Lecture 13 : Nourishment study of time
Suprachiasmatic
nucleus
Clock gene
Day rhythm
Diel rhythm
Paraventricular
nuclei
Pineal body
Retina
Suprachiasmatic
nuclei
Spinal code
(Thoracic spinal code)
intermediolateral
Upper cervix
sympathetic ganglia
１０ healthy customs
Proposal from Dr.Breslau (US)
Maintenance of
proper weight
Adequate exercise
Non-smoking
Adequate drinking
Custom of eating
breakfast
Restrict of meal
between meals
Adequate sleeping (7-8hours)
(Proposal for Japanese)
Decreasing salt intake
(10g/ a day)
Decrease fat intake
(Within 25% of the total
amount of energy)
Nutrient balancing
Healthy, Japanese 21 middle evaluation results value
Target items
（Standard of index）
Det
erio
rati
on
Increase people maintains
proper weight
（Ratio of Obesity person）
Deter
iorati
on
Steps in usual life
Deter
iorati
on
Increase of vegetable intake
Deter
iorati
on
（Average intake amount a day）
Increase of food full calcium
intake（Adult）
（Average intake amount a day）
Deter
iorati
on
Decrease person don’t eat
breakfast（Ratio)
Target
Value of
baseline
*40～74 Men MS
The middle
result value
Target
value
＞50%
*40～74 Women MS
20%
20’s～60’s obesity men
24.3％
29.0％
Less than 15%
20’s～60’s obesity women
25.2％
24.6％
Less than 20%
8202 steps
7282 stpes
7575 steps
6821steps
9200 steps
8300 steps
Adult
292g／a day
267／日
350g or more
Milk, Dairy product
107g／a day
101g／日＊＊
130g or more
Beans
76g／a day
65g／日＊＊
100g or more
Brightly colored
vegetables
98g／a day
89g／日＊＊
120g or more
6.0％
6.2％
0％
Men（20-29）
32.9％
34.3％
15％ or mor
Men（30-39）
20.5％
25.9％
Less than 15％
Men
Women
Junior and High school student
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 17th October 2006 * 8th March 2006 MS=Metabolic syndrome + reserve
The annual transition of an undernourished rate
of the breakfast deteriorates
Each class of sex and age、20 y.o. or more
Men
（％）
（％）
30
Women
30
20-29
20
20
20-29
30-39
10
10
30-39
0
0
1975 1985 1990 1998 2002
year
1975 1985 1990 1998 2002
year
Current state of national nourishment (2005) is modified
Annual transition of undernourished rate of breakfast
The healthy people and nutritional surveillance (2004)
Total
Menl
Women
Temporary
decrease
Rise
Undernourished rate of breakfast according to age of man
and woman（A lot in one person household）
The healthy people and nutritional surveillance (2004)
(Undernourished contains only the cake and the tablet)
Men
Total
Single
home
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Above70
women
Total
Single
home
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Above70
Half of people who eat breakfast every day are the following by 45.0%.
