Waves and Sound – Ripple Tank
Ripple Tank System
WA-9899
A Completely Redesigned System
A More Affordable
White LED Strobe
A Integrated strobe/ripple generator simplifies
operation
Cool running, produces
bright, clear, wave patterns
(includes rod)
A F
oam “beach” design dramatically reduces
reflections from walls
Ripple Generator
A Silent operation
Sloped Foam Beach
Producing interference pattern
with two point sources
Eliminates reflections
PASCO has completely redesigned its Ripple Tank
System to make it easier to use, more reliable,
and more affordable. The strobe and rippler are
controlled by the same unit and a new feature
makes it possible to introduce a small frequency
difference between the strobe and the rippler to
make the waves appear to move slowly. A simple
switch changes the phase of the two ripplers from
0 to 180 degrees.
The rippler uses voice coil actuators for precise
and silent operation. The frequency range (1.0 Hz
to 50.0 Hz) includes those important low frequencies that make refraction more prominent. The
LED digital frequency readout can be seen in low
lighting. The rippler has knobs to easily adjust
the dipper depth and the amplitude of the dipper
stroke.
Ripple
Tank
Base and Rod
(not included)
Detachable
Legs
The new light source is a white LED which
remains cool during operation and produces a
bright, clear wave pattern. The light can be used
as a strobe or in steady mode.
Typical Applications:
Viewing
Screen
Point Sources
(included)
(Three sizes)
A Speed of Wave Propagation
A Superposition of Waves
Plane Wave
A Effects of Varying Water Depth
and multiple source
A Reflection, Refraction and Diffraction
Digital
Frequency
Readout
Phase
Curved
Reflector
Depth
Control
Diffraction
Barriers
Refractors
Convex, Concave and
Trapezoid
Amplitude
Frequency
The yellow convex lens focuses the plane
water waves. The waves show a pronounced
refraction due to the abrupt change in depth
of the water over the plastic lens.
286
(1-50 Hz)
Ripple Arms
(shown with
Point Source)
Strobe
Control
Level Control
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Ripple Tank
Ripple Tank
WA-9897
Refraction occurs at the boundaries of this
rhomboid shape.
Includes:
The Doppler Effect is clearly demonstrated
by moving the dipper. In this picture the
movement is downward.
Diffraction Barriers are used to create
a double slit to show interference.
The barriers can be changed to adjust
the slit width and slit separation.
Viewing Area: 34 cm x 34 cm
Usable Tank Depth: 1 cm
Drain Tube: 30 cm long
Projection Screen: 35.6 cm x 38.8 cm wide
Acrylic Mirror: 49.8 cm x 38.8 cm wide
Light Source Support Rod: 46 cm long
Water Resistant Storage Box: 64 cm x 52 cm x 17 cm
Specifications given at left
Order Information:
Ripple Tank.............................................................. WA-9897
WA-9896
Specifications Ripple Generator/Light Source (WA-9896)
Voice Coil Actuator Frequency Range: 1.0 to 50.0 Hz with 0.1 Hz Resolution
Light Source: Strobe or Steady, 5 W White LED
Digital LED Display: Frequency/Delta
Adjustable Delta Frequency Between Ripple Generator and Strobe: ± 45%
frequency setting in steps of 9%
Phase Switch: 0 or 180 degrees
Depth, Tilt and Amplitude Adjustment Controls
Power Supply: 15 VDC at 1.5 A with On/Off Switch
Rippler Case Dimensions: 10.5 cm x 16.3 cm x 3.9 cm
Includes:
Includes:
Ripple Generator/Strobe
driver with Power Adapter
LED Strobe Assembly
Plane Wave Generator
with multi-point dippers
Point Sources (3 sizes)
Specifications given at left
Order Information:
Ripple Tank
Generator/Light Source........................ WA-9896
Ripple Tank Replacement
Set
Ripple Tank WA-9897
(complete components list at right)
Ripple Generator/Light SourceWA-9896
(complete components list at right)
Water Resistant Storage Box included
(64 cm x 52 cm x 17 cm)
WA-9898
Includes:
Order Information:
Ripple Tank System...................................................................................................................... WA-9899
Required:
ME-8735
p. 212
90 cm Rod. ............................................................................................................................................... ME-8738
p. 212
..............................................................................................................................
Surfactant
Drainage tube (30 cm)
with clamp
1 liter Plastic Beaker
Pipette
Clear Plastic Ruler
Water Resistant
Storage Box for Entire
System
Ripple Generator/Light
Source
Specifications Ripple Tank (WA-9897)
Large Rod Base
Tank with legs
Projection Mirror and Screen
Strobe Mounting Rod
Refractors (convex, concave,
rhomboid)
Curved Reflector
Diffraction Barriers (2 long,
1 short, 1 mini)
Plastic Storage Box for
components
Replacement:
Ripple Tank Replacement Set........................................................................................... WA-9898
Plastic Storage Box
for Components
Dippers
Pipette
Foam Beach
Refractors
Curved Reflector
Diffraction Barriers
Specifications given at left
Order Information:
Ripple Tank Optics. ....................................... WA-9898
287
Waves and Sound – Mechanical Waves
String Vibrator
Power Inputs
Drive String Vibrator’s coil with
included power supply, Sine Wave
Generator or 750 Interface.
WA-9857
Clamping
Convenient for clamping the String Vibrator to the
tabletop or any other edge. Holes allow permanent
mounting to a surface.
Custom Plastic Case
A G
reat Tool for Mechanical Wave
Demonstrations
Tough enough for
student use;
stacking posts
allow several
units to be
vertically
stacked for
storage.
