REDEVELOPMENT OF WILLIS ISLAND
METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE, CORAL SEA
Statement of Evidence and Supporting Drawings for Presentation
to the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Public Works
Bureau of MeteoroJogy
June 2005
r
Contents
Introduction
Background
Existing Buildings and Structures
Requirement Summary
3
3
5
Cost Implications
5
Objectives
Functions
Bureau Objectives
Date for Completion
Options
7
7
7
7
8
The Proposal
10
Design Considerations
11
Design
11
Building Works and Services
13
Structural Design
Engineering Facilities
13
13
Timetable
15
Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts
16
Longer Term Planning
17
Consultation
18
Appendices
33/10340/21692
3
A
Drawings
B
Media Release
Introduction
Background
1. Willis Island is located 240 nautical miles (approximately 450 kin) east of Cairns in the
Coral Sea. The Willis Island Meteorological Office provides observation data and early
warning monitoring of cyclones using radar and other observation technology. This
supports the Bureau’s national operations and severe weather warning services for the
north Queensland coast.
2. The island’s meteorological station commenced operation in 1921, with most of the
existing Willis Island building infrastructure constructed in either 1950 or 1968.
Refurbishment and maintenance has continued, but the 50-year-old facilities useful life, in
this harsh environment, is nearing its end.
Assessment of the scientific value of Willis Island is complex and revolves around its unique
maritime location, its long (80 years) climatological history and its front-line warning
capability for tropical cyclones approaching NE Queensland. It is highly valued for its
contribution to routine weather forecasting and tropical cyclone warning services.
3. From a climate perspective the importance of Willis Island is internationally
acknowledged. Willis Island plays an important role in the monitoring and detection of longterm climate change. The Secretary-General of WMO recently requested Willis Island be
designated as a member of the Global Upper Air Network. This would improve coverage in
the Western Pacific/Coral Sea area and assist in the understanding of global climate
change.
4. The Bureau initiated a temporary (18 month) de-staffing of Willis Island Observing
Office on 2 June 2004 to enable refurbishment of the aged infrastructure and facilities, and
replacement of key observing equipment, at an estimated equipment value of $1 .3M.
Ongoing synoptic observations from Willis Island are being provided by an Automatic
Weather Station (AWS) system to monitor basic parameters until the full operations are
restored.
5. Detailed design of the new facilities has been completed and construction is planned
to commence immediately with completion targeted before the commencement of the 200506 tropical cyclone season. Costing for the rebuilding/replacement works has been
completed and a final Quantity Survey (OS) cost estimate of $7 million has been
determined.
Existing Buildings and Structures
6. The existing facilities date from the late 1 940’s/ early 1950’s with substantial
refurbishment since that time. A recreation room facility has been added to the existing
living accommodation.
The small parcel of land (total island is 7.7 hectares) accommodates eight (8) buildings of
varying structure as follows:
3
a) The Main Building housing recreation, kitchen/dining, sleeping, office and equipment
room constructed in 1950;
b) The Main Store constructed in 1950;
c) The Laundry Building constructed in 1950;
d) The Bunker/Cyclone Shelter constructed in 1950;
e) The Generator Building constructed in 1968;
f) The Fire Pump Building constructed in 1968;
g) The Flammable Liquids Bunker constructed in 1968; and
h) The Balloon filling and Hydrogen Storage Building constructed 1950 (recently
condemned).
Personal living accommodation is provided in a barracks-like wing between the
meteorological office and the kitchen-living room area.
Construction is typically timber-framed on a coral shingle concrete slab. The existing
footings have 200 x 200 x 1800 mm deep reinforced concrete piers at nominally 2700 mm
centres around the perimeter. External cladding is painted weatherboard. The roof structure
is a low pitch truss with corrugated asbestos cement sheeting. A variety of outbuildings are
of similar construction.
Meteorological equipment includes a defined equipment enclosure and a 7.Om high radar
tower plus dome.
There are a variety of standing slabs and a partially buried rubble pile on the northeastern
side of the meteorological office.
Adequacy of Existing Buildings, Structures and Engineering facilities
7. A Report on Structural Adequacy of Islands Infrastructure Willis Island
—
Meteorological Office July 2001 whilst confirming the structural adequacy for some of the
Island facilities found others have experienced significant deterioration. The presence of
asbestos in the buildings present a potential health hazard.
—
The continuing performance of existing structures is based on a high level of ongoing
building fabric and systems maintenance, which will increase as buildings get older and
deteriorate further.
