Progressives
In the Factory (Excerpt)
Dos oreme gezind (The Beggar Family) (Excerpt)
Oh, here in the shop the machines roar so wildly,
That oft, unaware that I am, or have been,
I sink and am lost in the terrible tumult;
And void is my soul... I am but a machine.
I work and I work and I work, never ceasing;
Create and create things from morning till e'en;
For what?--and for whom--Oh, I know not! Oh, ask not!
Who ever has heard of a conscious machine?
Within the court, before the judge,
There stand six wretched creatures,
They're lame and weary, one and all,
With pinched and pallid features.
The father is a broken man,
The mother weak and ailing,
The little children, skin and bone,
With fear and hunger wailing.
The clock in the workshop,--it rests not a moment;
It points on, and ticks on: Eternity--Time;
And once someone told me the clock had a meaning,-Its pointing and ticking had reason and rhyme.
And this too he told me,--or had I been dreaming,-The clock wakened life in one, forces unseen,
And something besides;... I forget what; Oh, ask not!
I know not, I know not, I am a machine.
Their sins are very great, and call
Aloud for retribution,
For their's (maybe you guess!) the crime
Of hopeless destitution.
They look upon the judge's face,
They know what judges ponder,
They know the punishment that waits
On those that beg and wander.
At times, when I listen, I hear the clock plainly;-The reason of old--the old meaning--is gone!
The maddening pendulum urges me forward
To labor and labor and still labor on.
The tick of the clock is the Boss in his anger!
The face of the clock has the eyes of a foe;
The clock--Oh, I shudder--dost hear how it drives me?
It calls me 'Machine!' and it cries to me 'Sew!'
And now the sick man quails before
The judge's piercing glances:
'No, only two of you shall go
This time and take your chances.
Your wife and you! The children four
You'll leave, my man, behind you,
For them, within the Orphan's Home,
Free places I will find you.’
At noon, when about me the wild tumult ceases,
And gone is the master, and I sit apart,
And dawn in my brain is beginning to glimmer,
The wound comes agape at the core of my heart;
And tears, bitter tears flow; ay, tears that are scalding;
They moisten my dinner--my dry crust of bread;
They choke me,--I cannot eat;--no, no, I cannot!
Oh, horrible toil I born of Need and of Dread.
The father's dumb--the mother shrieks:
'My babes and me you'd sever?
If God there be, such cruel act
Shall find forgiveness never!
But first, oh judge, must you condemn
To death their wretched mother-I cannot leave my children dear
With you or any other!
I gaze on the battle in bitterest anger,
And pain, hellish pain wakes the rebel in me!
The clock--now I hear it aright!--It is crying:
'An end to this bondage! An end there must be!'
It quickens my reason, each feeling within me;
It shows me how precious the moments that fly.
Oh, worthless my life if I longer am silent,
And lost to the world if in silence I die.
'I bore and nursed them, struggling still
To shelter and to shield them,
Oh judge, I'll beg from door to door,
My very life-blood yield them!
I know you do not mean it, judge,
With us poor folk you're jesting.
Give back my babes, and further yet
We'll wander unprotesting.’
The man in me sleeping begins to awaken;
The thing that was slave into slumber has passed:
Now; up with the man in me! Up and be doing!
No misery more! Here is freedom at last!
When sudden: a whistle!--the Boss--an alarum!-I sink in the slime of the stagnant routine;-There's tumult, they struggle, oh, lost is my ego;-I know not, I care not, I am a machine!...
The judge, alas! has turned away,
The paper dread unrolled,
And useless all the mother's grief,
The wild and uncontrolled.
More cruel can a sentence be
Than that which now is given?
Oh cursed the system 'neath whose sway
The human heart is riven!
-Morris Rosenfeld
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Information retrieved and adapted from: http://www.poemhunter.com/
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-Morris Rosenfeld
Page 1
Progressives
Madmen or Fools (Air: Auld Lang Syne)
Some things that wear the shapes of men
Have never known their place;
They think that God has given them
All wisdom, power, and grace.
