ARO Basic Research for the Soldier Research Funding by State >$10M >$5M<$10M >$2M<$5M <$2M Dr. Stephen Lee Chief Scientist US Army Research Office US Army Research Laboratory Army Research Office Overview Utilize the vast intellectual capital of our nation’s universities to: Exploit Scientific Opportunities for Revolutionary New Army Capabilities Research Funding by State Drive Science to Develop Solutions to Existing Army Technology Needs Accelerate Transition of Basic Research >$15M >$8M<$15M >$2M<$8M <$2M Strengthen University, Industry, Government Partnerships p Educate and Train the Future S&E Workforce for the Army • 256 Institutes of Higher Learning • 861 individual Investigators • 47 Research Centers Research Thrusts Chemistry Computing & Info Science Electronics Environmental Life Sciences Materials Mathematics Mechanics Network Science Nanoscience Physics Research ranges from atom optics for underground bunker/tunnel detection to nano-energetics for more powerful and insensitive munitions and propellants Balanced Basic Research Portfolio Must Address Both Opportunity Driven Research and Need Driven Research Opportunity Driven Rsch Return on Investment (Understanding & Performance) Need Driven Research Investment ($, Time) • Need Driven Research – emphasis on improving specific capabilities or overcoming identified technology barriers • Opportunity Driven Research - emphasis on developing and exploiting scientific breakthroughs to produce revolutionary new capabilities 1 Opportunity and Need Driven Examples • Extrapolation of Existing Technologies (Need Driven) – Incremental, Continued Improvement in Existing Technologies – Often Driven or Enabled by Commercial Market • CPU on a chip • Inexpensive GPS – May be a “Disruptive Technology” (e.g. personal vs. mini computers) • Revolutionary New Applications from Scientific Breakthroughs (Opportunity Driven) – Utilizes Two Somewhat Distinct Mechanisms • Fundamentally new approaches to solving old problems • Fundamentally new capabilities – Examples from Past • Navigation - Satellites and atom clocks for GPS • Range Finders and Target Designators - Lasers – Examples for the Future • Atom Optics for Jam-Proof Navigation • Quantum Informatics for Computation, Secure Communication, Imaging • Nano-energetics for propellants and explosives • Micro-active flow control Basic Research’s Critical Role “None of the most important weapons transforming warfare in the 20th century - the airplane, tank, radar, jet engine, helicopter, electronic computer, not even the atomic bomb - owed its initial development to a Doctrinal Requirement or request of the military.” John Chambers, ed., The Oxford Companion to American Military History (New York, Oxford University Press, 1999) p. 791 The details of this provocative quote can be debated; but it in any case, it is absolutely clear that RDEC and stakeholder input is critical for: • Transitioning basic research • Identifying needs-driven basic research • And identifying revolutionary science/engineering ARO Strategic Goals & Objectives • Exploit scientific opportunities for revolutionary new capabilities • Apply science to generate solutions to existing needs • Prevent technological surprises • Accelerate the transition of research to application • “Honest Broker” for the Army for objective assessments • Leverage S&T of outside sources for Army benefit • Strengthen university, in-house, industry partnerships • Foster S&E training in disciplines critical to the Army • Enhance outreach efforts for greater intellectual diversity 2 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Associate Director for Plans & Programs Dr. Reed Skaggs Military Deputy Director Mr. John Miller Associate Director for Science & Technology COL Bobby Smith Deputy Director for Basic Science & Director ARO Dr. David Skatrud Dr. Volker Weiss Sergeant Major Timothy Weatherspoon Associate Director for Laboratory Operations Ms. Teresa Kines Vehicle Technology Human Research & Engineering Survivability/ Lethality Analysis Computational & Information Sciences Sensors & Electron Devices Weapons & Materials Research Army Research Office Information Sciences Physical Sciences Engineering Sciences Army Research Office Organization Director Operations Directorate Chief Scientist Physical Sciences Engineering Sciences Informational Sciences Support Management Ph i Physics Mechanical Sciences Mathematical Sciences Information Management Chemistry Materials Science Computational Sciences Acquisition Center Life Sciences Electronics Network Sciences Environmental Sciences Outreach Programs ~ 100 employees at RTP 45 PhD Program Managers Army Research Office Organization Physical Sciences Directorate Chemical Sciences Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Life Sciences Molecular Genetics Electrochemistry Microbiology Polymer Chemistry Biochemistry Physical Chemistry Neuroscience Physics Optical O ti l Physics Ph i & Imaging Science Atomic & Molecular Physics Quantum Information Science Condensed Matter 3 Army Research Office Organization Engineering Sciences Directorate Electronics Solid State Devices Electromagnetics & RF Circuits Mechanical Science Materials Science Environmental Sciences