Property
Physical properties
(23℃)
Method of test ASTM
Unit
Iupital F10* Iupital F20* Iupital F30*
Ratio
-
-
1.41
1.41
1.41
Water absorption rate
D-750
%
0.22
0.22
0.22
%
0.16
0.16
0.16
g/10min
2.5
9.0
27.0
(23℃ under water 24 hours of retting)
(Equilibration 50%RH)
Melt index
D-1239
DSC
Thermal properties
Melting point
10℃/min Temperature
℃
165
165
165
Vicat softening temperature
rising
℃
162
162
162
Deflection temperature under load
D-1525
℃
110
110
110
(18.6kg/cm2)
D-648
℃
158
158
158
-5
-5
9x10-5
cm/cm/℃
Mechanical properties
(23℃)
(4.6kg/cm2)
-25℃
Linear expansion coefficient
UL94
Combustibleness
(1/8" and 1/16")
Tensile strength
Tensile elongation
+25℃
9x10
9x10
-
HB
HB
HB
D-638
kg/cm2
620
625
630
D-638
%
65
60
50
2
28,300
28,900
29,100
Tensile elastic modulus
D-638
kg/cm
Flexural strength
D-790
kg/cm2
890
915
920
Flexural modulus
D-790
kg/cm
2
26,200
26,500
26,700
Shear strength
D-732
kg/cm2
560
560
560
D-256
kg・cm/cm
7.5
6.5
5.5
kg・cm/cm
>110
>110
>110
2
180
120
100
M78
M80
M78
14
14
14
Izot impact strength
(With notch)
(Without notch)
Tensile impact strength
(1.6mm thick)
D-1822
kg・cm/cm
Rockwell hardness
D-785
-
Taper abrasion
D-1044
mg/1,000
Circle
Kinetic coefficient of friction Against steel
Westover (Radial type)
-
0.13
0.13
0.13
Against brass
"
-
0.15
0.15
0.15
Against
"
-
0.15
0.15
0.15
"
-
0.20
0.20
0.20
-
0.35
0.35
0.35
-
3.7
3.7
3.7
-
3.7
3.7
3.7
-
0.001
0.001
0.001
-
0.007
0.007
0.007
16
16
1.0x1016
1.0x1014
1.0x1014
1.0x1014
>200
>200
>200
aluminum
Against iupital
Poisson ratio
Permittivity 102Hz
D-150
6
10 Hz
"
2
Electrical properties
(23℃)
(* -01 -02 -03 Common)
Dielectric tangent 10 Hz
6
10 Hz
D-150
"
Surface resistivity
D-257
Ω
Volume resistivity
D-257
Ωcm
Arc resistance
D-495
sec
1.0x10
1.0x10
1.
M echanical properties
1.1 Tensile strength
Figure 1.1-1 and 1.1-2 indicate stress-strain curve and elastic modulus-strain curve when iupital is
pulled in strain rate of 5 ㎜/min. Temperature dependence is indicated in Figure 1.1-3 and velocity
dependence is indicated in Figure 1.1-4.
Iupital tensile property is shown below.
Tensile strength
625kg/cm2
Coefficient of extension
60%
Tensile elastic modulus
28900kg/cm2
In addition, there is a secant elastic modulus ratio as an efficient data of deformation-adjusted design,
and as in the figure, it is stress-strain curve, and from tangent gradient Eo (initial elastic modulus), and
line ,drew from origin to each curve, gradient Es (secant elastic modulus),
it can be shown as secant elastic modulus ratio=Es/Eo
Tensile distortion rate
Tensile stress and distortion rate (%)
Figure 1.1-1
Tensile stress and distortion rate
Elastic modulus of
distortion rate εi
Figure 1.1-2
Elastic modulus (%)
Secant elastic modulus ratio and distortion rate
Tensile strength
Temperature (℃)
Figure 1.1-3
Tensile strength and temperature dependence
Temperature
Tensile
strength
Temperature
Tensile
elongation
Tension rate (mm/min)
Figure 1.1-4
1.2
Tensile strength and velocity dependence
Flexural strength
Figure 1.2-1 and 1.2-2 indicate stress-strain curve and elastic modulus-strain curve when iupital is
bent in flexure rate of 10mm/min. Temperature dependence is indicated in Figure 1.2-3.
Iupital flexural property is shown below.
