MODULE 2: INFRASTRUCTURE FAMILIARIZATION
MODULE 2
TYPES OF OFF-ROAD SIGNS
Prohibitory Signs
Warning Signs
Prohibitory Signs show actions that are disallowed. Disobeying
these signs is punishable by law.
“No Riding”
Cycling is not allowed in
this area. Areas where
riding is prohibited
include pedestrian
overhead bridges
“Pedestrian or Cyclist
Crossing Prohibition”
Pedestrians and cyclists are
not allowed to cross at this
location. Use the crossing
ahead instead.
Warning Signs are used to warn cyclists of possible dangers ahead.
Cyclists should follow these signs for their own safety.
“Go Slow and Give Way To Pedestrians”
Slow down and give way to pedestrians.
“Watch Out For Vehicles”
Slow down and look out for approaching
vehicles.
“Slow”
Slow down and ride cautiously beyond
the sign.
“Caution – Low Headroom”
Be cautious of the low headroom ahead.
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TYPES OF OFF-ROAD SIGNS
Advisory Signs
Information Signs/Markings/Signals
Advisory Signs educate path users on proper shared path
etiquette. Cyclists should follow these signs for a safer ride.
Information Signs help to inform you and direct you along the
cycling path to points of interest.
“Stay on Track”
Segregated pedestrian and
cycling paths are provided.
Stay on your respective
paths.
“Shared Track”
The path is to be shared by both cyclists
and pedestrians. Cyclists are to keep left
and give way to pedestrians when
riding.
“Cyclist Crossing”
“Bicycle Crossing with ‘Stop’
or ‘Look’ box”
Cyclists should use the bicycle
crossing provided. Cyclists are
to wait behind the solid yellow
line when waiting for the lights
to turn green.
“Bicycle Crossing Signal Lights”
Proceed when the Green Bicycle
lights up.
Do NOT attempt to cross when the
Red Bicycle lights up or when the
Green Bicycle light is flashing.
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TYPES OF PATHS
Footpath
Segregated Pedestrian and Cycling path
Shared path
Types of Paths
Footpath
Footpaths do not have any markings or treatments and are generally grey in colour.
They are commonly found all around Singapore connecting pedestrians from one
location to another.
Segregated Pedestrian and Cycling path
Segregated pedestrian and cycling paths are identified by a bicycle logo. Cyclists
should stay on the cycling path and avoid riding on the pedestrian path.
Shared path
Shared paths allow for pedestrians and cyclists to travel on the same path. Cyclists
are to keep left when riding on these paths and give way to pedestrians at all times.
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OFF-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS
Cycling path
Shared/Cycling Path Ground Markings
Ground markings provides cyclists with information on the type
of path they are on.
Path Identifiers
Path Identifiers such as the path’s name or colour help to inform
cyclists that they are on a shared/cycling path. Park Connector
Networks, which are shared paths, are typically identified with
the PCN logo imprinted onto the path while riding paths are
coloured in red.
Mileage Marking
Mileage Markings inform path users on the distance to the
destination as indicated on the marking.
Speed Regulating Strips
Shared path
Speed Regulating Strips help to reduce the cyclist’s speed such
as on downhill sections of a path, before approaching a junction
or potential areas of conflict with pedestrians or motorists.
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OFF-ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
Map Boards
High Pedestrian Traffic Areas
Map Boards are commonly found along Park Connector
Networks or cycling paths. They provide information on your
current position, the surrounding area and show you different
routes that are available in the vicinity.
High pedestrian traffic areas are locations where there is high
number of pedestrians and increased pedestrian-cyclist interaction,
such as bus stops.
Map Boards also provide information on the nearby amenities,
rest areas, emergency services, etc.
Speed regulating strips and ‘LOOK’ ground markings help inform
both cyclists and pedestrians that they are entering into a high
pedestrian traffic area and to keep alert when crossing.
Source: LTA CQ1609 Contract
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TYPES OFF-ROAD CYCLING CROSSINGS
Signalised Crossings
Bicycle Traffic Light
Crossings
Bicycle Traffic Light Crossings have bicycle
crossings for cyclists and cyclists should keep
left and stay within the bicycle crossing when
crossing the road. Cyclists should cross the
road at walking speed.
Bicycle Crossing
Instruction Sign
Bicycle Crossing
button
Pedestrian Traffic
Light Crossings
Signalised Pedestrian Crossings do NOT have
dedicated cycling lanes, thus cyclists should
keep to the left, and ride in an orderly manner
when crossing the road. Cyclists should cross
the road at walking speed. Always look out and
give way to pedestrians who are crossing with
you.