Chorus:
THE "ANTI" AND THE FLY
The fly upon the Cartwheel
Thought she made all the Sound;
He thought he made the Cart go on
And made the wheels go round.
The Fly upon the Cartwheel
Has won undying fame
For Conceit that was colossal.
And Ignorance the same.
All wisdom, power and grade alone,
All wisdom, power and grace;
They think that God has given them
All wisdom, power, and grace.
They boast the right to rule the world,
And claim the crown and throne,
And hold that justice is a myth
And righteousness unknown;
But today he has a Rival
As we roll down History's Track
For the "Anti" on the Cartwheel
Thinks she makes the Wheels go back!
Chorus:
-Charlotte Perkins Gilman
And righteousness unknown, alas!
And righteousness unknown
They claim that justice is a myth,
And righteousness unknown.
The rank concept these wise one show,
Concerning who should rule,
Makes each and every one of them
A madman or a fool.
Chorus:
A madman or a fool, or both;
A madman or a fool;
Makes each and every one of them
A madman or a fool.
-Harry W. Roby
The Suffrage Song Book: Original Songs, Parodies and
Paraphrases, adapted to Popular Melodies
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Information retrieved and adapted from: www.kansasmemory.org/item/204064 ~ Page 11/32 / National Archives
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Progressives - Social Gospel Movement
The Social Gospel movement is a Protestant Christian intellectual
movement that was most prominent in the early 20th century United
States and Canada. The movement applied Christian ethics to social
problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic
inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, bad
hygiene, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the
danger of war.
Many reformers inspired by the movement opened settlement
houses, most notably Hull House in Chicago operated by Jane Addams.
They helped the poor and immigrants improve their lives. Settlement
houses offered services such as daycare, education, and health care to
needy people in slum neighborhoods. The YMCA was created originally
to help rural youth adjust to the city without losing their religion, but
by the 1890s became a powerful instrument of the Social Gospel.
Nearly all the denominations engaged in foreign missions, which often
had a social gospel component in terms especially of medical uplift.
In the United States prior to World War I, the Social Gospel was
the religious wing of the progressive movement which had the aim of
combating injustice, suffering and poverty in society. Since the Social
Gospel was primarily concerned with the day-to-day life of laypeople,
one of ways in which it made its message heard was through labor
movements. Particularly, the Social Gospel had a profound effect upon
the American Federation of Labor (AFL). While the Social Gospel was
short-lived historically, it had a lasting impact on the policies of most
of the mainline denominations in the United States. Most began
programs for social reform, which led to ecumenical cooperation and,
in 1910, in the formation of the Federal Council of Churches, although
this cooperation about social issues often led to charges of socialism.
It is likely that the Social Gospel's strong sense of leadership by the
people led to women's suffrage, and that the emphasis it placed on
morality led to prohibition.
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Progressives - Social Gospel Movement
The Social Gospel Movement in the United States
The Social Gospel Movement
was...
The people in the movement
wanted...
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The effects of the movement
were...
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Progressives
Ida Bell Wells-Barnett (July 16, 1862 – March 25, 1931) was an
African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist,
sociologist and, with her husband, newspaper owner Ferdinand
L. Barnett, an early leader in the civil rights movement. She
documented lynching in the United States, showing how it was
often a way to control or punish blacks who competed with
whites. She was active in the women's rights and the women's
suffrage movement, establishing several notable women's
organizations. Wells was a skilled and persuasive rhetorician,
and traveled internationally on lecture tours.
Jacob August Riis (May 3, 1849 – May 26, 1914) He is known
for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the
impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New
Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and
photography. He endorsed the implementation of "model
tenements" in New York with the help of humanitarian
Lawrence Veiller. While living in New York, Riis experienced
poverty and became a police reporter writing about the quality
of life in the slums. He attempted to alleviate the bad living
conditions of poor people by exposing their living conditions to
the middle and upper classes.