The existing Hydrogen Store, Drinking Water Storage and three smaller sheds on the north
east side of the station are not considered structurally adequate and would require
extensive remedial works to meet an acceptable standard. The water storage tanks (2 off
polypropylene tanks) footings/platforms were stabilised during the 2002 personnel change
over visit.
8. Engineering facilities are maintained to a good standard to meet operational
requirements in a remote location.
Several system elements are proposed for reuse on the island due to their age and
continuing maintenance, including:
4
•
Desalination plant
•
Fire and salt water pumps
•
Enviro-cycle sewage treatment plant
•
Fuel storage tanks and refilling pump
Reticulation systems have evolved with the various site upgrades and cyclic maintenance
and will not support redevelopment proposals. It is understood that redundant services
have been left in-ground and are unrecorded.
Requirement Summary
9. The meteorological observations on the island commenced in 1921, with most of the
existing Willis Island building infrastructure constructed in either 1950 or 1968.
Refurbishment and maintenance has continued, but the 50-year-old facilities useful life, in
this harsh environment, is nearing its end.
The Bureau has assessed the facilities located on Willis Island and has identified:
•
The existing infrastructure has substantial structural support damage and some areas
can no longer be made safe for operational use;
•
The presence of asbestos in the buildings, although contained, is a hazard to people
on the island and visitors, such as maintenance staff;
•
Services infrastructure is 45 years old, including electrical wiring and plumbing, and
represents a safety hazard for staff and visitors;
•
Staffing of the office is difficult and the current deteriorated state of the facility detracts
from the station’s desirability as a staff posting;
•
The infrastructure costs associated with maintaining the existing facility in this remote
and harsh environment is considerable, and are expected to increase in time.
10. As the facilities on Willis Island have exceeded their respective economic lives, the
Bureau has completed the redevelopment plans for the replacement of the facilities as part
of its ongoing asset replacement program.
Cost Implications
11. The proposed redevelopment of the facilities at Willis Island will involve the demolition
of existing facilities and the construction of new buildings, which will comprise an
operational field office, staff accommodation and messing facilities. The estimated 2004-05
out-turn cost for the construction is $7 Million with a further $1 .662 Million required for reequipment of the site.
5
12. The proposed works have been included as a specific measure of the 2005/06 Federal
budget and will be funded from Bureau budget appropriations. The current estimate of the
construction and re-equipment is approximately $8.62 million.
6
Objectives
Functions
13. The re-development of the Willis Island Meteorological Office and associated staff
accommodation facilities will provide for the recommencement of a full observations
program at the site. This will reinstate a full and enhanced service to the Australian
community by virtue of its front-line warning capability for tropical cyclones approaching NE
Queensland and its contribution to routine weather forecasting and tropical cyclone warning
services.
14. From a climate perspective the importance of Willis Island is internationally
acknowledged. Willis Island plays an important role in the monitoring and detection of longterm climate change. The Secretary-General of WMO recently requested that Willis Island
be designated for inclusion in the baseline Global Upper Air Network. This would improve
coverage in the Western Pacific/Coral Sea area and assist in the understanding of climate
change, both globally and in the environmentally sensitive Coral Sea Region.
Bureau Objectives
15. The re-establishment of a full observations program at Willis Island will contribute
directly to our agreement with government that “Australia benefits from meteorological and
related sciences and services” by the provision of enhanced forecasting and warning
services.
Date for Completion
16. Subject to parliamentary approval, it is planned that work will commence mid 2005 and
be completed by the end of 2005.
7
Options
17. There is a broad continuum of options for the observing program on Willis Island,
including:
a) Restoration of the year round fully staffed observations and monitoring program,
including surface and upper air programs and radar weather watch;
b) Restoration of a manual program, including surface and upper air programs, with or
without weather watch radar but only staffing it for the tropical wet season;
c) Termination of the manual program but retention of an automated surface observing
program.
18. The Bureau has considered each of these options (see table below) concluding that
full restoration of operations at Willis Island is the only acceptable option. Automation of
anything other than a basic surface observing program proved costly and extremely high
risk at critical times. Staffing the station only during the wet season did not reduce
significantly the cost of refurbishment, but exposed the facility to security risks during
unoccupied periods.
19. To this end, the Bureau, has undertaken a detailed design and costing for the project
to restore a year round fully staffed program at Willis Island. It has committed to proceeding
to tender, and to commence construction immediately with completion in late 2005.
