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Fact and Opinion
• Statements of fact can be proved true or false. Facts can be proved by a reliable reference
source, by observation, or by asking an expert.
• Statements of opinion are judgments or beliefs. They cannot be proved true or false, but they
can be supported by facts and logic.
Directions Read the following passage. Then complete the diagram by identifying statements of
fact and statements of opinion.
G
olden retrievers, the best choice of
pet, are less popular than Labrador
retrievers. People love goldens because
with proper training they are patient and
gentle with children. Golden retrievers
seem to want to do nothing but please
their owners. They also make good
watchdogs because they bark when a
stranger approaches. Golden retrievers
make excellent pets when they are well
cared for. Daily exercise and proper
training help the dog manage its behavior.
Occasional grooming keeps the dog’s coat
free of tangles and looking great.
1. Which part of the statement is
opinion?
2. Which part of the statement is
fact?
3. How to support?
4. How to prove?
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
Statement: Golden retrievers, the best choice of pet, are less
popular than Labrador retrievers.
Home Activity Your child read a short article and identified statements of fact and statements of
opinion. One way to check facts is to look on Web sites. Talk with your child about how to tell whether the
information on a Web site can be trusted.
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Writing for Tests
Prompt: Write a journal entry about a time when things did not turn out as you had hoped or planned.
March 19, 20__
This morning as I read the local paper, a story on the front page caught my attention.
The headline read, “Local Farm Appeals for Help.” Since I love animals of all kinds, I was
immediately drawn to the story.
It seems that this week’s heavy rains flooded a nearby farm. The family that owns the farm
was reaching out to find temporary homes for some of its animals. We already have two dogs,
three cats, a parakeet, and a guinea pig, so I wasn’t sure that Mom and Dad would be willing to
take in a short-term farm animal. But, we do have a big yard. We could easily keep a horse out
back, and maybe even a chicken or two.
After breakfast, I asked Mom whether she had read the article. She hadn’t read the paper, yet,
but she promised she would get to it later. I asked her, polite as can be, to please read the article
now because it was very important to me. Mom knows how much I adore animals, so she read
the article right then and there. When she finished, she looked up at me, and I gave her my sad
puppy-dog eyes, hoping she would know exactly what I was thinking. “Well” she said. “We
don’t have room for another animal. If you want to help, you could always volunteer at the farm.
It says in the paper that they need people to help clean up damage caused by the flood.”
I definitely would have preferred a horse, but I suppose it’s good to help in any way I can.
And who knows? Maybe when the farm is up and running again, I will be able to visit the
animals I helped!
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
1. What experience does the writer describe in this journal entry?
2. Underline the sentence that tells you how the writer feels about animals.
3. Circle three different pronouns that show that the entry is written in the first person.
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Vocabulary
Directions Choose the word from the box that best matches each definition. Write the word on
the line.
1. in a quiet way
2. push gently
3. a small bit of food
4. held steady
5. a time of watching
Check the Words
You Know
Directions Choose the word from the box that best matches each clue.
Write the letters of each word on the line. Take the circled letters to
make a word below.
fixed
furious
morsel
nudge
quietly
ruff
stooped
vigil
6. marked by excitement and activity
7. hunched over
8. without noise
9. a fringe of fur growing around the neck
10. held steady
Write a Description
Using a separate sheet of paper, describe what a hungry dog might do or look like. Use as many
vocabulary words as you can.
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
a
Home Activity Your child identified and used vocabulary words from Hachiko: The True Story of a Loyal
Dog. Read an article about dogs with your child. Have him or her point out unfamiliar words. Try to figure out
the meaning of each word by using words that appear near it.
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Common and Proper Nouns
A common noun names any person, place, or thing.
The shiny coins jingled in his pocket.
A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing. When a proper noun is more than
one word, capitalize only the important word or words.
Her cousin lives in South America. Aunt Jean visited the Statue of Liberty.
Some proper nouns, including titles for people, have short forms called abbreviations that begin
with capital letters and end with periods.
Gen. Jones visited the middle school. I met Edward Wu, Jr.
Directions Underline the proper nouns and circle the common nouns.
1. Dr. Tee Van chuckled at the bird.
2. My uncle put his money in the National State Bank.
3. Aunt Louise worked in her garden.
4. Mrs. George just became an aunt.
5. Our neighbors moved from Maine to Oregon.
6. Dad and Rev. Johnson had lunch on Saturday.
7. She bought presents for Aunt Sue.
8. May I have more broccoli, Mom?
Directions Rewrite the proper nouns, using correct capitalization, punctuation, and abbreviations
where possible.
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
9. doctor martin luther king, junior
10. general forrester
11. doctor bart
12. reverend smith
Home Activity Your child learned about common nouns and proper nouns. Have your child tell you the
difference between common nouns and proper nouns and find examples of each in a magazine.
