Annex I for Del. 3.1.1. “Catalogue of
techniques and best practices”
Annex I
Best practice examples
Best practice example data sheets
This annex to the deliverable 3.1.1. “Catalogue of techniques and best practices for the utilization of
Near-Surface Geothermal Energy” represents the collected best practice example data sheets from all
partner countries.
Austria - Fa. EGO-Austria Elektrogeräte GesmbH
Austria - Fa. Euroclima
Austria - Gipfelstadl Wagrain
Austria - Lake-water pool at Hotel Hochschober
Austria - Biohotel Crystal
Austria - Stiegeralm
Austria - Sunna Alm mountain restaurant
France – Collective housing Metz-Tessy
France - Monastry of Ganagobie
France - Industrial building Rhone-Alpes
France - Parador Resort
France – Industrial building (La Talaudière)
Germany - Lido Benediktbeuern
Germany - GROB-WERKE Mindelheim
Germany - Kranzberg
Germany - Settlement Ludwigshöhe, Kempten
Germany - Heated railway switch Oberstaufen
Germany - Heated railway switches Oberstdorf
Italy - Bar-Restaurant “Pit-Stop”
Italy - Chaberton residence
Italy - Geothermal System in Croviana (Val di Sole)
Italy - Maison Lostan
Italy - Palazzo Lombardia
Italy - Ice Rink ‘Pala Vuerich’
Italy – Municipal and Registry Office Buildings (Lombardia)
Slovenia - Swimming club Gorenjska Banka Radovljica, Olympic swimming pool
Slovenia - Campsite KLIN Lepena
Slovenia - National Interprofessional Nordic Center (DPNC)
Switzerland - Holiday resort Reka Blatten-Belalp
Switzerland - Saas-Fee
Switzerland - Tunnel Great-St-Bernard
p. 2
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p. 9
p. 10
p. 12
p. 13
p. 14
p. 15
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p. 19
p. 20
p. 21
p. 22
p. 23
p. 24
p. 26
p. 27
p. 28
p. 29
p. 30
p. 32
p. 33
p. 34
p. 35
p. 36
p. 37
p. 38
GRETA is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme.
Send us an email at [email protected] and see more about GRETA at www.alpine-space.eu/projects/greta.
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Fa. EGO-Austria Elektrogeräte GesmbH
Country: Austria
Region: Tyrol (Heinfels)
Altitude: 1088 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 7 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: about 4.500 Kday with a
base temp. of 20 °C
Time of implementation: 1994
Water is used directly (without a GWHP) to cool machinery at the production site. 3 machines are being cooled – those are: a
Vermiculite-expansion kiln, a dryer for Vermiculite products and an oven for hardening of steel parts. The water is taken from
one well, filtered, used for cooling and afterwards drained in a small stream at the site. They hold an 8 m³ buffer storage and
are able to connect the system to the tap in case of system failure. The performance of the water well is constant since the
implementation. Heat recovery is not being performed because the whole heating/ventilation system would have to be
adapted.
Description of installation: Water is taken from a 15 m deep well with about 6 - 10 °C for cooling of three machines in the
production cycle. Afterwards the water is drained into a small stream.
NSGE system
Free cooling
type
System usage o heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE
x cooling only
x permanent use
installations: oil heating
Possible integration with other
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
energy sources: usage of tap
o storage
peaks
water from regional water
o domestic hot water
supplier if well is not productive
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: 0 Cooling: 4 m³/h of
3 production machines are being
water Storage: 0 DHW: ?
cooled
Economic &
Installation costs: €
Running costs/year: about
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
ecologic key
100.000 kWh*0.06 € = 6.000 €
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
facts
Amortization: a
(electrical energy), about 500 €
Reduction of primary energy
maintenance
Reduction of heating power costs: consumption:
Energy efficiency rating of the
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
building:
cooling, DHW etc.):
Collector
details
Overall length of installed pipes:
Length / area of collector: 15 m
deep water well, 150 mm pipediameter
Water is being cleaned from sand
by a filter before usage
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): no heat pump
installed
Annual HP working hours:
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Annual energy consumption of
the HP:
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Geological region: Periadriatic
seam (S-alpine)
Rough description of bedrock:
Quaternary sediments (Würm and
post-glacial)
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): only
one well
Distance between pumping well
and stream (Villgratterbach) to
drain water: about 15 m
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
Flow rate per well/borehole: 4
m³/h (consent: 10,8 m³/h)
Flow- and return flow temp.:
about 6 - 10 °C / max. 30 °C
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
HP outlet temperature on building
side: 6 – 10 °C
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP):
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.: 8 °C
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
gravel
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole: 10 m
Groundwater temp.: 6 - 10 °C
2
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Fa. Euroclima
Country: Austria
Region: Tyrol (Sillian)
Altitude: 1083 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 7 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: about 4.500 Kday with a
base temp. of 20 °C
Time of implementation: 1983
The air-condition machinery production site of the company Euroclima in Sillian, eastern Tyrol, was one of the first in Austria
to implement a GWHP for heating purposes. They use a 35 m deep aquifer with relatively high temperatures of > 10 °C all year
round at an altitude of > 1.000 m. The water is used to heat offices (about 20 °C) and a production hall to about 15 - 18 °C via
floor heating and is drained to a small stream at the site.
Description of installation: Water from two wells (max. 28l/s) is used for heating offices and one production hall via two
GWHPs. Return water is drained into a small stream
NSGE system
Groundwater heat pump
type
System usage x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
Air HP + pellets burning to heat a
o heating & cooling
x permanent use with seasonal
new production hall. PV system
o storage
peaks
for electrical energy production
x domestic hot water
and DHW.
Possible integration with other
energy sources: pellets stove
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: Cooling: 0
about 38.000 m³, 4.500 m2
Storage: 0 DHW:
Economic &
Installation costs: about 75.000 €
Running costs/year: ? (part of the
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
ecologic key
electricity is produced via PV
reduction: 100 %
Increase of RES share:
facts
Amortization: a
system) + about 600 €
Reduction of primary energy
maintenance for HP
Reduction of heating power costs: consumption:
Energy efficiency rating of the
no comparison to before 1983
building:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Collector
details
Overall length of installed pipes:
116 m
Length / area of collector: 2 water
wells, each 58 m deep
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping well
and stream: water is drained to a
small stream ~20 m from well
Flow- and return flow temp.: 8 11 °C / 5 – 6 °C
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 2 HPs, each 109
kW (installed 2013)
Annual HP working hours: 4.320 h
Annual energy consumption of
the HP: 20,4 kW * 4.320 h/a 
about 90.000 kWh/a
Flow rate per well/borehole: max.
47 m³/h (demand ~186.000 m³/a)
HP outlet temperature on building
side: max. 45 °C (temp of inlet
fluid in heating/cooling emitters)
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): > 3
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells: filtersand
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: Propylen
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R407C
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region: Periadriatic
seam (S-Alpine units)
Rough description of bedrock:
Quaternary (Würm and
postglacial)
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.: about 8 °C
(geopot)
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
gravel from 34 – 57 m
Thickness of aquifer: ~ 23 m
Water level in borehole: ~ 30 m
Groundwater temp.: ~ 8 - 11 °C
Hydraulic conductivity:
3
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Gipfelstadl Wagrain
Country: Austria
Region: Salzburg
Altitude: 1850 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 3 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: about 5.800 Kday with a
base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C
Time of implementation: 2015
Located at an altitude of almost 1800 m, the mountain restaurant has implemented a BHE field after renovation of the alpine
hut. 15 deep drillings were constructed to heat the chalet and the outside terrace area.
Description of installation: The installation of a geothermal heat pump system with 1760 meters of drillings in total replaces
the pre-existing gas heating system. A low-temperature kitchen- and restaurant ventilation system was implemented as well
as the installation of an outdoor heating for the terrace area.
NSGE system
Borehole heat exchangers
type
System usage x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE
o cooling only
o permanent use
installations: wood stove,
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
buffer storage 3.000 l
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
x domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating: Cooling: Storage: DHW:
Installation costs:
Amortization: 7 – 8 a
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Overall length of installed pipes:
1760 m
Length / area of collector: 15 wells
x max. 130 m depth (double U
pipe)
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 90 kW (KNV
Energietechnik)
Annual HP working hours:
Peak load:
Running costs/year:
Reduction of heating power costs:
15.000 €/a
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Volume or area to be
climatized: 400 m²
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
HP outlet temperature on building
side:
Avg. coefficient of
performance (COP):
Seasonal performance factor
of heat pump (HSPF):
Annual energy consumption of the
HP:
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region: Wölzer Nappe
system
Rough description of bedrock:
Quartzphyllite, Phyllonite,
Micashists - Devonian
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity:
4
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Lake-water pool at Hotel Hochschober
Country: Austria
Region: Carinthia (Turrach)
Altitude: 1763 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 3,5 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: not known with a poolwater temp. of 29 - 30 °C
Time of implementation: 1994 - 1995
Lake-water is used to heat a swimming pool within this lake from mid of May to mid of September at an altitude of 1763 m via
a groundwater heat pump.
Description of installation: Water with temperatures of about 15 – 17 °C is taken from the lake to heat a swimming pool
within this lake. The groundwater heat pump rises the temperature to about 30 °C, the return flow is being drained into the
lake with about 10 °C.
