0
1
3
2
5
4
7
6
9
8
10
11
-11
2
-2
1.602 176 6208·10
101 325 Pa
-19
C
-1
Molar gas constant ................ 8.314 4598 J mol K
Pi ........................................... 3.141 592 653 589 793...
-34
Planck constants ................... 6.626 070 040·10 J s
Na
Metal
Mg
Cs
Noble gas
Ba
Ne - gas
Hg - liquid
© 2017 Eni Generalić
57
La
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
61
Nd
Fr
Ra
Ac
(223)
(226)
(227)
Th
Pa
U
232.04 231.04 238.03
62
Pm Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
3 IIIB 4 IVB 5
23
21
22
Sc
STANDARD STATE (25 °C; 101 kPa)
Actinide
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132.91 137.33 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145)
87
88
89
93
90
91
92
7
Halogens element
Transition metals
Lanthanide
Sr
85.468 87.62
55
56
6
Chalcogens element
Alkaline earth metal
Ca
39.098 40.078
37
38
Rb
Alkali metal
65
Tb
66
Dy
Fe - solid
Tc - synthetic
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
Ti
SYMBOL
1
1.0079
VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8
25
26
24
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
VIIIB
9
10
27
28
Co
Ni
Al
11
29
IB 12
30
Cu
Y
Yb
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
88.906 91.224 92.906 95.96
(98)
73
72
74
75
71
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
C
Zn
Si
Cd
Ga
Ge
69.723 72.64
49
50
In
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Np
Pu
Am Cm Bk
Cf
Es
Fm Md
No
Lr
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn Nh
(244)
(243)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(259)
(262)
(267)
(268)
(271)
(272)
(277)
(276)
(281)
(280)
(285)
(258)
O
F
Ne
P
S
Cl
Ar
Sn
As
Se
74.922 78.96
51
52
Sb
Te
Br
Kr
79.904 83.798
53
54
I
Xe
101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
83
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
84
85
86
(237)
(247)
N
IIB 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.065 35.453 39.948
31
32
33
34
35
36
Pb
150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2
104
107
109
110
105
106
111
112
113
114
103
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
108
(247)
VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA 4.0026
8
9
10
IVA 15
7
10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
13
15
16
17
18
14
RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS
44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38
39
43
40
45
46
47
48
41
42
44
70
IIIA 14
6
B
H
1
PERIOD
13
5
IA
1
Nonmetal
Semimetal
He
GROUP (CAS 1986)
ATOMIC NUMBER
Be
22.990 24.305
19
20
K
18 VIIIA
2
GROUP (IUPAC 1985)
(285)
Bi
Po
208.98 (209)
115
116
At
Rn
(210)
117
(222)
118
Fl
Mc
Lv
Ts
Og
(287)
(289)
(291)
(294)
(294)
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Li
IIA
6.941 9.0122
11
12
5
© 2017 Eni Generalić
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS
H
1.0079 2
4
3
4
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IA
1
1
3
19
18
1. Write a sceleton equation
2. Separate the redox reaction into half-reactions
a) Assign oxidation numbers for each atom
b) Identify and write out all redox couples in reaction
c) Combine these redox couples into two half-reactions
3. Balance the atoms in each half reaction
a) Balance all other atoms except H and O
b) Balance the oxygen atoms with H2O
c) Balance the hydrogen atoms with H+
d) In a basic medium, add one OH to each side for every H+ ion
4. Balance the charge with e5. Make electron gain equivalent to electron loss in the half-reactions
6. Add the half-reactions together
7. Simplify the equation
Finally, check that the elements and charges are balanced
6.674 08·10 N m kg
3
-1
0.022 710 947 m mol
-1
2
17
16
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PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
1
15
14
GUIDELINES FOR BALANCING REDOX EQUATIONS
Absolute zero ........................ -273.15 °C
23
-1
Avogadro constant ................ 6.022 140 857·10 mol
Base of natural logarithms ..... 2.718 281 828...
-19
Electronvolt ........................... 1.602 176 6208·10 J
-1
Faraday constant ................... 96 485.332 89 C mol
Constant of gravitation ..........
Molar volume of ideal gas .......
Elementary charge ................
Standard pressure .................
13
12