PART V
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Chapter 16 General Description
Chapter 17 The Central Nervous System
Chapter 18 The Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 19 The Nervous Pathways
Chapter 20 Meninges and Blood Vessels of the Brain and
Spinal Cord, and the Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Chapter 16 General introduction
The function of nervous system ：
1、To control and regulate the activity of other systems, and make
human body as an organic integrity.
2、To maintain the unification of organism and the external
environment.
3、The nervous system of mankind can not only adapt to environment,
but also reform world subjectively.
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the classification of nervous system
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
somatic nerve
somatic sensory nerve
distribution visceral nerve
somatic motor nerve
sensory nerve
visceral sensory nerve
function
motor nerve
visceral motor nerve
location
Central Nervous System (CNS)
includes brain and spinal cord, and contains the cell
body of most neurons.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
includes 12 pair of cranial nerves, 31 pair of spinal
nerves, which mainly contains the axon of the
sensory neuron and motor neuron.
Visceral Motor Nerve
sympathetic nerve
parasympathetic nerve
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the composition of nervous system
nervous
system
nervous
tissue
neuron
neuroglia
neuron
It is the basic unit of structure and function
of nervous system, which perform the
function of receiving stimulation and
conducting nervous impulse.
1. the structure of neuron
cell body
neuron
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process
Nissl body
neurofibril
dendrite
axon
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the common terms of nervous system
CNS
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PNS
Gray matter
cortex
nucleus
ganglion
White matter
meddula
fasciculus
nerve
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gray matter
In the central nervous system, the position for the gathering of neuron cell body
and their dendrite is called gray matter, such as gray matter of spinal cord.
cortex
The gray matter distributes in laminating on the surface of cerebrum and
cerebellum, which is called cortex.
nucleus
In the central nervous system, the neuron cell bodies, which have similar shape
and function, gather and form group or collumn, which are called nucleus.
white matter
In the central nervous system, the gathering of nerve fibers is called white matter.
medulla
The white matter, which lies in cerebrum and cerebellum, is called medulla for
wrapping by cortex.
fasciculus
In the white matter, all the nerve fibers, which have basic identical beginning,
course and function, gather and called fasciculus.
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ganglion
In peripheral nervous system, the neuron cell bodies gathering together are
called ganglion.
lsensory ganglion－is gathered by the body of sensory neuron.
lvisceral motor ganglion－is gathered by the cell bodies of visceral efferent
neuron.
l
nerve
In peripheral nervous system, the assemblage of nerve fibers is called nerve.
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Epineurium/Perilemma (神经外膜)
the connective tissue which wraps outside every nerve.
Perineurium/lamellar sheath(神经束膜)
The connective tissue that extend into the bundle and divide each nerve into
several small bundles, and wrap them.
Endoneurium (神经内膜)
the connective tissue wrap outside each nerve fiber.
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gray matter
central part
the neuron cell
body gathering
cortex
nucleus
white matter
the nerve fiber
gathering
medulla
fasciculus
the neuron cell body gathing— ganglion
periphral part
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the nerve fiber gathering— nerve
the activity style of nervous system
The basic activity style of nervous system is reflex activity.
reflex
In the activity of regulating body, the nervous system make eligible reaction to
all kinds of stimulations in or out environment, which is called reflex.
reflex arc
the structural basis of
completing reflex
includes five parts
perceptive organ ⑴ → afferent nerve ⑵ →
center⑶→ centrifugal nerve⑷→
effector organ⑸
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⑶
⑷
⑵
⑸
⑴