NSGE
Groundwater heat pump
system type
System
x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
usage
o cooling only
o permanent use
pellets from October until May
Possible integration with other
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
energy sources:
o storage
peaks
o domestic hot water
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: Cooling: 0
lake pool with 25 x 10 m at 30 °C
Storage: 0 DHW: 0
Economic & Installation costs: 20.000 € for the Running costs/year: about 8.000 € Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
ecologic key system, not including the pool
electricity + about 500 €
reduction: about 100 %
Increase of RES share:
facts
itself
maintenance
Reduction of heating power costs: Reduction of primary energy
Amortization: a
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
consumption:
cooling, DHW etc.):
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Collector
Overall length of installed pipes:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Flow- and return flow temp.: 15 details
20 °C / 10 °C
Length / area of collector:
Distance between pumping and
Specific abstraction capacity /
reinjection wells:
cooling capacity for BHE:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performanc
e
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 42 kW
Flow rate per well/borehole:
about 20 m³/h
Annual HP working hours: 1600 h
HP outlet temperature on building
side: > 30 °C
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): < 3
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer: lake
water
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.: 15 - 20 °C
Hydraulic conductivity:
Annual energy consumption of the
HP: about 70.000 kWh/a (550
kWh/day; 13h/day; 4 months)
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Geological region: Upper
Carboniferous - Permian
Rough description of bedrock:
Phyllite – Phyllonite, shists
5
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Biohotel Crystal
Country: Austria
Region: Tyrol (Obergurgl)
Altitude: 1905 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: about 3-4 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: about 5.800 Kday with a
base temp. of 20 °C
Time of implementation: 2008
This winter sports hotel fosters the implementation of renewable energy sources to cover heating demand. The hotel is split
into two parts, an old and a new building connected by a bridge across the main street. The old building is still being heated
with oil but the new part (constructed in 2008), including indoor and outdoor swimming pools, as well as an adjacent sports
market are being heated via the BHE field. The underground is certainly cold in this altitude, this is why the BHE field needs to
be regenerated in summer by the solar panels installed at the roof-top of the hotel.
Description of installation: The BHE field is located underneath the new part of the hotel and is made up of 66 probes (grouped
to 4, connected in parallel), each about 120 m deep – in total about 8.000 m pipe length. 4 heat pumps (thereof 3 low
temperature, 1 high temperature) are running to produce the heat. A buffer storage of 20 m³ is available.
NSGE
Borehole heat exchangers
system type
System
x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
usage
o cooling only
o permanent use
265 m² solar collector for
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
regenerating the underground in
x storage
peaks
summer; oil burner (old building)
Possible integration with other
x domestic hot water
energy sources: oil
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: Cooling: 0
40.000 m³ (hotel, wellness-area,
Storage: DHW:
swimming pools)
Economic &
Installation costs: > 1 m €
Running costs/year: 30.000 €
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
ecologic key Amortization: 10-12 a
(electrical energy), 2.000 €
reduction: about 80 %
Increase of RES share: about 80 %
facts
(amortization time was not the
(maintenance + solar costs)
Reduction of heating power costs: Reduction of primary energy
driving factor for the installation)
Energy efficiency rating of the
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
consumption: about 70 %
building:
cooling, DHW etc.): new building
Collector
Overall length of installed pipes:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): 5 - 6
Flow- and return flow temp.: 5 °C /
details
7920 m
m, underneath the building
-1 °C min.
Length / area of collector: 66 wells Distance between pumping and
Specific abstraction capacity /
x max. 120 m depth (double U
reinjection wells:
cooling capacity for BHE: 20 – 30
pipe)
Area of activation for storage:
W/m]
about 4.000 m²
Volume of activation for storage:
about 400.000 m³
System
Heat pump (HP) rated power
Flow rate per well/borehole:
Avg. coefficient of performance
performance (capacity of HP): 3 low-temp for
HP outlet temperature on building (COP): < 2.5
Seasonal performance factor of
heating (each 127.7 kWh) + 1 high- side:
heat pump (HSPF):
temp. (78.3 kWh) (booster for
DHW to 60 °C)
Annual HP working hours: ~2.000h
Energy consumption of the HP:
Materials
Completion/backfilling material in Heat transfer media/heat carrier
Heat pump working fluids
used
wells/ground heat
fluid: Ethanol Watercote
(refrigerant): R407C
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Concrete – bentonite suspension
Geological & Geological region: Eastern Alpine
Ground specifics
Aquifer specifics
hydrological Crystalline rocks (ÖtztalThermal conductivity of the soils
Rough description of aquifer:
specifics
Bundschuh-System)
and rocks: about 2.9 W/mK
Thickness of aquifer:
Rough description of bedrock:
Avg. ground temp.: 4 – 5 °C
Water level in borehole:
About 18 m of gravel (Quaternary
(geopot study)
Groundwater temp.:
sediments), underneath gneiss
Hydraulic conductivity
6
Further details:
Negative aspects:
3 individual producers for the heating system (would be better to have it all out of one hand)
Positive aspects:
Independent of oil price
Fixed running costs
Zitation of Geopot study: Energie der Zukunft, GEO-Pot, Seichtes Geothermie Potenzial Österreichs von V. Ostermann, G.Götzl,
P.Steckler, A.Zottl, R. Heimrath, A. Novak, R. Kalasek; 2010)
7
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Stiegeralm
Country: Austria
Region: Salzburg (Saalbach – Hinterglemm)
Altitude: 1487 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 6 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 5.100 Kday with a
base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °
Time of implementation: 2013
Chalet with ground heat collectors
Description of installation: Horizontal heat collectors were installed in approximately 1.8 m depth with horizontal design in the
same altitude (problem of air in the line).
NSGE
Horizontal heat collector
system type
System
x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
usage
o cooling only
o permanent use
wood stove
Possible integration with other
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
energy sources:
o storage
peaks
x domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating: Cooling: 0
Storage: 0 DHW:
Installation costs: about 50.000 €
Amortization:
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Overall length of installed pipes:
Length / area of collector: about
500 m² in about 1.8 m depth
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
about 180 m²
Running costs/year: about 1.200 €
electrical energy
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP):
Annual HP working hours:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
HP outlet temperature on building
side:
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP):
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity:
Annual energy consumption of the
HP:
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Geological region: Eastern Alpine
Units / Greywacke zone (Upper
Ordovician + Devonian)
Rough description of bedrock:
sand-, silt- and claystones
8
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Sunna Alm mountain restaurant
Country: Austria
Region: Tyrol (Pitztal)
Altitude: 2291 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: about 1 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: about 7.000 Kday with a
base temp. of 20 °C
Time of implementation: 2008
This reconstruction currently represents the highest passive-energy restaurant in the Alpine region and is associated to the
mountain station of the Rifflsee cable car. Solar and geothermal technology allow the complete abandonment of fossil fuels with 135 open days in winter and 100 in summer, this results in an annual saving of 35.000 litres of fuel oil.
Description of installation: For the use of geothermal energy, seven deep drilling were conducted up to 120 m depth adjacent
to the building. The underground temperatures are negative in this very high altitude location – thus the efficiency of the
system is fairly low. To enhance the system, the BHE field is regenerated in summer via solar panels which are installed on top
of the roof. This makes it a combined heating & storage application. The building is heated by a panel heating system. It is
attached to the cable car mountain station, also in terms of property and electrical installations – thus electrical energy
demand is not counted separately.
NSGE
system type
System
usage
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
System
performance
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Borehole heat exchanger
x heating only
o cooling only
o heating & cooling
x storage
x domestic hot water
x seasonal use
o permanent use
o permanent use with seasonal
peaks
Annual demand for:
Heating: Cooling: 0
Storage: ? DHW: ?
Installation costs: unknown
Amortization: unknown
(motivation for the installation
was not amortization time, rather
innovation / ecologic motivation)
Energy efficiency rating of the
building: 12 kWh/(m²*a)
Overall length of installed pipes:
about 840 m
Length / area of collector: 7 wells x
max. 120 m depth (simplex probe
DN 40, Ø 32 mm)
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): 5 m
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 47 kW (AHWP
5000 S Geosol HP)
Annual HP working hours:
Annual energy consumption of the
HP: el. nominal consumption 10.9
kW
Completion/backfilling material in
BHE´s): concrete – bentonite
suspension
Geological region: Eastern Alpine
Crystalline rocks (Ötztal –
Bundschuh nappe system)
Rough description of bedrock:
About 1 m of soil, underneath
gneiss- and micashists
Peak load: unknown
Additional non-NSGE installations:
34 m² solar collectors (steep angle
due to architecture) for
regeneration of the underground
in low- and off-season
Possible integration with other
energy sources: no
Volume or area to be climatized:
about 560 m²
Running costs/year: about 500 €
(maintenance) + ? € (see “descr. of
the installation”) electrical energy
Reduction of heating power costs:
new building, passive house
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): new building
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Area of activation for storage:
about 200 m²
Volume of activation for storage:
about 20.000 m³
Flow rate per well/borehole:
about 10 m³/h
HP outlet temperature on building
side:
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 100 %
Increase of RES share: 100 %
Reduction of primary energy
consumption: 100 %
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: Glycol based (“Powercool”
by Thermo Chema)
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: about 2.5 W/mK
Avg. ground temp.: -3 °C
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R407C
Flow- and return flow temp.: -3 °C
/ -9 °C
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE: about 50
W/m
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): low efficiency! < 2
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity:
9
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Country: France
Region: Rhône-Alpes, 74
Commune: Metz-Tessy
Altitude: 461 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 10.0 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: no data
Time of implementation: 2012-2016
A HP and 15 BHE to heat 2000 m² of collective housing.
Description of installation: The SNC CPGEDIM SAVOIE LEMAN company uses a HP connected to 15 100 m deep BHE to heat
and cool (free-cooling) 2000 m² of collective housing. Due to geological conditions (clay and silt) the amount of available
underground water is limited. A close-loop solution has therefore been chosen. On the 1st year of exploitation, Monitored
installation SPF is 5.33.
