Name _____________________________________
Date_____________________
Per.______
HOW DO YOU MEASURE UP?
The human skeletal system includes the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Bone is a hard,
living tissue that supports the body and helps protect its internal organs. The adult human skeleton has 206
bones. In addition to muscle, bones are used to move parts of your body. The bones of the skeleton act as a
frame to which your muscles are attached
The area where 2 or more bones meet in the body is called a joint. In addition to bones, there are 3
other things that make up the human skeleton: cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Cartilage is a tough,
flexible tissue, which cushions the ends of the bones, where they meet. Cartilage is also found in your ear
lobes, in the lower part of your nose, and in the walls of the voice box and trachea. Ligaments are tough
tissues which hold bones together where they meet. Tendons are tissues that connect muscle to bone.
A.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE SKELETONS
(a) Pelvis
Width
MALE
PELVIS
(b) Pelvis
Opening
Femurs
(d)
(e)
(c)
(a) Pelvis
Width
(b) Pelvis
Opening
FEMALE
PELVIS
(c)
(d)
(e)
A.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE SKELETONS, CONT’D
Measure each of the areas from the pictures of the male pelvis and the female
pelvis from the previous page. Record your information in the data table below. Do
measurements for lines a, b, d, and e in mm. You do not need to measure area c or the
femurs.
Position of
Bottom Shape
Pelvis
Pelvis
Femurs
area (c)
Sex of the
Width
Opening
Line
(d)
Line
(e)
(straight or
Skeleton
(pointed or
line (a)
line (b)
slanted?)
round?)
Male
Female
B.
MEASURING YOUR BONES
Using a metric ruler and string, measure your bones in millimeters, then, convert
this measurement to centimeters.
1)
How long is your tibia? ____________mm = ___________cm
2)
How long is your humerus? ____________mm = ___________cm
3)
How long is your sternum? ____________mm = ___________cm
4)
How wide is the widest part of your mandible? _________mm = _________cm
5)
How long is 1 of your clavicles? ____________mm = ___________cm
6)
How long is your vertebral column? ____________mm = ___________cm
7)
How long is your ulna? ____________mm = ___________cm
8)
How long is your femur? ____________mm = ___________cm
9)
What is the circumference of your cranium? (How big around is it? Wrap a
string around your head, and then measure this length of string.)
____________mm = ___________cm
10)
How wide is each of your patellas?
a)
Left patella? ____________mm = ___________cm
b)
Right patella? ____________mm = ___________cm
11)
How wide is your pelvis? ____________mm = ___________cm
12)
In what item of clothing would you look for your metatarsal bones? __________
C.
INJURIES TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
1)
FRACTURES:
SIMPLE FRACTURE
1)
2)
Describe what is wrong when
a person has a simple fracture:
___________________________
COMPOUND FRACTURE
2)
Describe what is wrong when
a person has a compound fracture:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
SPRAIN:
Shown in the picture below are the ligaments holding the bones of the ankle together.
HEALTHY ANKLE
ANKLE WITH SPRAIN
LIGAMENTS
HOLDING
ANKLE
BONES
TOGETHER
a)
Look at the 2 pictures above. What is a sprain? Describe what is wrong with the human
skeletal system? _____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
C.
INJURIES TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM, cont’d
3)
DISLOCATION: an injury at a joint and the ligaments and tendons
surrounding it so that the ends of the bone move out of place.
a) In the rectangle (below, on the right), draw a shoulder joint showing a
dislocation.
HEALTHY SHOULDER JOINT
4)
SHOULDER JOINT WITH A
DISLOCATION
TENDONITIS:
Healthy Tendon
a) Look at the 2
pictures on the
right. Describe
what is wrong
in the calf
with tendonitis.
Calf muscle
____________________
____________________
Tendon
holding calf
____________________ muscle onto the
calf bone
____________________
____________________
Calf with Tendonitis
QUESTIONS:
1)
List 3 locations of cartilage on your body.
a) ______________________
2)
b) _______________________
c) ______________________
What is cartilage? __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3)
What is a joint in the skeleton? _______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4)
What is a ligament? ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
5)
What is a tendon? __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
6)
Which skeletal system injury involves a tearing or overstretching of a tendon? __________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
7)
Which skeletal system injury involves an overstretching or tearing of the ligaments (tendons or blood
vessels) around a joint? _____________________________________________________________
8)
Describe how the following differs between male and female skeletons.
a)
pelvis width: ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b)
pelvis opening: ______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c)
bottom shape of the pelvis (area c in the pictures): ___________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
d)
position of femur bones: ______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9)
Why do you think there is a difference in the pelvis openings between the male and female skeletons?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________