8
Option
Description
Capital,
Rebuild
Cost
(2005
$s)
2
Capital
Reequip
Cost
Annual
Operating
Cost excl.
salaries &
allowances
(2005 $s)
Meeting
sciencebased
requirements
Feasibility
1Fully staffed
observations
program
supported with
a full facility
redevelopment.
$7030K
$1600K $906K
Meets all
requirements
Proven to be
feasible; and
responsive to all
Meteorological
requirements.
Two-person
staffed station,
upper air, radar
and AWS
$7000K
$1 600K
Provides
hourly surface
obs;
Technically
feasible; offers very
little saving;
Limited upper
air obs; and
Issues:
1) OH&S
Limited
climate data.
compliance;
2) Social aspects
$705K
(two staff)
3) Emergency
3
4
Remote radar
and AWS only
— would require
renewable
energy
generation
system
development
Remote AWS
only
$3300K
$1100K
$380K
$280K
Meets climate
and some
weather
requirements,
but not QId
RFC; No
upper air
data; high risk
inTC
situations
Meets basic
climate and
weather
requirements
only, but not
QId RFC;
higher
community
risk in cyclone
situations.
response.
AWS feasible;
Renewable energy
system for radar
untried — high risk
(re cost,
operational
reliability and
security).
Proven feasible;
increased cyclone
& climate record
risk;
High maintenance
costs and low data
reliability.
9
The Proposal
20. The redevelopment of the Bureau of Meteorology facilities at Willis Island, Coral Sea,
seeks to replace the existing operational meteorological observation monitoring facility, and
staff accommodation infrastructure in support of the Bureau’s mission. The proposed works
includes the demolition, removal and replacement of the existing facilities and replacement
with a new and more appropriate facility, which meets current and foreseeable future
operational, amenity and accommodation requirements.
21. The works will commence with the demolition and removal of the following facilities:
~
Meteorological office, accommodation, messing and recreational structures;
p
Power house and paint store;
p
Balloon filling and Hydrogen storage building; cyclone shelter and flammable storage
bunkers;
•
Fresh water storage tanks;
•
External paths and paving; and
•
Underground services.
22. The island infrastructure includes the meteorological observations office and field
support equipment, staff amenities and accommodation, station energy generation and
management, and life support facilities. The planned redevelopment in total supports a
four-person deployment with six monthly resupply and staff changeover. During staff
changeover an additional fifteen persons (i.e. the incoming crew, Bureau support personnel
and maintenance support contractors) are required to be accommodated on the Island for a
period of about three days.
23. Scope of the construction works include the following new facilities and services:
p
Meteorological office, messing area, accommodation, recreational area, powerhouse;
p
Hydrogen generator building and gas storage, including associated site works;
P
Relocate the fuel storage tanks to a new concrete bunded diesel fuel area;
•
New underground services (including: communications, power distribution, water,
sewage and fire hose reel services);
•
Relocate satellite dishes and radar tower; and
•
Refurbish the salt water pump building.
10
Design Considerations
Design
24. The proposed facility design provides a series of 5 functional wings linked by a central
north-south circulation corridor/covered way. The primary facilities are internally linked.
Working from the south, the following wings are provided (refer to drawings at Appendix A)
•
Meteorological Office (east of spine)
All working accommodation is provided in this wing with the observers’ work areas at the
eastern end providing maximum view towards the prevailing weather direction.
This wing is in close proximity to the equipment enclosure. The existing radar tower will
be relocated to adjacent the equipment room.
•
Living Accommodation (west of spine)
This wing provides all of the daily living facilities and is located adjacent the access track
from the sea to facilitate supply deliveries.
The recreation area has been marginally increased to accommodate existing functions.
A covered outdoor area is provided on the northern side of the wing and is sheltered
from the prevailing weather.
•
Personal Accommodation (east of spine)
This wing provides 4 individual bedrooms with adjoining bathrooms.
•
LaundryNisiting Personnel (west of spine)
This wing provides a laundry and a gymnasium area, which also serves as visiting
persons’ room accommodating up to 10 people. This wing is provided with 2 ensuite
bathrooms, one of which contains a bath for use by stationed personnel when visitors
are not present. A mattress store is provided for storage of mattresses when not in use.
•
Stores/Workshop (east of spine)
The meteorological store and adjacent containerised power plant is located at the
northern end of the spine.
Additional facilities include a maintenance workshop, with external work area, and
desalination plant room.
The containerised plant is screened from the living accommodation by the stores wing
enhancing acoustic separation of the facilities. Its location ensures exhaust fumes are
blown away from the living accommodation by prevailing winds.
25. The proposed building forms provide simple shallow curved roof forms. The central
spine roof is proposed to have a similarly curved roof reflecting the existing topographical
form of the island.