Data collected with the courtesy of ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), Regional Direction of
Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne.
NSGE
Borehole heat exchanger
system type
System
o heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
usage
o cooling only
x permanent use
Electrical heater. Power = 36 kW
x heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
(rarely used)
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources: none
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Design values :
Heating: 138.5 MWh
Cooling: 13.5 MWh (geocooling)
Storage: 0 kWh] DHW: 0 kWh
Installation costs: (see below)
Peak load:
Amortization: 1 year (see below)
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Reduction of heating power costs:
[% or €/a]
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): [€]
Overall length of installed pipes:
15 BHE, each 100 m deep
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): no
data
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Flow rate per well/borehole: no
data
HP performance has been
monitored from Mai 2013 to April
2014 (1st year of operation).
Area = 2000 m²
Running costs/year: (see below)
Length / area of collector: BHE
equipped with double-U, so 6.000
m of pipes
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP):
Volume or area to be climatized:
not known.
Calorific power = 84.5 kW with
COP =4.07 at condenser
temperature 35.0 / 45.0 °C.
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 5 t CO 2 /y
Increase of RES share: no data
Reduction of primary
energy consumption: no data
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE: 48 W/m
141.06 MWh of heating was
delivered to the building. Cooling
is negligible (0.35 MWh).
The installation SPF was
monitored to 5.33
Model DYNACIAT ILG 300V R410A
with 2 scroll compressors.
Annual HP working hours: [h]
Annual energy consumption of the
HP: [kWh/a]
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
BHE´s: Küchler K-Injekt-Therm
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water + glycol
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region:
Rough description of bedrock:
- 0-20m: silt+gravel
- 20-24 m: silt+clay
- 24-50 m: gravel+sand
-50-100 m: silt+clay+some gravels
Ground specifics
A TRT has been performed, with
the following interpretation:
- soil Thermal conductivity = 1.71
W/K/m
- Avg. ground temp.: 13.2 °C
- BHE resistance = 0.10 K.m/W
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R410A
10
Details for Installation costs:
The geothermal installation was compared to a reference solution, made of a gas boiler for heating and an air/water
HP for cooling. Below are the investment costs (tax excluded) for both solutions:
Heating production
Cooling production
BHE, etc.
Monitoring system
Design
Distribution
Geothermal
Solution
55 436.00 €
0.00 €
90 000.00 €
7 000.00 €
4 800.00 €
204 903.00 €
Reference
Solution
15 790.00 €
17 977.00 €
TOTAL
362 139.00 €
250 170.00 €
7 000.00 €
4 500.00 €
204 903.00 €
The annual running costs was estimated to be 3.3 k€ for the geothermal solution against 7.9 k€ for the reference
solution. Without any subsidy the payback time would have been 31 years. The ADEME granted 144 k€ reducing the
payback time to 1 year.
11
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Monastry of Ganagobie
Country: France
Region: PACA, Ganagobie (04)
Altitude: 650 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 12.4 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: not known
Time of implementation: 2012 - now
A ground-sourced heat pump to heat an historical monastery. Data collected with the courtesy of AFPG and CIAT.
Description of installation: In order to save fossil fuels, the Monastery of Ganagobie, located between Sisteron and Manosque,
was equipped with a ground-source heat pump associated with a heating floor in 2012. 1.000 m² including the dining room,
kitchen, hall and church, are heated thanks to borehole heat exchangers that ensure 50 kW of heating. The former propane
boiler is solicited as a backup.
NSGE system
Borehole heat exchanger
type
System usage x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
propane boiler
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Annual demand for:
Heating: no data Cooling: 0
Storage: 0 DHW: 0
Installation costs: estimated at
100.000 € (drilling and installation
of probes: 50 000 € HT; heat
pumps: 50 000 €)
Amortization: 8 a
Collector
details
Energy efficiency rating of the
building: no data
Overall length of installed pipes:
Length / area of collector:
9 x 100 m deep BHE
Peak load: 50 kW
Volume or area to be climatized:
1.000 m²
Running costs/year:
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Estimated annual savings:
13.000€
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): 10 m
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP):
Annual HP working hours:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
1.55 m³/h
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP):
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity:
Annual energy consumption of the
HP:
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Geological region:
Rough description of bedrock:
12
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Country: France
Region: Rhone-Alpes, 74
City : Thones
Altitude: 574 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 10.2 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: no data
Time of implementation: 2015
A heat pump on an open-loop system to heat an industrial building.
Data collected with the courtesy of ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), Regional Direction of RhôneAlpes-Auvergne. The ADEME supported the project with a founding of 22.600 €.
Description of installation: A 3.660 m² industrial building is heated by a geothermal HP. The geothermal HP was installed in 2015
to replace a gas boiler, so that to decrease energy costs. Further improvement of the insulation of the building northern façade
decreased the estimated energy consumption from 183 to 171 MWh/y. The building is heated with fan-coils. The HP condenser
outlet temperature was initially in the range 50 - 55 °C. It was lowered by a few °C; the COP appeared to increase without
affecting the comfort of building users.
NSGE system
Open loop Groundwater Heat Pump
type
System usage x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
gas boiler (power: 280 kW,
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
efficiency = 80 %) installed in 2008.
o storage
peaks
Only for backup in case HP failure
Possible integration with other
o domestic hot water
energy sources: none
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load: 116 kW (design value,
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: 171 MWh (design value)
to cover the whole heat demand
Surface = 3.660 m²
by -13 °C outside Temperature)
Monitored from 01/01/2016 to
31/12/2016 : 94.6 MWh
Economic &
Installation costs: The cost of HP +
Running costs/year:
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
ecologic key
well was 72.9 k€
Reduction of heating power costs:
reduction:
Amortization:
Increase of RES share:
facts
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
Energy efficiency rating of the
Reduction of primary energy
cooling, DHW etc.):
building:
consumption:
Collector
Distance between pumping and
Flow- and return flow temp.:
details
reinjection wells: 40 m
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP):
Annual HP working hours:
2.000 h/a
Annual energy consumption of the
HP:
Flow rate per well/borehole: 20
m³/h maximum, 7.5 m3/h on the
operation period
Monitoring from 01/01/2015 to
31/12/2015 :
- Electrical consumption = MWh
(without pumping energy).
- SPF = 3.02
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Well cemented on the upper 6 m.
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R410A
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region:
Rough description of bedrock:
0 to 1 m depth : vegetal soil
1 to 30 m depth : sand and gravels,
alluvium
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer: sand
and gravels
Thickness of aquifer: 30 m
Water level in borehole: -8 m
Groundwater temp.: 8.2 °C
Hydraulic conductivity : not
measured (no pumping test)
Boreholes depth: 30 m
13
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Parador Resort
Country: France
Region: PACA, Vence (06)
Altitude: 280 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 13.3 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: not known
Time of implementation: 2014-now
A ground-sourced heat pump to heat and cool a resort. Data collected with the courtesy of AFPG and CIAT.
Description of installation: The Parador Resort encompasses 2 villas, a common building and one chapel. The thermal energy
demand of these buildings is totally covered by the GSHP, both in heating and cooling. No backup is needed. The HP heating
and cooling powers are respectively 112 kW and 103 kW. The geothermal solution has been chosen since there it is invisible,
silent, and produces both heating and cooling with one system.
NSGE system
Borehole heat exchanger
type
System usage o heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
x heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating: [kWh] Cooling: [kWh]
Storage: [kWh] DHW: [kWh]
Installation costs: estimated at
100.000 € (drilling and installation
of probes: 50.000 € HT; heat
pumps: 50.000 €)
Peak load: 50 kW
Volume or area to be climatized:
1.000 m²
Running costs/year:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Amortization: 8 a
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): Estimated
annual savings: 13.000 €.
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Overall length of installed pipes:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): 10 m
Length / area of collector:
9 x 100 m deep BHE
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP):
Annual HP working hours:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
1.55 m³/h
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP):
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Annual energy consumption of the
HP:
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region:
Rough description of bedrock:
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity:
14
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Country: France
Region: Rhône-Alpes, 42
Commune: La Talaudière
Altitude: 507 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 10.1 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: data not available
Time of implementation: 2011
Heating of an industrial building through HP on 10 BHE 100 m deep
Data collected with the courtesy of ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency), Regional Direction of
Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne.
Description of installation: The SAIB Connectique company designs and makes electronics devices. In 2010 they built their new
2039 m² factory. Geothermal energy was chosen. A 58 kW HP is connected to 10 100 m deep BHE. Offices are heated by a
heating floor, while fan-coils are used for workshops. From June 2013 to June 2014, 55.6 MWh of heating have been produced
by the HP, with a performance factor of 3.56. The project has been financially supported by the ADEME, with the objective of
reducing the system amortization from 16 y to 6.5 y. Compared to a gas boiler, the yearly economy by the geothermal
installation is estimated to be 3.9 k€.
NSGE
BHE field
system type
System
x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
usage
o cooling only
x permanent use
none
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources: none
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Design values :
Heating: 25 MWh Cooling: 0 kWh
Storage: 0 kWh DHW: 0 kWh
Monitored values from
18/06/2013 to 18/06/2014 :
Heating: 55.55 MWh
Installation costs: 242 k€
Peak load: 25 kW (design value,
not monitored). The HP peak load
is 58.3 kW.
Volume or area to be climatized:
not known.