From the person and 19 years old to 29 years old who becomes a member of
society in April, 2004
Total
全　体
45.0
30.0
Men
男　性
44.0
30.0
女　性
Women
46.0
Living
with
親と同居
parents
36.9
everyday
1-2times a week
0
20
40
12.0
16.0
25.8
26.3
10.0
14.0
30.0
56.5
それ以外
Others
15.0
8.0
12.9
18.4
4.8
18.4
3-4times a week
Not eat
60
80
100(%)
Kellog's Update(2000) is modified
Time goes to bed of high school students in Japan, US and China
45
40
Japa
n
Frequency(%)
35
30
25
US
20
15
Chin
a
10
5
re
sp
on
d
r2
No
Time goes to bed
Man and woman small
difference　(2005.3)
af
te
2
1-
1
0-
-0
23
23
22
-
22
21
-
be
fo
re
21
0
Transition of Japanese sleeping time　（The Management and Coordination Agency）
ev
er y
ye
a
r
Shortest in
the world
Sleeping time
Sh
or
tni
ng
Meal/
A little thing
Meal time
Sleeping
Men have job
Bathing
for making
Time spends a little
thing around myself
Women have job
Time of average during week that contained weekend on weekday. One scale is the same 20 minutes though the level of the scale is different
“Social life basis investigation” (Ministry of Public Management,
Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications Statistics Bureau
＊The cross country comparison is the Management and
Coordination Agency “ Statistics. "(Jul. 2006)
Mortality rate according to healthy custom point according to age class
Promised
healthy custom point＊
7　Healthy life customs
･Maintenance of
normal weight
･Moderate exercise
･No smoking
･Drinking of proper
quantity
･Custom of breakfast
･Limitation of eating
between meals
･Adequate sleep
Age when investigating（Men）
modified
f
l
a
h
a
d
n
a
s
r
a
e
y
e
n
i
n
r
o
f
e
t
a
r
h
t
a
e
D
Study time except school（including cram school)
A small difference between boys and girls
50
After it comes home, half the number of the high
school student in Japan is not studied
45
Jap
an
35
30
US
25
20
15
Chi
na
10
5
re
no
4
or
m
or
sp
on
se
e
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.
5
0
0
Frequency（%)
40
Study time
Japan youth research institute, “Learning consideration and daily life of high school students”, Available
from <http://www1.odn.ne.jp/youth-study/reserch/2005/shukei.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)
Ratio where the youth in Japan feels lack of sleep
（Japanese Society of School Health :
Health condition surveillance business report of child in 1992 fiscal year and student）
（％）
60
Boys
Girls
50
40
30
20
10
0
Total
3,4th grade
5,6th grade
Junior high
High school
Administering of glucose and the traffic accident
Breakfast activates the brain and prevents the accident
6
Keul, J. et al. Akt. Ernaehr. 7:7-14 (1982)
Rate of accident (Relative
）
＊
value
5
対照
Contrast
＊Driving mis-overindex calculated with driving
simulator
4
（Fahrfehlerfaktor) is Accurate original xpression
3
2
The
glucose administration
グルコース投与
1
0
35
70
110 (km）
If breakfast is not taken, it is easy to get in a traffic accident.
If the glucose is given, concentration is kept.
Correlation of breakfast intake and result
(It is an object as for the Jichiidai life of all dormitory system).
（位）
100
Have breakfast
朝食摂取者
Undernourished
朝食欠食者
breakfast
80
Average lank
60
The character, knowledge,
and the skill after it
educates methodically
become preeminent
though
the deviation value of the
solitary island and the
remote rural area coming
from person is lower
than that of National
Universities
40
20
0
1978
1979
Yasuo KAGAWA　et al, 「Nourishment intake, serum lipid, and academic grade of student in breakfasting
undernourished and dormitory」, 『The journal of Japanese nutrition』, 38(6), 1980.11 p.283-94
It is a correct answer rate of each subject whether have breakfast
Junior high school
Average correct answer rate（％）
have
breakfast?
Japanese
Absolutely
81.5
Society
73.3
80.5
Mathematics
67.7
71.9
Science
75.4
69.6
66.1
English
68.3
73.9
Mostly
76.8
66.4
60.0
63.1
68.1
Don’t often
73.5
62.2
54.8
59.0
63.1
72.8
Don’t
71.9
61.7
60.9
54.1
53.0
58.8
58.5
62.3
61.1
Tokyo Educational committee, ”Analysis about result 『Attitude survey about learning』”, Available
from <http://www.kyoiku.metro.tokyo.jp/press/pr060608s/c_bunseki.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)
It is a correct answer rate of each subject whether have breakfast
Elementary School
have breakfast?
