The A question – The simplest form of knowledge appears in the (a) part of the question and ask you to give the
meaning of a keyword. That is easy!!! Check your knowledge of these keywords that you have already learnt
Environment
Global Warming
Conservation
Embryo
Surrogacy
Artificial Insemination
Now mark your answer
Partially Correct
Fully Correct
One Mark
Two Marks
The B question – Here is a typical (b) question which asks for your opinion and two reasons to support it
“Do religious people have a greater responsibility for the earth than anyone else?”
Do you agree? Give two reasons for your point of view (4)
Use the marking scheme below to mark your answer
Level
Level
Level
Level
1
2
3
4
*Your
*Your
*Your
*Your
opinion
opinion
opinion
opinion
and
and
and
and
brief reason
two brief reasons
ONE brief reason and ONE expanded reason
TWO expanded reasons
1
2
3
4
mark
marks
marks
marks
The C question – This question carries the most marks on the paper. Here is a typical question you might expect
to see on the exam paper.
Choose one religion other than Christianity and explain why some of its followers agree with fertility
treatment and some do not. (8)
Here is how the examiner will be looking to mark your answer. Have a go!
Level 1
Level 2
*One brief reason that describes the issue
1 – 2 marks
*Two brief reasons
3 – 4 marks
*One expanded reason
Level 3
*One fully developed reason
5 – 6 marks
*Two reasons with ONE fully developed
Level 4
*Two expanded reasons
7 – 8 marks
*Three reasons with ONE fully developed
The D question – Here you are asked about something and then what people who disagree with you think. Have a
go at the one below!
“Surrogacy can lead to all sorts of problems”
(i)
(ii)
Do you agree? Give reasons for your opinion (3)
Explain why some people may disagree with you (3)
This is how the examiner will be looking to mark your answer for both parts (i) and (ii)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
One brief reason
One expanded reason
Or Two brief reasons
Two expanded reasons
Three brief reasons
1 mark
2 marks
3 marks
The marking grid shows that it is worth giving at least
two reasons to support your view, and the more you can
explain them the better
Remember to refer to at least one religion in your
answer
1
Key Words
Artificial Insemination
Conservation
Creation
Embryo
Environment
Global Warming
Infertility
In-vitro Fertilization
Natural Resources
Organ Donation
Stewardship
Surrogacy
Topic
Injecting semen into the uterus by artificial means
Protecting and preserving natural resources and the
environment
The act of creating the universe or the universe which
has been created
A fertilized egg in the first eight weeks after
conception
The surroundings in which plants and animals live and
on which they depend to live
The increase in the temperature of the earth’s
atmosphere (thought to be caused by the greenhouse
effect)
Not being able to have children
The method of fertilizing a human egg in a test tube
Naturally occurring materials, such as oil and fertile
land, which can be used by humans
Giving organs to be used in transplant surgery
Looking after something so it can be passed on to the
next generation
An arrangement whereby a woman bears a child on
behalf of another woman
Details
Global Warming
The issues of global warming and what the problems are
Stewardship and
Khalifha
How do Christians and Muslims respond to looking after
the planet
Infertility
Treatment
What is infertility and what treatments are available.
Looking at how Christians and Muslims respond to the
treatments
The different varieties of transplant surgery and how
Christians and Muslims respond to the issues
surrounding it.
Transplant Surgery
2
Global Warming
Global warming is the fact
Who can tell me what the
that the Earth is warmer
three main theories of
than it has been for over a
Global Warming mean?
thousand years.
1. The Greenhouse Effect:
2. Natural Climate Change:
3. Solar Activity:
Greenpeace say, “We know that climate change is caused by burning fossil fuels…For all the technological
gloss of the 21st century, the UK is still living in an industrial era, pumping out emissions from coal, oil and gas.
Worse, our energy is supplied through a criminally wasteful, centralized energy system.”
What can we do to help prevent Global Warming?
3
Pollution
The Problem: Living on the planet creates waste. It always has done but, today, the population is
very large and doubling itself ever more quickly. This means that the amount of waste we create
has grown and the pressure on the environment is greater. What has also changed dramatically is
the type of waste we create with our industrialized lifestyle. Modern waste no longer decays
naturally, but pollutes the world we live in. Explain the following problems
1. Acid Rain:
4. Radioactive Pollution (Air Pollution):
The Solution:
2. Human Waste (Land Pollution):
The Solution:
The Solution:
3. Eutrophication (Sea Pollution):
The Solution:
4
Going, Going, GONE…The Scarcity of Natural Resources?
