Chapter 5 Section 1 Page 144
I.
Philosophy in the Age of Reason
A. Progress and Reason
1. Joseph Priestley built the framework of chemistry
2. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine.
3. Natural Law – laws that govern human nature.
4. Scientific Revolution led to the Enlightenment Period.
B. Two views of Social Contract
1. Thomas Hobbes
a. He argued that people were normally cruel, selfish,
and greedy.
b. Social Contract is the idea people give power to the
government in order to maintain order in society.
2. John Locke
a. Locke believed people were basically moral and
reasonable.
b. Natural rights people had the right to LIFE,
LIBERTY AND PROPERTY.
c. People have the right to overthrow the
government if they don’t provide natural rights.
C. Separation of Powers
1. Baron de Montesquieu = Checks and Balances.
2. Separate branches = executive, legislative and judicial.
D. The Philosophes and Society “Love of Wisdom”
1. Voltaire
a. He attacked corrupted officials and idle aristocrats.
b. He was arrested and exiled but still maintain his
belief.
2. The Encyclopedia
a. Denis Diderot wrote a 28-volume.
3. Rousseau
a. He believed that the corruption in society came from
the distribution in wealth.
b. Government place minimal limitation on people.
E. New Economic Thinking
Physiocrats – focused on economic reform
1. Laissez Faire
a. no government interference on business
2. Adam Smith
a. The Wealth of the Nation, the free market
should be allowed to regulate business
activity.
b. Supply and demand theory.
Chapter 5 Section 2
II. Enlightenment ideas Spread
A. The Challenge of New Ideas
1. Censorship
a. Censorship is the idea to restrict access to
information. The church and authorities were to
defend the old society.
b. The book Persian Letter, Montesquieu mocks the
French society
c. Voltaire’s novel Candide, sought out the best world.
2. Salons
a. Salons are like modern day coffee shops.
B. Enlightened Despots
1. Enlightened Despots is a term which leaders brought
social and economic reform to the society.
2. Frederick the Great
a. He gave supplies to peasants to grow crops.
3. Catherine the Great
a. She reformed the education system but expanded
their territory.
4. Joseph II
a. Continued Maria Theresa’s reform.
b. He sold land that was owned by church and used
it to build hospitals.
C. The Arts and Literature
1. Baroque paintings were huge, colorful, and full of
excitement.
2. Rococo art was personal, elegant, and charming.
Chapter 5 Section 3 page 154
III. Britain Mid-Century
1. What continents did the British merchants create
trading posts at?
2. What did the Treaty of Utrecht and the Treaty of
Paris give to England?
3. What did the Act of Union accomplished for
England?
4. What did the Irish endure for many centuries?
5. What is a Constitutional government?
6. What two parties emerged in England and what
were there platform?
7. What is the role of the cabinet?
8. What does the Prime Minister do for Parliament?
9. What type of government did England become?
10.How did King George III reassert his power?
11.Who did the people of England believed was
there true leader?
Chapter 5 Section 4
IV Birth of the American Republic
A. The 13 Colonists
1. Smugglers
2. Seven years War
3. Proclamation Line 1763
B. Growing Discontent
1. “No Taxation without Representation”
2. Boston Massacre
3. Boston Tea party
4. “The Shot that was heard around the world”
5. First and Second Continental Congress 1775 -1776
6. Popular Sovereignty
7. Declaration of Independence – Thomas Jefferson, Ben
Franklin, and John Adams (John Locke)
C. American Revolution
1. Battle of Bunker Hill
2. Battle of Long Island
3. Battle of Trenton
4. Loyalists vs. Patriots
5. Battle of Saratoga – French
6. Battle of Valley Forge
7. Southern Confrontation – Movie Patriot
8. Treaty of Paris
D. A New Constitution
1. “We the People of the United States’
2. Federal Republic
3. Constitution - Montesquieu and Rousseau
4. Bill of Rights Va and NY