Flexural strength
915kg/cm2
Elastic modulus
26500kg/cm2
Velocity
Fulcrum distance 101.6mm
Test piece
Flexural
fiber stress
Figure 1.2-1
Flexural
stress and distortion rate
Flexural distortion rate (%)
Flexural
distortion
rate
Initial elastic
modulus
Flexural distortion rate (%)
Figure 1.2-2
secant elastic modulus ratio and
distortion rate
Elastic
modulus
Temperature (℃)
Figure 1.2-3
dependence
Flexural strength and temperature
1.3
Com pressive strength
Figure 1.3-1 indicates compressive stress-strain curve.
Iupital compressive strength is shown below. (ASTM D-695)
Compressive strength
1% strain
310kg/cm2
10% strain
1050kg/cm2
Compressive
stress
Compressive strain (%)
Figure 1.3-1
1.4
Compressive stress-strain curve
Shear strength
Figure 1.4-1 indicates shear stress and shear load-deformation amount curve.
Iupital shear strength is shown below.
Shear strength
560kg/cm2
Shear
stress
Test piece thickness (A) 1mm(B) 2mm
Strain velocity
1mm/min
Temperature
23℃
Shear strain amount (mm)
Figure 1.4-1
Shear stress and shear strain
1.5
Im pact strength
Figure 1.5-1 and 1.5-2 indicate impact strength and impact fatigue by each corner shape.
Iupital impact strength is shown below.
Izod method with notch
〔thickness 3.2mm〕ASTM D-256
Izod method without notch〔thickness 3.2mm〕
Tensile impact method
Falling ball method
Ball head 5R
"
6.5kg・cm/cm
>110kg・cm/cm
〔thickness 3.2mm〕ASTM D-1822
150kg・cm/cm2
〔thickness 1.6mm〕
120kg・cm/cm2
"
〔thickness 3.2mm〕
25kg・cm
Pad 85mm
Temperature dependence and thickness dependence are small in Izod with notch.
Figure 1.5-1
Impact strength and curvature
Figure 1.5-2
Repetitive impact fatigue
1.6
Long-tim e behavior under load
1.6.1
Fatigue endurance
Figure 1.6.1-1 and 1.6.1-2 indicate the result of iupital tension, compression and flexural fatigue.
Test piece
Test condition
Test rate
Tensile
stress
Times repeated until destruction
Figure 1.6.1-1
Tensile fatigue strength and times repeated
Test piece
Test rate
Flexural
stress
Times repeated until destruction
Figure 1.6.1-2
Flexural fatigue strength and times repeated
1.6.2
Creep properties
Deformation will gradually grow under a situation left for long time with a certain amount of stress.
This is called creep phenomenon. Figure 1.6.2-1 and 1.6.2-2 indicate iupital creep deformation.
Test condition
Creep
strain
Time (hr)
Figure 1.6.2-1
Tensile creep deformation
Test condition
Creep
strain
Time (hr)
Figure 1.6.2-2
Tensile creep deformation
1.6.3
Stress relaxation
Stress to keep strain will gradually decrease under a situation left for long time with a certain
amount of strain (deformation). This is called stress relaxation phenomenon.
Figure 1.6.3-1 indicates iupital stress relaxation
Flexural
stress
Initial stress
Time (min)
Figure 1.6.3-1
Flexural stress relaxation
2.
Therm al properties
2.1
M elting point
According to DSC analysis, the melting point of iupital is 165℃
2.2
Therm al conductivity and specific heat
Iupital thermal conductivity
Iupital specific heat
2.3
Coefficient of therm al expansion
Iupital coefficient of thermal expansion will change by the temperature. Figure 2.3-1 and 2.3-2
indicate measurement growth rate and temperature dependence of linear expansion coefficient.
Measurement
growth rate
Temperature (℃)
Figure 2.3-1
Iupital measurement growth rate by temperature alteration (20℃ standard)
Linear
expansion
coefficient
Temperature (℃)
Figure 2.3-2
Iupital linear expansion coefficient and temperature dependence
Iupital linear expansion is shown below.
