0
ol
a
IÓ
v
then
espousing
EurocomF r o m W i l l i a m Chisiett
m u n i s m and h a d
condemned
M a d r i d , Nov 1
the Soviet invasion of CzechosSeñor E n r i q u e L i s t e r , one of lovakia. Moscow
reverted - to
war recognizing
the last s u r v i v i n g c i v i l
Señor
Cärrillo's
leaders,, w i l l r e t u r n , to Spain p a r t y , in 1974,
h a v i n g Í connext week after 38 years i n c l u d e d that Señor L i s t e r was" a
exile, according to. reports pub- spent force- .
lished here today.
Señor Lister still
regards
Señor L i s t e r , secretary-gen- Señor C.aírillo as a " traitor
e r a l of the Spanish W o r k e r s ' Señor C a r r i l l o travels to MosC o m m u n i s t P a r t y , was granted dp*& tomorrow, reportedly for
a passport i n Paris y e s t e r d a y . "wi"» f i r s t time i n seven years,
H e formed his party - seven/, • to attend the .sixtieth a n n i years ago after being expelléa versary of the October R e v o l u f r o m the Spanish C o m m u n i s t t i o n . Señor L i s t e r w i l l hot be
Party
there.
Señora
Dolores
Ibarruri,
Señor L i s t e r ' s p a r t y
was
recognized by Moscow as " the " L a Pasionaria'?,: the S p a n i s h
true
Spanish.
Communist C o m m u n i s t P a r t y ' s president,
yesterday
for
Moscow,
P a r t y ", in an attempt to split left
the party headed
by Señor where she spent 38 years" i n
Santiago
Carrillo,
who
was e x i l e .
pa
ñ
T h e p r o v i n c i a l " delegation f
A s t u r i a s , whose idea it. was to
hold the investiture ceremony,
is not considered representative
by politicians in the region,
t r a d i t i o n a l l y a leJt-wing-sthphgh o l d . ."
.':,:.
» - , : " . • • •'. •
Rival of Señor Carrillo
returns to Spain
Es
A s a result, the Palace was
advised, apparently w i t h i n the
past 48 hours, that it w o u l d be
better tOkpostpone t h e investiture.
j|§|p
K i i i g l | | u a n Carlos, accompan i e d ìpy*- Queen Sofia, Senor
Rodolfo
Martin
V i l l a , . the
M i n i s t e r of t h e I n t e r i o r , and
rffembers of the C o u n c i l of the
R e a l m , the country's highest
advisory body still i n existence,;
attended a religious ceremony
this m o r n i n g i n Covadonga, the
village i n A s t u r i a s where the
Spaniards c l a i m e d t h e i r first;
v i c t o r y i n t h e i r campaign to:
expel
their
Moorish
con-i
querors.
T h e whole Govern*
men*, had been due to,, attend
but, when the ceremony was
changed, it was thought appropriate to send only one representative.
F r o m Our Correspond)
M a d r i d , Nov 1
T h e authorities todaS^substituted an " a c t of h o m a g e " to
P r i n c e ' F e l i p e , the nine-yearold heir to the throne, i n place
of a planned investiture ceremony for h i m as P r i n c e of
Asturias, the t r a d i t i o n a l title of
the heir to the throne.
T h e t i t l e was .conferred on
him i n a royal decree signed by
his father, K i n g J u a n Carlos,
In i J a n u a r y . T h e Palace had
ealized that t h e ' i n v e s t i t u r e
might cause i l l . .feeling, however, and the ceremony was
changed to an act of homage.
Socialist
and" : communist
p o l i t i c i a n s . i n A s t u r i a s who were
i n v i t e d to the homage decided
•te-boycott the ceremony. T h e y
say " . t h e - i n v e s t i t u r e should be
made after the new constitution
is d r a w n up, when the exact
•form lof the Spanish state is
described. It s h o u l d wait u n t i l
the Constitution is .approved
although i t has already been
agreed g e n e r a l l y t h a t the state
w i l l be d e s c r i b e d as a -monarchy.