Running costs/year:
Amortization: planned: 6.5 y with
subsidy, would have been 16 y
without subsidy. See below
Reduction of heating power costs:
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 5 t CO 2 /y
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Overall length of installed pipes:
12 BHE, 100 m deep
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): estimation
compared to a boiler: 3.928 €/a
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Length / area of collector: BHE
equipped with double-U, so 4800
m of pipes
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 58.3 kW. Model
Dynaciat 240V serie LG (2
compressors)
Area = 2.039 m²
Increase of RES share: no data
Reduction of primary
energy consumption: no data
Flow- and return flow temp.:
0 / -3 °C
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE: 57 W/m
Flow rate per well/borehole:
Monitored SPF from 18/06/2013
to 18/06/2014:
- SPF in heating = 3.56
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R410A
Annual HP working hours:
Energy consumption of the HP/a:
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
BHE´s): Füllbinder EWM
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water+glycol
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region: no data
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: no data
Avg. ground temp.: no data
Nota: A TRT has been performed
Rough description of bedrock: no
data
15
Details for Installation costs:
Trenches
Boiler room
Heating production
Network
BHE field
Design
Cost (duty free)
90 000.00 €
22 346.00 €
22 000.00 €
36 366.00 €
50 500.00 €
21 000.00 €
TOTAL
242 212.00 €
Nota:
-
The total installation cost of a boiler was estimated to be 176.432 €. The overcost of the geothermal
installation was 56.381 €. The ADEME founded 72 % of this (40.255 €).
16
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Lido Benediktbeuern
Country: Germany
Region: Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen
Altitude: 617 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 8.2 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 3910 K·day with a
base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C (VDI 2067)
Time of implementation: 2011
The old drinking water springs of the municipality Benediktbeuern are used to heat the open-air pool.
Description of installation: Sine 2011 a heat pump (HP) replaced the oil heating, which consumed 44.000L fuel oil per season.
The HP has a total heating capacity of 160kW and uses the water from a springs at the mountain side. Previously the springs
provided drinking water for the municipality, but because of contamination problems they had to be abandoned, leaving the
pipeline and the water unused.
NSGE system
Geothermal use of spring water
type
System usage x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
oil heating
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
o domestic hot water
Demand
Annual demand for:
Heating: 330.000 kWh
Peak load: 149 kW
Volume or area to be climatized:
Pool with 1100 m³ water
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Installation costs:
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Running costs/year: 60.000 kWh
(HP) = 11.000 €
Reduction of heating power costs:
5.500 €/a at 50 €/100L
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 56 t/a, 60 %
Increase of RES share: 100? %
Reduction of primary energy
consumption: 75 %
Catchment of spring:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Three springs at 950 m a.s.l. are
located at a aquitard layer (till)
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
5 – 12 °C
Collector
details
Amortization:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 149 kW
Flow rate springs: 5 - 8 l/s
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 5.5
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer: 10 – 50 m
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.: 5 - 8 °C
Hydraulic conductivity:
Combitherm HWW 2/400 R134e
Annual HP working hours: 1.600 h
Annual energy consumption of
the HP: 60.000 kWh/a
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Geological region: Northern
Limestone Alps and Flysch
Rough description of bedrock:
Würm-glacial sediments (sandysilty gravel), above clay-silt layers
(till)
17
18
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
GROB-WERKE Mindelheim
Country: Germany
Region: Unterallgäu
Altitude: 608 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 8.2° C
Time of implementation: 1983/2012
Description of installation: The machinery at this site produces heat during operation, which has to be dissipated. This is done
by thermal groundwater use from 9 wells distributed all over the site of the company. Groundwater is available in sufficient
quality and quantity and near to surface to achieve high efficiency. The use of groundwater for heating office buildings and
further cooling system are also foreseen.
NSGE system
type
System usage
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Groundwater heat pump
o heating only
o cooling only
x heating & cooling
o storage
o domestic hot water
o seasonal use
x permanent use
o permanent use with seasonal
peaks
Annual demand for:
Heating: Cooling:
Storage: DHW:
Installation costs:
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
200.000 m²
Running costs/year:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 2.000 t/a
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
between 3 and 10 °C
Amortization:
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
8 wells with 10 to 40 m spacing
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 140 kW
Annual HP working hours:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
15-158 m³/h
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material
in wells:
gravel
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: groundwater
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): water
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region: Prealps
Ground specifics
Avg. ground temp.: 10 °C
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer: Pore
aquifer, gravel filled valley
Thickness of aquifer: 6 - 8 m
Water level in borehole:
3-9m
Groundwater temp.: 10 °C
Hydraulic conductivity
1,5 *10^-2 m/s
Rough description of bedrock:
coarse grained Quaternary
sediments
Note: Monitoring data is available
19
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Kranzberg
Country: Germany
Region: Tertiäres Hügelland
Altitude: 490 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 10 ° C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: no data
Time of implementation: 2015
Five GeoKOAX borehole heat exchangers are used for heating and cooling of a house in Kranzberg.
Description of installation: Sine 2016 a heat pump (HP) replaced the oil heating, which had a heat output of 28 kW. The HP
has a total heating capacity of 60 kW. It is connected to five borehole heat exchangers with a depth of 47 m each.
NSGE system
Borehole heat exchanger (PV enhanced)
type
System usage o heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
x permanent use
none
Possible integration with other
x heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
energy sources: solar energy via
o storage
peaks
photovoltaik
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Annual demand for:
Heating: 25.492 kWh
Installation costs:
Amortization:
Energy efficiency rating of the
building: 29 kWh/(m²*a)
Collector
details
System
performance
Peak load: 149 kW
Running costs/year: 60.000 kWh
(HP) = 11.000 €
Reduction of heating power costs:
5.500 €/a at 50 €/100 l
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Overall length of installed pipes:
(47x2) x 5 = 470 m
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Length of collector: 5 x 47 m
geocoax BHE
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 7,2 – 20,1 kW
ca. 5 m
Flow rate: 1,5 – 2,5 m³/h
Heliotherm HP20S-M-WEB
Annual HP working hours: 1.600 h
Volume or area to be climatized:
369,2 m²
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 56 t/a 60 %
Increase of RES share: 100? %
Reduction of primary energy
consumption: 75 %
Flow- temp.: 1 – 27 °C
Return- temp.:
-2,5 – 22,7 °C
(Minimum and maximum values
between 15.02.2016 and
27.03.2016 and between
07.07.2016 and 12.07.2016)
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 5.5
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Annual energy consumption of
the HP: 60.000 kWh/a
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
GeoSOLID 240 HS used for BHE1-3
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: Coracon GEKO AF-8
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R410A
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: 1 - 1,4 W/mK
Avg. ground temp.:
in 0,5 m depth: 11,2 °C
In 45 m depth: ca. 10 °C
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
gravel layers
Thickness of aquifer: 8 - 20 m
Water level in borehole: 40 m
Groundwater temp.: 10 °C
Hydraulic conductivity: 0,001 0,005 m/s
WE 1.4 HS used for BHE4-5
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region: Upper
Freshwater Molasses (Tertiary)
Rough description of bedrock:
sandy gravel with layers of silt and
sand in between
Note: monitoring data, thermal load curves, technical schemes are available
20
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Settlement Ludwigshöhe, Kempten
Country: Germany
Region: Stadt Kempten
Altitude: 607 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 7.6° C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: 4108
K·day (10-year avg.) with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20°C
(VDI 2067)
Time of implementation:
Borehole Heat Exchanger Array for 22 accommodation units
Description of installation: At Kempten, Bavaria 72 double-U BHE with 150 m depth each are installed for the heating of 22
accommodation units. A detailed FE-model was validated with depth-related temperature measurements at two locations:
first, at the groundwater monitoring well, to record the impact of BHEs operation and second, at the groundwater monitoring
well, to record the impact of BHEs operation.
NSGE system
Borehole Heat Exchanger
type
System usage
x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE
o cooling only
o permanent use
installations:
o heating & cooling
x permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating: Cooling:
Storage: DHW:
Installation costs:
Amortization:
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Overall length of installed pipes:
(150 x 4) x 72 = 43.200 m
Length of collector: 72 x 150 m
double U BHE
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 140 kW
Peak load:
Volume or area to be
climatized: 1.100 m²
Running costs/year: 4.300 €
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
Avg. coefficient of
performance (COP):
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Annual HP working hours:
Annual energy consumption of the
HP:
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes): grouting
from Schenk AG with thermal
conductivity of ca. 2 W(m∙K)
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: Ethylene glycol
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region:
Rough description of bedrock:
Lower Triassic sedimentary basin
consist of alternating sandstones,
mudstones and marlstones with
calcareous cement.
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: 2.5 W/(m∙K) – 3.1
W/(m∙K)
Avg. ground temp.: 9.3 °C
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.: Hydraulic
conductivity:
21
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Heated railway switch Oberstaufen
Country: Germany
Region: Oberallgäu
Altitude: 790 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 6.8° C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: 4108 K·day
(10-year avg.) with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20°C (VDI 2067)
Time of implementation: Oct. 2016
Two equivalent systems of one railway switch pair each with geothermal heating from a GSHP at the railroad crossing
Kalzhofer Street, Oberstaufen and at the tunnel entrance, Rainwaldstreet 10, Oberstaufen.
Caution: Some of the following numbers refer to both systems.
Description of installation: Four snow and ice free railroad switches with GSHP heating. Normally electric heating panels are
attached to a switch to keep it ice free during winter, but Triple-S invented a system for passive or active heating via HP with a
specially designed heat exchanger. Enhanced to the two systems is a weather station at each location, which monitors the
relevant atmospheric parameter to anticipate the correct heat demand.