Fluid Dynamics Mechanical Behavior of Materials Atmospheric Science Synthesis & Processing of Materials Habitation Science Propulsion & Energetics Sensors & Detectors Solid Mechanics Optoelectronics Structures & Dynamics Terrestrial Science Physical Properties of Materials Quantum Electromagnetic Devices Army Research Office Organization Information Sciences Directorate Technology Integration & Outreach Mathematical Sciences Computing Sciences Network Sciences Bio-Mathematics o at e at cs & Informatics Numerical Analysis Intelligent Networks Modeling of Complex Systems Computational Architecture & Visualization Decision & NeuroSciences Probability & Statistics Cooperative Mathematics Youth Sciences Historically Black Colleges, Universities, and Minority Institutions Communications & Human Networks Information Processing & Fusion Small Business Programs Multi-agent Network Control Small Business Innovation Research(SBIR) Small Business Technology Transfer(STTR) Information & Software Assurance University Basic Research Partnerships Single Investigator (SI) ~$110K/yr for 3 yr periods Continually open BAA Solicitation ~120 new grants/year All States, >240 Universities HBCU/MI ARO Core Grants Topics from ARO BAA ~110K/yr for 3 yr periods Centers of Excellence Materials Center - 6.1 Basic Research High-Performance Computing Center - 6.1 Basic Research Flexible Displays Center For states receiving least amt of federal funds 3 year support Annual BAA Solicitation MURIs Engaging the Extramural Research Community to Focus on Army Problems - 6.2 Applied Research $5 – 8M range 8 – 10 years in duration Consortia of academic and industrial concerns Potential New Areas: Robotics, Cognition and Neuroergonomics, and Network Science International Technology Alliance (US/UK) - Industrial/Academic Consortium $50K Limit Short-term, proof-of-principle rsch Part of SI Continual BAA Solicitation No New COEs Planned CTAs DEPSCoR Battlefield Centers of Excellence Limited to HBCUs New competition in FY09 ~$200K per year STIR ~$1.25M per year 3 yyear pperiod 10 new initiatives annually Annual BAA Solicitation UARCs 4 consortia (ISN, ICB, ICT, IAT) 5 year efforts ~$5 – 10M per year No new UARCs anticipated SBIR/STTR Small Business Research Phase I and Phase II efforts www.armysbir.com for more information 4 Strategy Development Cycle Research Strategy Planning Requirements Generation Workshops, conferences, discussions with PIs, literature, PCOG Scientific Opportunities Topic Formation TRADOC Army S&T Master Plan ARL Strategy Planning Workshops Army Advisory Boards Army S&E Combine Army impact and scientific opportunity Army Operational Needs Proposal Solicitation S li it ti BAA whitepapers informal discussions Program Assessment Formal external feedback, BOV,TARA,TAB Proposal Evaluation Army Relevant Technology Army S&E and peer review Selection on quality and relevance Program Execution SL/SC participation; collaboration Proposal Evaluation and Selection PM interactions with potential PIs Development of Ideas White Papers Evaluate fit to program goals and quality of proposal Funding decision is based on balancing needs and opportunities, program portfolio, Army objectives Receive Proposals Army Lab/RDEC Review Science Peer Review Evaluate scientific merit Scores/comments of Army and external reviewers are assessed Evaluate technical merit, Army relevance, desired participation: SL/SC Analysis of Evaluations PM Recommendation Management Assessment ARL Basic Research Portfolio From Ideas to Technology Single Investigator Program $63M University Research Initiative $75M University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs) $34M University Centers of Excellence $26M Collaborative Technology Alliances $48M Complementary Programs Cohesively Managed 5 ARO Funded Nobel Laureates Major impact on national defense and civilian economy COMMS FIBER OPTICS SMART MUNITIONS MRI, SURGERY CDS.. SUPERCONDUCTERS ELECTRON DEVICES Charles H. Townes Nobel Laureate Examples: Superconductors Solid State Electronics Smart Munitions Laser Range Finder Target Designation Fiber Optics GPS Lasers 1964 John Bardeen, Leon Cooper J. Robert Schrieffer Superconductivity 1972 Brian D. Josephson Josephson Junction 1973 Leo Esaki Superlattices 1973 W. M. Lipscomb Borane Compounds 1976 SEMICONDUCTORS OPTOELECTRONICS SENSORS COMPUTERS Herbert C. Brown Boron and Phosphorous Compounds 1979 HIGH ENERGY ROCKET AND MISSILE PROPELLANTS TARGET DESIGNATION AND ILLUMINATION RANGE FINDERS EYE PROTECTION REMOTE SENSING Arthur Schalow Solid State Laser 1981 ENERGY STORAGE DISPLAYS PROTECTIVE MATERIALS HIPERFORMANCE ELECTRONICS Alan Heeger Conductive Polymers 2000 ROOM TEMP NIGHT VISION HI-PERFORMANCE INFO PROCESSING N. Bloembergen Hans Dehmelt Ion Trap - 1989 Non-linear Optics 1981 Richard Smalley Robert F. Curl Buckminster Fullerene 1996 Herbert Kroemer Semiconductor Heterostructures 2000 HI-PRECISION TIMING & POSITION LOCATION Daniel Tsui Quantum Fluid 1998 Cornell, Wieman, Ketterle Bose-Einstein Condensation 2001 SEMICONDUCTOR LASER, NANOELECTRONICS, OEICS Linda Buck Olfaction ID 2004 ATOM OPTICS Army Research Office Questions? www.aro.army.mil 6
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