0 out of 5.[30] The international film magazine
Sight & Sound named it the best film of 2014 after
polling an international group of 112 film critics.[31]
In her review for The New York Times, Manohla Dargis stated that the film’s realism was “jolting” and “so
brilliantly realized and understated that it would be easy
to overlook.”[32] A. O. Scott, also writing for The New
York Times, called Boyhood the best film of 2014, saying that he could not think of any film that had affected
him the way Boyhood had in his 15 years as a professional film critic.[33] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also
named Boyhood the best movie of the year, calling it the
year’s “biggest emotional powerhouse.”[34] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called it “one of the greatest films
of the decade”.[35] Richard Roeper gave the film an A+,
calling it one of the greatest films he had ever seen.[36]
Wai Chee Dimock, writing in the Los Angeles Review of
Books, compared Linklater’s film with Nobel laureate J.
M. Coetzee's memoir, Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial
Life.[37]
3
Many critics singled out Patricia Arquette's performance
for praise. Mick LaSalle of The San Francisco Chronicle said that watching Arquette was “like watching a
generation’s hopes and struggles, presented by an actress
with a fullness of emotion, and yet with utter matter-offactness.”[38] Michael Phillips, writing for The Chicago
Tribune, lauded Arquette’s “lack of pretense or affectation as a performer.”[39]
Boyhood also earned the admiration of other filmmakers
and artists. Director Christopher Nolan named Boyhood
as his favorite film of 2014, calling it “extraordinary”.[40]
Writer-director Mike Leigh, while accepting a fellowship
from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts
in 2015, called it “the definitive independent film.”[41]
Writer Joyce Carol Oates tweeted her support, saying:
“It is rare that a film so mimics the rhythms and texture of actual life as Boyhood. Such seeming spontaneity is a very high art.”[42] Poet and critic Dan Chiasson wrote in a contribution to The New York Review
of Books: “This is a great film, the greatest American
movie I have ever seen in a theater. It is great for what
we see, but it is even greater for its way of making
real what we cannot see, or for suggesting that what we
cannot yet see we might one day see.”[43] According to
Canadian philosopher Howard Adelman, "[Boyhood] is
Huckleberry Finn for the twenty-first century, for it is
only Mason Jr. who retains his honesty, integrity and
sense of decency throughout ... a masterful movie not
to be missed.”[44] Alejandro González Iñárritu, winner of
the Academy Award for Best Director in 2015 and Linklater’s fellow nominee, said that when he watched Boyhood, he sent an email to Linklater and thanked him for
giving “this incredible gift”.[45]
Other critics reacted less positively to the film. Los Angeles Times critic Kenneth Turan described it as “at best,
OK” and one whose “animating idea is more interesting
than its actual satisfactions.”[46] Sam Adams of Indiewire
argued that the unanimous praise for Boyhood is bad for
film criticism, as it tends to marginalize the analysis of
critics who disagree with the majority. Adams argued
that masterpieces are made “by careful scrutiny” and not
“by unanimous praise.”[47] Richard Brody of The New
Yorker listed the film at the top of a year-end list he
called “The Negative Ten”, a list of films with “significant
merit”, but that also “occluded the view toward the year’s
most accomplished and daringly original work.”[48] Imran
Siddiquee lamented in The Atlantic that the film’s main
character “lives 12 years in America without ever having
or overhearing a significant conversation about race. Not
on TV, not at school, not with his parents, nor with any
of his friends.”[49] Mike Stoklasa and Jay Bauman of Red
Letter Media gave a scathing review of the film. While
they praised Arquette’s performance, they cited it as an
incredibly poor movie with little plot, bland, dull cinematography, amateurish screenwriting and lack of any
meaningful growth or sympathy for the main character
who becomes increasingly unlikeable as the film wears
4
4 RECEPTION
on. They concluded that the reason why the film has garnered so much praise, was based on the gimmick that it
was filmed over twelve years, not on the actual substance
of the film. Bauman concludes that the film is a parallel
on real life: “By the end of it, you just want to die.”[50]
4.3
• 2nd - Richard Corliss - Time[79]
• 2nd - Chris Nashawaty - Entertainment Weekly[80]
• 2nd - Kyle Smith - New York Post[81]
• 2nd - Mark Kermode - BBC Radio Five Live[82]
Year-end lists
Boyhood appeared on more critics’ annual “best-of” lists
in 2014 than any other film, including the most firstplace votes.[51][52] According to CriticsTop10.com, it was
included on 536 lists and topped 189 of them -- both
records by that site’s count.[53]
• 1st - Marjorie Baumgarten - The Austin Chronicle
[54]
• 1st - Peter Bradshaw - The Guardian[55]