A U
ses Magnetic Field to Drive
Flexible Tongue
A Includes Constant Frequency
Power Supply
Built-in Rod
Clamps
Stainless Steel Tongue
Flexible metal strip mounted to
a powerful neodymium magnet;
includes a hole for connecting
string or wave cord.
For mounting on
either a horizontal
or vertical rod.
Air Vents
Provides good circulation
of air around coil.
The String Vibrator transforms mechanical wave demonstrations
to hands-on activities that every lab group can easily perform.
Featuring an elegant design with no motors or speakers, the String
Vibrator allows students to study the fundamental characteristics
of mechanical waves including wave speed, frequency, wavelength,
amplitude, interference and resonance.
Powering the String Vibrator
Constant Frequency Power Supply: Use the included power
supply to create waves at a constant 60 Hz frequency. By changing
the tension, various standing wave patterns can be created.
How it Works
A neodymium magnet fastened to the stainless steel tongue is free
to move within a coil. By supplying AC current to the coil, an alternating magnetic field is created which vibrates the magnet and tongue.
Power the String Vibrator by plugging the included power supply into the wall outlet.
The waveform is varied by changing the tension in the elastic Wave Cord.
Sine Wave Generator: Use this versatile device to drive the String
Vibrator over a range of amplitudes and frequencies (0-800 Hz).
A special mode allows the Sine Wave Generator to “learn” the
fundamental frequency and scan through each of the resonant
frequencies. See page 289 for more details.
750 Interface: The String Vibrator can also be powered by the 750
Interface (CI-7650) directly or by using the Power Amp (CI-6552A).
Includes:
By varying the amplitude and frequency of the AC signal, standing waves are
created in the vibrating string.
Typical Applications
A Standing Wave Patterns: Students learn about constructive and
destructive interference by studying these waveforms
A Mechanical Wave Characteristics: Wave speed, string density,
frequency, amplitude and wavelength can all be examined
288
String Vibrator Unit
Constant Frequency Power Supply
(60 Hz)
Wave Cord (not shown)
(3 meters)
Order Information:
String Vibrator...........................................................................................................WA-9857
Recommended:
Sine Wave Generator........................................................................................WA-9867
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Mechanical Waves
Sine Wave Generator
WA-9867
Power Output
Standard banana jacks allow the Sine Wave Generator to
be easily connected to other devices
Frequency Increments
Use these buttons to store a frequency
increment and scan through a frequency
range by this increment.
A Sine Wave Output up to 800 Hz
A Ideal for Driving Speakers and Wave Drivers
Amplitude
A Auto-Scan of Resonant Frequencies
Vary the amplitude of
the sine wave.
LED Display
Red LEDs make the
display easy to read
with 0.1 Hz resolution.
The Sine Wave Generator is an effective tool for generating waves
with speakers or wave drivers. It enables users to change both the
frequency (0-800 Hz) and amplitude of the sine wave output. Both
fine and coarse frequency controls are included and the digital display
features a 0.1 Hz resolution. In addition, the generator can “learn” the
fundamental frequency for a particular configuration. Students can
observe the quantum nature of standing wave patterns as the Sine
Wave Generator jumps from one resonant frequency to the next.
Frequency
Adjustment
Change the frequency
by 1 Hz or 0.1 Hz increments.
Typical Applications
A Wave Patterns in Strings: The Sine Wave
Generator can drive the following:
String Vibrator (WA-9857)
Economy Wave Driver (WA-9854)
Mechanical Wave Driver (SF-9324)
A Resonant Frequencies in Air: Use the
generator with the Open Speaker
(WA-9900) and Economy Resonance
Tube (WA-9495) to produce easily
audible standing waves in air.
Features
Custom Plastic Case: Designed to withstand
student use; includes angled rubber feet for
ease of use and rear rod clamp for additional
mounting options. Cases are also stackable
for easy storage.
Digital Display: Frequency is displayed
with 0.1 Hz resolution using red LEDs.
Frequency Adjustment: Adjust the frequency of the output with either the fine
(0.1 Hz) or coarse (1 Hz) knobs. The knobs
include a “smart scan” feature so they
change frequency more quickly when
continuously turned.
Clearly demonstrate various standing wave patterns.
Built-In Clamp
Includes:
is used to mount
the generator on a
standard rod.
Sine Wave Generator
Power Supply
Order Information:
Sine Wave
Generator.............................. WA-9867
Amplitude Adjustment: Change the
voltage of the sine wave signal.
Recommended:
String Vibrator................. WA-9857
p. 288
“Learn” Frequency: The Sine Wave
Generator will store a frequency increment,
then cycle through the selected frequency
range by the increment automatically; very
useful for resonance demonstrations or
activities.
Economy Wave
Driver.......................................... WA-9854
p. 291
Mechanical Wave
Driver.......................................... SF-9324
p. 292
Open Speaker.................. WA-9900
p. 296
Economy
Resonance Tube. ........... WA-9495
p. 296
289
Waves and Sound – Mechanical Waves
Visualize motion with PASCO’s NEW modular LED Strobe.
Strobe
ME-6978
Shown using ME-6978 Strobe
(with Strobe Module) and three
additional ME-6982 Strobe Modules.
A 1 Hz to 500 Hz
A Variable Intensity
A Low Cost
Unique modular design makes it easy to light any geometry. The
ME-6978 Strobe includes the Strobe Control Box and one Strobe
Module. Additional Strobe Modules (ME-6982) can be purchased
separately (see below) for up to a total of four lamp modules per
controller, and multiple control boxes can be connected together
using the External Trigger. The Strobe Modules have a tilting lamp
head on a sturdy base that sits on the table or fastens to a rod
stand.