Linear expansion coefficient
-25
20
25℃
80℃
8
10
9
10-5cm/cm/℃
16
10-5cm/cm/℃
2.4
Deflection tem perature under load
Iupital deflection temperature under load
Stress
2.5
18.6kg/cm2
110℃
(ASTM-D648)
4.6kg/cm2
158℃
(
"
)
Property variation by thermal process
Molded product sometimes deforms by its shape complexity, uneven thickness, and insert's existence,
which will lead to inequality of melted resin flow and solidification rate and end up with residual strain
inside. In general, crystalline resin is easier to relax stress than amorphous resin, and also residual
strain is smaller. In addition, it causes less stress-cracking as well.
Annealing is often used as a method of cleaning up the residual strain in the molded product, and in
case of iupital, annealing temperature should be around 140℃ to 150℃ in general. However, iupital
molded product will pull out dimension and property change when it receives heat aging in various
operating temperature, because it cause crystallization. It might grow in tensile and flexural strength,
but will decrease in elastic modulus, expansion and impact, which will end up with dimensional
shrinkage. Consequently, these changes need to be concerned when designing product.
2.5.1
Strength variation by therm al process
Strength variation by thermal process will differ by the temperature, time, and molding condition.
Initial elastic modulus tend to decrease by thermal process. Figure 2.5.1-1 and 2.5.1-2 indicate strength
variation.
Tensile
Thermal process condition
Unprocessed
Thermal process condition
Unprocessed
Heat cycle
Heat cycle
(-20℃
80℃10 cycle)
(-20℃
80℃10 cycle)
strength
strength
retention rate
retention rate
Tool temperature when molding (℃)
Figure 2.5.1-1
Tensile
Thermal process condition
and tensile strength variation
Tool temperature when molding (℃)
Figure 2.5.1-2
Thermal process condition
and flexural strength variation
2.5.2
M easurem ent variation by therm al process
Crystalline resin will cause dimension change by thermal process because it accelerates
crystallization. The factors that will effect greatly to the dimension change is thermal process condition
(temperature, time), and molding condition (thickness, tool temperature). Figure 2.5.2-1 and Figure
2.5.2-2 indicate their relationship.
Thermal process condition
Heat
Heat cycle
(-20℃
80℃10 cycle)
shrinking
Thermal process
condition
Tool temperature
when molding
ratio
Tool temperature when molding (℃)
Figure 2.5.2-1
Tool temperature when
molding and dimension change by thermal
process condition
Molded product thickness (mm)
Figure 2.5.2‐2
Molded product thickness
and dimension change by heating process
3. Chem ical properties
3.1
Water absorbability and water resistance
Figure 3.1-2, 3.1-2, 3.1-3 indicate weight change by Iupital water absorption, equilibrium water
absorption rate, and dimension change by water absorption. Figure 3.1-4 indicates changes in tensile
impact strength when left under high-temperature water. Figure 3.1-5 indicates changes in tensile
strength.
Under
water
Under
water
Water
Under
water
absorption
rate
Equilibrium
water
absorption
Under
water
rate
Days
Figure3.1-1
temperature (℃)
Water absorption rate
Figure 3.1-2
Equilibrium water
absorption rate and temperature
dependence
Dimension
change rate
Water absorption rate (%)
Figure 3.1-3
Dimension change by water absorption
Tensile impact
strength retention
rate
Immersion time (hr)
Figure 3.1-4
Hot water immersion and changes in tensile impact strength
Immersion time (hr)
Figure 3.1-5
Hot water immersion and changes in tensile strength
3.2
Chem ical resistance
Iupital chemical resistance is good and have resistibility against many organic or inorganic
pharmaceuticals and petroleum component. Table 3 indicates physicality changes in Iupital after
immersed in each chemical at common temperature or 70℃. Some inorganic strong acid and organic
acid might cause erosion or deterioration.
In general, plastics are likely to cause stress crack or solvent corrosion. Though Iupital is a stress
crack resistant material, sometimes it might occur at a stress concentrated part and a weld part.
Hydrochloric acid is one of the sensitive chemicals for Iupital stress.