Cyclists are to obey the traffic light signals,
denoted by ‘green’ and ‘red’ signal lights.
Always look out for vehicles before you cross
the road.
Pedestrian Crossing
Pedestrian
Instruction Sign
Crossing button
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TYPES OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS
Non-Signalised Crossings
Marked Non-Signalised Crossings,
such as zebra crossings, are
indicated by thick solid white lines
on the road and, flashing yellow
beacons with a blue pedestrian
crossing.
Cyclists should stop and look out for
approaching traffic before crossing
the road at walking speed.
Pedestrian
Crossing Sign
Informal Crossings can be found at
junctions where a footpath or cycling
path intersects with a road. Common
types of informal crossings include
carpark accesses, indicated by a green
carpark sign as shown on the right, and
minor
road
junctions
within
neighbourhoods which do NOT have
any indication or marking.
Cyclists should slow down and keep a
look out for the crossing ahead and also
look out for approaching vehicles.
HDB carpark
access sign
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TYPES OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS
Underpasses
Cycling is allowed through underpasses unless there is a ‘No Riding’ sign. Please exercise caution around underpasses and take note of low
headroom, blind spots and steep ramps.
For underpasses with cycling lanes, cyclists should stay within the provided cycling lanes. For underpasses without cycling lanes, cyclists
should keep left and ride in an orderly manner.
Cyclists should slow down and ride at a walking speed when entering into underpasses and keep a look out for pedestrians and other path
users.
MODULE 2
TYPES OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS
Pedestrian Overhead Bridges
Riding is not allowed on all pedestrian overhead bridges and their connecting ramps. Riding is also not allowed on bridges where there is a ‘No
Riding’ sign.
On bridges where riding is not allowed, you should dismount and push your device Offenders are liable to pay a fine.
For Pedestrian Overhead Bridges with wheeling ramps, cyclists
should use the wheeling ramps to push their device up the bridge.
Do NOT ride across the overhead bridge but push it across.
How to use the Wheeling Ramp:
Tilt the device slightly towards you and
keep the pedals away from the railings
For Pedestrian Overhead Bridges without wheeling ramps,
cyclists should carry their bicycles up the bridge. Push your device
across the overhead bridge. Do NOT ride across the overhead
bridge.
Push the device up while holding
on to the handlebar and seat.
When going down, hold the handlebar
with both hands and be prepared to
apply brakes if necessary.
MODULE 2
TYPES OFF-ROAD CROSSINGS
Ramps leading to Pedestrian Overhead Bridges
Bicycle Bridges
Bicycle bridges have dedicated pedestrian and bicycle lanes,
demarcated by ground markings. ride within the demarcated
bicycle path in an orderly manner for your own safety.
Pedestrian Overhead Bridge with ramps leading up to the top of
the bridge are constructed for the mobility-challenged and are not
meant for riding. Do NOT ride across these bridges.
Cyclists should dismount and push their bicycles when crossing
these bridges
Cyclists should dismount and push their bicycles if they find that
the slope of the incline for any part of the bicycle bridge is too
steep. Do NOT continue riding on an incline if your steering starts
to wobble before you reach the top.
Maintain control of your device and your speed when going
downslope.
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ON-ROAD SIGNAGE
Mandatory Signs
Mandatory signs are meant for all on-road users, including road cyclists, to follow. Disobeying these signs is a prosecutable offence.
“STOP”
Stop before the WHITE line. Give way to
traffic from the right and the left.
“GIVE WAY”
Slow down and stop if necessary. Give
way to traffic on major road.
“LEFT TURN ON RED”
• Indicate your intention to turn
• Stop at the Red Light and give way to
pedestrians crossing
• Give way to traffic approaching from
the right
• Look out for left-turning vehicles
behind you
• Proceed only when it is safe to do so.
“STOP-CHILDREN”
Stop and look out for pedestrians
crossing the road.
TURN
RIGHT
TURN
RIGHT
AHEAD
AHEAD
ONLY
TURN
LEFT
TURN
LEFT
AHEAD
KEEP
LEFT
PASS EITHER SIDE
You may pass on either
side of the road. Use
the appropriate hand
signals to indicate to
other road users on
your intent to keep left
or right.
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ON-ROAD SIGNAGE
Prohibitory Signs
Warning Signs
Prohibitory Signs are used to prohibit specific kinds of actions.
Disobeying these signs is a prosecutable offence.
Warning Signs are used to warn on-road users of the possible
dangers ahead. Cyclists should slow down and proceed cautiously
after seeing these signs.