Features
Display frequency in Hz or rpm
Adjustable light intensity
External Trigger to Daisy-chain
multiple controllers together
Trigger strobe using external input such as the ME-9498A photogate.
Specifications:
Frequency Range: 1 Hz to 500 Hz
Resolution: 0.1 Hz
Accuracy: 0.1%
Lamp Life: 50,000 hours.
Brightness: 230 lumens (peak) per module
Lamp ON/OFF
Digital
Display
Frequency
Adjustment
Brightness
Control
WA-9857 String Vibrator includes a constant frequency (60 Hz)
brick power supply. Can also be used with the WA-9867
Sine Wave Generator to vary the amplitude and frequency.
Tilting lamp head on a sturdy base sits
on the table or fastens to a rod stand.
Order Information:
Strobe..................................................................................................................... ME-6978
(Includes Control Box and one Strobe Module)
Additional Strobe Module............................................................ ME-6982
Includes:
Control Box and one
Strobe Module
290
Shown in use with:
String Vibrator.............................................................................................. WA-9857
p. 288
Small “A” Base. ........................................................................................... ME-8976
p. 212
Large Rod Base. ......................................................................................... ME-8735
p. 212
60 cm long Steel Rod (threaded)
ME-8977
p. 212
90 cm long Steel Rod (non-threaded) ....................... ME-8738
p. 212
Pendulum Clamp
p. 214
.....................................
....................................................................................
SE-9443
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Mechanical Waves
Economy Wave Driver
WA-9854
A Economical Tool for the Study of Mechanical Waves
A Includes Constant Frequency Power Supply
A Can Also be Driven with PASCO’s Sine Wave Generator or 750 Interface
Using the Sine Wave Generator, the frequency and amplitude of the Economy Wave Driver can be varied to facilitate the study of standing wave patterns.
The Economy Wave Driver is an
inexpensive yet effective solution for
hands-on experiments on the properties of
mechanical waves. It includes everything
students need to generate and analyze
standing wave patterns in strings.
Sine Wave Generator
WA-9867
How it Works
A molded plastic post is attached directly
to the cone of the speaker and the wave
cord is fed through the groove on the top
of the post. The two ends of the cord are
tied off or held with suspended masses.
Using the included power supply, students
can drive the speaker at a constant 60 Hz
and vary the tension to create standing
wave patterns.
The Economy Wave Driver can be used
with any function generator which outputs
0 – 7 Volts and 0.3 – 0.6 Amps. The operating frequency for the driver is 0 – 90 Hz.
Includes:
5 ¼” Sub Woofer Speaker with Wave
Driver Post
Elastic Cord (three meters) (not shown)
Power Supply (60 Hz)
Order Information:
Economy Wave Driver. .......................... WA-9854
Wave Driver Post
The Sine Wave Generator is an excellent
tool for generating waves with speakers or
wave drivers. It allows both the frequency
(0-800 Hz) and amplitude of the sine wave
output to be changed. Both fine and coarse
frequency controls are included and the
digital display features a 0.1 Hz resolution.
In addition, the generator can “learn” the
fundamental frequency for a particular
configuration. Students can observe the
quantum nature of standing wave patterns
as the Sine Wave Generator jumps from
one resonant frequency to the next. For
more information on its full capabilities,
see page 289.
WA-9870 (2 pack)
Typical Applications
A Study the effect of tension on resonance
while powering the wave driver at a
constant frequency (60 Hz) and amplitude
A Using the Sine Wave Generator or 750
Interface, vary the frequency and amplitude of the wave driver to discover the
relationship between frequency and
resonance wave patterns
The Wave Driver Post can also be purchased
separately for use with existing 5 1/4” speakers. Actual diameter is 3 1/4” (8.3 cm).
Order Information:
Order Information:
Wave Driver Post (2 pack) ............ WA-9870
Sine Wave Generator. ........................WA-9867
291
Waves and Sound – Mechanical Waves
Mechanical Wave Driver
SF-9324
A Drive Any Wave Experiment at Specified Frequencies
A Variable Amplitude
A Tough and Versatile
SF-9324
8 Ω Impedance
Features
Frequency Response: From 0.1 to 1000 Hz
with an amplitude of approximately 5 mm
up to about 50 Hz.
Mounts Vertically or Horizontally:
Designed to sit upright on a table, on its
side or mounted on a 12.7 mm (1/2 inch)
rod.
Powering the Wave Driver
Driving Signal Required: Requires a
function generator with a minimum of
±8 [email protected] A. An accurate measurement
of frequency is necessary for quantitative
resonance experiments.
Mechanical Wave
Driver Accessories
Chladni Plates Kit
WA-9607
In the early nineteenth century, Ernst
Chladni added another dimension to wave
experiments by sprinkling sand on a thin
plate and using a violin bow to induce
vibrations. The sand collected along the
nodal lines of the wave patterns painted
clear and beautiful pictures of the various
modes of vibration.
The Chladni Plates Kit and a Wave Driver
allow continuous vibrations to be produced
at measurable frequencies. Students can
determine the resonant frequencies of the
plates and examine the modes of vibration
at any frequency.
The Chladni Plates Kit includes a
24 cm x 24 cm square plate, round plate,
0.8 kg of extra-fine sand and a sand shaker.
The round plate can be vibrated about its
center or an offset point to investigate both
symmetric and asymmetric modes of
vibration.