Absolutely
Japanese
80.5
Society
82.9
79.6
Arithmetic
77.6
82.0
Science　77.4
76.5
76.5
Mostly
74.5
77.0
70.5
71.9
Don’t often
71.3
73.5
66.4
68.7
70.6
Don’t
69.0
72.5
69.9
65.6
63.5
68.3
67.0
Tokyo Educational committee, ”Analysis about result 『Attitude survey about learning』”, Available
from <http://www.kyoiku.metro.tokyo.jp/press/pr060608s/c_bunseki.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)
It is a correct answer rate of each subject whether have breakfast
National, educational science laboratory survey
(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology , 2004)
everyday
usually
Not often
Not at all, or very often
A breakfast
undernourished child
is low scholastic
attainments of about
20% in all subjects
5th
8th
Japanese
5th
Society
8th
5th
8th
Mathematics
5th
Science
8th
8th
English
Breakfasting undernourished is harmful in the physical education
Number of turns of 20-meter shuttle runs according to breakfast intake situation
Girls
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology physical strength
moving ability investigation result , 2005
Number of return
（caution)：Breakfast in "Eat every day" group , saying that "Eat“. "Do not eat" is "Do
not sometimes eat" person and "Do not eat every day" person‘ s crowds as for breakfast
eat
Don’t eat
Girls (Smilar result as boys)
(6-17 y.o)
Ratio of child who goes to bed after ten o'clock（％）
1 years
And 6 months
2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years
1980
25
29
22
13
10
1990
38
41
36
23
17
2000
55
59
52
39
40
From Japanese infant health society "Health infant degree investigation report"
Does child's brain how be done and become a human brain?
①
The nervous system that increases revitalization at time (Come to be
able to distinguish day and night) until months of four after one's birth
chiefly develops the forebrain limbic system, and is necessary for a
mother-child dyad, an environmental adaptation, the storage function, and
the right and left of large brain function differentiation. A healthy motherchild dyad is necessary for the character
②
The nervous system that increases revitalization to the first stage of
the infant period (The catnap becomes one time from two times) for four
months is necessary for the union field's in which it takes part in the
acknowledgment function integration developing. It is disorder of the day
of parents' rhythm and a personality aberration
③
The nervous system that increases revitalization at the latter
term under the expectation (The catnap is reduced and become the
sleep of two compatibilities day and night) is infant necessary for
the society and motivation‘s developing through a misfortune
movement system large brain radical fixed nucleus →　Anti-social
behavior
Masaya SEGAWA, “How Child brain becomes adult brain” 『Genetics』, 58(3), 2004.5 p.58-65
Child's mental health and eating habits
男 boys
女girls
Average score of lifestyle
いじめている
Bully
38.0
36.0
A
34.2
33.8
B
29.9
29.1
C
0
10
20
A
10.3
B 0.0 3.2
B
11.2
0.8
1.2
％
50 点
40
17.0
0
10
I have
the teacher I can consult
相談できる先生がいる
A
24.1
B
10.2
C
11.3
D
11.3
11.9
E 0.0
0
26.8
A 0.0
15.8
30
40
50 ％
6.5
0
20
40
10.1
38.1
47.6
80.3
80.5
E
30
％
0
20
40
60
80
100
％
8.4
11.2
B
17.8
D
60
16.1
13.8
A
16.3
C
17.0
88.5
66.0
Dimly
ぼんやりする
7.4
B
20
E
40.4
20
73.2
37.6
Dizziness
めまいがする
3.5
10
38.1
27.8
D
12.4
E
30
24.2
C
5.0
D
22.6
24.1
E
25.8
A 0.0 3.4
C
26.6
26.9
D
Burns
soon
すぐカッとする
80
C
19.8
22.2
D
21.6
18.8
E
100 ％
66.0
0
20
40
60
75.0
80
％
Change in time after it eats and the inside of the body in method of supplying sugar
Hour)
Fat when having meal
The sugar of excessive
