19-4
E/T WS answers
#1-3
1. What minority groups, outside of women, faced problems during
the Progressive Era?
• African Americans, Mexican Americans, Asian Americans, and religious
minorities.
2. What were some problems that African Americans faced at this
time?
• Discrimination that restricted them to certain jobs and certain
neighborhoods.
3. Who was Booker T. Washington? How did he propose that African
Americans seek improvement in society?
• Well-known African American leader of this time who had been born
into slavery. He later founded the Tuskegee Institute in AL that offered
training in industrial and agricultural skills.
• He believed that African Americans should learn trades and gradually
moved up in society (patience).
#4-7
4. Who supported Washington’s approach?
It won the support of business leaders like Carnegie and
Rockefeller. They helped build trade schools for African Americans.
5. Who was W.E.B. Du Bois? How did he propose that African Americans
seek improvement in society?
• First African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard.
• He urged African Americans to fight against discrimination and
segregation and not submit to it.
6. What was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP)?
• Organization formed with the purpose of working for equal rights for
African Americans.
7. Define lynching.
• Murder by a mob.
#8-10
8. Who was Ida B. Wells and what issue did she attack?
• A journalist who used her newspaper, Free Speech, to bring
national attention to the lynching that took place in the South.
She continued to publish articles about lynching despite death
threats.
9. How did Woodrow Wilson create a setback for African
Americans in government jobs?
• He segregated all federal civil service jobs.
10. Identify the following people:
• A. George Washington Carver-African American who discovered
several new uses for peanuts and other southern crops.
• B. Sarah Walker-African American woman who created a hair
product line and became the first American woman to make a
million dollars.
#11-14
11. What organizations became places where future African
American leaders were trained?
• Churches, like the African Methodist Episcopal Church
12. What problems did Mexican Americans face during this time
period?
• Legal segregation
13. What factors increased Mexican immigration to the U.S.
around 1910?
• Revolution and famine.
14. What types of jobs did most Mexican immigrants get in the
U.S.? How were they paid compared to Anglo (White) workers
in the same fields?
• Field hands, built roads, or dug ditches.
• They were paid much less.
#15-18
15. What are barrios?
• Ethnic Mexican American neighborhoods
16. What were mutualistas?
• Mexican American mutual aid groups. Members of a community pulled
money together that would be used for medical needs, insurance and
legal advice fees.
17. What job did most Japanese immigrants have in the early 1900s?
• Farmers
18. What measures did San Francisco take in 1906 in regard to the Asian
population?
• Asian children were forced to attend separate schools.
#19-23
19. What was the Gentlemen’s Agreement?
• A 1907 agreement with Japan that stopped further Japanese
immigration to the U.S. It did allow for women whose husbands were
already working in the U.S. to join them.
20. What measure did the state of California take in 1913 in regard to
Asian immigrants?
• Banned all Japanese who were not American citizens from owning land.
21. Which religious groups were targets of discrimination during this
era?
• Jews and Catholics
22. What is a parochial school? Why were these schools established?
• A school sponsored by the church. Felt that students were being
bombarded with anti-Catholic teachings in public schools.
23. Define anti-Semitism.
• Prejudice against Jews
#24-25
24. Describe the 1913 event in Georgia that is considered the
most notorious case of anti-Semitism in the U.S. from that era.
• A Jewish man (Leo Frank) was falsely accused of murder and
newspapers inflamed the situation by printing anti-Semitic
articles and headlines. Despite a lack of evidence, he was found
guilty and sentenced to death. When the governor of GA
reduced his sentence, a mob took him from prison and lynched
him.
25. What was the purpose of the Anti-Defamation League?
• To promote understanding and fight prejudice against Jews.