• 3rd - Rex Reed - The New York Observer[83]
• 4th - James Berardinelli - Reelviews[84]
• 5th - Richard Lawson - Vanity Fair[85]
• 5th - Todd McCarthy - The Hollywood Reporter[86]
• 6th - Christopher Orr - The Atlantic[87]
• 1st - Justin Chang - Variety[56]
• 7th - Peter Rainer - The Christian Science Monitor[88]
• 1st - Simon Crook - Empire[57]
• 9th - Lou Lumenick - New York Post [89]
• 1st - A. A. Dowd - The A.V. Club[58]
• Not ranked - Manohla Dargis - The New York
Times[90]
• 1st - David Edelstein - New York
[59]
• 1st - Bill Goodykoontz - The Arizona Republic[60]
• Not ranked - David Denby - The New Yorker[91]
• 1st - Stephen Holden - The New York Times[61]
• Not ranked - Steven Rea - The Philadelphia Inquirer[92]
• 1st - Ann Hornaday - The Washington Post
[62]
• 1st - Peter Howell - The Toronto Star[63]
• Not ranked - Dana Stevens - Slate[93]
• 1st - Eric Kohn - Indiewire[64]
• 1st - Mick LaSalle - The San Francisco Chronicle[65]
4.4 Home media
• 1st - Bob Mondello - National Public Radio[66]
Linklater told Hypable in July 2014 that he was planning a DVD/Blu-ray release through The Criterion Collection:[94]
• 1st - Joe Morgenstern - The Wall Street Journal[67]
• 1st - Andrew O'Hehir - Salon[68]
• 1st - Michael Phillips - Chicago Tribune[69]
• 1st - Claudia Puig - USA Today[70]
• 1st - Richard Roeper - Chicago Sun-Times[71]
• 1st - Joshua Rothkopf - Time Out New York[72]
• 1st - A. O. Scott - The New York Times[73]
• 1st - Betsy Sharkey - The Los Angeles Times[74]
Yeah, we've got a ton of behind the scenes
stuff. We made this in the era where everyone
has a digital camera so we unearthed an interview from year one with Ellar, Lorelei, Patricia
and myself, Patricia interviewed me in 2002. I
hadn't seen this since we shot it, Ellar had forgotten quite a bit of it but he got to see himself
as a wide-eyed six year old. For people who
like the movie, I think there will be a lot of
cool little treasures.
• 1st - Sight & Sound contributors - British Film Institute[75]
On August 21, Variety reported that Paramount Home
Media
Distribution had acquired the U.S. home enter• 1st - Peter Travers - Rolling Stone[76]
tainment rights for DVD, Blu-ray and digital distribution.
will retain VOD and EST sales as part of the
• 2nd - Tom Brook - British Broadcasting Corpora- IFC Films
[95]
deal.
The
film became available on Digital HD on De[77]
tion
cember 9, 2014, and was released on Blu-ray and DVD
• 2nd - Robbie Collin - The Telegraph[78]
on January 6, 2015.[96]
5
4.5
Accolades
[13] Blackburn, Rachel. (May 16, 2002) PA News Shooting
begins on film that will take 12 years.
Main article: List of accolades received by Boyhood
[14] Chang, Justin (June 25, 2014). “Richard Linklater on
(film)
‘Boyhood,’ the ‘Before’ Trilogy and the Luxury of Time”.
Variety. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
Boyhood earned dozens of accolades, including top prizes
[15] Carroll, Larry (November 29, 2006). “Got Plans For
from the New York Film Critics Circle, the Los Angeles
2013? Check Out Richard Linklater’s '12-Year Movie'".
Film Critics Association, the Chicago Film Critics AssoMTV Movies. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
ciation, the Broadcast Film Critics Association, and the
London Film Critics’ Circle. It received both the Golden [16] Rea, Steven (May 19, 2002). “De Niro reassures a studio
about a boy”. The Philadelphia Inquirer. Features Arts &
Globe Award and the British Academy Film Award for
Entertainment section, page H9.
Best Film. At the 87th Academy Awards, it received its
sole Oscar for Supporting Actress, losing the top prizes [17] O'Brien, Conan (host); Hawke, Ethan; Rajskub, Mary
to Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance).
Lynn; Scott, Jamie (2014-08-05). “Full Episode — Tues.
8/5 - Ethan Hawke, Mary Lynn Rajskub, And Musical
Guest Jamie Scott”. Conan. TBS.
5
See also
• List of films shot over several years
• List of films considered the best
6
References
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[19] McKittrick, Christopher. ""I want to tell a story in a new
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[20] “Boyhood Q&A”. Santa Barbara International Film Festival. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
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[3] “Richard Linklater’s Ambitious 'Boyhood' Premieres at
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7
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7 External links
• Official website
• Boyhood at the Internet Movie Database
• Boyhood at AllMovie
• Boyhood at Box Office Mojo
• Boyhood at Metacritic
• Boyhood at Rotten Tomatoes
8
8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES
8
Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses
8.1
Text
• Boyhood (film) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyhood_(film)?oldid=666868326 Contributors: Bueller 007, Mike Linksvayer,
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8.2
Images
• File:Wikiquote-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
8.3
Content license
• Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0