Female Genital Mutilation
(FGM)
Kvinnlig könsstympning (KKS)
Dr. Nima Ismail MD.
Specialized in General Medicine
MSC in International Health
FGM consultant
Female Genital Mutilation
All procedures involving partial or total
removal of the external female genital
organ.
or other injury to the female genital organs.
whether for cultural or other nontherapeutic
reasons.
Prevalence and distribution
• More than 125 million women and girls
• 30 countries in Africa plus some in Asia
and Middle East
• Not associated with any single culture or
religion
Normal female genital
Types of FGM
Type I: Excision of the prepuce with or without
excision of part or all of the clitoris.
Type II: Excision of the clitoris with partial or total excision
of the labia minora.
Type III: Excision of part or all of the external genitalia and
stitching/narrowing of the vaginal opening(infibulation)
• Type IV: Unclassified -includes pricking,
piercing or incising of the clitoris and/or
labia; stretching of the clitoris and/or labia;
cauterization by burning of the clitoris and
surrounding tissues; scraping of tissues
surrounding the vaginal orifice, etc.
• Type IV: Unclassified -includes pricking,
piercing or incising of the clitoris and/or
labia; stretching of the clitoris and/or labia;
cauterization by burning of the clitoris and
surrounding tissues; scraping of tissues
surrounding the vaginal orifice, etc.
Possible immediate results of
FGM
•Death
•Short term complications: hemorrhage, shock,
severe pain, infection, injury to neighbouring
organs, urine retention.
Long-term complications
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•
•
•
•
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Abscesses
Cysts
Keloids
Scar neuroma
Painful sexual intercourse
Contraction of HIV/AIDS
and other diseases
• Complication in
pregnancy and labour
• Complications from deinfibulation and reinfibulation
• Urinary tract infections
• Urinary incontinence
What are the reasons for doing it?
1. Religion
2. Tradition
3. To preserve virginity
4. To avoid sexual immorality
5. Importance as an initation rite
6. Aesthetic reasons
7. To improve fertility and prevent
mortality
8. Cleanliness
Attitudes towards un-circumcised
females
- Society would not accept them because
people would consider them loose and
oversexed and would question their sexual
morals and fidelity.
- The society would not accept them because
people would regard them as unpurified
Muslims.
- Uncircumcised females are not accepted by
the society because people regard them
bringing shame to their cultural traditions.
Recomendations
• FGM is an old practise, existing more than 2000 years, and
is still practised in many parts of the world today.
• A lot of effort has been done, but there is still a long way
to go for the eradication of FGM.
1. Education
2. Women empowerment
Thank you