Table 3.2
Chemical resistance and oil resistance of Iupital
Immerse condition
Classification
Chemical name
Change rate (%)
Concentration(%) Temperature(℃)
Tensile
Measure Weight
strength
n-heptane
100
23
0
-0.01
+0.15
Ethylism alcohol
99.5
23
-4.0
+0.13
+0.06
Aceton
98
23
-4.2
+0.61
+1.50
Carbon tetrachloride
96
23
-0.6
+0.05
+0.43
5
70
-4.5
-0.51
-1.29
Mitsubishi high-octane gasoline
100
23
-0.8
+0.06
+0.26
Diamond motor oil
100
70
+4.4
-0.13
+0.07
Transmission oil
100
70
+3.7
-0.12
+0.12
Gasoline・
High-voltage insulation oil
100
70
+0.2
+0.07
-0.90
Grease・
Diamond chassis grease
100
70
+3.9
-0.10
+0.18
Motor oil
Cup grease number 3
100
70
+3.2
-0.06
+0.23
Lubricant Daphne # 115
100
70
+4.7
-0.16
+0.18
Lubricant Swarup RO-700
100
70
-2.8
+0.02
-0.33
Lubricant turbine oil # 140
100
70
+4.2
-0.14
+0.09
Mama lemon (LION)
100
70
+2.6
-0.32
-0.33
My pet (Kao)
100
70
+1.0
-0.25
-0.16
100
70
+0.5
-0.08
+0.20
Sodium chloride
10
70
+3.1
-0.26
-0.15
Sodium hydroxide
10
70
+4.2
-0.29
-0.27
3
23
+0.8
-0.03
+0.13
Organic
chemicals
Acetic acid
Detergent
Tonic shampoo
(Sunstar)
Inorganic
Vitriol
chemical
Hydrochloric acid
10
23
X
X
X
Hydrogen peroxide
3
23
-0.8
0
+0.25
23
+0.8
-0.02
+0.13
Distillated water
Measurement sample figure: Tensile strength test piece, 1/8 inch thick
Immersion time: 90 days
4.
Frictional wear properties
4.1
Thrust friction wear
Table 4.1-1, 4.1-2, 4.1-3 and Figure 4.1-1, 4.1-2, 4.1-3, 4.1-4 indicate friction coefficient, limiting PV value,
and specific wear volume by thrust wear of cylindrical test piece which contact area is 2cm2 and tabular test
piece.
Table 4.1-1
Friction material
Coefficient of static friction
Coefficient of static friction (μ)
Stationary side
Movable side
Iupital
Steel
0.12
0.16
Iupital
Brass
0.13
0.18
Steel
Iupital
0.12
0.18
Iupital
Iupital
0.20
0.28
Attention: Surface pressure
Low-speed rotation
Table 4.1-2
Coefficient of static friction and surface pressure
Friction material
Stationary side
Iupital
Torque
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Load x Average radius
μ＝
Movable side
Steel
velocity
Surface pressure
Coefficient of static
(kg/cm2)
friction
5.1
0.17
0.19
9.8
0.13
0.18
15.1
0.13
0.16
25.3
0.10
0.16
velocity
Friction
coefficient
Surface pressure
Figure 4.1-1
Surface pressure
Coefficient of kinetic friction and surface pressure (against steel)
(Steady friction coefficient of 3 hours after under load friction)
Surface pressure
Surface pressure
Friction
coefficient
velocity
velocity
Figure 4.1-2 Coefficient of kinetic friction and velocity (against steel)
against steel
Limiting
against Iupital
PV value
velocity
Figure 4.1-3
velocity
Limiting PV value (Surface pressure increase method every 20 minutes)
Specific wear
volume
Surface pressure
Figure 4.1-4
Specific wear volume and surface pressure, velocity (against steel)
Table 4.1-3
Material*
against brass
against aluminum
1.1
2.0
19
volume**
surface pressure
0.7
condition
Specific wear volume (against each material)
against steel
Specific wear
Testing
velocity
10kg/cm
2
velocity
7.8
surface pressure
2
2
5kg/cm
velocity
72.4km/day
3
surface pressure
2.5
7.8
2.5
5kg/cm
velocity
15.5km/day
7.8
against Iupital
30
surface pressure
0.15
0.35kg/cm2
velocity
15.5km/day
15.5,43.9,72.4km/day
Average specific wear
Average specific wear
Average specific wear
Average specific wear
volume in
volume in
volume in
volume in
[Attention] Specific wear
volume(mm3/kg・km）＝
* Metal stock surface lapping
** Unit (x 10-2mm3/kg・km)
Friction capacity(mm3)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Surface pressure(kg/cm2) x Walking distance (km) x Contact area(cm2)
4.2
Bearing (Journal bearing)
Iupital has good mechanical properties, long-term durability, thermostability, chemical resistance, and
friction wear properties, so it can be used as various slide member such as the bearing.