This combination of roofs minimises the amount of roof steps/ledges, which are attractive to
roosting birds.
26. Associated structures include support platforms for photovoltaic arrays, which are
arranged to optimise solar collection and follow the natural contours, and the fowl run and
vegetable garden, which have been relocated to the western side of the complex.
11
27. Buildings are orientated along an east-west axis to optimise passive solar control
features, passive cross ventilation from the prevailing weather direction and take advantage
of the available development site.
12
Building Works and Services
28. The construction system proposed optimises the balance between on-site and off-site
fabrication and the transport and access limitations presented by Willis Island’s isolation.
A fully timber-framed structure using heavily galvanised steel bolted and plated connections
is proposed. It is anticipated that frames and trusses will be pre-fabricated in manageable
sections and demounted prior to shipment.
29. The proposed building’s external cladding system is pre-finished profiled aluminium
panels at high level combined with naturally weathering timber at low level. The abrasive
action of wind blown coral grit has been considered with the selection of these materials.
Extensive use of a single cladding material (roofs and walls) may result in a relatively
industrial environment for what is substantially a residential/administrative facility.
The design team carried out a comprehensive assessment of cladding materials for
comparison purposes prior to the final selection of materials.
Structural Design
Sub-Structure
30. The use of hot dip galvanised, screw in pile foundations to support the floor chassis is
proposed. Screw in foundations are economical, can be installed by a powerful bobcat or
12 tonne excavator with the appropriate attachment and create very little spoil as there are
not excavations required.
The expected rate of corrosion to the piles will be determined and the wall thickness sized
to give the required life of 50 years.
Floor Framing
31. Seasoned Tallow wood framing is proposed for the floor framing. It is a durable,
relatively strong and readily available hardwood. All fixings will be heavy duty galvanised in
enclosed floor cavities.
cyclonic Perlormance
32. The building design for the Meteorological Office zone is engineered to ensure
personal safety of Bureau staff in the event of cyclonic conditions. This includes
incorporation of design elements such as increased bracing, cyclonic glazing and plywood
sheathing to walls and roof levels.
Engineering Facilities
33. Significant emphasis has been placed on the application of energy efficient,
environmentally responsible, low maintenance engineering services systems.
Systems proposed will not compromise the effective operation of the station.
13
Water
34. Potable water will be provided by utilising the existing packaged desalination plant
drawing seawater from the existing well.
Storage will be provided by new 30,000 litre non-corrosive polyethylene tanks.
Allowance has been included for new pumping equipment and reticulation.
Hot water generation will be by means of a heat exchange system.
Sewerage
35. Sewerage will be treated by the existing package treatment system (Envirocycle). It is
proposed treated effluent will be disposed of by land irrigation in accordance with current
practice.
Stormwater
36. It is proposed that rainwater be collected via a gutter and downpipe system and
discharged to ground. Rainwater harvesting has not been implemented due to the high
level of marine bird life and guano deposits.
Fire Protection
37. A fully reticulated fire hose reel system will be provided to provide coverage to all parts
of the facility.
The system will draw saltwater via the existing pump system.
The hose reel system will be supplemented by chemical fire extinguishersat key locations.
A hard-wired interconnected smoke detection system with audible and visual alarms will be
provided.
Power Generation
38. The proposal is to provide on-site power generation, in a manner that is not only
economical, but one that minimises the risk of pollution to the environment and also
minimises the production of Greenhouse Gas emissions.
Power generation for the proposed facility comprises a hybrid system of a diesel generator
combined with a wind generator and a photovoltaic array (solar power).
Due to the remoteness of the site a full level of redundancy is provided by an additional
larger diesel generator serving as a backup should the hybrid system fail.
The advantages of the hybrid system, incorporating renewable plus diesel fuel sources
include minimising risk of pollution through reduced transportation and use of fuel oil,
reduction of greenhouse gas emission, reduced maintenance of the diesel generator sets.
14
Timetable
39. Subject to parliamentary approval it is proposed to commence construction
immediately with the objective of completing an operational facility by December 2005. The
timing of the project is endeavouring to have the facility operational for the coming cyclone
season and to limit the risks of construction during this period.
15
Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts
40. Willis Island is controlled by the Commonwealth of Australia and occupied by the
Bureau of Meteorology for meteorological purposes under the authority of the Coral Sea
Act. As such development controls are vested in the Commonwealth.
All works are to comply with the requirements of the Building Code of Australia and its
referenced Codes and Standards.