'
«sjC«
. /
N
Spanish King cancels
son's investiture
C
Socialist leader's warning on Spanish austerity
ón
ci
nd
a
Fu
to a m a x i m u m of 22 per cent
i n r e t u r n for tihe c e i l i n g on
wage rises of the same amount.
B o t h Señor C a r r i l l o and Señor
Gonzalez said that i f prices rose
above the agreed rate ( i n f l a tion is r u n n i n g at 30 per cent
at the moment) then they w o u l d
support a h i g h e r wage c e i l i n g .
AN
SI
very constructive; Opposition ".
The Socialist P a r t y has 118 of
the 350 seats i n the Congress
of Deputies.
Senor Gonzalez said that the
c e i l i n g for wage increases of 22
per cent for 1978 should not
apply to those on the lower end
of the pay scale and that those
higher up should accept less.
Senor Santiago C a r r i l l o , the
C o m m u n i s t leader, who left for
M o s c o w today, s a i d that the
wage c e i l i n g was unprecedented.
H e c i t e d the case of B r i t a i n
where the government had a
wage g u i d e l i n e of 10 p e r cent
while p r i c e s , he said, were i n creasing b y 20 p e r cent. I n
Spain the percentages
were
equal.
T h e economic pact stipulates
that p r i c e increases w i l l be kept
TR
F r o m Willtiam Chisiett
f~? .
M a d r i d , NOT 2
^
Señor F e l i p e Gonzalez, t h e
socialist leader, w a r n e d t h e
Spanish. Government i n a television i n t e r v i e w last night that
his party, the strongest opposition group i n the Cortes, w o u l d
be " v e r y e x a c t i n g " in m a k i n g
sure, that the Government f u l f i l l e d .the .agreements contained
i n the two pacts on economic
and p o l i t i c a l issues.
Señor Gonzailez was one of
four
p o l i t i c a l leaders i n t e r v i e w e d on television for the
f i r s t t i m e since the general
election on J u n e I S . H e said
that the agreements meant that
" t h e Opposition has not disapI peared, but now has to f u l f i l a
! very different and i n t e r e s t i n g
role. W e Socialists w i l l be a
Señor-Carrillo said that there
w e r e c e r t a i n , sectors, w h i c h he
c a l l e d the " economic b u n k e r ",
who were out to " force an
economic c r i s i s " .
Señor M a n u e l F r a g a I r i b a r n e ,
the conservative l e a d e r of the
P o p u l a r A l l i a n c e , was
more
adamant on p o l i t i c a l issues.. T h e
A l l i a n c e was the o n l y party not
to sign the p o l i t i c a l pact. I n a
reference to the p l a n n e d reorganization of the police, he
s a i d that the state was being
" disarmed " against t e r r o r i s m
and subversion.
" The positive t h i n g is , that
p a r t i e s : have g i v e n up p a r t y
p o l i t i c s for the next two years
a n d we a l l believe that we have
to work hatjtá\and save m o r e : "
T h e l a s t ^ V p e a k , Señor LeoPqido.ífe#-oSsWtelo, of the rulin"?
I p t f a t i c Centre U n i o n , said
* i n an exceptional s i t u a t i o n
exceptional
measures
were
needed. T h e fact that the econ o m i c measures were - l e f t of
centre d i d not mean that the
C e n t r e party had renounced its
centrist election p r o g r a m m e .
1
Señor Calvo Sotelo said that
p o l i t i c a l f i g h t i n g had been postp o n e d for the time being. " W e
are near to the consolidation of
democracy.
I hope
everyone
understands this arid is capable
of m a k i n g sacrifices."
Spanish party leader cuts
short Moscow visit r
r
!