Bearing designing method is explained below since friction wear properties and thrust friction wear
properties of the bearing slightly differs.
4.2.1
Bearing inner diameter (Bearing clearance)
Clearance (δ) in the journal bearing differs by its usage, but when used in common temperature area,
5/1000 to 8/1000 against shaft diameter is enough and will be
Shaft diameter
However, if rotational friction heat occurs between the bearing and the metal shaft, and bearing
temperature rises, or its environment become high-temperature, there is need to think about those condition
changes when deciding the clearance. Namely, clearance can be shown as
Here,
φ2: Linear expansion coefficient difference between the bearing and the shaft
Bearing dimension will increase.
φ2=(αP-αM)ΔT
αP, αM: Linear expansion coefficient of each resin and metal.
Material
Linear expansion coefficient (x 10-5cm/cm/℃)
Iupital
1.1
Steel
1.6
2.4
Brass
1.9
Aluminum
2.4
ΔT : Difference between common temperature and in use temperature
φ3 : Thermal contraction of bearing material
When the bearing exposed to high-temperature atmosphere, crystallization will be accelerated and its
dimension will decrease.
Contraction percentage will differ by the thickness of molded product and the molding condition
φ3=0.1∼0.5% would be enough.
φ4 : Dimension variability by molding
See φ4=
0.05% dimension variability against basic dimension.
φ5=Dimension change by the lubricant
By the type of the lubricant, it will expand or shrink, so consider
φ5=
0∼0.2% changes (see also 3.2 Chemical resistance)
The clearance decision under high-temperature environment will be affected a great deal by the linear
expansion difference between the bearing and the shaft (φ2), and thermal contraction of bearing stuff (φ3).
However, the effect of dimension change by the lubricant (φ5), and dimension variability by molding
relatively small.
Also, when press fitting Iupital bearing into the metal housing, make the bearing inner diameter big in
advance, thinking about the bearing inner diameter decrement.
In this situation,
φ6=
2k
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− ・1
k2(1-υ) +(1-υ)
k=
υ: Poisson ratio of Iupital (0.35)
I : Interference when press fitting
and shown as
δ3=(φ1-φ2+φ3
4.2.2
φ4
φ5+φ6)ds
Bearing outer diameter (bearing thickness)
The thickness of bearing is generally 1mm to 2.5mm, thinking about friction heating (limiting PV value),
molded product dimension accuracy, and strength.
i) Interference when press fitting bearing into the metal housing
Compression stress of the bearing by press fitting must be less than 1050kg/cm2 of Iupital maximum
permissible compression stress.
σ : Compression stress
2pk2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
σ=
p : Metal housing and contact surface stress of the bearing
k2-1
ii) Contact surface stress and interference
l
p
k2+1
−−−− ＝ −−−− [−−−−−−]
2r2
E
k2-1
2r2 : Metal housing inner diameter
E : Stiffness modulus of elasticity in operating temperature and
maximum operating time
-v
Interference set up here is the value in actual usage. Therefore, linear expansion amount and heat
contraction of the bearing must be considered about interference in common temperature.
4.2.3
Bearing length
The size of bearing diameter is recommended for the length of the bearing, thinking of friction heating and
wear by the eccentricity in each pieces.
Formula of equivalent compressive stress to the bearing (σc)is shown below.
σc=
W
−−−−−−−−
2r2・l
W : Vertical load to the bearing
2r2 : Bearing outer diameter
l : Bearing length
4.2.4
Bearing durability
Long-term durability of the bearing is regulated by the wear volume in under limiting PV value. Specific
wear volume of the bearing will change by the clearance of the bearing shaft too.
Figure 4.2.4-1, 4.2.4 -2, 4.2.4-3 indicate friction coefficient, limiting PV value, and specific wear volume,
when 10mmφ steel shaft was used.
Load
Load
Load
friction
coefficient
velocity
Figure 4.2.4-2
Load velocity effect on friction coefficient (against steel)
Limiting
PV value
velocity
Figure 4.2.4-2
Velocity effect on limiting PV value (against steel)
Specific
wear
volume
PV value
Figure 4.2.4-3
Specific wear volume in the bearing and PV value (against steel)