Different PASCO products can be used to
power the Wave Driver:
Power
Amplifier II
CI-6552A
Sine Wave
Generator
WA-9867
Function
Generator
PI-8127
292
Order Information:
Mechanical
Wave Driver..................... SF-9324
Required:
Banana Plug
Patch Cord......................... SE-9751
p. 261
and one of the following function generators:
Sine Wave
Generator........................... WA-9867
p. 291
Function
Generator........................... PI-8127
p. 284
Power
Amplifier II........................ CI-6552A
p. 70
with
ScienceWorkshop 750
Interface...................................................................... p. 68-69
Equivalent function generator providing
up to 1 A to an 8 Ω impedance.
Order Information:
Chladni Plates Kit
...................................
WA-9607
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Mechanical Waves
Mechanical Wave Driver Accessories
Structures Resonance
Metal Resonance Strips
Longitudinal Wave Spring
SF-9404
WA-9401
PASCO’s Structures System is perfect
for demonstrating resonance in complex
systems. The plastic I-Beams clearly show
two different bending moments, and can
be connected together to build a variety
of structures. See page 294 for more
examples.
These resonance strips demonstrate standing waves, harmonics and the relationship
between length, frequency and resonance.
Using the Longitudinal Wave Spring
accessory, it is easy to demonstrate and
visualize the nodes and antinodes of longitudinal waves. Unstretched length is 13 cm.
Investigate the unique resonant frequencies
of the SF-9404 Metal Resonance Strips.
Order Information:
Metal Resonance Strips ................. SF-9404
Resonance Wire Loop
SF-9405
Longitudinal waves can be easily demonstrated
with the WA-9401 Longitudinal Wave Spring.
Use this wire loop (29 cm diameter) to
introduce Bohr’s quantum atom using a
classical model.
Order Information:
Resonance Wire Loop.......................... SF-9405
String Holders
Slot (set of 4)
SF-9322
Order Information:
Longitudinal Wave Spring............ WA-9401
Violin Chladni Plate
Order Information:
1.2 m tall
SE-7319
Hole (set of 4)
SF-9323
4 mm diameter banana plugs fit into shaft
of Wave Driver.
Composite
I-Beam
The long plastic I-Beam is constructed of
components from the Advanced Structures
Set (p. 170). It is driven using the SF-9324
Mechanical Wave Driver and the PI-8127
Function Generator, demonstrating the
three lowest harmonics.
This 40 cm-long plate is shaped like a
standard violin. Place sand on the plate
and excite with either a violin bow or wave
driver. Includes a standard banana jack connector for use with the Mechanical Wave
Driver (SF-9324).
Equipment Shown:
Advanced
Structures Set*...............ME-6992B p. 170
Large Slotted
Mass Set. ................................ME-7566
p. 223
45cm Stainless
Steel Rod................................ME-8736
p. 212
P. 212
Slot String Holder (set of 4)........ SF-9322
Order Information:
Large Rod Base...............ME-8735
Hole String Holder (set of 4)....... SF-9323
Violin Chladni Plate............................... SE-7319
*Patents pending
293
Waves and Sound – Resonance
Demonstrate resonance in
complex systems.
The bridge shown here was constructed using
the Advanced Structures Set (pages 170-171),
plus additional Truss Sets (page 168).
The bridge is driven using the
SF -9324 Mechanical Wave Driver
and the PI-8127 Function Generator.
Tied Arch
Bridge
Short Slotted Mass
Set (ME-7589)
2 m long
Load Cell Amplifier
(PS-2198)
Shaking Tower
75 cm tall
5N
Load
Cell
Students can analyze phase relationship
between the driving force (blue trace)
and resulting acceleration of the bridge
(red trace).
Measure acceleration
with a 5N Load Cell
This building frame is built with an
Advanced Structures Set. The building
is being shaken with the Mechanical
Wave Driver. Additional mass is added
to the foam core floors (not included).
See page 184 for an example of passive
pendulum damping with the shaking
tower.
Connect one end of a load cell
to the structure and attach a
mass to the other end of the load cell.
The acceleration of the structure is graphed in
real time as the structure shakes.
Mechanical
Wave Driver
(SF-9324)
The resonance of the bridge is characterized by driving the bridge at different
frequencies, and measuring the resulting accelerations using Load Cells at various locations. The graph above (orange trace) shows the response in the 1 Hz
to 10 Hz frequency range. The students can also look at the free vibration of the
bridge by simply hitting it with a hammer! The resulting FFT (blue trace) shows
the correlation between the forced and free vibrations.
Experiments on this page shown in use with:
Function
Generator
(PI-8127)
294
Advanced Structures Set*...............................ME-6992B
p.
Load Cell Amplifier*................................................PS-2198
p.
5 N Load Cell*.................................................................PS-2201
p.
Function Generator. .................................................PI-8127
p.
Mechanical Wave Driver.....................................SF-9324
p.
Mass and Hanger Set............................................ME-8979
p.
Short Slotted Mass Set. ......................................ME-7589
p.
Rods and Stands......................................................................................................... p.
*Patents pending
172
32
33
284
292
223
223
212
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Mechanical Waves
Sonometer System
1
WA-9757
A Investigate Waves on a Wire
A C
ontrol Length, Tension, Density and Driving
Frequency
3
A O
bserve and Measure the Waveforms on an
Oscilloscope
Uses Standard Guitar Strings
They come in a variety of linear
densities and can be changed in
seconds.
2
The WA-9757 Sonometer
with Driver/Detector Coils includes:
Magnetic Mounts
The two movable bridges and the Driver/
Detector Coils mount magnetically to the
base, so setup is easy and
components stay put.
Slotted Tensioning Lever
Adjust the tension quickly
and accurately using a single
hanging mass (1-2 kg). Vary the
tension instantly by factors of
2, 3, 4 or 5.
Driver Coil
Use a function
generator to drive the
wire at set frequencies.