Fu
nd
ac
;
Es
pa
ño
la
Increase in serious crime is partly blamed on the
amnesties granted by K i n g Juan Carlos
\
Spain brings back night watchmen
F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett
/ /
M a d r i d , Nov 6
V
Spanish
police
are
so
a l a r m e d by the increase i n
crime since the death of G e n eral Franco that t h e G o v e r n ment decided at the w e e k e n d
to
bring
back
nightwatchmen—phased
out
after
the General's death—to help to
combat the crime wave.
A r o y a l decree signed b y
K i n g J u a n C a r l o s a n d publ i s h e d i n the o f f i c i a l State "Bull e t i n yesterday s t i p u l a t e d that
serenos, the t r a d i t i o n a l n i g h t
watchmen, w i l l be back o n
duty w i t h i n three months, and
a r m e d icr the first time.
T h e y w i l l w o r k i n towns
w i t h a population of m o r e than
conjunction
100,000, i n close
with the police.
A c c o r d i n g to figures
supp l i e d to The Times
by the
Directorate G e n e r a l of Security
there were a total of 59,234
robberies last year and 42,538
i n the first six months of this
year. I f this rise continues at
the present rate t h e n b y the
end of 1977 robberies w i l l have
increased by 44 per cent.
T h e number of robos a n d
atracos, robberies respectively
without
and
with
violence,
have -*one up most. B u t rapes,
murders
and
assassinations
w i t h p o l i t i c a l motives are also
on the increase.
In
1976
there
were
287
rapes, 94 murders a n d 24 assas—'—
T n the
f i r s t . . . six;
ió
n
r
N
:
Undoubtedly
it
was
his
desire to speak about E u r o communism that caused
the
Soviet authorities to ban the
scheduled
six-minute
speech,
Señor C a r r i l l o wrote i t d u r i n g
the
flight to
Moscow
and
handed i t i n on a r r i v a l " to be
t r a n s l a t e d . " Señor C a r r i l l o said
that c o m m u n i s m needed a k i n d
of Second V a t i c a n C o u n c i l but
what happens i s that there i n
(Moscow) i t is more d i f f i c u l t
than i n She V a t i c a n . "
In another i n t e r v i e w Señor
C a r r i l l o s a i d : " A s they say I
am a traitor, i t w o u l d be a
little odd for them to allow me
to speak. " H e said he had
been put i n the back row of
the delegates
" W h e r e those
who wanted to see me h a d to
look
h a r d . " N o r m a l l y party
leaders are. put i n the front
row. •
.
It was l e a r n t today that a
pro-Moscow
communist party
has presented i t s papers to the
Spanish Interior M i n i s t r y for
legalization,
so
highlighting
reports that M o s c o w m a y . t r y
to f o r m a more
pro-Soviet
party i n S p a i n , the P a r t y seeki n g legalization said i n its list
of statutes, that i t was " faithf u l to the i n t e r n a t i o n a l proletariat and the p r i n c i p i e of the
dictatorship of the p r o l e t a r i a t . "
SI
C
IÓ
m
AN
From Williain
Madrid, Nov 3 ^
Señor Suárez, trie S p a n i s h
P r i m e M i n i s t e r , left here t h i s
m o r n i n g f o r B o n n . o n the f i n a l
leg of h i s tour of the E E C c a p t
tals after a p p e a l i n g to Span- .
i a r d s last n i g h t to s u p p o r t h i s ' ,
economic . pact
with
the
Opposition.
In his first televised speech .
since the J u n e general e l e c t i o n ,
he u r g e d Spaniards t o m a k e :
sacrificies f o r the economicpact of austerity measures to be
successful i n r i g h t i n g what.he•-..
described as a " g r a v e , situad '
tion ". T h e y s h o u l d w o r k h a r d e r
a n d save more;
•
•> '
" S p a i n can . no longer a l l o w
the l u x u r y of l o s i n g m i l l i o n s of
w o r k hours a . y e a r and one of -.,
the lowest rates of p r o d u c t i v i t y •.
i n Europe," he said. F o u r main
steps w o u l d be t a k e n : ,•__ . •
1. T h e amount of money i n c i r culation w o u l d not increase by
more than 17 p e r cent next '
•
year. .