NSGE system
Borehole Heat Exchanger
type
System usage x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
NO
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
System
performance
Annual demand for:
Heating: 26.720 kWh for both
systems
Installation costs:
238.000 € for both systems
Amortization:
Not calculated
Overall length of installed pipes:
4 x 4 x 5 0m = 800 m at crossing
1 x 4 x 99 m + 2 x 4 x 6 0m = 876
m at tunnel
Length / of collector: 4 x 50 m
(double-U BHE) at crossing
1 x 99 m + 2 x 60 m (double-U
BHE) at tunnel
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP):
22,5 kW at S0/W35 at ΔT 10K
Annual HP working hours:
60 – 800 h depending on winter
Peak load: 33,4 kW for both
systems
Volume or area to be climatized:
two railroad switches
Running costs/year:
15.000 €/a with 0,56 €/kWh for
both systems
Reduction of heating power costs:
70 - 75 % (Theoretical value,
because systems don’t replace an
old electrical heating)
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share: 100 %
Reduction of primary energy
consumption: 70 - 75 %
7 m at crossing, 6 m at tunnel
Flow rate per borehole:
2,6 m³/h heat pump
0,65 m³/h per BHE
Annual energy consumption of
the HP: 8,3 kW 500 - 6.640 kWh/a
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
BHE´s: ThermoCem Plus
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: 70% Water und 30% Glykol
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region:
Allgäuer Molasse Vorberge
Rough description of bedrock:
sandy gravel, few silt layers <2m
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: TRT with pure water:
2,2 W/mK
Avg. ground temp.: 10,7 °C
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity for
BHE:
56,7 W/m
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP):
4,3 S0/W35 at ΔT 10K
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Highly weather dependent, see
working hours of HP!
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R407C (4,78 kg with
30 bar)
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
porous gravel aquifer
Thickness of aquifer: unknown
Water level in borehole: 12,6 m
Groundwater temp.: 10,7 °C
22
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Heated railway switches Oberstdorf
Country: Germany
Region: Oberallgäu
Altitude: 813 m
Avg. annual outside temperature:
Ø Max.Tem.: 12,4
Ø Min.Tem.: 1,7
Avg. annual heating degree days: designed for 1800 operating
hours per year. The rail temperature to be reached is 7.0°C
Time of implementation: Nov. 2016
In Oberstdorf 20 railroad switch will be heated with near surface geothermal energy. All switches will be heated from a
Borehole heat exchanger field with 20 heat exchangers, each 43 m long. The control and regulation technology is stored in a
single station together with two heat pumps (see photo above) at Bahnhofsstraße 14 in Oberstdorf.
Description of installation: 20 snow and ice free railroad switches with GSHP (GeoKOAX heat exchanger) heating. Normally
electric heating panels are attached to a switch to keep it ice free during winter, but Triple-S invented a system for passive or
active heating via HP with a specially designed heat exchanger. Enhanced to the system is a weather, which monitors the
relevant atmospheric parameter to anticipate the correct heat demand.
NSGE system
Borehole Heat Exchanger GeoKOAX
type
System usage x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
NO
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for Heating:
No information available yet
Installation costs:
560.000 €
Amortization:
Not calculated
Overall length of installed pipes:
DUO pipe 1.147 m
Length of collector: 20 x 43 m
geoKoax
System
performance
Power consumption of the heat
pump: 21 kW
Running costs/year:
8366,4 €/a with 0,56 €/kWh for
both systems
Reduction of heating power costs:
70 - 75 %
Theoretical value, because
systems don’t replace the old
butane gas heating
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
6m
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP):
Flow rate per borehole:
2 x 45 kW (2x 2SW300)
22 m³/h both
Annual HP working hours:
60 – 900 h depending on winter
11 m³/h per heat pump
1,1 m³/h per BHE
Annual energy consumption of
the HP: 2 x 10,5 kW 1.260 –
18.900 kWh/a
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
BHE´s: Schwenk Füllbinder EWM
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: 70 % Water und 30 % Glykol
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region:
Allgäuer Alpen, Holocene to
quaternary fluviatile
Rough description of bedrock:
gravel, few sandy gravel layers
<2m
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: no TRT
Avg. ground temp.:
Volume or area to be climatized:
twenty railroad switches
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 70 - 75 %
Increase of RES share:
100 %
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
70 - 75 %
Flow- and return flow temp.:
data will arrive in Mai 2017
Specific abstraction capacity for
BHE: 1,4 – 1,6 W/(m*K)
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 4,3 S0/W35 at ΔT 10K
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Highly weather dependent, see
working hours of HP!
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R407C (4,78 kg with
30 bar)
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
porous gravel aquifer
Thickness of aquifer: unknown
Water level in borehole: 26,20 m
Groundwater temp.:
23
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Bar-Restaurant “Pit-Stop”
Country: Italy
Region: Valle d’Aosta
Altitude: 2400 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 2° C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 4524 K·day
with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20°C
Time of implementation: November 2014
The GSHP plant at highest altitude in Europe is used to meet the energy demand of a bar-restaurant in winter days.
Description of installation: The bar & restaurant “Pit Stop” on the Pancheron ski track in Cervinia (Aosta) is heated by a shallow
geothermal system designed and built by GEONOVIS. A 60 kW heat pump is connected to 6 Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs).
Large heat storage tanks are installed for the peak shaving of thermal loads. Heat extraction from the ground is reduced through
the recovery of heat from the kitchen wastewaters, and through the recharge with solar thermal collectors during summer.
NSGE system
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) with Vertical Heat Collectors (BHE)
type
System
x heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
usage
o cooling only
o permanent use
solar thermal system, waste water
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
heat recovery system
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources: x domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating: 80 MWh/y
DHW: 20 MWh/y
Installation costs: 120.000 €
Amortization: 7-10 y
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Peak load: 56 kW
Volume or area to be climatized:
1.600 m3
Running costs/year:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Overall length of installed pipes:
1.200 m
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): 12 m
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Length / area of collector:
Volume of activation for storage:
6 x 200 m
System
performance
Area of activation for storage:
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 60 kW
Flow rate per well/borehole:
Annual HP working hours: 1200 h
HP outlet temperature on building
side:
Annual energy consumption of the
HP: 21 MWh/y
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 4.3
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
HakaGerodur probes 2x40 PE
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water/glycol mixture (35%
glycol)
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region: Pennine Alps,
Cervino/Matterhorn
Ground specifics:
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics:
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity:
Rough description of bedrock:
gravel-sand matrix with polygenic
rocks. Metamorphic cracks at 50 60 m depth. Water infiltrations
during perforations at 40 - 50 m
depth.
24
Plant layout
25
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Chaberton residence
Country: Italy
Region: Claviere
Altitude: 1760 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 4.5° C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 4.994 K·day
with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C
Time of implementation: October 2014
The Chaberton residence is heated by a ground source heat pump which produces also DHW for users.
Description of installation: A GSHP provides heating and DHW for a block of apartments used as a second home for the holidays.
A fractured dolomite aquifer was intercepted by Borehole Heat Exchangers, with very high groundwater flow velocities.
The ground is therefore characterized by an outstanding thermal exchange capacity, which allowed for a significant saving in
drilling expenses and a very high COP of the heat pump.
NSGE system
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) with Vertical Heat Collectors (BHE)
type
System usage
x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
none
Possible integration with other
o heating & cooling
x permanent use with seasonal
energy sources: 2 x 27 kW oil
o storage
peaks
burners ELCO STRATO 26
x domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating: 90.7MWh/y
DHW: 22.7 MWh/y
Energy efficiency rating of the
building: A Class (<30 kWh/m²/y)
Installation costs: 99.000 €
+ 65.000 € for BHE drilling and
installing
Energy efficiency rating of the
building: 30 kWh/m²/y
Overall length of installed pipes:
850 m
Peak load: 68 kW at -17 °C
Volume or area to be climatized:
3 floors, 27 apartments, 2.300 m2
heated with radiating floor panels
at low temperature
Running costs/year: 9.600 €/y
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): 15 m²
Length of collector: 5 x 170 m
System
performance
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 2 x 21 kW HPs in
cascade, integrated by oil burners.
Annual HP working hours: 1.949 h
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat collectors/
BHE´s/pipes): Grout thermoplast
Laviosa
Geological region: Western Alpes Monviso/Monginevro
Rough description of bedrock: pale
white-yellow dolostones with fine
granulometry and saccharoids
present in large banks with shallow
clayish interpositions, laying on a
level of compact crystalline
limestone located at 150 m
Flow rate per borehole:
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water/glycol mixture (25%
propylene glycol)
Ground specifics:
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: 2.77 W/m/K
Avg. ground temp.: 10 °C
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 4.6 for heating, 3.2 for DHW
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF): 14.8
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R407
Aquifer specifics:
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity: Highvelocity gw flow : 7.6E-5 m/s
BHE thermal resistance : 0.104
mK/W
Notes:
•
•
•
DHW boilers and storage volume: 2 x 1000 l. If the setpoint for DHW (50-55°C) is not achieved by HPs, oil burners start.
Error between energy actually provided by the HP and design value < 1%
Energy demand covered by the HP: 78.0% heating, 50.3% DHW
26
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Geothermal System in Croviana (Val di Sole)
Country: Italy
Region: Trentino Alto Adige
Altitude: 1400 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 9.3 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 3516 K·day
with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C
Time of implementation: December 2014
A geothermal plant to power the new bus and train garage in Croviana, a small municipality of Valle di Sole.