Amino acids
becomes fat
Hour)
muscle
Lipid organization
Speed of glucose consumption
Protein resolution
Lactic
acid
Gastrointestinal
absorption
sugar
Material of sugar
Amino acid
Glycerol
hour)
Fat acid
(7g/h)
Hour)
Amount of liver
glycogen mobilization
Newborn amount ofLiver,
liver Kidney newborn, blood sugar
Blood sugar decrease
Ketone body newborn
Hour)
Hormonal secretion
Fatty acid
Hour)
of struggle
Blood sugar
Long term
storing for
Blood sugar
half a day
storing
Sugar
in food
hour
Meal
time
Use of
sugar,
Organ
period
Whole
body
hour
hour
hour
period
hour
period
Whole body (The liver, the muscle,
and tallow are excluded)
Brain uses glucose only
day
day
day
period
Brain, Renal medulla
day
period
Brain
(Speed decrease)
(Glucose + Ketone body)
Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study”
KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.56
It eats the mental health score high
(By health) breakfast
Ratio of person who did not eat
％）
（
breakfast
20.0
High
a little high
a little low
Low
15.8
14.2
12.5
12.0
11.8
9.9
10.0
8.2
5.2
4.9 5.1
10.6
9.6
7.1 7.1
4.5
2.4
0.0
8th grade
boy
8gh grade
girl
10th grade
boy
10th grade
girl
Relation investigation of actual conditions of state of mental health and lifestyle
(The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2006)
Comparison of heat production generated by meal by meal pattern
60
50
(kcal)
ごはん食＋ごはん食
Rice meal + rice meal
Meal occurs heat and is manure
p＜0.1
Undernourished + rice meal
欠食＋ごはん食２食
High
fat meal + high fat meal
高脂肪食＋高脂肪食
40
30
Undernourished
欠食＋高脂肪食２食
+ high fat meal 2 times
p＜0.001
20
10
0
Morning
午前
Afternoon
午後
Total
合計
Toshio MORIYA at al, 「Report of rice eating concerned about basic data collect, 2005」, Available
from <http://morichan.jinkan.kyoto-u.ac.jp/general/rice2.pdf>, (accessed 2007-12-11)
The blood sugar normalizes when breakfast is increased and supper is decreased.
The type life at Japanese night is one cause of a diabetic increase.
Lecture before and after
and change of breakfast and supper in energy
T test
Before lecture
A year later
Before lecture, a year later
Breakfast energy
Before lecture, a year later
Supper energy
Kayoko ADACHI “Method of guiding handy nourishment in insulin non-dependency diabetic and
examination at guidance continuance” 『Nourishment study magazine』, 56(3), 1998.6 p.156-170
Change in 朝食、昼食後の血糖値の変化
blood sugar level after breakfast and lunch
160.0
Blood Sugar value
朝食後の血糖値
after breakfast
mg/100mL
140.0
In case of person had
breakfast. Blood Sugar
value after lunch
朝食を摂食した人の
昼食後の血糖値
In case of person don’t
朝食を欠食した人の
have breakfast. Blood
Sugar value after lunch
昼食後の血糖値
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
0
50
100
Minutes
分
150
200
Breakfast when you take lunch with feeding
The blood sugar goes up suddenly, and it
causes obesity and the diabetic
Hata at al, “Effectiveness that breakfast undernourished cause influence the change of blood
sugar value after lunch”, 『Bulletin of Kagawa nutrition university』, 34, 2003.12 p.33-9
Even if breakfast is taken, the quality is a problem:
The breakfast where the main dish, the side dish, and soup
become complete is 9%
Meal pattern seen from staple food, main dish,
side dish, and the combination (%)
Number where staple food
and side dish become complete
Unknown
Main dish
Staple food
Side dish
Breakfast
Breakfast
Undernourished
Soup
Unknown
Main dish
Staple food
Side dish
Soup
Supper
Supper
Undernourished
The insulin elevation of the rice is less than that of bread,
and the neutral fat is less an increase
The amount of the glucidic of the
breakfast is bread, rice, and 79g.