NO ENTRY
BEND TO THE LEFT AHEAD
Slow down and keep left.
Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park/stop
your bicycle.
NO RIGHT TURN
BEND TO THE RIGHT AHEAD
Slow down and keep left.
Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park/stop
your bicycle.
NO LEFT TURN
NO OVERTAKING
NO ENTRY TO MOTORCYCLES AND PEDAL CYCLES
(including bicycle and electric bicycles)
DOUBLE BEND AHEAD
Slow down and keep left.
Do NOT overtake, U-turn
or park/stop your bicycle.
CROSS ROADS AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of traffic when
approaching the junction.
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ON-ROAD SIGNAGE
T-JUNCTION AHEAD
Slow down. Give way to traffic from the right
and the left.
SIDE ROAD TO THE LEFT AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of vehicles joining from
the left. Be extra cautious when your vision
is being obstructed by trees or signs.
SIDE ROAD TO THE RIGHT AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of vehicles joining from
the right. Be extra cautious when your vision
is being obstructed by trees or signs.
Y-JUNCTION
Slow down. Use the
appropriate hand signals to
indicate to other road users
on your intent to keep left
or right.
TRAFFIC MERGES FROM THE LEFT AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of traffic joining from
the left.
ROUNDABOUT AHEAD
Give way to traffic on the right. Keep a look
out for vehicles that are changing lanes to
exit, are too large or are travelling too fast.
STAGGERED JUNCTION, LEFT TURN FIRST
AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of vehicles joining from
the right and the left.
TWO WAY TRAFFIC AHEAD
Slow down and keep left. Beware of
oncoming traffic.
TWO WAY TRAFFIC ON A ONE WAY
CARRAIGEWAY AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of traffic joining from
the right and the left.
MERGE AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of traffic merging from
the right or the left.
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ON-ROAD SIGNAGE
ROAD NARROWS ON RIGHT AHEAD
Slow down. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park
your bicycle.
TRAFFIC SIGNALS AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of traffic lights changing.
Obey the traffic light rules.
ROAD NARROWS ON LEFT AHEAD
Slow down. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park
your bicycle.
PEDESTRAIN CROSSING AHEAD
Slow down. Stop for pedestrians
designated crossings.
ROAD NARROWS ON BOTH SIDES AHEAD
Slow down. Do NOT overtake, U-turn or park
your bicycle.
EXPRESSWAY AHEAD
Do NOT enter. Cycling is prohibited on
expressways.
DUAL CARRAIGEWAY ENDS AHEAD
Slow down and keep left. Beware of merging
traffic.
VEHICLE BREAKDOWN
Slow down and stop if necessary and prepare
to overtake stalled vehicle by using the
appropriate hand signals.
SLIPPERY ROAD AHEAD
Slow down and cycle carefully.
U-TURN AHEAD
Slow down and stop if necessary. Beware of
on-coming traffic.
at
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ON-ROAD SIGNAGE
UNEVEN ROAD AHEAD
Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake.
HORSES OR PONIES AHEAD
Slow down and stop if necessary.
Beware of animals.
ROAD HUMP AHEAD
Slow down and keep left. Do NOT overtake.
LOW FLYING AIRCRAFT AHEAD
Beware of sudden noise from low
flying aircraft.
STEEP HILL UPWARDS AHEAD
Keep left and change to a lower gear.
Dismount and push your bicycle by the left
side of the road if necessary.
STEEP HILL DOWNWARDS AHEAD
Keep left and change to a lower gear.
Maintain control of the speed of your bicycle
and do NOT free-wheel.
QUAYSIDE OR RIVER BANK AHEAD
Slow down. Beware of road ending ahead.
ELDERLY OR HANDICAPPED PEDESTRIANS
AHEAD
Slow down. Keep a look out for mobilityimpaired or elderly pedestrians crossing the
road.
RAISED ZEBRA CROSSING
Slow down. Stop for pedestrians
crossing at the raised zebra crossing.
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ON-ROAD SIGNAGE
Regulatory Signs
Regulatory Signs are used to help regulate traffic movement on the
carriageway.
REDUCE SPEED NOW
KEEP LEFT UNLESS OVERTAKING
Keep and stay to the left side of the road and
leave the outermost right lane for overtaking
vehicles.
ROAD WORKS AHEAD
Slow down and beware of obstruction ahead
due to road works.
DETOUR
Sharp Deviation
Slow down and cycle in the direction indicated.
ONE WAY TRAFFIC
One-directional movement along this road.
