World War II
Cold War
Hot War
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Nurul Chaerani
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Eka Wati Yuliana Fatimah
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Causes of WWII
Long Term Causes
• The anger felt in Weimar Germany
that was caused by the Treaty of
Versailles
• The obvious inability of the League of
Nations to deal with major
international issues.
Short Term Causes
The desire of Adolf Hitler, to dominate
Europe was paramount
Chronology of WWII
1939
•
• Hitler invades Poland on 1 September.
Britain and France declare war on Germany two
days later.
1941
•
Hitler begins Operation Barbarossa - the
invasion of Russia.
• The Blitz continues against Britain's major
cities.
• Allies take Tobruk in North Africa, and resist
German attacks.
• Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, and the US enters
the war.
1940
• Rationing starts in the UK.
• German 'Blitzkrieg' overwhelms Belgium, Holland
and France.
• Churchill becomes Prime Minister of Britain.
• British Expeditionary Force evacuated from
Dunkirk.
• British victory in Battle of Britain forces Hitler to
postpone invasion plans.
1942
•
Germany suffers setbacks at Stalingrad and El
Alamein.
• Singapore falls to the Japanese in February around 25,000 prisoners taken.
• American naval victory at Battle of Midway, in
June, marks turning point in Pacific War.
• Mass murder of Jewish people at Auschwitz
begins.
Chronology of WWII
1943
1944
•
•
Surrender at Stalingrad marks ,Germany's first
major defeat.
• Allied victory in North Africa enables invasion
of Italy to be launched.
• Italy surrenders, but Germany takes over the
battle.
• British and Indian forces fight Japanese in
Burma.
Allies land at Anzio and bomb monastery at
Monte Cassino.
• Soviet offensive gathers pace in Eastern Europe.
• D Day: The Allied invasion of France. Paris is
liberated in August.
• Guam liberated by the US Okinawa, and Iwo Jima
bombed.
1945
• Auschwitz liberated by Soviet troops.
• Russians reach Berlin: Hitler commits suicide
and Germany surrenders on 7 May.
• Truman becomes President of the US on
Roosevelt's death, and Attlee replaces
Churchill.
• After atomic bombs are dropped on
Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrenders on
14 August.
The Involvement of America in
World War II
November 26th 1941
6 aircraft carriers Jappan that lead by admiral Chaichi
Naguma, towars to Pearl Harbour in Hawai without doing
any direct radio link to America
December 7th 1941
A bombardment of
Pearl Harbour by
•Japan attack the American naval base
Japan
suddenly, in Hawai.
•2.403 American dead
•20 Battleships American sank
•188 aircraft destroyed, 155 broken
•The USS Arizona exploded and sank –
1.100 people lost lives
Japan lost 55 pieces of 441
fighter aircraft used
Why Japan Attack America?
Cripple U.S Navy in whole Pacific Area
Support the continuation of military
America Fully Engaged World War
II
December 8th 1941 = America declared War With Japan
December 11th 1941 = Germany declared war to America
America helps Great Britain and be
part of Allies
Politics
Arise of two Superpowers
United States
Soviet Union
Western Block
Eastern Block
Liberal-Capitalist
Socialist-Communism
NATO
(North Atlantic Treaty
Organization)
Warsaw Pact
Liberal Economy
Economy
Centralized Economy
Mixed Economy
Capitalist States
Communist States
New Indepandence
States
Social
America Establish A New Entity
United Nation Relief Rehabilitation Administration
UNRRA
• To relieve suffering and restore the productivity of the people
who live in the former German occupation
• Provide; food, clothing, seed crops, livestock, industrials tools
and hospitals.
• UNRRA dissolved because the task has been carried by Marshal
Plan
End of World War 2
• World War 2 was won by the Allies .
• Country Italy is the first country to beat it is due to the
presence of people of Italian anti-Fascist group led by
Badoglio who cooperate with the Allies .
• Then the Germans surrendered after stapled Russia
from the East and South - Western ally of the cause
Gustav Jodl and Admiral Hans George von Ferdeberg
surrendered unconditionally to the Allies in May 1945 .
• Japan surrendered after the atomic bombing of
Hiroshima ( August 6, 1945 ) with a password Little boy
and Nagasaki ( August 9, 1945 ) with a password Fat man .
The causes of the defeat of the central block , among
others :
- Does not have the natural resources that are essential
to the war
- Number of members allied more with the colony that
much and have a source of strategic materials
- The entry of Russia into the democratic bloc of fascist
parties gain causes the opponent multiple ( communist
and democratic )
- Allied advance technology
And to end the war was signed
agreements , namely :
1. Potsdam Agreement which contains
2. Treaty of San Francisco
As a result of World War 2
1 . The field of Politics
- Many countries in Asia and Africa gained
independence
- International Communism causing widespread
changes in the balance of world power
- The onset of the cold war between the United
States and Russia
- Political glassware made ​by the superpowers
for his own interests in other countries .