Upton Beall Sinclair, Jr. (September 20, 1878 – November 25,
1968), was an American author who wrote close to one hundred
books in many genres. He achieved popularity in the first half of
the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic
muckraking novel, The Jungle (1906). It exposed conditions in
the U.S. meat packing industry, causing a public uproar that
contributed in part to the passage a few months later of the 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. Time
magazine called him "a man with every gift except humor and
silence." In 1943, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
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Progressives
Nellie Bly (May 5, 1864[1] – January 27, 1922) was the pen name
of American journalist Elizabeth Jane Cochrane. As a writer, Bly
focused her early work for the Dispatch on the plight of working
women, writing a series of investigative articles on female factory
workers. In 1887, she took an undercover assignment for which
she agreed to feign insanity to investigate reports of brutality and
neglect at the Women's Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell's Island.
Based on her 10 day experience inside of the asylum, her book
Ten Days in a Mad-House, caused a national sensation as well as
changes in funding and law.
Helen Maria Hunt Jackson (October 15, 1830 – August 12,
1885), was a United States poet and writer who became an
activist on behalf of improved treatment of Native Americans by
the U.S. government. She detailed the adverse effects of
government actions in her history A Century of Dishonor
(1881). Her novel Ramona dramatized the federal
government's mistreatment of Native Americans in Southern
California and attracted considerable attention to her cause,
although its popularity was based on its romantic and
picturesque qualities rather than its political content.
Julius Chambers, (November 21, 1850 - February 12, 1920) was
an American author, editor, journalist, travel writer, and activist
against psychiatric abuse. In 1872, he undertook a journalistic
investigation of Bloomingdale Asylum. His intent was to obtain
information about alleged abuse of inmates. After ten days, his
collaborators on the project had him released. When articles and
accounts of the experience were published in the Tribune, it led to
the release of twelve patients who were not mentally ill, a
reorganization of the staff and administration of the institution and,
eventually, to a change in the lunacy laws.
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Progressives
Susan Brownell Anthony (February 15, 1820 – March 13,
1906) was an American social reformer who played a pivotal
role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker
family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery
petitions at the age of 17. In 1856 she became the New York
state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.
In 1851 she met Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who became her
lifelong co-worker in social reform activities, primarily in the
field of women's rights.
William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois (February 23,
1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, historian,
civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. Born in
Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively
tolerant and integrated community. After graduating from
Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a
doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and
economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the cofounders of the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
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Progressives - Muckrakers
Muckrakers of America
Who?
Did What?
Jacob Riis
Upton
Sinclair
Julius
Chambers
Ida B.
Wells
Nellie Bly
Helen Hunt
Jackson
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Behind the Person
Effects of the Person
Progressives - Muckrakers
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!
!
Progressives - Presidents
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Progressives - Programs
What?
B/A
Did What?
Before
Political party leaders would choose who they wanted to run for
political offices. The public would only have the choice of voting
for the chosen candidate.
After
Voters were allowed to vote for who they wanted to run for
political offices before the election, allowing voters to have more
control over who would be the candidate.
Direct Primary
Only legislators had to power to pass state legislation.
Before
Initiative
After
Before
Recall
After
Voters have the power to pass state legislation if a petition with
enough signatures is presented on a ballot. The voters then vote
on the proposed legislation in a special or regular election.
Elected officials could only be removed from impeachment
proceedings or losing an election.
If enough voters sign a petition, a special election can be held to
possibly remove an elected official before his/her term expires.
Once a state legislation has passed a law, it becomes law.
Before
Referendum
After
Before
Secret Ballot
After
Once a state legislation has passed a law, it can go on a ballot for
the approval of voters.
Political parties would often use different tactics to make sure they
knew how each voter would vote. (Different colored ballots and
pencils on strings that forced voters to either go to the left or the
right of a booth to vote are examples)
Voters were given an official ballot and a covered booth to vote
in to protect the secrecy of their vote.
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