Beware of vehicles joining the traffic from
the left and the right.
ONE WAY STREET TO THE LEFT
One way street begins from this sign. Beware
of vehicles turning into the one way street.
SINGLE LANE TRAFFIC
Slow down and give way as traffic converges
into a single lane.
CURVE ALIGNMENT MARKER
Slow down and cycle carefully at bends.
DETOUR AHEAD 50M
Slow down and get ready to detour ahead.
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ON-ROAD SIGNAGE
Information Signs
Information Signs provide useful information to cyclists and other
motorists on the carriageway.
NO THROUGH ROAD ON SIDE ROAD TO RIGHT
Road on the right does not lead to another road.
NO THROUGH ROAD
Road ahead ends within a short distance.
U-TURN
U-turn is available ahead. Filter into the
appropriate lane in preparation of U-turning
movement.
RAIN SHELTER
Rain shelter for motorcyclists and on-road
cyclists.
WHITE WALKING STICKS
Slow down and be prepared to stop. Give
way to visually-impaired pedestrians in the
area.
TRAFFIC SIGNAL OPERATING HOURS
Traffic Signals are operational only during the
stated hours.
START OF EXPRESSWAY
Look out for and avoid entering into the
expressway. Bicycles are NOT allowed on
expressways.
SPEED REGULATING STRIPS AHEAD
Slow down.
PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
Keep a look out for pedestrians crossing.
Slow down to a stop if there are pedestrians
crossing or about to cross the road.
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ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS
Directional Arrow Markings
Directional arrows on the lanes of the carriageway indicate the direction where motorists or on-road cyclists can move to.
Merging Arrows
Merging arrows indicate that two traffic lanes are merging into one traffic lane.
Alternate vehicles from the two lanes have the right-of-way into the single lane. On-road
cyclists are to keep a look out for in-coming vehicles from the rear and the side when
entering the merged lane.
MODULE 2
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS
Zebra Crossings Markings
White Zig-Zag Lines by Side of the Road
White Zig-Zag Lines by Side of the Road
White zig-zag lines by the side of the road indicate
that there is a pedestrian crossing ahead. On-road
Cyclists should slow down and be prepared to stop
to allow for pedestrians to cross.
Zebra Crossing Lines
Thick, solid white lines across the road indicate a
zebra crossing. On-road cyclists should slow down to
a stop if there are pedestrians crossing or about to
cross the road.
Zebra Crossing Lines
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Raised Zebra Crossings Markings
Raised Zebra Crossing Lines
Thick, solid white lines with yellow and
black checkered boxes by the side indicate a
raised zebra crossing. On-road cyclists should
slow down to a stop if there are pedestrians
crossing or about to cross the road. Beware
of the raised hump.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Signalised Crossings Markings and Infrastructure
Traffic Lights
Traffic Lights indicate whether you can proceed to move and make the
crossing or not.
Traffic Lights
Green Light/Arrow
Look out for any in-coming
traffic. Only proceed when
it is safe to do so.
Parallel Dashed White Lines
Amber Light/Arrow
Slow down and be
prepared to stop.
Red Light/Arrow
Stop and do not proceed
Bus Signal Priority
Flashing Amber Lights
A green “B” light
indicates a bus signal
priority. Only buses are
allowed to proceed
when the green “B”
lights up.
Flashing amber lights
indicate that there are
traffic lights ahead. Onroad cyclists should slow
down and be prepared to
stop.
Parallel Dashed White Lines
Parallel dashed white lines indicate a dedicated pedestrian crossing. On-road
cyclists should give way to pedestrians who are crossing the signalised
crossing when the “Green Man” lights up.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings
Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings
Pedestrian Crossing Ahead Markings
The triangular shaped marking as shown in the
diagram above indicates that there is a zebra
crossing ahead. On-road cyclists should slow down
and be prepared to stop to allow for pedestrians to
cross the road.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Bus Lane Markings
Normal Bus Lane
Full-Day Bus Lane
Full-Day Bus Lane: Monday to Saturday – 7:30am to 11:00pm
A red and yellow line on a lane of the road indicates a full-day bus lane. On-road cyclists should cycle in a single file when cycling in the bus
lane during bus lane operating hours and be extra cautious when there is heavy bus traffic.