Built-in
Millimeter Scale
Determine lengths
quickly and easily.
Detector Coil
Monitor frequency and
amplitude at any point on the
wire with an oscilloscope or
computer.
1.Base with magnetic mounting strip, sounding board, tensioning
lever and wire positioning screw
2.10 Solid Steel Wires— two each of 0.245, 0.356, 0.432, 0.508 and
0.559 mm diameter
3. Driver and Detector Coils
4.BNC-to-Banana Plug Adapter (not shown— used to connect to
ScienceWorkshop interface)
5. Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide (not shown)
Experiments
Using a PASCO computer interface to monitor the detector signal
makes it easier to measure and document the relationship be­tween
wave amplitude and frequency. Use the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
mode for a more sophisticated analysis of wave behavior on a string.
The Sonometer’s immediate audio feedback from the vibrating string
combined with DataStudio’s sophisticated analysis tech­niques adds
reality to advanced concepts.
Equipment Required:
ScienceWorkshop 500, 700 or 750 Interface
Sound Box
Students can hear the
sound of the plucked or
driven wires.
CI-6552A Power Amplifier (ScienceWorkshop 700 or 750 only) or
PI-9587C Function Generator to drive the Sonometer
CI-6503 Voltage Sensor to monitor the detector
With the classic sonometer, students can investigate waves on
a wire by adjusting the wire tension and length and listening to the
difference in tone when the wire is plucked or bowed. It is a useful
demonstration, but is only qualitative.
With the PASCO Sonometer and the Driver/Detector Coils, students
can vary the density, tension and length of the wire, adjust the driving frequency and examine the resulting waveform in full detail on
an oscilloscope or computer interface. This is all done quantitatively.
Features include a slotted tensioning lever, magnetic mounts, built-in
scale and a sound box.
In the Laboratory
The included Sonometer Manual contains a discussion of the theory
of waves on a stretched string, and student-ready experiments for
investigating the resonant modes of a stretched string and for
measuring velocity of wave propagation on a string.
Driver
Coil
Detector
Coil
60 cm
Guitar String
Bridge
Tensioning
Lever
Sonometer
1 kg
100.0 Hz
Channel 1 (Detector Coil)
Frequency Generator Oscilloscope
Channel 2 (Driver Coil)
The PASCO Sonometer measuring resonant modes on a stretched string.
This oscilloscope display shows the
output signal generated from the power
amplifier (red trace) and the input signal
from the detector coil (green trace). The
output frequency is 55 Hz.
This FFT display shows a fundamental
frequency of 400 Hz for a plucked
sonometer string.
Order Information:
Sonometer System............................................................................. WA-9757
Sonometer (No Coils)...................................................................... WA-9611
Sonometer Driver/Detector Coils (pair)................... WA-9613
Required:
Slotted Mass Hanger......................................................................... SE-8703A
p.
Slotted Mass Set..................................................................................... SE-8704A
p.
ScienceWorkshop 500 or 750 Interface.............................................................. p.
Voltage Sensor.......................................................................................... CI-6503
p.
Dual Trace Oscillosope.................................................................... SB-9591A
p.
Function Generator. ............................................................................ PI-8127
p.
or
Power Amplifier II.................................................................................. CI-6552A
p.
(for ScienceWorkshop 700 or 750 Interface only)
223
223
68-72
79
282
284
70
295
Waves and Sound – Sound
Demonstrate Acoustic Resonance
Economy
Resonance
Tube
WA-9495
Metric Scale
Directly measures
length of air column for
open and closed tube.
Nested Tubes
Stand
Students will have no difficulty hearing resonant
frequencies from this tube. Two nested cardboard
tubes allow the length of the air column to be
easily varied, and the inner tube contains a
removable end-cap to change from a “closed”
to an “open” tube. The length of the resonating
column can be read directly off the metric scale
for both open and closed operation.
Closed tube (with end cap in place)
Open tube (with end cap removed)
The removable end-cap on the inner tube allows the air column to act as
either an “open” or a “closed” tube.
Open Speaker
WA-9900
Features a high-quality, 13.3 cm woofer
mounted on a sturdy base with standard
banana jack inputs. The Open Speaker
is not enclosed inside a case, making it
perfect for resonance experiments.
Specifications
Frequency Response: 75 - 8000 Hz
Impedance: 8 ohms
Input Power: 60 watts (max)
Shown in use with the Open Speaker (WA-9900) and the
Sine Wave Generator (WA-9867)
WA-9495 Includes:
Outer Tube (length 1.3m; diameter 0.15m)
Inner Tube (Includes measuring tape and
removable end-cap)
Tube Stands (2)
Order Information:
Economy Resonance Tube.................................... WA-9495
Shown in use with:
Order Information:
Open Speaker....................................................................... WA-9900
Open Speaker........................................................................................................ WA-9900
Sine Wave Generator.................................................. WA-9867
296
p. 289
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Sound
Resonance Tube
Movable Piston
WA-9612
Built-in Metric Scale
Push in the piston to
adjust the tube length.
Makes it easy to measure tube
length and microphone position.
A Investigate Sound Waves in a Closed or
Open Tube
A Observe Waveforms on an Oscilloscope
A Movable Piston and Microphone
This Resonance Tube brings the same advantages to longitudinal
wave experiments that PASCO’s Sonometer brings to transverse
wave experiments. Drive the speaker with a function generator to
create stable wave patterns at specified frequencies. Then connect
an oscilloscope or ScienceWorkshop computer interface to the
microphone to examine the waveforms in detail. The 90 cm long,
clear plastic tube is simple and rugged.