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Plural or Possessive
Spelling Words
country’s
theirs
niece’s
witness’s
countries’
hers
nieces’
witnesses’
countries
library’s
nieces
witnesses
its
libraries’
crow’s
secretary’s
ours
libraries
crows
secretaries’
1. All the ___ desks are covered with file folders.
1. _______________
2. My young ___ birthday is next month.
2. _______________
3. All the ___ to the crime agreed on what they’d seen.
3. _______________
4. My two ___ bedroom has a window overlooking the park.
4. _______________
5. There were ___ in the trees outside my window.
5. _______________
6. I found a black ___ feather in the woods.
6. _______________
7. It is a ___ duty to tell the truth.
7. _______________
8. I have three nephews and two ___.
8. _______________
9. The ___ job is to help the president with her appointments.
9. _______________
10. All of the ___ accounts of the crime were the same.
10. _______________
11. There are two ___ in my town.
11. _______________
12. Many ___ sign treaties with one another.
12. _______________
13. My local ___ book sale was full of bargains.
13. _______________
14. A ___ prosperity depends on its economic strength.
14. _______________
15. Our state ___ computer systems are all linked together.
15. _______________
16. Many ___ flags have stripes.
16. _______________
17. My sister has a doll that is ___.
17. _______________
18. My dog has a ball that is ___.
18. _______________
19. My neighbors have a house that is ___.
19. _______________
20. My family has a house that is ___.
20. _______________
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
Complete the Sentences Write the list word that completes each sentence.
Home Activity Your child wrote plural and possessive words. Ask your child how to form a possessive
pronoun. (Add an s; do not add an apostrophe.)
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Scoring Rubric: Journal Entry
4
3
2
1
Clear, focused
composition
with effective
supporting
details
Mostly clear
and focused
composition;
some
supporting
details
Composition
somewhat
unfocused;
insufficient
supporting
details
Composition
with no clarity
or development
Organization
Organized
logically; ideas
are coherent
and focused
Organized
logically, few
gaps; ideas
fairly focused
and coherent
Organization
attempted, but
not clear; some
ideas unrelated
to subject
Poor
organization;
ideas lack
focus
Voice
Engaging;
clearly
expresses
writer’s
thoughts
Evident voice;
shares some
thoughts and
feelings
Weak voice;
does not share
many thoughts
and feelings
Lacking clear
voice
Word Choice
Vivid, precise
word choice
Accurate word
choice
Limited or
repetitive word
choice
Very limited
word choice
Sentences
Varied
sentences
Not as much
variety
Too many
similar
sentences
Many
fragments and
run-ons
Conventions
Excellent
control and
accuracy;
common and
proper nouns
used correctly
Good control,
few errors;
common and
proper nouns
generally
correct
Weak control;
errors with
common and
proper nouns
Serious errors
that obscure
meaning
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
Focus/Ideas
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Vocabulary • Suffixes -ly, -ous
• A suffix is a word part added to the end of a base word to change its meaning or the way it is
used in a sentence.
• The suffix -ly means “in a manner that is” or “in a way that is.”
• The suffix -ous means “full of.”
Directions Read the following passage. Then answer the questions below.
Lin frequently watched the ducks
gather in the pond on her grandfather’s
farm. Winter was coming on quickly,
and she knew it was soon time for their
migration south. Usually her dog Ace and
the ducks tolerated each other pretty well.
For some reason, one of the ducks had
become aggressive with Ace. When Ace
approached the flock, it would rush at Ace
with its wings flapping wildly. Ace tried
to be courageous, but the duck made him
too nervous. Instead, Ace retreated and
just watched the ducks in frustration. This
continued for a week. It appeared that this
duck could detect when Ace approached,
and it would rush and flap and quack
riotously. This game between Ace and
the duck continued until the ducks finally
began their migration south.
1. How does the suffix -ly change the meaning of the base word quick in the word quickly?
2. How does the suffix -ous change the meaning of the base word courage in the word courageous?
4. The word riotously contains two suffixes. How is the base word riot changed by adding the
two suffixes?
5. Think of another word that ends with either -ly or -ous. Use it in an original sentence that
makes its meaning clear.
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
3. How does the suffix -­ ous change the meaning of the base word nerve in the word nervous?
Home Activity Your child read a short passage and identified suffixes at the ends of words. Read a story
with your child and identify the suffixes -ly and -ous at the ends of words in the story. Ask your child how the
suffix changed the meaning of the word.
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Card Catalog / Library Database
• A
card catalog and library database provide information you need to find a book in the library.
The card catalog has drawers with cards in them.
• A
library database is the online version of a card catalog. Instead of cards, the database has files
called records.
• T
he cards or records provide information about a book, including its author, title, subject, and
its call number.
• You can search a catalog, online or in cards, by author, title, or subject.
Directions Read the starting search screen for a library database shown below. Then answer the
questions that follow.
