TABLE OF CONTENTS
Author’s Preface ........................... ix
About Digital Zoology ........................... ix
What's new in Digital Zoology
Version 2.0 ............................................... ix
The CD-ROM and Online Components ...... x
The Student Workbook ................................ x
A Note to Students ................................ xi
A Note to Instructors ............................ xi
Purchasing Options ............................. xii
A Selected Bibliography ...................... xii
A Special Thank You ......................... xiii
A Guide to Using Digital
Zoology .........................................xv
Digital Zoology Components ............... xv
Taxon “Read Abouts” ................................ xv
Laboratory modules .................................. xvi
Interactive cladograms .............................. xvi
Image galleries ......................................... xvii
Self-evaluation ......................................... xvii
Navigation ......................................... xviii
Buttons ....................................................xviii
Menus ....................................................... xix
Program tools ............................................ xix
Discomitochondria) .................................. 4
Infrakingdom Atcinopoda ........................... 4
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Protozoans ............................................ 4
Granuloreticulosea, the foraminifera ........... 4
Rhizopoda, the amoebas .............................. 5
Actinopoda .................................................. 5
Ciliophora, the ciliates ................................. 6
Apicomplexa ................................................ 6
Euglenozoa .................................................. 7
Related protists ............................................ 7
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles ...................................... 7
Structures Checklist .............................. 8
Granuloreticulosa ........................................ 8
Rhizopoda - slides and/or wet mounts ......... 8
Actinopoda - slides and/or wet mounts ....... 8
Ciliates - slides and/or wet mounts .............. 8
Apicomplexa ................................................ 8
Euglenozoa - slides and/or wet mounts ....... 9
Related protists ............................................ 9
Crossword Puzzle – Protozoans .......... 10
Porifera.......................................... 13
Inside Digital Zoology .......................... 13
Defining Differences ............................ 13
Digital Zoology Version 2.0
Correlation Chart .......................xx
Cellular grade of organization ................... 13
Totipotent cells .......................................... 13
Choanocytes .............................................. 14
Aquiferous system ..................................... 14
Protozoans........................................1
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Porifera ............................................... 15
Inside Digital Zoology ............................ 1
Defining Differences .............................. 1
Unicellular “animals” .................................. 1
Specialized organelles ................................. 2
Undulipodia: Cilia, flagella, and
pseudopods ................................................ 3
Leucosolenia .............................................. 15
Grantia or Scypha ...................................... 15
Other sponges, spicules, and gemmules .... 16
Kingdom Protista .................................. 3
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 16
Structures Checklist ............................ 17
Infrakingdom Sarcomastigota ...................... 4
Infrakingdom Alveolata ............................... 4
Infrakingdom Euglenozoa (Infrakingdom
Discicristata or Phylum
Crossword Puzzle – Porifera .............. 18
Table of Contents
- iii -
Asconoid sponge: Leucosolenia ................ 17
Syconoid sponge: Grantia or Scypha ........ 17
Sponges, spicules, and gemmules ............. 17
Digital Zoology Workbook
Cnidaria .........................................21
Self-Test - Platyhelminthes ................. 43
Inside Digital Zoology .......................... 21
Defining Differences ............................ 21
Annelida......................................... 45
Radially symmetric .................................... 21
Diploblastic tissue grade organization ....... 22
Cnidocytes ................................................. 23
Incomplete gut ........................................... 23
Hydrostatic skeleton .................................. 23
Dimorphic life cycle .................................. 24
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Cnidaria ............................................. 24
Hydrozoa: Obelia and Hydra ..................... 24
Scyphozoa: The jellyfish Aurelia .............. 25
Anthozoa: The anemone Metridium .......... 26
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 27
Structures Checklist ............................ 27
Obelia ........................................................ 27
Hydra ......................................................... 27
Aurelia ....................................................... 28
Gonionemus ............................................... 28
Metridium .................................................. 28
Inside Digital Zoology .......................... 45
Defining Differences ............................ 45
Metamerisation .......................................... 45
Closed circulatory system .......................... 46
Burrowing - a new form of locomotion ..... 46
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology –
Annelids .............................................. 47
Polychaeta: Nereid worm .......................... 47
Clitellata: The earthworm .......................... 47
Clitellata: The leech ................................... 48
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 48
Structures Checklist ............................ 49
Earthworm ................................................. 49
Nereid worm .............................................. 49
Leech ......................................................... 50
Crossword puzzle – Annelida ............. 51
Self-Test - Annelida ............................. 53
Crossword Puzzle - Cnidaria .............. 29
Self-Test - Cnidaria ............................. 31
Mollusca......................................... 55
Platyhelminthes ............................33
Inside Digital Zoology .......................... 55
Defining Differences ............................ 55
Inside Digital Zoology .......................... 33
Defining Differences ............................ 33
Bilateral symmetry ..................................... 33
Triploblast acoelomates ............................. 34