Musical Instrument Holes
Built-in Speaker/
Microphone
Assembly
Movable Microphone
Two methods of investigating wave patterns:
Position the microphone
at the edge of the tube or
use the probe to position it
anywhere inside the tube.
Easily locate all the nodes
and antinodes of a standing wave pattern.
Movable piston
with a movable piston and fixed microphone...
Setup is easy.
A function generator
is used to drive the
speaker.
A pair of holes in the tube let
students investigate the effects
of closed and open holes in
musical instruments. When
performing other experiments,
the holes can be covered with
the included slip rings.
This DataStudio FFT
display shows the
frequency spectrum
for a sound above 600
Hz recorded by the
Resonance Tube’s
microphone.
Microphone on probe rod
with a fixed piston and movable microphone.
The oscilloscope display
shows two traces: the green
trace is the output signal
from the Resonance Tube’s
microphone, and the red
trace is the output signal
from DataStudio’s Signal
Generator.
Includes:
1.90 cm Acrylic Tube with mounting stand and built-in
millimeter scale
2. Piston and Rod for adjusting tube length
3. Miniature Microphone
4. Microphone Probe Rod for examining the waveform inside the tube
5. Speaker Assembly
6. Two holes with slip ring covers
7.BNC-to-Banana Plug Adapter (not shown— used to connect to
ScienceWorkshop interface)
8. Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide (not shown)
Equipment Required:
ScienceWorkshop 700 or 750 Interface
CI-6552A Power Amplifier (ScienceWorkshop 700 or 750 only) or
PI-9587C Function Generator to drive the Resonance Tube CI-6503 Voltage Sensor to monitor the detector
Order Information:
Resonance Tube........................................................................................ WA-9612
Required for use with ScienceWorkshop:
ScienceWorkshop 750 Interface................................................................................... p.
Voltage Sensor.......................................................................................... CI-6503
p.
Power Amplifier II.................................................................................. CI-6552A
p.
(for ScienceWorkshop 700 or 750 Interface only)
Required for use without sensors:
20 MHz Dual Trace Oscilloscope......................................... SB-9591A
p.
Function Generator. ............................................................................ PI-8127
p.
Replacement Supplies:
Replacement Speaker...................................................................... WA-9662
68-72
79
70
282
284
297
Waves and Sound – Transverse Waves
Complete Wave Motion Demonstrator
Single Section Wave
Motion Demonstrator
SE-9600
SE-9601
A Produces Slow-Moving, High-Amplitude Transverse Waves
A Demonstrates All Basic Wave Phenomena
SE-9600 Complete Wave Motion Demonstrator: in three sections. The high-amplitude, slow-moving waves provide
a fascinating introduction to basic wave phenomena.
The PASCO SE-9600 Complete (Transverse)
Wave Motion Demonstrator allows mechanical waves to be created to demonstrate the
behavior and properties common to many
types of waves.
How It Works
A series of steel rods is attached at their
centers to a torsion wire. When a rod is
displaced and released, a wave propagates
along the rod. Velocity depends on the
torsion constant of the wire and the
moment of inertia of the rods.
The SE-9601 Single Section Wave Motion Demonstrator:
A-frame design collapses for easy storage.
Three Wave Sections: Each section has
rods of different lengths, allowing reflection
and transmission demonstrations.
-S
ection 1 is 92 cm long with 46 cm
rods.
-S
ection 2 is 92 cm long with 23 cm
rods. The resulting wave velocity is
about three times as fast.
-S
ection 3 is 46 cm long with rods that
vary exponentially from 46 cm to 23
cm. This section acts as an impedancematching unit.
Yellow Rod Tips: Easy viewing and highlights wave motion.
Features
Folds for Compact Storage
2.3 Meters Long: Plenty of room to watch
the wave develop and interact.
Easy Setup
Order Information:
Includes:
Section 1 (46 cm long rods)
Length of section: 92 cm
Clamp for rigid termination
Dash Pot for liquid damping
Order Information:
Complete Wave
Motion Demonstrator........................... SE-9600
Single Section Wave
Motion Demonstrator........................... SE-9601
Matter Model
Longitudinal
Waves
ME-9825A
A Dynamic Model of Solid Materials
A E
xcellent Visualization of Wave
Motion
Transverse Waves
A E
asily Assembled into a Variety of
Configurations
Students can investigate wave properties
including reflection, wave speed, and
standing waves. See page 204 for more
information on Matter Model.
298
Includes:
Atoms (40)
Heavy springs (60) (350 N/m spring constant)
Light springs (60) (70 N/m spring constant)
Long Springs (60)
Nuts (30) (for increasing the atom mass)
Brass rod (1)
Order Information:
Matter Model............................................. ME-9825A
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Wave Media
Demonstration Wave
Spring
Double-Length Slinky
Elastic Wave Cord
SE-8760
SE-9409
The Slinky is an excellent tool for demonstrating transverse and longitudinal wave
phenomena. This Double-Length Slinky is
twice as long as a traditional slinky, allowing students to create well-defined wave
pulses and standing wave patterns. The
tension in the Slinky is very low, causing
wave pulses to travel slowly throughout its
length.
This highly visible elastic cord can be
used to set up standing transverse waves.
Or, pluck it to watch wave propagation.
Approximately 3 mm diameter and 90
meters in length.
WA-7334
The Demonstration Wave Spring is ideal for
illustrating mechanical wave properties such
as frequency, wavelength and interference.
Because it’s not as stiff as the Snakey (below),
the Demonstration Wave Spring provides a
different medium in which to study waves.
Two hooks on either end allow students to
stretch this spring to a length of 8 meters.
It has a diameter of 2.3 cm and an
unstretched length of 80 cm.