Glenside Library
Home
Library Hours
Story Hour
Database
Glenside Free Library Database
Title (exact search)
Title (keywords)
Author (last name, first name)
Author (keywords)
Subject (exact search)
Subject (keywords)
Check a box above and type keywords in the
box below.
1. Which box would you check to find a book about dogs? Which keyword would you type?
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
2. Which box would you check to find the novel titled My Life in Dog Years? Which keywords
would you type?
3. Which box would you check to find a book by Pamela S. Turner? Which keywords would
you type?
4. Which box would you check to find a book with dogs in its title? Which keyword would you type?
5. Which box would you check to find a book about the caring for puppies? Which keywords would
you type?
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Directions Look at the search results from a library database. Then answer the questions below.
Glenside Library
Home
Library Hours
Story Hour
Database
Glenside Free Library Database
Search results for
8 records found
Title
containing
dogs
Results page 1 of 1
Number Title
Year Status
1
Dogs
1985
on shelf
2
The Dog and the Serpent
1996
on shelf
3
Dogs Can’t Count
1992
checked out
4
A Guide to Dogs
1977
on shelf
5
A Dog’s Journey
1996
reserved
6
Statue of a Dog
1966
on shelf
7
Dogs of the World
1996
checked out
8
Show Dogs
1988
on shelf
6. These results are from a search for a title containing the word dogs. How can you tell?
7. How many records were found for this search? How many are shown on this page?
8. If you wanted to check out Dogs of the World today, would you be able to? How do you know?
9. Which book is reserved? What do you think it means for a book to be reserved?
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
10. Why does Hachiko not appear on this list?
Home Activity Your child learned about using a library database. Go to the library or go to an online library
database with your child. Then search a topic you are both interested in.
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Plural or Possessive
Proofread a Journal Entry Read this journal entry. Circle five words that
are spelled incorrectly. Write them correctly on the lines. Find a sentence
with a punctuation error. Write it correctly on the line.
Dear Journal,
My nieces moved a month ago, and I still miss them?
Suddenly we live in two different countries’. Sometimes
we talk on the phone, but ours conversations are so
long that they become to expensive. We write so much
that if we had secretaries’ they’d be busy all the time.
I probably will always miss my niece’s.
1. ________________
2. _________________
3. ________________
4. _________________
5. ________________
6. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Plural or Possessive For each sentence, decide if the missing word is
plural or possessive. Circle the correct word and write it on the line.
7. That ___ beak looks very sharp.
7. ______________
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
niece’s Frequently
Misspelled
Words
nieces
9. ______________
libraries
10. The ___ all agreed on what happened.
witnesses’
niece’s
nieces’
nieces
crow’s
crows
witness’s
witnesses’
witnesses
secretary’s
secretaries’
8. ______________
9. Almost all ___ have computers these days.
libraries’
country’s
countries’
countries
its
ours
theirs
hers
library’s
libraries’
libraries
too
probably
crow’s crows
8. My ___ all have curly hair.
Spelling
Spelling
Words
Words
10. ______________
witnesses
Home Activity Your child identified misspelled words. Ask your child to think of and say sentences that
contain list words.
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Common and Proper Nouns
Directions Read the passage. Then read each question. Circle the letter of the correct answer.
The American Sewing Machine
(1) Elias Howe was the inventor of the first American sewing machine.
(2) Inventor Howe was born in spencer, massachusetts in July 1819. (3) When he lost
his factory job, he moved to Boston, where he found work in a machine shop and
began to work on a sewing machine that could stitch 250 stitches a minute. (4) It took
eight years until Howe was ready to demonstrate his machine. (5) By then, Mr. Isaac
Singer was hard at work on what became the famous singer sewing machine.
(6) Howe earned close to two million dollars from his invention. (7) During the civil
war he donated part of his wealth to buy uniforms for the Union army.
1 What change, if any, should be made in
sentence 1?
A Change Elias Howe to elias howe
B Change inventor to Inventor
C Change American to american
D Make no change
2 What change, if any, should be made in
sentence 2?
A Change spencer, massachusetts to
Spencer, Massachusetts,
B Change July to july
C Change Inventor to inventor
D Make no change
4 What change, if any, should be made in
sentence 5?
A Change the period to an exclamation
point
B Change Mr. to mr.
C Change singer sewing machine to
Singer Sewing Machine
D Make no change
5 What change, if any, should be made in
sentence 7?
A Change Union army to union army
B Change civil war to Civil War
C Change wealth to Wealth
D Make no change
© Pearson Education, Inc., 6
3 What change, if any, should be made in
sentence 3?
A Change machine shop to Machine
Shop
B Change Boston to boston
C Change sewing machine to Sewing
Machine
D Make no change
Home Activity Your child prepared for taking tests on common and proper nouns. With your child, find four
examples each of common and proper nouns in a newspaper or magazine article.
94 Conventions Common and Proper Nouns
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