. \
. ' ^
2. T h e r e w o u l d be a wage c e i l - .
i n g of 22 p e r cent. •
3. P r i c e increases w o u l d be k e p t
to the same amount.-.
-|
4. T a x r e f o r m s
would
fall
heaviest on those who e a r n e d \
the most..
- •,
;
I f a l l these- points were f u l - \
f i l l e d , Spain's huge balance of -,
payments deficit, expected- to .
reach $5,000m (£2,800m).by the
e n d of the y e a r , w o u l d be. re-,
dueed and the present i n f l a t i o n
rate of 30 per cent w o u l d come ,
down.
...
•
T h e opposition parties have'.
reiterated t h e i r support for the
pact, w i t h w a r n i n g s f r o m the
Communist.
and
Socialist
leaders that they w o u l d be very ¡
exacting i n m a k i n g : sure. that",
the G o v e r n m e n t f u l f i l l e d ' . its'.,
side of the bargain'. • '•'
Señor Suárez said there, were
no magic formulas. Pacts-would.,
be useless i n spite of the many, ,
votes' b e h i n d the parties w h i c h .
signed, unless a l l Spaniards
t h r e w their weight b e h i n d them.
. It was essential to restore
confidence so that i n v e s t m e n t ,
w o u l d start again, he said. P o l i c e i n t h e Basque country.- ;
were searching'.today f o r / t h r e e U
m e n who last night shot dead
a police sergeant outside .'.his í \
home i n I r u n .
"
V
\.
From William Chislett
M a d r i d , Nov 4
Señor
Santiago
Carrillo,
secretary-general
of
the
Spanish C o m m u n i s t Party cut
short his visit to M o s c o w today
nnd decided to r e t u r n to M a d rid because of the ban imposed
to prevent h i m speaking at a
K r e m l i n rally.
T h e rest of the Spanish delegation at the celebrations to
mark the sixtieth anniversary
of
the B o l s h e v i k
revolution
was r e t u r n i n g w i t h h i m . The
only
exception
was
Señora
Dolores
Ibarruri,
the
party
president, who l i v e d f o r 38
years as an exile i n Moscow.
She was staying on for a fewmore days to see her daughter
and g r a n d c h i l d r e n . She w i l l
not attend any o f f i c i a l functions.
Interviewed on the Spanish
radio last night f r o m Moscow,
Señor C a r r i l l o said that i f he
had been allowed to speak at
the
rally
he
would
have
I " h a i l e d the October
revolu•
' tion, which is the p a t r i m o n y of
| a l l the progressive forces i n
j the w o r l d , paid tribute to the
!j participation of the Soviet peo• pies i n the destruction of fasLi cism and I w o u l d have said a
few things e x p l a i n i n g how we
conceive socialism i n S p a i n ".
TR
Spaniards
urg
to work and
sáv^moiMjÉ
months of this year the figures
were 198, 53 and 24.
T h e increase i n c r i m e is
b l a m e d m a i n l y on the rise of
unemployment
and
on
the
release of many c r i m i n a l s f r o m
prisons i n the past two years
under pardons a n d amnesties.
Figures
released
by
the
M i n i s t r y of Justice r e v e a l that
a total of 10,843 prisoners have
been released since the death
of G e n e r a l F r a n c o . U n d e r a
p a r d o n granted by K i n g J u a n
Carlos on November 25, 1975,
after his ascent to the T h r o n e ,
8,903 prisoners were released
and later another 1,940. W h e n
General
Franco
died ' on'
November 20, 1975, there were
15,518
prisoners
andin
October 1977 there were 9,978.