Normal Bus Lane: Monday to Friday – 7:30am to 9:30am
5:00pm to 8:00pm
A yellow line on a lane of the road indicates a normal bus lane. On-road cyclists should cycle in a single file when cycling in the bus lane
during bus lane operating hours and be extra cautious when there is heavy bus traffic.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Road Markings found at Bus Stops under ‘Bus Priority Box’ Scheme
Give-Way
Triangle
Give-Way Lines
Bus Priority Box
Bus Priority Box, Give Way lines and Give Way Triangle marking
Give way triangle markings, give way lines and a yellow box with an arrow placed at the exit of a bus bay indicates a mandatory give-way
to buses area.
On-road cyclists should slow down upon approaching the first give way triangle marking and look out for buses exiting the bus bay. On-road
cyclists shall come to a complete stop after the second give way triangle marking and before the give way lines to give way to buses exiting
the bus bay.
On-road cyclists may continue cycling onwards after all buses have fully exited the bus bay and when there are no more buses exiting the
bus bay.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Road Markings found at Bus Stops
Enhanced Chevron Zone at Bus-Stop Separator
Red and white Bus-stop separator areas indicate an enhanced chevron zone. The enhanced chevron zone alerts motorists and on-road
cyclists that buses may be exiting from the bus bay. On-road cyclists should not enter the enhanced chevron zone and look out for buses
exiting the bus bay.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Road Markings on at Road Junctions
Single Solid White Line
Parallel Broken White Lines
Parallel Broken White Lines
Single Solid White Line
2 rows of parallel broken white lines indicate the end of a minor
junction as it joins into the major road.
A single solid white line indicates a stop line. On-road cyclists must
stop before the line and look out for traffic along the adjacent road.
On-road cyclists should slow down and be prepared to stop when
approaching. On-road cyclists shall give way to traffic on the major
road.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Road Markings on at Road Junctions (cont’d)
Right-Turn Pocket
Yellow Box
Yellow Box
Right-Turn Pocket
A yellow box as shown in the diagram above indicates that
motorists are not allowed to stop or wait in this box. On-road
cyclists on the major road should not stop within the yellow box
when traffic comes to a standstill. Keep a look out for vehicles
turning out from the minor road when crossing the yellow box.
Broken white lines that form a box extending from a right turning
lane as shown in the diagram above indicates a right-turn pocket.
On-road cyclists turning right at junctions with right-turn pockets
should stay within the pocket while waiting for on-coming traffic to
clear up before proceeding to turn right when it is safe to do so.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE – SCHOOL ZONE
School Zones indicate areas around schools where motorists and
cyclists have to be mindful of students. They are identified by the
“School Zone” signs at the start and end of the zone.
There will be various traffic signs to inform cyclists and motorists
that they are entering into a school zone, as shown below.
“SLOW” and “SCHOOL” road markings as well as red textured road
surfaces help to alert motorists that they are approaching a school
zone.
Red Textured Road Surface
Start/End of School Zone
Slow down and stop if necessary. Keep a look out for children
walking or crossing the road.
When cycling through a school zone, keep a look out for vehicles
entering and exiting the school’s vehicle accesses. Be mindful of
passengers/drivers alighting from cars parked along the roadside.
“40 km/h When Lights Flash” Sign
This sign is placed at the start of a demarcated Enhanced School
Zone (with reduced speed limit).
It indicates that the section of road ahead fronts a primary/special
school and that vehicles shall not travel at more than 40 km per
hour in the school zone when the accompanying amber lights are
flashing alternately.
ON-ROAD GROUND MARKINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE – SILVER ZONE
Silver Zones indicate areas which have received road safety
improvements due to a larger population of seniors living in those
particular areas. Cyclists in these zones should be alert to senior
pedestrians and reduce speeds.
Informal
Crossings
Informal Crossings
are placed at
locations to
facilitate pedestrian
crossing activities
without impeding
traffic efficiency. At
these crossings,
vehicles have the
right-of-way.
Traffic signs located at the entrance into Silver Zones inform
cyclists that they entering a special zone.
Cyclists should observe the posted speed limit within Silver Zone
where sign and road markings will be implemented to indicate the
speed limit. Road markings, such as three yellow rumble strips,
help reduce the cyclists’ speed when entering Silver Zones.
Yellow Rumble Strips
Traffic calming road
improvements such as chicanes
and reduction of lane widths
can be found in Silver Zones.
Chicanes
Chicanes
Chicanes comprises of a series
of S-shaped curves, motorists
are encourage to drive slowly
and carefully. Cyclists should be
alert of such infrastructure and
position themselves in the
centre of the lane for their own
safety.
Silver Zone
Sign
End of Silver
Zone Sign
Senior
Pedestrians
40km/h Speed
Limit sign
Beyond
this
sign, do not
exceed 40kmh.