Order Information:
Double-Length Slinky........................... SE-8760
Clear standing wave
patterns can easily be
created.
Order Information:
Elastic Wave Cord....................................... SE-9409
Digital Stroboscope
Glow String (2 pack)
SF-9211
SE-8690
A 1
-300 Flashes per Second
(18,000 RPM)
A Digital Frequency Readout
A B
right: A Xenon flash
tube with a 14 cm wide reflector
Order Information:
This “string” glows in the dark after being
exposed to light. Use it to demonstrate
wave motion, including resonance and
standing wave patterns. Two rolls are
included, totaling over 15 meters of string.
Demonstration
Wave Spring. ..................................................... WA-7334
Snakey
SE-7331
The extra-long metal spring is ideal for the
study of mechanical waves. The Snakey has
an unstretched length of 80 centimeters. Pull
the convenient end loops more than 7 meters
apart to demonstrate transverse, longitudinal
and standing waves.
See page 225 for more information.
Glow String forming a standing wave using PASCO’s
String Vibrator WA-9857, Sine Wave Generator
WA-9867 and a UV Light Source SE-7228.
Color of string may be different from
what is shown.
See page 334 for more information on
UV Light Source.
Order Information:
Order Information:
Order Information:
Snakey. ..................................................................... SE-7331
Digital Stroboscope................................. SF-9211
Glow String (2 pack)............................... SE-8690
299
Waves and Sound – WAVEPORT
Software
Single User
Classroom License
Site License
CI-6872D
CI-6858B
CI-6874D
A No sensors required
A Uses computer sound card to generate and record sound
A Intuitive, yet powerful analysis tools
In the Sound Analyzer mode, the computer listens to sound through a
microphone. The waveform and the FFT of the frequencies comprising
the sound are displayed. In this case, a student was singing a note
centered on 280 Hz.
Using the hand icons, students can change the frequency, wavelength, and
phase of sound waves. In this case, the sum of the waves is shown and
beats can be seen and heard.
Never before have students had the opportunity to learn about
waves and sound in such an interactive manner. WAVEPORT
engages students’ senses, allowing them to see, hear and feel
sound waves. WAVEPORT software uses only the internal sound
capability of the computer, so no additional equipment is necessary.
WAVEPORT also enables students to collect and analyze sound
waves. Using an external sound source or a favorite music CD, students can see the changes in the sound waves as they change the
input sound. Students can whistle into the computer microphone
and observe the waveform on the screen. Next, they can change
the pitch of their whistle and see the changes in the waveform.
WAVEPORT allows students to directly manipulate a waveform to
see, feel and hear the effects of their manipulations. Students can
change the frequency of the waveform by dragging an intuitive icon
across the screen. As the students change the frequency on the
screen, they can hear the changing sound waves from the computer’s speakers! All data created in WAVEPORT can easily be exported
into DataStudio for more detailed analysis.
In the Piano mode, students can relate pressing piano keys to the notes
they hear and the waveform they see.
Each WAVEPORT CD includes:
WAVEPORT Software
Six DataStudio Workbooks:
- Sound Creator Tutorial
- Creating Sound
- Constructive/Destructive
Interference
- Sound Analyzer Tutorial
- Beat Frequency
- Capturing Sound
DataStudio Lite
WAVEPORT Computer Requirements
Windows™: 2000 or higher
Free RAM: 8 MB (16 MB preferred), CD-ROM
drive, hard disk (20 MB free)
Macintosh®: MAC OS X v. 10.4 or higher
(Universal Binary), Free RAM: 8 MB (16 MB preferred),
CD-ROM drive, hard disk (20 MB free)
300
MAC
•
Windows
WAVEPORT may be purchased as a single copy for use with one
computer, or as a Classroom License for use in a single K-12 classroom, or as a Site License for use on all computers in a high school
or college/university department.
Order Information:
WAVEPORT Software (Single User)..............................................CI-6872D
WAVEPORT Software (Site License).............................................CI-6874D
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound – Doppler
Doppler Rocket
Demonstrate Waves and Doppler
WA-9826
Ripple Tank System
AExperience the Frequency Shift of
Sound Waves
A Easily Generate High Velocity Motion
A Rugged Construction
WA-9899
O-rings
Remove easily to
change battery
Skinned Foam Body
Protects buzzer during impact
PASCO’s Ripple Tank is perfect for demonstrating waves that
students can actually see! Vary the amplitude and frequency, and
use the built-in strobe to “stop” the waves or make them appear to
move slowly. Students can investigate speed of wave propagation,
superposition of waves (interference), reflection, refraction and
diffraction. In the photo below, the Doppler Effect is demonstrated
by rotating the Ripple Generator on its stand, causing the single
point source dipper to move though the water.
Rope Tube
The Doppler
Effect is clearly
demonstrated
by moving the
dipper. In this
picture the
movement is
downward.
Pass rope through to fly horizontally
Flying Horizontally — A set of
two ropes can be passed through
the center of the unit. This allows
students to use the included handles
to propel the Doppler Rocket across
the room at high velocities. The unit
is guided by the ropes. Students hear
the change in pitch as the Doppler
Rocket flies past them.