2 . Field of Economics
- The world economy is in chaos
- The United States economic assistance through
various programs such as:
* Truman Doctrin , economic aid to Turkey and Greece.
* Truman's Point Four , economic and military aid
(Mutual Security Act ) to underdeveloped countries ,
including Germany and Japan lost the war .
* Marshall Plan , economic, financial , and military to
European countries devastated by war .
3. In the field of Social
- Group wise the stronger position , because without their
discovery battle can not be won . Conduct and improve
research efforts for the benefit of man was continued.
- The establishment of various agencies of social
rehabilitation for :
* Provide food , housing and wealth for war victims
* Take care of the refugees
* Reprocessing efforts farms were broken and unfinished .
- Establishment of the United Nations Organization which
aims to create world peace
COLD WAR
• Cold war is a period where there is a
conflict, tension, and competition
between the United State (and its
allies called western block) and the
Soviet Union (and its allies called
eastern block)
Why the cold war is happened?
• Different perspective between Soviet Union and
USA.
America => liberalist capitalism
Soviet Union => communism
1949, America established a deface pact called
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
1955, Soviet Union established a deface pact called
Warsaw pact.
The End of Cold War
• Both of super power countries
USA and Soviet Union declared
the end of cold war after two
days of conference in Malta.
The Positive Effects of Cold War :
• Economic : the appearance of super power
countries.
• Military : the development of defece system of
countries in this world.
• Social and Cultural : the globalization of human
right.
• Space : the development of technology in
exploring space.
• Technology : the development of technology is
increasing rapidly.
The Negative Effects of Cold War :
• Military : the fear of nuclear war.
• Politic : Germany is divided into two sides,
western and eastern Germany.
• Side effects : Korean war, Vietnam war, the
invasion of Soviet Union to Hungary and
Czechoslovakia.
Hot war (definition)
• Means that : a nation got into armed
combat—a shooting or “hot” war—with each
other.
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Battlefield of Europe
• At the beginning of the world war II Germany
by launching a lightning attack (Blitzkrieg)
managed to win the battle in all European
battlefield.
German invasion of Poland
GERMAN
invanded
POLAND
September 1, 1939
 The reason this attack :
 to retake the city of Danzig (populated
nation Germany)
 germany wants to expand its territory.
 The winner is German.
German invasion of Norway and Denmark
GERMAN
attack
NORWAY
April 9, 1940
occupying
Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Stavagar, and Narvik.
GERMAN
invanded
April 30, 1940
German win the war
with Denmark.
At the same time, German
win the war with Norway.
Caused : Germany wanted to expand its territory.
DENMARK
The fall of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France
GERMAN
Blitzkrieg
May 10, 1940.
NETHERLAND
BELGIUM
LUXEMBOURG
From luxembourg
German invade
Caused : Germany wanted to expand its
territory.
FRANCE
The fall of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France
QUEEN OF
NETHERLAND
KING OF
BELGIUM
Fled to
surrended
LONDON
GERMAN
May 26, 1940.
GENERAL PETAIN
Made france be
bent down
in Vichy City.
GERMAN
Battle of the German-England
GERMAN
attack
ENGLAND
cooperation
September 2, 1940
ENGLAND + US
offset
UNITED STATES
GERMAN
Military
cooperation
September 27,
1940
ENGLAND
ITALY + JAPAN
WITHSTAND
The fall of France
caused
German
attention diverted to
England.
GERMAN
German-Russian war
Protocol of Moscow
October 1, 1941
GERMAN
invanded
RUSSIA
June 22, 1941
held off
Cause : German regardless of the non-aggression pact.
ENGLAND +
US
War in Africa (1940 - 1943)
Against
June 10, 1940
ITALY
FRANCE +
ENGLAND
FRANCE +
ENGLAND
Beat
at Bardia on
January 5, 1941
ITALY
Italy also hit the French
and British troops in North
Africa and East Africa.
helpless Italian
forces
invaded
GERMAN
LIBYA
defeated
at Bardia and
Sollum
ENGLAND
forced to retreat to the
borders of Egypt in the
city of Tobruk on April 20,
1941
War in Africa (1940 - 1943)
• Caused : Italy declared war against
France and England on June 10, 1940.
• Germany forces had captured the town
of El Alamein.
• The battlefields of North Africa has fully
mastered by German.
Fighting in the Asia-Pacific
PEARL
HARBOUR
JAPAN
surprise attack
December 7, 1941.
UNITED
STATES
JAPAN
declared war
December 8, 1941
JAPAN
seize control
SOUTHEAST
ASIA