Nano 201
Menu:
how big is nano?
fabrication
properties
some closing notes
1,000,000 yards
100,000 yards
Northwest Florida
10,000 yards
Tallahassee
1,000 yards
National Magnet Lab
100 yards
Lake, oaks
10 yards
Oak tree top
1 yard = 1 meter
Oak branch and leaves
0.1 yards
Oak leaf (actual size)
.01 yards
Leaf surface, 10x enlarged
.001 yards
Leaf surface, 100x enlarged
b
.0001 yards
HUMAN HAIR
Many cells
.00001 yards
Individual cells
.000001 yards
Cell nucleus
100 nanometers =
.0000001yards
Chromatin structure
10 nanometers =
.00000001 yards
DNA double strands
1 nanometer =
.000000001 yards
Individual molecules and atoms
Science Disciplines at Different Length
Scales
human hair
continent
atoms
10-10 m
<-Subatomic
sciences
dust
mite
cell
10-8 m
10-6 m
10-4 m
Biological
sciences
1 - 100 nm
Nano science
10-2 m
Eiffel
tower
SF Bay area
human
1m
102 m
Social
sciences
104 m
earth
106 m
Geological
sciences
planets
108 m
1010 m
Astronomical
sciences
The Interesting Length Scale
Bacteriophage
60-70 nm
Magnified 400,000X
100
Gold Particles
13 nm & 50 nm
Magnified 500,000X
80
60
40
20
(nm)
Flu Virus
100 nm
Magnified 320,000X
World’s Smallest Abacus
C60 Molecules on Cu(111)
1 nm C60 & 10nm lines
Magnified 15 millionX
1
A special kind of small:
•
•
•
design scale of nature
self-assembling structures
size-dependent behaviors
Nano represents a NEW INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
fabrication
properties
Electrochemically Etched Tungsten STM Tips
(Etched in the Hersam Lab at Northwestern University)
These tips, invented at IBM in 1983, started nanofabrication.
Dip-Pen Nanolithography
(Mirkin)
1 mm
Paper
•
•
Similarities
External Ink Reservoir
Ink Transported from
Tip to Surface
•
•
•
Differences
1/100,000 the Size
Water Meniscus
Ink Chemisorption
AFM Tip
10 nm
Solid Substrate
Feynman
Self Assembly
Regenerative Medicine
self-assembled
bioactive nanofiber
Science, 294, 1684 (2001)
Initial Events in Spinal Cord
Contusion Injury
Crush applies most force to
the inner core of the cord –
necrosis
Necrotic cells release free
radicals, calcium and excess
neurotransmitters –causes
excitotoxicity of surrounding
cells
Apoptosis of cells
surrounding the initial area
of damage
Immune response
Sequellae of Spinal Cord Injury
Nanoengineered Gel
Self-Assembly in
Physiological Ion
Concentrations
Scanning EM of Gel
Injection of Gel
Liquid PA
Solution
Injection Time Course
24 Hours Post Injury
7 Days Post Injury
Interaction with Ions
in Extracellular Fluid
Self-Assembled
Peptide
Amphiphile
Stupp, Kessler labs
Animal Models Must First Prove the
Efficacy of New Treatments
Effects of Gel on Functional
Recovery
At the nanoscale …
Properties can become
SIZE-DEPENDENT
EXAMPLES –
STAINED GLASS
MELTING POINTS OF METAL NANODOTS
DNA Diagnostics - nanoscale
Au
Au
Au
Au
Target DNA (anthrax??)
With
Target DNA
Without
Target DNA
Letsinger, Mirkin, Mucic et al
Menu:
how big is nano?
fabrication
properties
some closing notes
Some big numbers
Federal 2006 nanofunding (NNI)
Estimated nanosales volume in 2015
States with active nanodevelopments
$1.351 million
$1.2 trillion
41
Road Ahead..
We should close this office.. Everything that
needs to be invented, is already..
Director, US Patent Office, 1919
A few computers should be enough
for the society!
Watson (IBM Watson Center fame)
640k should be enough for everyone!
Bill Gates, 1982
Infectious diseases is now history..
Surgeon General, 1959
There is more day to dawn
The sun is but a morning star.
H. D. Thoreau
A FEW TARGETS FOR
NANOSCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY
•ADVANCED MATERIALS/ SECURITY
•FIVE-MINUTE HEALTH SWAB TEST
•INTERACTIVE GLUCOSE SENSING, DOSING
•HUMAN REPAIR
•OPTICAL COMPUTERS
•GREASELESS SUNTAN LOTION
•NONFREEZING WINDSHIELDS
•STAINLESS TIES FOR SOUP SPILLERS
•SELF-MONITORING FOOD PACKAGING
•NEURONAL INTERFACES
•FULLY TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY
•HEATLESS LIGHT
•TRULY EFFICIENT SOLAR RADIATION CAPTURE
“Prediction is very difficult,
Especially of the future ”
attributed to Niels Bohr
Prentice-Hall, 2003
http://www.nanotechbook.com