Organ-grade organization .......................... 34
Free-living or parasitic lifestyles ............... 35
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Platyhelminthes ................................. 36
Turbellaria: Free-living flatworms Dugesia
and Bdelloura .......................................... 36
Trematoda: Trematode flukes .................... 37
Cestoda: Tapeworms ................................. 37
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 38
Structures Checklist ............................ 39
Dugesia ...................................................... 39
Bdelloura ................................................... 39
Opisthorchis (Chlonorchis) ....................... 39
Fasciola ..................................................... 40
Paragonimus .............................................. 40
Dipylidium or Taenia ................................. 40
Radula ........................................................ 55
Shell and mantle ........................................ 56
Ctenidia ...................................................... 57
Ciliated visceral mass ................................ 57
Muscular foot ............................................. 57
Open circulatory system ............................ 58
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Molluscs .............................................. 58
Bivalvia: Freshwater clam ......................... 58
Gastropoda: The snail ................................ 59
Cephalopoda: The squid ............................ 60
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 62
Structures Checklist ............................ 63
Clam .......................................................... 63
Snail ........................................................... 63
Squid .......................................................... 64
Crossword Puzzle – Mollusca ............. 65
Self-Test - Mollusca ............................. 67
Crossword Puzzle – Platyhelminthes . 41
Table of Contents
- iv -
Digital Zoology Workbook
Nematoda; Gastrotricha;
Rotifera, including
Acanthocephala ...........................69
Molting ...................................................... 83
Muscle arranged in bands .......................... 83
Jointed appendages .................................... 84
Compound eyes ......................................... 84
Inside Digital Zoology .......................... 69
Defining Differences ............................ 69
Nematoda ............................................. 70
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Arthropoda ........................................ 85
Pseudocoel ................................................. 70
Longitudinal muscles ................................. 70
Collagenous cuticle .................................... 71
Sensory amphids ........................................ 71
Complete gut .............................................. 71
Gastrotricha ......................................... 72
Cuticle and cilia ......................................... 72
Eutely ......................................................... 72
Adhesive tubes ........................................... 72
Rotifera ................................................. 72
Mastax and ciliated corona ........................ 72
Parthenogenesis ......................................... 73
Cryptobiosis ............................................... 73
Ligaments, ligament sacs, and a uterine bell
(Acanthocephala) .................................... 73
Spiny proboscis (Acanthocephala) ............ 74
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Nematoda; Gastrotricha; Rotifera,
including Acanthocephala ................ 74
Nematoda -- Ascaris: Pig roundworm ....... 74
Nematoda -- Turbatrix: Vinegar eel .......... 75
Gastrotricha ................................................ 75
Rotifera -Asplanchna and Philodina ......... 75
Rotifera - Acanthocephala ......................... 76
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 76
Structures Checklist ............................ 77
Ascaris ....................................................... 77
Gastrotricha ................................................ 77
Rotifera, including acanthocephala ........... 77
Crustacea: Crayfish and crab ..................... 85
Uniramia: Cockroach and grasshopper ..... 86
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 87
Structures Checklist ............................ 88
Crayfish ..................................................... 88
Crab ........................................................... 88
Grasshopper and Cockroach ...................... 89
Crossword Puzzle – Arthropoda ........ 90
Self-Test - Arthropoda ......................... 92
Bryozoa and Brachiopoda ........... 93
Inside Digital Zoology .......................... 93
Defining Differences ............................ 93
Tripartite coelom ....................................... 93
Lophophore ................................................ 93
U-shaped gut .............................................. 94
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Bryozoa and Brachiopoda ................ 94
Marine bryozoan: Bugula .......................... 94
Freshwater bryozoans: Pectinatella and
Plumatella ............................................... 95
Brachiopoda: Lingula ................................ 95
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................... 96
Structures Checklist ............................ 96
Brachiopoda - Lingula ............................... 96
Freshwater Bryozoans - Plumatella .......... 96
Freshwater Bryozoans - Pectinatella ......... 97
Marine Bryozoans - Bugula ....................... 97
Crossword Puzzle–Bryozoa and
Brachiopoda ....................................... 98
Self-Test - Bryozoa and
Brachipoda ....................................... 100
Crossword Puzzle – Nematoda;
Gastrotricha; Rotifera, including
Ancanthocephala ............................... 78
Self-Test – Nematoda; Gastrotricha;
Rotifera, including
Acanthocephala ................................. 80
Echinodermata............................ 101
Arthropoda ....................................81
Inside Digital Zoology ........................ 101
Defining Differences .......................... 101
Inside Digital Zoology ......................... 81
Defining Differences ............................ 81
Tagmatization ............................................ 81
Chitinous exoskeleton ................................ 82
Table of Contents
-v-
Pentaradiate symmetry ............................ 101
Tube feet and the water vascular system . 102
Endoskeleton ........................................... 102
Pedicellaria .............................................. 102
Digital Zoology Workbook
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Echinodermata ................................ 103
Sea star ..................................................... 103
