Name:________________________ Per:______
Unit 8 Outline- Solutions, Acids & Bases
Essential Skills/ State Standards:
8-1. Know the definitions of solute and solvent (CSS: 6a)
8-2. Know how to describe the dissolving process at the molecular level using the concept of random molecular
motion & how temperature, pressure and surface area affect the dissolving process. (CSS: 6b, 6c)
8-3. Know that molecules in a liquid move in random patterns relative to one another because the intermolecular
forces are too weak to hold the molecules in a solid form. (CSS: 2d)
8-4. Know how to calculate the concentration of a solute in terms of grams per liter, molarity, parts per million
and percent composition. (CSS: 6d)
8-5. Know the observable properties of acids, bases, and salt solutions; that acids are hydrogen-ion-donating and
bases are hydrogen-ion-accepting substances; (CSS: 5a, 5b)
8-6. Know how to use the pH scale to characterize acid and base solutions. (CSS: 5d)
8-7. Know that strong acids and bases fully dissociate and weak acids and bases partially dissociate. (CSS: 5c)
8-8. Know how an acid and a base neutralize each other.
Vocabulary
Solute
Solvent
Solution
Solubility
Dissolving process
Electrolyte
Polar/non-polar
Homogeneous
Concentration
Grams per liter
Molarity
Parts per million
Percent composition
Ionic
Acids
Bases
Salts
Hydrogen ion
Hydroxide ion
Dissociation
Hydronium ion
Strong acid/base
Weak acid/base
pH scale
Titration
Neutralization
Buffer
Extra Credit Book Assignments
Topic
1. The Solution Process
2. Concentration of Solutions
3. Properties of Acids & Bases
4. Determining pH & Titrations
Read
Section
Section
Section
Section
13-2 P. 401-410
13-3 p. 412-418
15-1 p. 453-462
16-2 p. 493-503
Required Problems
Section Review 13-2 p. 410 #1-3, 5
Chapter 13 Review p. 421 #15-18
Section Review 15-1 p. 462 #1, 3-4
Section Review 16-2 p. 503 #1-4
Study Guide (Use notes, worksheets, and labs in addition to this study guide)
1.
Identify the solute and solvent in each of the following solutions:
Salt water
Kool- aid
Solute?
Solvent?
2. You have a big clump of sugar and you need it to dissolve as quickly as possible. What are 3 things that you
learned that would increase the speed of dissolution (dissolving) and explain why?
3. Water is polar- draw a picture that demonstrates your understanding of this concept.
4. a. Explain why the polarity of water allows it to be such a good solvent.
b. What types of bonded substances (ionic, polar covalent, non polar covalent) dissolve easily in water?
5. Napthalene, C10H8, is a non polar substance. Will this substance dissolve in water? Why or why not?
6. Both oil and water will dissolve in alcohol, what information can you formulate about the alcohol molecule in
terms of polarity?
7. Complete the following chart: should we do this for acids and bases too?
KBr
C8H12
C6H12O6
HCl
NaOH
a) Bond type
b) Draw image
that shows on
the
MOLECULAR
LEVEL how
each of these
would dissolve
in water
c) Electrolytes?
Explain.
8. The solubility of KBr at 30°C is 70g/ 100g H2O. What mass of KBr can be dissolved in 50g of H 2O?
9. a) Generally, how does temperature affect the solubility of a solute?
10. Given 16 g of sulfur dissolved in 250 mL of water calculate:
a) Molarity
b) g/ L
Are there any exceptions?
(Show formulas & Show work)
C) % comp
d) ppm
11. Identify the following substance as an acid or a base based on the following characteristics:
a) reacts with Zn to form H2 gas bubbles
e) turns phenolphthalein pink
b) pH= 9
f) turns ph/ litmus paper blue
c) pH= 1
g) turns ph/ litmus paper red
d) conducts electricity
12. Identify the compound as an acid or base & explain how you’ d know:
a) H2SO4 + H2O H3O + + HSO4b) NH3 + H2O  OH- + NH4+
13. Write how the following would dissociate in H2O & determine if they are an acid or base:
a) HNO3 
b) KOH 
14. Draw a pH scale with the correct numbers and label where you’d find strong bases, weak bases, strong acids,
weak acids, and neutral substances.
15. How does the concentration of H3O+ ions affect the number on the pH scale? What is H3O+ called?
16. How does a strong acid/ base differ from a weak acid/ base?
17. a) Write the products of the following reaction:
KOH + HNO3  _______ + _________
b) What special type of double replacement reaction is this?
c) Would this solution conduct electricity? How do you know?
18. Explain how to neutralize an acidic solution.