Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Landtechnik im Wandel des 21. Jahrhunderts
Mobile Arbeitsmaschinen werden zu
„Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)“
Prof. T.Herlitzius, Lehrstuhl Agrarsystemtechnik
Technology drives productivity
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Today high performance agricultural machines establish productivity by
– growing working width,
– higher operational speed,
– larger storage volumes,
which expands engine power, weight & size.
Source: Claas
Today weight and dimension
are becoming a
major limitation (NA, EU)
Machines become smarter by
Process Automation
– Internal System-and Process Control
– Machine Fleet Management
yet
– Process Chain Control
immature
– Autonomous Machine Control
Source: Horsch
Source: John Deere
January 2017
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
-2-
Evolution to smart & connected
Source: Roland Berger Consultants
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Future information and communication technology
could change
agricultural production processes in a unprecedented way !
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
o 5G mobile communication
o Internet of Things – automated data
exchange between devices
o Mobile/Cloud Computing – Smart
Phones, Tablets
o Consumers Electronics – Wearables
o location based monitoring – GIS
information, UAS
o Big Data – Linked Open Data
Evolution of machines
from embedded to cyber–physical systems
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
increasing complexity
Embedded System
e.g. hitch controller
communication wall between
machine system and the
world
Controllernetzwerk
e.g.traktor-implement ISO-Bus
Cyber-Physical System
e.g. M2M, Telematics
Vision:
Internet of Things
Data & Services
Challenges in Agri-Business
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
productivity
peak performance
process quality
cost of ownership
connectivity
sustainability
resource recirculation
biodiversity
January 2017
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
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How Smart, Connected Products Are
Transforming Competition
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
product
smart
product
smart,connected
product
product system
system of systems
Weather
data
system
Farm
equipm.
system
Farm
equipm.
system
Farm
Mgmt.
system
Seed
optim.
system
Irrigation
system
Harvard Business Review | Nov. 2014 | http://hbr.org/search/R1411C
Michael E. Porter is a University Professor at Harvard, based at Harvard Business School in Boston
James E. Heppelmann is the president and CEO of PTC
January 2017
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
-7-
Smart & Connected Just Got Started
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
product
smart
product
smart,connected
product
product system
system of systems
Asia
Weather
data
system
North America
Western Europe
Farm
equipm.
system
Eastern Europe
Farm
equipm.
system
Farm
Mgmt.
system
Seed
optim.
system
Irrigation
system
Market Penetration
January 2017
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
-8-
Definition Cyber–Physical System
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Definition Edward A. Lee, 2008 [1]:
„Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations
of computation with physical processes.
Embedded computers and networks monitor
and control the physical processes, usually with
feedback loops where physical processes affect
computations and vice versa.”
Acatech research agenda, 2012 [2]:
Connection of physical system with information
technology utilizing open global networks (e.g.
Internet)
Typical examples “Smart Grids”, „Car-to-X“
[1]
[2]
Cyber Physical Systems: Design Challenges”, E. A. Lee, Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2008-8;
http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2008/EECS-2008-8.html
Integrierte Forschungsagenda Cyber-Physical Systems, Acatech 2012; http://www.acatech.de/?id=1405
January 2017
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
-9-
Definition of mobile cyber-physical
systems
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Future creation of added value takes place with many and in real time
Connectivity
systems of
machines .
communicating
networks
machine to machine players in closely connected
machine to human
machine to infrastructure
Systems
systems
Roland Berger of
Strategy
Consultants / BDI, 2015
DIE DIGITALE TRANSFORMATION DER INDUSTRIE
New
business
models
Automation
Security and
safety
January 2017
Human
centered
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
-10-
Autonomous systems in agricultural
environments
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Robust and economical viable automation is pre-condition for autonomous systems
Problem of automation in biobased value chains:
– many disturbances and strong variation of inputs
– lack of sensors and process knowledge
– huge diversity of machines and execution of processes
potential of improvement
enterprise
car
manufacturing
process
machine
mobile machines in
agriculture, forestry
and construction
component
automation level:
low
assisted
full
Griepentrog (2015), modified
January 2017
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
-11-
Technology roadmap for developments
driven by enhanced connectivity
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Source: Roland Berger Consultants
Oct 2016
Agriculture Systems & Technology
-12-
Challenge of Automation
considering human as part of the system vs. a limitation
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
number of employees
worker
prof.
worker
group
leader
manager
with high automation
current
low
January 2017
with full automation
medium
objective of high and
collaborative automation
high
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
employee
competence
level
-13-
Vision of systems of machines
towards robotic swarms
Cost
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Productivity, Customer Value
January 2017
Mobile Machines become Cyber-Physical Systems
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Evolution von Traktor Geräte Systemen
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
Produktivität / Wertschöpfung
Gesamtsystem
KONZEPTWECHSEL
+FarmManagement
System
+ext. Sensorik
+Sensorik
+Automatisierung
Traktion/Power/MMI Prozess
+ Klappkinematik
FMS
+x
 Antriebe
+ Navigation
 Rahmen
 konfigurierbar nach
Prozesserforderniss
2
 Automatisierung
 Leistung skalierbar
+Traktion
1
1980
1990
2000
Schwarmmodul
2010
2020
?
2030
-16-
Thank you for following through
Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering - Institute of Natural Materials Technology
the future world of cyber-physical systems