41. The Bureau is planning to construct its new facilities within the confines of the existing
site. The Bureau will comply with the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity and
Conservation Act 1999, and other relevant codes to ensure that any impact on the
surrounding environs is minimal.
Extensive consultation with the Department of the Environment and Heritage regarding
environmental management has been undertaken. As a result of this consultation
protection of the resident green turtle population, island bird hatcheries and the surrounding
coral reefs are to be incorporated in the building contractor’s Environmental Management
Plan. This Environmental Management Plan will particularly cover site access and site
protection during the construction period. The use of a hybrid (renewable/non-renewable
(diesel)) energy system will have a positive environmental impact through reduced fossil
fuel use, while supporting sustained operation of the station in all weather conditions.
42. The operations associated with this proposal will not generate any revenue. The
redevelopment will result in lower maintenance costs and the use of alternative renewable
energy sources will achieve some minor savings. The construction activity will provide
opportunities for Australian businesses engaged in the redevelopment, which is expected,
to be completed within six months.
43. The isolation of the site means that the redevelopment will have minimal impact on the
local community. The provision of enhanced forecasting and warning services will provide
improved services to the communities along the NE QLD coastline.
16
Longer Term Planning
44. The redevelopment of the Willis Island facility is part of the Bureau’s Asset Replacement
Program, boosted through specific measure in the 2005/06 Federal Budget decision, that
endeavours to replace its Meteorological Field Offices on a thirty year cyclical program.
There are no further developments proposed for this site over the next ten year planning
horizon.
17
Consultation
45. Discussions have been held with the following organisations:
•
Environment Australia
•
Department of Territories and Regional Services.
A joint media release (see Appendix B) has been made by the Federal Member for Flinders
(Parliamentary Secretary with responsibility for the Bureau of Meteorology), the Federal
Member for Leichhardt and the Federal Member for Herbert.
18
Appendix A
Drawings
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Appendix B
Media Release
33/10340/21692
Joint Media Release
Greg Hunt MP
Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Environment and Heritage
Federal Member for Flinders
&
Warren Entsch MP
Federal Member for Leichhardt
&
Peter Lindsay
Federal Member for Herbert
11 May2005
GHO5/054
Federal budget delivers rebuild of weather
office at Willis Island
Mr Greg Hunt MP, Parliamentary Secretary With ministerial responsibility for the
Australian Bureau of Meteorology, joined Member for Leichhardt, Mr Warren Entsch,
and Member for Herbert, Mr Peter Lindsay, today to announce the rebuilding of Willis
Island’s meteorological office.
“Willis Island’s field office is one of 12 being rebuilt over the next six years thanks to the
Howard Government’s $19.8 million budget boost for the Bureau,” Mr Hunt said.
“This new funding in the 2005-06 Budget demonstrates the Australian Government’s
commitment to delivering quality meteorological services to communities across
Australia.
Mr Hunt congratulated Mr Entsch and Mr Lindsay for the work they have done to push
for better services at Willis Island. The funding will combine with $14.2 million of
existing Bureau funding to rebuild the 12 offices, which are part of an Australia-wide
network of 50 offices.
33/10340/21 692
“Willis Island is the veteran of the offices to be replaced, located in an especially severe
environment in the coral Sea. The office was built in 1950 and is a vital element in the
tropical cyclone warning system,” Mr Entsch said.
“Field offices are vital components of the Bureau’s surface and upper atmosphere
observations and service delivery networks,” Mr Lindsay said.
“They provide advice on local weather and feed data into the Global Observing System
for monitoring weather and climate worldwide. Most operate weather-watch radars and
also monitor the upper atmosphere with radar-tracked weather balloons.”
The average age ofthe offices to be replaced is 40 years and many offices are in harsh
climates and in exposed places.
“This latest investment by the Howard Government complements the current five-year
$62 million technological upgrade of the national weather service, which includes six
Doppler radars and 15 new weather watch radars,” Mr Entsch said.
Other offices to be rebuilt include Longreach and Charleville in Queensland; Sydney
Airport in New South Wales; ceduna in South Australia; and Albany, Carnarvon,
Geraldton, Broome, Halls Creek, Esperance and Port Hedland in Western Australia.
The Bureau’s total resourcing for 2005-06 is $237.1 million.
Media enquiries:
Fiona Murphy (Mr Hunt’s office) 0423 577 045
Greg Doolan (Mr Entsch’s office) 0418 213 243
John Macgowan (Mr Lindsay’s office) 0418 762 307
Further information:
Telephone:
33/10340/21692