White LED Strobe
Ripple Generator
Producing wave pattern
for single point source
Cool running, produces
bright, clear, wave
patterns
Water covered
glass plate
The Doppler Rocket combines the elements of a toy with an audio
Doppler shift to create an educational experience students won’t
forget. The Doppler Rocket emits a true, sinusoidal sound waveform
at a constant frequency of approximately 620 Hz. The circuit and
speaker are housed in skinned foam that protect the unit during
normal impacts. The circuit is powered by a 9V battery. As the
Doppler Rocket passes the students, they hear a noticeable shift in
frequency. Velocities of 10 m/s can be easily achieved, resulting in a
20 Hz shift in frequency.
Ripple
Tank
Includes:
Doppler Rocket
Rope (30 meters)
Handles (4)
Handle Cushions (4)
Battery (9 Volt)
Order Information:
Order Information:
Doppler Rocket.........................................................................................................WA-9826
Ripple Tank System.........................................................WA-9899
p. 286-287
301
Waves and Sound – Tuning Forks
Resonance Boxes
Tuning Fork Set
Ideal for use with
TM
Ideal for use with
TM
SE-7342
Resonance Box (Single)
SE-7344
Sympathetic Resonance
Box Set SE-7345
(b)
(a)
Resonance boxes are great
instruments for amplifying sound
from a tuning fork. These boxes are
constructed from hardwood and
feature an A4 tuning fork mounted
directly to the box. Use WAVEPORT
software to measure the sound
waves and beat frequencies created
by these resonance boxes.
The tuning fork has long been the tool of
choice for helping students understand the
relationship between wave frequency and
pitch. These high-quality aluminum tuning
forks are both rugged and economical. The
set includes eight forks representing a full
octave of frequencies, a soft protective
case and a rubber mallet.
Note
Frequency
C
256 Hz
D
288 Hz
Resonance Box (Single)
E
320 Hz
Hardwood resonance box with a
256 Hz A4 tuning fork (a)
F
341.3 Hz
G
384 Hz
A
426.7 Hz
480 Hz
512 Hz
Sympathetic Resonance Box Set
Hardwood resonance box with a
256 Hz A4 tuning fork (a)
Order Information:
Resonance Box.............................................. SE-7344
B
Hardwood resonance box with an
adjustable tuning fork (b)
Sympathetic Resonance
Box Set..................................................................... SE-7345
C
Chime Set
Recommended:
WAVEPORT Software............................. CI-6872D
Ideal for use with
TM
SE-9081
The Chime Set features three chimes
which produce easily heard tones at
1750, 2650 and 3500 Hz. The highest
frequency chime is one octave above
the lowest frequency chime. Use
WAVEPORT software to analyze the
sound waves from the Chime Set.
Length of bars (1.2 cm diameter):
17.7 cm, 14.4 cm, 12.4 cm.
Order Information:
Tuning Fork Set............................................. SE-7342
Adjustable
Tuning Fork
SE-7343
Use the Adjustable Tuning Fork to demonstrate how to change the frequency of a
tuning fork. Includes a 240 Hz tuning fork
and two adjustable masses. The adjustable masses can be moved up and down
to change the pitch. Conveniently labeled
notches allow an entire octave from “C”
to “B” to be produced.
Order Information:
Order Information:
Chime Set............................................................. SE-9081
Adjustable Tuning Fork........................ SE-7343
302
www.pasco.com
Waves and Sound
Slide Whistles (4 pack)
SE-8686
Ideal for use with
Acoustics Demonstration
Disc
Digital Sound Level
Meter
SE-9410
SE-9761C
Ideal for use with
TM
TM
These brightly colored whistles are a great
tool for demonstrating the relationship
between tube length and pitch. Students
blow into the mouthpiece and change the
length of the tube by pulling the piston handle. As the length of the tube is increased,
the frequency of the whistle varies from
approximately 1500 Hz to a minimum of
500 Hz.
A 3
9 Aural
Demonstrations
A High-Quality Compact Disc
A C
ompact, Easy to Use
A Versatile Measurements
A ±1.5 dB Accuracy
Between the physics of sound and the
app­re­ciation of a Bach fugue lies the fascinating field of psychoacoustics. The basic
question is simple: What is the relationship
be­tween physical vibrations in the air and
the sounds we perceive?
The Digital Sound
Lever Meter provides
greater accuracy and
more sophisticated
measuring capabilities
than an analog meter.
The high-quality digital compact disc
provides 39 aural demonstrations that introduce the key elements of human sound
perception. Each demonstration highlights a
particular aspect of human hearing.
SE-9410
Acoustics
Demonstration
Disc:
Order Information:
Slide Whistles (4 pack)......................... SE-8686
Sound Tubes (4 pack)
SE-8692
39 aural
demonstrations
introduce students
to the fascinating field
of psychoacoustics.
Investigate:
Features
Frequency analysis and critical bands
Easy push button operation
Sound pressure, power and loudness
Wide range; 40 to 130 dB
Masking
Large 3-1/2 digit display
Pitch
Variable response rate
Timbre
Beats, combination tones, distortion
and echoes
The Digital Sound Level Meter comes
ready-to-use with a built-in microphone
and four AAA batteries.
Biaural effects
Specifications
When students spin these tubes over their
heads the tube produces an audible tone
similar to that produced by blowing across
the mouth of a bottle. As the tube is spun
faster, the resonant frequency increases.
Five different frequencies can be achieved.
Four tubes of various colors are included.
Order Information:
Sound Tubes (4 pack)............................. SE-8692
Ranges: 40 to 130 dB
Accuracy: ± 1.5 dB
Frequency Range: 31.5 Hz to 8 kHz
Frequency Weighting: A and C
Time Weighting: Fast and Slow
Auxiliary Outputs: AC conditioned,
0.707 V rms
Display: 3-1/2 digit LCD
Power: Four AAA batteries (included)
Order Information:
Acoustics
Demonstration Disc
...............................
SE-9410
Required:
Order Information:
Compact Disc Player (Headphones required
for biaural demonstrations)
Digital Sound Level
Meter. .................................................................. SE-9761C
303