Sea urchin and sand dollar ....................... 104
Brittle stars and basket stars .................... 104
Holothuroidea: the sea cucumber ............ 105
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................. 105
Structures Checklist .......................... 106
Sea star ..................................................... 106
Sea urchin ................................................ 106
Sand dollar ............................................... 106
Brittle star ................................................ 107
Sea cucumber ........................................... 107
Crossword Puzzle–Echinodermata .. 108
Self-Test - Echinodermata ................ 110
Hemichordata ..............................111
Inside Digital Zoology ........................ 111
Defining Differences .......................... 111
Proboscis, collar, and trunk ..................... 111
Stomochord .............................................. 112
Glomerulus .............................................. 112
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Hemichordata .................................. 112
Balanoglossus: The acorn worm ............. 112
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................. 113
Structures Checklist .......................... 113
The acorn worm ....................................... 113
Crossword Puzzle – Hemichordata .. 114
Self-Test – Hemichordata ................. 116
Urochordata and
Cephalochordata .......................117
Inside Digital Zoology ........................ 117
Defining Differences .......................... 117
Notochord ................................................ 117
Postanal segmentation ............................ 118
Dorsal hollow nerve cord ......................... 118
Pharyngeal gill slits .................................. 118
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Urochoradata and
Cephalochordata ............................. 118
Urochordata: The tunicates ...................... 118
Cephalochordata - Branchiostoma: The
lancelet or amphioxus ........................... 119
Table of Contents
- vi -
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................. 120
Structures Checklist .......................... 120
Tunicates .................................................. 120
Amphioxis ............................................... 121
Crossword Puzzle – Urochordata
and Cephalochordata ...................... 122
Self-Test – Urochordata and
Cephalochordata ............................. 124
Agnatha ....................................... 125
Inside Digital Zoology ........................ 125
Defining Differences .......................... 125
Cyclostome .............................................. 125
Cartilaginous skeleton and persistent
notochord .............................................. 125
Cranium ................................................... 126
Pineal eye ................................................. 126
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Agnatha ............................................ 126
Ammocoete larva ..................................... 126
Petromyzon: The lamprey ........................ 127
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................. 128
Structures Checklist .......................... 128
Larval lamprey - Ammocoete larva ......... 128
Adult lamprey .......................................... 129
Crossword Puzzle – Agnatha ............ 130
Self-Test – Agnatha ............................ 132
Jawed fishes................................. 133
Inside Digital Zoology ........................ 133
Defining Differences .......................... 133
Jaws ......................................................... 133
Gills ......................................................... 134
Paired and unpaired fins with a fusiform
body ...................................................... 135
Scales ....................................................... 135
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Jawed Fishes .................................... 135
Chondrichthyes: Dogfish shark ............... 135
Osteichthyes: Perch ................................. 136
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................. 137
Structures Checklist .......................... 138
Dogfish shark - External anatomy and
skeletomuscular systems ....................... 138
Dogfish shark - Internal anatomy ............ 139
Digital Zoology Workbook
Perch - External and internal anatomy ..... 140
Crossword Puzzle - Jawed Fishes .... 141
Self-Test - Jawed Fishes .................... 143
Amphibia......................................145
Inside Digital Zoology ....................... 145
Defining Differences .......................... 145
Crossword Puzzle - Amphibia .......... 154
Self-Test - Amphibia .......................... 156
Mammalia ................................... 159
Inside Digital Zoology ........................ 159
Defining Differences .......................... 159
Transition to land ..................................... 145
Tetrapod stance ........................................ 146
Strong, bony skeleton .............................. 147
Double circuit circulatory system ............ 147
Moist, glandular skin ............................... 147
Homeothermic endotherms ..................... 159
Hair .......................................................... 160
Glandular skin ......................................... 160
Heterodent diphyodont dentition ............. 161
Muscular diaphragm ................................ 161
Extended care of young ........................... 161
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Amphibia ......................................... 148
A Closer Look Inside Digital Zoology Mammalia ........................................ 162
Necturus: The mudpuppy ........................ 148
Rana: The grass frog ................................ 148
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................. 149
Structures Checklist .......................... 150
Mudpuppy - External anatomy and
skeletomuscular systems ....................... 150
Mudpuppy - Skeletal (cont.), and internal
systems .................................................. 151
Frog - Extrenal anatomy and skeletomuscular
systems .................................................. 152
Table of Contents
- vii -
The fetal pig ............................................. 162
Cross-References to Other McGraw-Hill
Zoology Titles .................................. 163
Structures Checklist .......................... 164
Fetal pig - External anatomy and muscular
systems .................................................. 164
Fetal Pig - Internal anatomy .................... 165
Crossword Puzzle - Mammalia ......... 166
Self-Test - Mammalia ........................ 168
Glossary ....................................... 171
Digital Zoology Workbook