With our ever-growing population and sophisticated lifestyles, we are using up the earth’s natural
resources at an alarming rate. We have been accused of treating the planet like a giant supermarket.
People with money just grab everything they want. Those who can’t afford it, such as people in the
developing world, go without. Worse still, they are often left staring at the ‘empty shelf’ where things
from their country used to be.
In the table below, it shows what the different type of resources that are available on our planet.
Renewable Resources
Finite or non-renewable Resources
Wind Power
Oil
Solar Power
Coal
Water Power
Iron
Fertile Land Producing Food
Tin
Oil seed rape and sugar cane
Copper
Uranium and Natural Gas
Hard Wood
Although these are renewable resources, they
Many scientists feel that unless we stop using
are very expensive to run
the above resources as we are they will soon
run out. This would mean no cars, no
televisions, stereos etc. Causing massive
problems
Explain what can be done to aid this situation:
5
What do Christians teach about looking after the environment? (Stewardship)
What is Stewardship?
 Christians believe that we do not own the planet. God owns the planet and he loans it out to
human beings to use. Christians must look after the planet and return it in good order.
Like an air steward who can use whatever is necessary for the passengers’ comfort
during their flight. But the owners of the airline do not expect anything to be waster
or destroyed by their stewards, and the end of the shift everything is left in good
working order, ready for the next one.

Some Christians believe are environmentally aware and believe that they should do their
best to protect the environment.
Some recycle and try to reduce their carbon
footprint.

Other Christians approach things differently by focusing their responsibility to SHARE
the earth’s resources evenly amongst its inhabitants. Charities like Christian Aid work to
put this into practice.
Quotes:
Then the Lord God placed the man in the
Garden of Eden to cultivate it and guard it.
(Genesis 2:15)
God looked at everything he had made, and he was
very pleased. (Genesis 1:31)
Find a quote from ‘The Sermon on the mount (Matthew 5-7)’
In what other ways does Stewardship affect Christian attitudes to the environment (Give other
Bible verses than the ones above):
6
What does Islam teach about looking after the environment? (Khalifah)
What is Stewardship in Islam?
 The Qur’an (the Holy book for Muslims) says the Allah (word used for God in Islam)
created the world and everything in it for a purpose; it is part of Allah’s plan. Nothing
in it is a waste of time or space and everything is interlined so we are part of ‘one’. If
one life form is damaged, it upsets a link in the chain and that harms the planet.

Muslims believe that Allah has provided all the resources that humans need to live on
earth and they can use them, but people should not damage or waste these resources.
Muslims use the Arabic work ‘Khalifah’ for this idea of stewardship.

Everyone has a duty to be a khalifah by following the way of life set out in the Qur’an.
On the Day of Judgment Allah will judge everyone on the way they have treated creation.
Quotes:
The world is green and beautiful and Allah has
appointed you his steward over it. The whole
earth has been created as a place of worship
pure and clean. (The Prophet Muhammad)
But not by excess: for God loves not the wasters.
(Qur’an 6:141)
In what other ways does Khalifah affect Muslim attitudes to the environment?
7
The nature and importance of medical treatments for infertility:
There comes a point in many people’s lives when they want to have children. It often seems a natural stage in a
couple’s relationship and, added to that, the survival of the human race depends on it! Many women feel an
emotional need to have a baby and can suffer deep unhappiness if there are problems. However, what medical
treatment is available for those who want to have a child but are infertile?
2. Embryo Donation - a
fertilized egg is created in
the lab using an egg
donated by another woman
but using the partner's
sperm. The fertilized egg
is places in the womb.
This is of help when a
woman does not ovulate.
1. Surrogacy - a
woman (the
surrogate mother)
agrees to become
pregnant with
someone else's child
and then hand that
child over after its
born.
3. Embryo
Donation - a
donated egg and
donated sperm
are fertilized in
the lab to form
an embryo efore
being placed in a
woman's womb.
4. Artificail Insemination
by donor, know as AID
- sperm donated to a
clinic by a man is placed
in a woman's uterus. This
can help couples where
the man is infertile.
5. Artificial
Insemination by
husband, know as AIH
- sperm is taken from
the husband and placed
in the woman's uterus.
This can help couples
who ave difficulty
conceving for no obvious
reason.
What options are
available to
infertile couples?
6. In-vitro Fertilization, knows
an IVF - egg and sperm are
taken from a couple, fertilized in
a lab and then placed in the
womb. This helps women with
mdeical problems, such as
blocked fallopian tubes, to
conceive.
