Chapter 11
Chapter 11
 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN:
 About the Differences between Federalists and Republicans by
comparing the ideas of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas
Jefferson.
Preview CH 11
 ISN to page 73
 As you listen to the songs answer the questions on this page
 The lyrics and music in these songs reflect the ideas of two
different political parties – Federalists and Republicans
 Emerged in the 1790s
 Stately and Majestic nature of “Hail Columbia” illustrates the
ideas of the Federalist Party – candidates represented the
elite
 The lyrics and music of “Fair and Free Elections” celebrates
the virtues of democracy and reflects the ideas of the
Republican party - small farmers and artisans
CH 11
 Read 11.1 – page 145
 Look at the Graphic Organizer on page 145
 What differences do you notice in the men’s clothing?
 What do the difference in clothes indicate about each man’s
background?
 How might each man’s background influence his political
beliefs?
11.1 Introduction
 Look at the picture on page 145
 Who is George Washington?
 Who are the other men?
 George Washington = our first president
 He didn’t want to do the job
 Knox = secretary of war (cabinet member)
 Hamilton = secretary of treasury
 Jefferson – secretary of state
 Hamilton and Jefferson were both strong patriots, served in
the Revolution and both were brilliant
11.1 Introduction
 Both were very different
 Hamilton: dressed with care, doer – moved from task to task,
moved with precision
 Jefferson: sloppy clothes, slouched, thinker and took his
time to explore ideas
 They were great rivals – developed nation’s first political
parties
11.2 Launching the New Government
 Read 11.2 quietly to yourself
 Inauguration – sworn in as president
 Title – some wanted “your excellency” – strong national
government
 Some wanted nothing that smelled of royalty (why?)
 Washington confirmed “Mr. President”
 Congress set up department of executive branch –
today’s cabinet
 War, State, Treasury were the 1st – we have added since
 Created attorney general to serve as president’s advisor
and a post master general
Wednesday’s Homework
 Read 11.3
 Read 11.4 and answer the ISN questions on
page 74
 Do a thorough job – well enough to possibly
pass a quiz tomorrow
11.3 Washington as President
 Read 11.3 – page 147 – quietly to yourself
 Government needed money
 Argued about what to tax – luxury or “excise tax”
 Farmers west of Appalachian didn’t like this – they sold
whiskey because it was easy to get across the mountains
and with the tax it would hurt their business
 Tarred and feathered tax collectors
 Hamilton and Washington saw this Whiskey Rebellion
as a threat and sent forces to crush it
 Jefferson thought that was a bad idea and it violated
people’s liberties
11.3 Washington as President
 1789 – French Revolution – inspired by American
Revolution
 Jefferson and his followers were thrilled with this
 Had started calling themselves Democratic – Republicans or
Republicans for short
 Great crusade for democracy
 Hamilton (federalists) were appalled at this – they were
concerned about this happening in the US
 Farwell Address: Washington was upset by the division
between Federalists and Republicans
11.3 Washington as President
 He told people to stay away from political parties
(wonder what he’d think today?!)
 Washington left office a proud man of the country he
started
 Had added Kentucky, Tennessee and Vermont – left the
nation united and at peace
Reading Notes
 Turn ISN to pages 74-75
 Read 11.4
 As you read complete page 74
 Then read 11.5
 As you read complete page 75
Jefferson: Britain and France
 Most Americans favored French Revolution until it
turned violent
 Most Republicans supported France
 A few noble heads was a small price to pay for freedom
 Federalists cursed the Republicans for their loyalty to
France
 Edmond Genet: came to the US as a representative
from France
 Called him “Citizen”
 Mission was to convince the US to join France against
Britain in the war
Jefferson: Britain and France
 Republicans welcomed him
 He became full of himself though as the cheering crowds
grew
 Washington did not want to be drawn in the war and did
not welcome him
 Genet began attacking Washington and Genet tried to
get others to attack him too
 It became too much and Washington and his supporters
decided Genet had to go
11.6 John Adams
 By 1796, 3rd election, political parties influenced the
election process
 Republicans wanted Jefferson – South and West
 Federalists wanted Adams – lawyers, merchants and ship
owners and business people
 Electoral votes counted – Adams wins by 3, Jefferson
comes in 2nd – they are opposing parties
Alien and Sedition Acts
 Tried to work closely at first but didn’t work
 Federalists passed 4 laws – Alien and Sedition Acts –
protect country from people like Citizen Genet
 Really wanted to make life difficult for the Republicans
 Aimed at aliens (noncitizens)
 1. lengthened time it took to become a citizen
 2. Allowed the president to jail or deport aliens who were
suspected of stirring up trouble
 These laws frightened people
Alien and Sedition Acts
 Sedition – a crime to encourage rebellion against the
government
 Printing, writing or speaking in a scandalous or
malicious way against the government
 Hamilton approved of this
 Was used to punish Republican newspaper editors who
delighted in insulting Adams
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
 Republicans viewed this as an attack on free speech
 Thought the states needed to step up
 Jefferson and Madison drew up a set of resolutions or
statements opposing these acts
 Argued congress had taken too much power and the
states should nullify them
 State’s rights
 Only Virginia and Kentucky adopted the resolutions
New Capital
 1800 – moved to Washington DC
 Finally had a permanent home
Election of 1800
 Republicans back Jefferson – Aaron Burr runs for VP
 Federalists choose John Adams – run for presdient and
Charles Pinckney of South Carolina for VP
 Some Federalists wanted Hamilton but he couldn’t run
 Candidates outlined the issues early –
 Jefferson - supported states rights – frugal and simple
 Adams – peace and prosperity
 Run on insults than issues
 Republicans accused Adams of being a tyrant and
accused him of turning the nation into a monarchy
Election of 1800
 Federalists called Jefferson an atheist and said he’d
destroy the religion and loosen the bonds of society
 Hamilton refused to support Adams – Federalist are
divided
 Hamilton tried to get people to vote for Pinckney for
president – Hamilton knew Pinckney would listen to
him
Deadlock
 Adams lost the election – not sure who won
 Each elector casts 2 votes. 1st place is president; 2nd place
is VP
 All of the Republicans voted for Jefferson and Burr – tie
between them
 Sends the tie to the House of Rep. to break it
 Each state has one vote
 Burr should have told his supporters to vote for Jefferson
– as his party wanted but he was hoping to win
Deadlock
 House voted – another tie
 6 days, 35 ballots – Hamilton breaks the tie
 Asked the supporters of him to vote for Jefferson – he
was the lesser of 2 evils said Hamilton
 1804- 12th amendment – prevents ties and has electoral
college cast separate votes for president and VP
 Peaceful transition of power