Description of installation: Trentino Trasporti S.p.a built a plant that combine the shallow geothermal plant with a photovoltaic
system to cover the heating and cooling demand of a bus and train garage in Croviana (Trentino). The geothermal plant peak
powers are: about 200 kW thermal for heating in winter, about 100 KW refrigerators for summer cooling as free-cooling and
about 200 KW of photovoltaic array. The geothermal field consists of 39 PE-Xa probes, each of a depth of 130m, for a total length
of 5.070 m. The carrier heat fluid is a mix of water and glycol, with no major impact on the soil in case of leaking. The geothermal
system consists of two geothermal heat pumps, which produce hot water for the floor based heating system and for domestic
uses (with a dedicated isolated thermal storage). The geothermal field allows also to cool the building thanks to the employment
of a heat exchanger. The first meters of connection pipes of the geothermal probe field have been properly insulated in order to
avoid the thermal impact on the biotic layer of the soil. The exchange of geothermal energy takes place in depth, in a closed
circuit and is accomplished without extraction or reintroduction of fluids in the soil nor on the surface.
NSGE system
Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) with Vertical Heat Collectors (BHE)
type
System usage o heating only
x seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
photovoltaic system
x heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources:
x domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
System
performance
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Annual demand for:
Heating: 760 MWh/y
Cooling, DHW: unknown
Installation costs: ~1.1 M€
(geothermal probes: ~300 k€,
underfloor heating system: ~290
k€, photovoltaic system: ~480 k€)
Amortization: <12 y
Energy efficiency rating of the
building: 133 kWh/m²/y
Overall length of installed pipes:
5.070 m
Length / area of collector:
39 x 130 m
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 200 kW
Annual HP working hours:
Annual energy consumption of the
HP: 200 MWh/y
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes:
Geological region:
Rough description of bedrock:
Peak load: 200 kW
Volume or area to be climatized:
5.700 m3
Running costs/year:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
HP outlet temperature on building
side:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water/glycol mixture
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Ground specifics:
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Aquifer specifics: No aquifer
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 3.8
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF): 13
27
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Maison Lostan
Country: Italy
Region: Aosta Valley – Aosta town
Altitude: 550 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 10 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 2850 K·day
with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C
Time of implementation: April 2017
Located in the historical center of Aosta, the building has been restored by the regional administration with the purpose of
allocating the new headquarters of the Superintendence of Cultural Heritage
Description of installation: A first proposal was to construct a plant with a geothermal source of the type “closed” by adopting
geothermal probes that reached a depth of 150 - 200 m – the procedure being simultaneously controlled through a continuous
archaeologic monitoring. An "open loop" solution has been finally preferred, because of the several issues arisen related to the
construction procedure and the specific historical context. At last, the decision has been to drill two withdrawal wells - one
alternative to the other – 55 m deep. Reinjection occurs in a close drain since groundwater reinjection is currently forbidden in
the Aosta Valley region.
NSGE system
Ground water heat pump
type
System usage o heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
x permanent use
No
x heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
o domestic hot water
energy sources: No
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load: 300 kW (thermal load)
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: 300.000 kWh
3.650 m²
Cooling: 50.000 kWh
Economic &
Installation costs: 3.166.000 €
Running costs/year: 13.300 €
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
(total
cost
of
electrical
and
ecologic key
(energy for heating)
reduction: N.a.
mechanical systems); of which
facts
Increase of RES share: N.a.
Reduction of heating power costs:
1.300.000 €, just HVAC system
Reduction of primary energy
N.a.
Amortization: N.a. (there was no
consumption: N.a.
HVAC system in the building before
this installation)
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
Energy efficiency rating of the
cooling, DHW etc.): N.a.
building: 41.7 kWh/(m²*a)
(primary energy for heating)
Collector
Overall length of installed pipes:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs): N.a.
Flow- and return flow temp.: 11 –
70 m (just suction, reinjection in a
details
Distance between pumping and
7 °C (temperature of the water
close drain)
reinjection wells: N.a.
source in heating mode)
Length / area of collector: N.a.
Area of activation for storage: N.a. Specific abstraction capacity /
Volume of activation for storage:
cooling capacity for BHE: N.a.
System
Heat pump (HP) rated power
Flow rate per well/borehole:
Avg. coefficient of performance
performance
(capacity of HP): 448 kW (heating)
70 m³/h
(COP): 3.84
HP
outlet
temperature
on
building
Annual HP working hours: 4.392 h
side:
(conventional heating season)
Seasonal performance factor of
Annual energy consumption of the
heat pump (HSPF): 13
HP: 78.125 kWh/a (electricity for
heating)
Materials
Completion/backfilling material in
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
Heat pump working fluids
fluid: water
(refrigerant): R410A
used
ground heat collectors/pipes/etc:
Geological &
Geological region: metamorphic
Ground specifics:
Aquifer specifics:
rocks
Thermal conductivity of the soils
hydrological
Rough description of aquifer:
Rough description of bedrock:
and rocks: 1÷2.5 W/mK
specifics
alluvial; Thickness of aquifer:100m;
Quaternary sediments
Avg. ground temp.: 12°C
Water level in borehole: 25 m
Groundwater temp.: 12°C
Hydraulic conductivity: 10-4m/s
28
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Palazzo Lombardia
Country: Italy
Region: Milano
Altitude: 120 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 12° C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 2404 K·day
with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20°C
Time of implementation: July 2010
The largest building in the world fully heated and cooled by means only of geothermal sources, represented by ground water with
the utilization of heat pumps.
Description of installation: The complex named “Palazzo Lombardia” in Milan is the new headquarters of Region Lombardia,
which was completed in July 2010. The complex includes the offices of the regional administration, an auditorium, restaurants
and supermarkets. Since the area of the town is characterized by a very productive aquifer at a depth comprised between 20 and
50 m, with a temperature of about 15°C, a Ground Water Heat Pump (GWHP) system with 3 Heat Pumps was installed for
heating and cooling purposes. Heat pump are able to fully meet the winter heating load and therefore the conventional boilers
installed will act only as reserve units in case of exceptional heating demand. Water is discharged in a surface ditch after the heat
exchange. Heat distribution systems consist of chilled beams and air handling unit heat exchangers circuits, the delivery and
return temperatures are respectively 48/40 ° C. The chilled water production for summer air conditioning, in addition to heat
pumps, is obtained by other water cooled chillers.
NSGE system
Ground Water Heat Pump system - GWHP
type
System usage
o heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE
o cooling only
x permanent use
installations: photovoltaic array
x heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
– 2000 m2
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
energy sources: none
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating:
Cooling:
Installation costs:
Amortization:
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Heating peak load: 6.3 MW
Cooling peak load: 13 MW
Area to be climatized:
140.000 m²
Running costs/year:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Overall length of installed pipes:
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
400 m
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
14 - 12 °C in winter
16 - 22 °C in summer
Length of collector: 8 x 50 m
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 3 x 2150 kW
Annual HP working hours:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
144 m³/h
Annual energy consumption of the
HP:
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Completion/backfilling material in
wells:
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
Geological region:
Po Valley – alluvial floodplain
Rough description of bedrock:
gravel-sand Quaternary sediments
Ground specifics:
Thermal conductivity of the soils and
rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP):
4.5 heating
6.0 cooling
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF):
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Aquifer specifics:
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer: 30 m
Water level in borehole:
Groundwater temp.: 15 °C
Hydraulic conductivity:
29
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Ice Rink ‘Pala Vuerich’
Country: Italy
Region: Pontebba
Altitude: 570 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 9° C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 3627 K·day
with a reference temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C
Time of implementation: July 2013
An open-loop Ground Water Heat Pump (GWHP) plant is used to produce cooling to maintain the ice rink and heating for locker
rooms of the building.
Description of installation: The obsolescent refrigeration system of the ice rink has been replaced with two ammonia GWHPs after the ban of R22 refrigerant within the EU countries. High-efficiency ground water heat pumps were installed. The main aim of
the project was to reduce the energy consumption to produce and maintain the ice for the rink, reducing at the same time the
CO 2 emissions and increasing the overall reliability of the plant. The system exchanges heat with ground water flow abstracted
from 2 wells at 32 m depth; the water is then reinjected in the same unconfined aquifer through a single well located 180 m
downstream near the building. The system provides cooling for the ice rink and hot water (30-40 °C) for space heating.
NSGE system
type
System
Ground Water Heat Pump - GWHP
o heating only
o cooling only
x heating & cooling
o storage
o domestic hot water
x seasonal use
o permanent use
o permanent use with seasonal
peaks
Demand
Annual demand for cooling:
750 MWh/y
Peak load:
Heating: 720 kW
Cooling: 640 kW
Area to be climatized:
Ice rink: 60 x 30 m
Lockers room: 120 m²
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Installation costs: 780.000 €
Running costs/year: 60.000 €/y
Reduction of heating power costs:
40 %
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): 40 %
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2 reduction: 244 t/y
Reduction of primary energy consumption: -40% power consumption and -40% methane
Collector
details
Abstraction wells depth: 2 x 32 m
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells: 180 m
Flow and return flow temp.:
8/11 °C
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power (capacity of HP): 720 kW
Flow rate per well: max. 130 m³/h
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 5
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF): 6
Heat pump working fluids (refrigerant): R717
usage
Amortization: < 10 y (incentives excluded)
Reinjection well depth: 1 x 30 m
Annual energy consumption of the
HP(no auxiliaries): 150.000 kWh/y
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat collectors/
BHE´s/pipes: Wells casing is steel
zinc-coated, indoor distribution
pipes are insulated stainless steel
and the ice rink piping is HDPE. Upper 6 m of the wells casing is cemented, piezometers and wellheads are completed with manholes and inspection chambers.