Explain why infertility treatments are important to people:
8
Different attitudes to infertility treatments among Christians and Muslims:
Who
Believe What
Why
Roman
Catholic
Christians
Life is given by God
and that no-one has a
right to children.
Although they feel
great sympathy for
the childless who want
children, it only allows
methods which do not
threaten the
sacredness of life in
which sex acts are
natural.
They allow IVF and
AIH. They do have
major concerns about
embryo technology
though. They feel it
leads to problems of
identity and legal
problems.
 IVF involves fertilizing several eggs, some of
which
are
thrown
away
or
used
for
experimentation. This is similar to abortion and
therefore wrong!
 All forms of artificial insemination or surrogacy
involve masturbation by the male, which is a sin
for Catholics.
 All forms of embryo technology involve
fertilization taking place apart from the sex act.
God intended procreate to be a part of the sex
act.
Other
Christian
Churches
Muslim
attitude to
infertility
treatment
Most Muslims accept
IVF and AIH when
couples are having
fertility problems.
Although Islamic
lawyers are also
against embryo
technology for legal
and identity reasons
 It is good to use technology to provide couples
with the joy of children which is the Christian
purpose of marriage.
 The egg and sperm are from the husband and wife
and so the baby will be the biological offspring of
its mother and father.
 The discarded embryos are not fetuses and their
destruction can be justified by the doctrine of
double effect (the intention is to produce
children for childless couples not to kill embryos).
 It is simply the use of medicine to bring about the
family life which all Muslims are expected to have.
 The egg and sperm are from the husband and wife
and so the baby will be the biological offspring of
its Mother and Father.
 The discarded embryos are not fetuses and their
destruction can be justified because it is not
taking life and the intention is to produce children
for childless couples not to kill embryos
All Christians do encourage childless couples to adopt, but Muslims do not. Other than the views above
can you find any other Christian or Muslim attitudes to fertility treatment?
Which viewpoint do you most agree with and why?
9
The nature and importance of transplant surgery
Over the past 50 years, it has become routine for patients with diseased organs to be offered transplant
surgery. This involves a donated organ being surgically grafted to replace the patient’s own and enable them
to have a better quality of life. This can vary from something small like the transplant of the cornea of an
eye, to the transplant of major organ’s like the heart. The first successful transplant was done in 1967 and
caused quite a stir! Equally controversial, three years earlier a chimpanzee’s heart had been successfully
transplanted into a man.
In June 2008, a Government task force report into transplant surgery
recommended a change to the law so that t is presumed that everyone
agrees to their organs being used if they die in an accident, and that
people would have to OPT out of this if they do not want their organs
used.
The report estimated that this could double the number of
transplant operations of vital organs.
How far is too far in transplant surgery?
Article from the Daily Mail:
The woman who underwent the world’s first face transplant raised serious ethical questions about the
pioneering operation today. It comes as British medics prepare to carry out a similar procedure. Isabelle
Dinoire admitted that, exactly three years on from the medical breakthrough, she remained uncertain as to
whose face she looked at in the mirror every day. Miss Dinoire, from Valenciennes, northern France, was given
a new nose, mouth and chin at the nearby Amiens Hospital in November 2005.
She was rushed to hospital after her pet dog apparently ripped off the vital features. Miss Dinoire herself
had no memory of what happened. After taking sleeping pills, all she could remember was waking up with blood
on the ground. When she tried to light up a cigarette, she realised her facial features were missing. In spite
of some early signs of immune rejection, Miss Dinoire soon regained sensation back in the transplanted face.
Explain why transplant surgery is important:
10
Christian and Muslim attitudes to transplant surgery
Who
Believe What
Why
Most
Christians
Some
Christians
Most Muslims
Other
Muslims
11
Environmental and Medical Issues Selfevaluation checklist
How well have you understood the topics in this section? In the first column of the table
below use the following code to rate your understanding:
Green – I understand this fully
Amber I am confident I can answer most questions on this
Red – I need to do a lot more work on this topic.
Self-Assessment Checklist
My
understanding
is red/
amber/green
Can I give
my opinion?
Can I give
an
alternative
opinion?
The nature of Global warming and the issues surrounding it
What causes pollution and what the difference is between
renewable and non-renewable energy
Christian attitudes to stewardship
Muslim attitudes to Khalifah
The problem of infertility
Christian responses to medical treatment of infertility
Muslim responses to medical treatment of infertility
What transplant surgery is and why it divides opinions
Christian attitudes to transplant surgery
Muslim attitudes to transplant surgery
12