Bread
It confirms it to ten testees by the
crossover
Insulin
Rice
30 minutes
After breakfast
Exercise
50%VO2 by Ergometer
Before meal
Time (minute)
Ishii, K. et al. “A rice diet is associated with less fat synthesis/accumulation than a
bread diet before exercise therapy” J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 51(5), 2005, 349-54
paraventricular nucleus
Corpus pineale
Awaking of
brain by light
Sleep happens by
the melatonin that
goes out of the
corpus pineale
Eyeball
Retina
Rhythm of day that
clock gene of
suprachiasmatic
nucleus makes
Suprachiasmatic
nucleus
Spinal cord
(thoracic spinal cord)
Alternative ganglion
Middle lateral nuclei
Yasuo KAGAWA, “Recommendation of breakfast. Renew ed.”
KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2007, p.127
Oscillation mechanism of day of by the main clock gene rhythm
Action obstruction
Clock
One day cycle
Increase and
decrease of
density of Per
and Cry
Bmal1
Per and Cry are pendulums that
increase and decrease at the
cycle of a day　(vibration)
Clock
Per
Appearance
promotion in E-box
Cry
Correction of position
of needle of clock with
light in morning and
breakfast
Bmal1
E Box
Clock
E box activation of
hundreds of kinds
of metabolic
enzyme gene
The vicissitude is
controlled at the
cycle of a day
Bmal1
E　Box
Obesity by disorder
Lifestyle disease
「Clock gene」featuring, 『Weekly walk of medicine』, 216(3), 2006.1 p.199-242
Yasuo KAGAWA. “Easy nourishment study”
KAGAWA Nutrition publishing, 2006, p.174
Rhythm formation mechanism of day of of tip clock
Center Clock
Sun
Autonomic nerve system
Internal secretion system
Breakfast
Tip Clock
Influence of restricted feeding on tip clock
-2
Free feeding
1 ・・・
0
-1
Fast
Restricted feeding
(5:00-9:00)
Center
Clock
Tip
Clock
14 (days)
Corpus pineale that
rules sleep
Rhythm of day that
clock gene of
suprachiasmatic
nucleus makes
Melatonin secretion of
pineal gland
It happens in the evening
Sleeping
The
TheUnited
UnitedStates
Statesstarted
startedthe
theschool
schoolbreakfast
breakfastin
inall
allstates
statesfor
forthe
the
energies
energiesimprovement
improvementof
ofthe
thepeople.
people.School
Schoolchild's
child'shealth
healthenhancement
enhancement
and
the
improvement
and
a
delinquency
decrease
in
the
academic
and the improvement and a delinquency decrease in the academicgrade
grade
are
confirmed
in
detail
every
year
are confirmed in detail every year
Lecture on Tim Johnson senator in school breakfast symposium
To overcome the global competition, we should have the educated
productive manpower. The school child's education is necessary for that.
Meal for national power improvement
The school breakfast is one of the best methods of Promotion and
education in the school child in the United States
Remarks to the Symposium on Breakfast and Learning in Children
Senator Tim Johnson
Meals for Achievement　April 22, 1999
However, for the United States to compete effectively in the world, we must have
an educated and　ｐroductive workforce. In order to have an educated and
productive workforce, We must prepare our　children to learn. In order to prepare
our children to learn, they must be well nourished, and that begins　ｗith a good
breakfast.
School breakfast is one of our nation’s best tools for the advancement of our
schoolchildren.
http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Breakfast/Symposium/Johnson.htm
How to learn the Breakfast custom
：Empowerment
•
•
•
•
•
The teachers should esteem breakfast undernourished person's
idea. Why is it?. Independence support.
A necessary knowledge and skill for self management are given.
Morning sunlight. Early going to bed and rise.
The serious person of the truancy etc. is a development pediatrics
department etc. and the tertiary care is necessary. Setting A
possible target. An undernourished person takes the responsibility
for the result.
When it is possible to achieve it by one step, it praises and the selfeffect feeling is improved. The cause is discovered if there is a
trouble of the breakfast intake and it searches for the evasion
method.
Making to the activity to the custom is important in continuation in
daily life. Especially, the family's cooperation is indispensable to
child's breakfast