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water/glycol mixture
Geological &
Geological region:
Ground specifics:
Additional non-NSGE installations:
none
Possible integration with other energy sources: none
Aquifer specifics:
30
hydrological
specifics
NE Alpine Range, Fella river valley.
Thermal conductivity of the soils
Rough description of bedrock:
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Mesozoic limestones and sandstones outcropping on the valley
flanks. The valley is filled by fluvioglacial sediments with a thickness of
up to about 100 m. The production
wells are very close to the eastern
flank of the valley and reach almost
the bedrock.
The unconfined aquifer is composed by gravels and sandy gravels
up to 100 m in thickness fed by the
Fella river base flow. A few silty
lenses are also imbedded.
Water level in boreholes is 3-6 m
from ground level depending upon
the hydraulic regime in the near
river
Groundwater temp.: 8-10 °C
Hydraulic conductivity:
~5 x 10-3 m/s
31
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Municipal and Registry Office Buildings
Country: Italy
Region: Lombardia
Altitude: 120 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 13 °C
Avg. annual heating / cooling degree days: 2251 K·day ±
200 Kday with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20°C
Time of implementation: 2010
A centralized system based on two heat pumps on an open-loop system is used for the heating, cooling and the DHW of the two
buildings. The data was collected with the courtesy of Directorate of Energy Environment and Sustainable Development (Regione
Lombardia).
Description of installation: The installation is based on a centralized system that is constituted by 2 heat pumps that are located
within a technical room sited next to one of the two buildings. Each building has its own unit for the heating and cooling
distribution. The geothermal system is constituted by two groundwater wells located at 30 m depth. Each well is equipped with
two groundwater pumps. The heating and cooling is performed by means of both roof and floor radiant panels. The heating and
cooling system works in combination of a “Forced Air Ventilation System”. The heat pumps are powered by photovoltaic panels.
NSGE system
type
Ground Water Heat Pump system - GWHP
System usage
o heating only
o cooling only
x heating & cooling
o storage
x domestic hot water
o seasonal use
x permanent use
o permanent use with seasonal
peaks
Demand
Annual demand for:
Heating: 237.069 kWh
Cooling: 73.190 kWh Storage: DHW:
Installation costs: 534.000 €
Energy efficiency rating of the building:
registry + municipal build. = 53.61
kWh(m2*a) and 3.51 kWh/(m²*a);
library build. = 90.73 kWh(m2*a)
Overall length of installed pipes:
Peak load for:
Heating: 180 kW
Cooling: 210 kW
Running costs/year:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Length/ area of collector:
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Collector
details
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Additional non-NSGE
installations: Forced Air
Ventilation System
Possible integration with
other energy sources:
Photovoltaic Panels
Volume or area to be
climatized: 8.515 m³
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction:
Increase of RES share:
Reduction of primary energy
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power (capacity
of HP): 235 kW in heating and 245 kW in
cooling
Annual HP working hours:
Average flow rate per
well/borehole: 30.6 m³/h;
Maximum flow rate per
well/borehole: 46.8 m³/h;
Avg. coefficient of
performance (COP): 4.8
Seasonal performance factor
of heat pump (HSPF):
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant):
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks:
Avg. ground temp.:
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer: >30 m
Waterlevel in borehole:
Groundwater temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity
Annual energy consumption of the HP:
Materials
used
Geological&
hydrologicals
pecifics
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Geological region: Alluvial valley of the
Po Plain
Rough description of bedrock: alluvial
deposits
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Swimming club Gorenjska Banka Radovljica, Olympic
swimming pool
Country: Slovenia
Region: Radovljica
Altitude: 495 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 8 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 3900 K·day ± 200 Kday with a
base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C
Time of implementation: 2005
The longest horizontal collector pipelines in Slovenia are used to heat swimming pool water and DHW all year round.
Description of installation: It is the GCHP installation with the longest horizontal collectors’ system in Slovenia so far. It is used
for heating of the pool’s water and for DHW heating within the pool facility. The swimming pool is more or less in permanent
use. From September to May it is covered with a balloon. The whole year around heating of the pool’s water is ca 3000 hours,
and the equivalent full load hours of the HP operation is ca 2600 h/yr. Spacing between the pipes of 6000 m length is 0.8 m,
and the loops are 200 m long each. The amount of energy supplied per HP technology (140 kW rated power) is ca 0.2726
GWh/yr. Key words: sport facility, swimming pool, GCHP system, horizontal collectors, Ljubljana basin, Oligocene clay.
NSGE system
Horizontal heat collectors
type
System usage x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
x permanent use
gas boiler, solar collectors
Possible integration with other
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
energy sources: no
o storage
peaks
x domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic key
facts
Annual demand for:
Heating: 363,440 kWh
DHW: ca 30,000 kWh
Installation costs: 102,119.55 €
Amortization:
Energy efficiency rating of the
building:
Collector
details
Overall length of installed pipes:
6000 m
Length / area of collector: area
110 x 50 m² for horizontal
collectors]
System
performance
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 140 kW
Peak load: 40 kW
Running costs/year: 18,000 €
Reduction of heating power costs:
40% lower use of gas
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): 70%
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells:
Area of activation for storage:
2000 m²
Volume of activation for storage:
2100 m³
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
25 – 30 W/m
Flow rate per well/borehole:
25 m³/h
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 4.78
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF): 4.0
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid:
water 70%/glycol 30%
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): R407c
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: clay: 1,43 W/(m∙K);
dolomite: 4,2 W/(m∙K)
Avg. ground temp.: 9 °C
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer: [no
aquifer]
Annual HP working hours: 2596 h
-- full load hours
Annual energy consumption of
the HP: 90,860 kWh/a
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes): layer of
sand and then soil
Geological region: Southern Alps,
Ljubljana basin, Radovljica-Bled
subbasin
Rough description of bedrock:
layers of Oligocene marine clay,
possible Anisian dolomites below,
etc.
Volume or area to be climatized:
Pool with 50 x 21 x 1,5 m  [1575
m³ or 1050 m²]
Avoided CO 2 emissions / CO 2
reduction: 100 % or 99.9 t/a
Increase of RES share: 100 %
Reduction of primary energy
consumption: 80 %, at the
condition that electricity is from
hydropower plants
Flow- and return flow temp.: 2/6
°C
32
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Campsite KLIN Lepena
Country: Slovenia
Region: Soča (Lepena)
Altitude: 439 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 7.8° C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: 4100 K·day
± 200 Kday with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20 °C
Time of implementation: 2007
GWHP system is used to heat DHW all year around for the apartments and main camp object; from autumn to spring (but not
through whole winter); they have stove on wood for space heating.
Description of installation: It is the GWHP installation with a doublet of 2 wells (24 m deep, reinjection one much shallower,
and 15 m apart). The system is used for DHW all year around for the apartments and main camp building. From October to
May the heating of apartments with stove on wood (30 kW of power) is carried out, but not throughout the entire winter
since the camp does not operate during the coldest months (Nov. 1 – March 15). The restaurant is heated with a fireplace on
wood. Space heating is with boiler on heating oil (100 kW power). The HP heats the DHW up to 55°C, and it is further heated
to 75-80°C with oil boilers due to legionella problems. Heating regime is 35/12 °C, not so excellent, yet it is good. The
equivalent full load hours of the HP operation is ca 700 h/yr only. The amount of energy supplied per HP technology (30 kW
rated power) is ca 0.01423 GWh/yr. Key words: campsite facility with apartments, GWHP system, doublet wells, Southern
Alps, Soča valley region, Quaternary gravel aquifer.
NSGE system
GWHP
type
System usage x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
o cooling only
x permanent use
The boiler on heating oil (100
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
kW), wood stove (30 kW) for
o storage
peaks
apartments and a fireplace in the
x domestic hot water
restaurant
Possible integration with other
energy sources: no
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: DHW: 3 x 800 l tank
1250 m³ or 500 m²
storage on oil boiler, 500 l for
water from HP
Economic &
Installation costs:
Running costs/year: 3000 €
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
ecologic key
Amortization:
Reduction of heating power costs: reduction: 100%
Increase of RES share: 100%
facts
Energy efficiency rating of the
before they used 5500 l of oil /a
Reduction of primary energy
building:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
consumption: 100 %
cooling, DHW etc.): 60-70 %
Collector
details
Overall length of installed pipes:
System
performance
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells: 15 m
Area of activation for storage:
Volume of activation for storage:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
8/5 °C
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 30 kW
Annual HP working hours: 700 h full load hours of operation
Annual energy consumption of
the HP: 20.000 to 25.000 kWh/a
Flow rate per well/borehole:
15 m³/h
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 4.2
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF): 3.1
Materials
used
Completion/backfilling material in
wells: no
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): water
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Geological region: Southern Alps
Rough description of bedrock:
massive dolomites, reef
limestones, dachstein limestone
with layers of marl (Norian,
Rethian)
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: 2,1 – 4,6 W/(m∙K)
Avg. ground temp.: 7,5 °C
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Quaternary gravel aquifer
Thickness of aquifer: 20 m
Water level in borehole: 7 m
Groundwater temp.: 8.5 °C
Length / area of collector: an
Example could be: 5 BHE´s x 120
m double U pipe  120 * 5 * 4 =
2400 m), but this is not installed
33
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
National Interprofessional Nordic Center (DPNC)
Country: Slovenia
Region: Kranj
Altitude: 378 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 8.7° C
Avg. annual heating degree days / cooling degree days: 3700
K·day ± 200 Kday with a base temp. (indoor temp). of 20°C
Time of implementation: 2012
The GWHP system is used for the underfloor space heating and DHW heating in the Center building, in winter the thermally
utilized water is used as chilled water to produce artificial snow for the skijump facility
Description of installation: It is the GWHP installation with a doublet of 2 wells (22 m and 18 m deep, ca 40 m apart). The
system is used for DHW and space heating of the rooms and offices below the ski jump landing all year around. There is
underfloor heating for the entire building with HP energy use of groundwater, and in winter there is supplying of used chilled
water into reservoirs, from which this water is taken away for snow making. Taking into account the knowledge of the HP and
its energy performance the special pipeline was constructed 'for chilled groundwater' from the heat pump to the water tanks
during the operation of the snow cannons. For a time, when snow making does not take place, the reinjection well is in
function. The basic idea of this system is that the temp. of groundwater (avg. is 9 ° C), after the withdrawal of temp. in the HP,
is reduced by 4 °C, and with such a temp. the water tank is filled. With the favourable external temp. (suitable for snow)
water before snowmaking is further cooled to 2 °C. Due to the underfloor heating system, which requires a maximum temp.
of 30 °C, the saving of energy for heating is done, so that chilled water from the heat pump reduces the need for electricity
for the needs of water for artificial snow. The equivalent full load hours of the HP operation is ca 1800 h/yr only. The amount
of energy supplied per HP technology (50 kW rated power) is ca 0.064286 GWh/yr. Key words: skijump facility, snow making
with chilled water, GWHP system, Kranj, Quaternary alluvial gravel aquifer.
NSGE
GWHP
system type
System
x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-NSGE installations:
usage
o cooling only
x permanent use
no
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
Possible integration with other
o storage
peaks
o domestic hot water
energy sources: no
Demand
Annual demand for:
Peak load:
Volume or area to be climatized:
Heating: DHW: 500 l storage tank
1000 m2 [4000 m³ or 1000 m²]
Economic &
Installation costs:
Running costs/year:
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
ecologic key Amortization:
Reduction of heating power costs: reduction: 100%
Increase of RES share: 100%
facts
Energy efficiency rating of the
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
building:
cooling, DHW etc.)
Collector
details
System
performance
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
specifics
Overall length of installed pipes:
Length / area of collector: Ex. for 5
BHE´s x 120 m double U pipe 
120 * 5 * 4 = 2.400 m
Heat pump (HP) rated power
(capacity of HP): 50 kW
Annual HP working hours:
1800 h (full load hours)
Annual energy consumption of the
HP: 30.000 kWh/a
Completion/backfilling material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes): no
Geological region: Southern Alps
Rough description of bedrock:
black clayey schists, greywackes,
tuffites, limestone (Ladinian,
Carnian) or bedded cherty
limestones (Ladinian, Carnian,
Norianj?)
Spacing of boreholes (BHEs):
Distance between pumping and
reinjection wells: 40 m
Area of activation for storage:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
9/4 °C
Specific abstraction capacity /
cooling capacity for BHE:
Flow rate per well/borehole:
< 18 m³/h
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 3.8 (3 - 4)
Seasonal performance factor of
heat pump (HSPF): 3,5
Heat transfer media/heat carrier
fluid: water
Heat pump working fluids
(refrigerant): water
Ground specifics
Thermal conductivity of the soils
and rocks: 1,8 – 3,0 W/(m∙K)
Avg. ground temp.: 9 °C
Aquifer specifics
Rough description of aquifer:
Quaternary alluvial gravel aquifer
Thickness of aquifer: 20-30 m
Water level in borehole: 2 m
Groundwater temp.: 9 °C
34
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Holiday resort Reka Blatten-Belalp
Country: Switzerland
Region: Valais
Altitude: 1327 m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 11 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 4.175 K·day
Time of implementation: 2014
Zero Emission Project of 50 holiday flats including an indoor swimming pool.
Description of installation: Hybrid solar collectors (PTV) in combination with a BHE field acting as thermal storage (BTES) and
additionally a heat recovery from the facility waste water are installed.
BHE storage
Vertical heat exchanger field acting as thermal storage in combination with PTV
system
System usage x heating
o seasonal use
Additional non-BHE installations:
o cooling only
x permanent use
Hybrid solar collectors (PTV), heat
o heating & cooling
o permanent use with seasonal
recovery from waste water
x storage
peaks
x domestic hot water
Demand and
Gain (-)
Economic &
ecologic
factors
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating: 250’000 kWh DHW:
250’000 kWh Electricity: 200’000
kWh Swimming pool: 100’000
kWh Deficiency: 80’000 kWh
Storage: -300’000 kWh heat
restoration WW: -200’000 kWh
Water electricity: external 230’000 kWh Photovoltaic: 150’000 kWh
Installation costs:
Amortization:
Peak load: 380 kW
Volume or area to be climatized:
Reduction of heating power costs:
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.):
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 100 %
Reduction of electrical
consumption:
Flow- and return flow temp.:
Overall length of installed pipes
only BHE: 18’600 m
Spacing of wells:
Length / area of collector: 31 x
150 m [m for BHE]
Volume of activation for storage:
Area of activation for storage:
31 BHE´s x 150 m double U pipe
 150 * 31 * 4
Performance
Heat pump (HP) power:
Flow rate per well:
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP):
Heat transfer media:
Heat pump working fluids:
Thermal conductivity of the rocks:
Specific abstraction capacity:
Underground temp.:
Annual HP working hours: Energy
demand of the HP:
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
data
Completion material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
Geological region:
Rough description of bedrock:
35
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Saas-Fee
Country: Switzerland
Region: Valais
Altitude: 1792m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 8° C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 4770 K·day
Time of implementation: 2015
District heat supply for the community
Description of installation: Supply of district heat by BHE field acting as thermal storage (BTES) in combination with
photovoltaic driven air heat pump as a central unit. Decentral units (heat pumps) could be linked to the central supply system.
BHE storage
BHE field acting as thermal storage (BTES) in combination with photovoltaics supporting the air heat pump
system
System usage x heating only
o seasonal use
Additional non-BHE installations:
o cooling only
o permanent use
air heat pump, photovoltaic
o heating & cooling
x permanent use with seasonal
x storage
peaks
o domestic hot water
Demand
Economic &
ecologic
factors
Collector
details
Annual demand for:
Heating:
2.100.000 kWh
Installation costs:
4’000’000 CHF
Amortization: n/a
Overall length of installed pipes:
54.000 m
Length / area of collector: 90 x
150 m [m for BHE] (90 BHE´s x 150
m double U pipe  150*90*4)
Performance
Heat pump (HP) power: 560 kW
Peak load:
2.100.000 kWh
Volume or area to be climatized:
1.000 m²
Reduction of heating power costs:
n/a
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): n/a
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: n/a
Reduction of electrical
consumption: n/a
Spacing of wells: 6 m
Flow- and return flow temp.
difference: ca 4.0 K
Area of activation for storage:
4.000 m²
Volume of activation for storage:
600.000 m³
Flow rate per well: 1.2 m³/h
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 10
Annual HP working hours:
2.400 h
Energy demand of the HP-System:
1.500.000 kWh/a
Materials
used
Completion material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes):
n/a
Heat transfer media:
water-glycol mixture 35%
Heat pump working fluids:
ammonia heat-pump
primary: water-glycol mixture
secondary: water
Geological &
hydrological
data (not
relevant)
Geological region: Monte Rosa,
Bernhard nappe complex
Rough description of bedrock:
n/a
Thermal conductivity of the rocks:
3.3 W/mK
Specific abstraction capacity:
35 W/m
Underground temp.: 10 °C
Hydraulic conductivity n/a
36
BEST PRACTICE EXAMPLE
Tunnel Great-St-Bernard
Country: Switzerland/Italy
Region: Valais
Altitude: 1850m
Avg. annual outside temperature: 8 °C
Avg. annual heating degree days: 4770 K·day
Time of implementation: 1999
Heat collector inside the tunnel is used to heat new administrative building on the north portal
Description of installation: Heat extraction from the tunnel air placed 1500 m inside above the traffic lines.
NSGE
System type
System
usage
Heat collector from tunnel air
x heating only
o cooling only
o heating & cooling
o storage
o domestic hot water
o seasonal use
o permanent use
x permanent use with seasonal
peaks
Additional non-NSGE installations:
n/a
Demand
Annual demand for:
Heating: 139.002 kWh
Peak load: n/a
Volume or area to be climatized:
748 m²
Economic &
ecologic
factors
Installation costs: 163’015[CHF]
Reduction of heating power costs:
20 %
Reduction of energy costs (incl.
cooling, DHW etc.): n/a
Avoided CO2 emissions / CO2
reduction: 370 t/a
Reduction of electrical
consumption: n/a
Collector
details
Overall length of installed pipes:
1.500 m inside the tunnel placed
collector
Flow- and return flow temp.
difference: ca 1.3 K
Performance
Heat pump (HP) power: 36 kW
Avg. coefficient of performance
(COP): 3.72
Amortization: [a]
Annual HP working hours: 4.440 h
Energy demand of the HP-System:
38.298 kWh/a
Materials
used
Geological &
hydrological
data (not
relevant)
Completion material in
wells/ground heat
collectors/BHE´s/pipes): n/a
Geological region: Rough
description of bedrock:
Heat transfer media:
glycol water /air
Heat pump working fluids:
glycol water
Thermal conductivity of the rocks:
Specific abstraction capacity:
Rough description of aquifer:
Thickness of aquifer:
Water level in borehole:
Underground temp.:
Hydraulic conductivity
37