T h e police n o w a d m i t that it
was an error to phase out the
night
watchmen,
who,
with
their l o n g dark blue
coat,
peaked cap, heavy s t i c k a n d a
bunch of keys used to be a
f a m i l a r sight at night. T h e y
came
on
duty
at
about
10.30 p m when the m a i n doors
of b u i l d i n g s and blocks
of
flats were locked. T h e only way
to get i n • after this time,
except for people who had the
k e y to the m a i n door, w o u l d
be to clap hands and seemingly
f r o m nowhere a sereno w o u l d
appear.
T h e y were badly p a i d , overw o r k e d and had to l i v e on the
good w i l l and c h a r i t y of neighbours
in
the
areas
they
covered. W h e n they began to
be g r a d u a l l y phased out their
duties were theoretically taken
over by the police.
In fact m u n i c i p a l p o l i c e i n
particular are understaffed and
c o u l d not keep the same k i n d
of watch on buildings
The authorities estimate that
about
7,000
watchmen
a?e
needed for the service to be;
effective. F o r example, a worki n g class d i s t r i c t outside M a d r i d , l i k e M o r a t a l a z , has o n l y 2 1
watchmen at the m o m e n t to
cope w i t h a p o p u l a t i o n of j
13%617 and an area of about
9y5ap> acres, whereas i n the
•centre of M a d r i d , i n the Sala- !
m'anca area, there are about 60
nig*nt watchmen for 40 acres
and a population of
about
420,000.
F o r the r i g h t w i n g the i n crease i n c r i m e , w h i c h i s simi-^
l a r to what happened i n P o r t u gal after the r e v o l u t i o n , is!
symptomatic of the authorities''
laxity.
Criminals
are
certainly
becoming
most ingenious i n
M a d r i d as an i n c i d e n t thathappened to Spanish f r i e n d s of
mine, demonstrates.
'
They r e t u r n e d at n i g h t to
f i n d their c a r stolen. N e x t
m o r n i n g they f o u n d i t p a r k e d
i n the street w i t h two theatre
tickets p i n n e d to the ' winds- i
creen and an apology f o r taki n g the car for an emergency
reason. T h a t night t h e y went
to the theatre and w h e n they
r e t u r n e d f o u n d t h e i r flat v i r tually wiped r - - "
:
:
;
1
1
1
Catalan leader
seriously
ill in hospital /
WEST E U R O P E
Carrillo
party gives
the lie to
Tass report/
;
F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett
Jy
Madrid, Nov 7
jf,
The
Spanish
Communist
P a r t y today rejected a statement f r o m
Tass about the
f a i l u r e of Señor C a r r i l l o , the
party's leader, to speak at the
K r e m l i n d u r i n g the sixtieth
anniversary
of
the
October
Revolution.
Tass said it was
because he a r r i v e d late, but the
party m a i n t a i n e d that he was
i n v i t e d to speak
and then
banned.
:
1
añ
ol
a
F r o m Our Correspou
Madrid, Nov 6
Señor Josep T a r r a d e l l a s , tfte
President of the Generalitat,ȣhe
:ecently restored C a t a l a n autonomous Government, confiuued
o be i n a serious cmwdition
oday i n a B a r c e l o n a # e ? p i t a l
vhere he is r e c e i v i n g treatment
or l u n g and r e n a l insufficiency,
i e is 78.
,
Señor T a r r a d e l l a s signed a
leoree f r o m his h o s p i t a l bed
ast n i g h t n o m i n a t i n g Señor
F r e d e r i c R a h o l a , his delegate,
as a conseller (minister) of the
Generalitat.
T h e decree signed b y K i n g
J u a n Carlos n o m i n a t i n g Señor
Tarradallas makes no m e n t i o n
of what w o u l d happen i n the
eventuality of his being unable
to continue at the h e a d of the
generalitat. Señor T a r r a d e l l a s
r e t u r n e d last m o n t h after 38
years i n exile.
SI
C
N
IÓ
I n its r e p l y , " * t h e Spanish
party l i m i t e d itself to listing
chronologically what happened.
It said that Señor C a r r i l l o and
other members had o r i g i n a l l y
t o l d M o s c o w t h e y w o u l d be
able to go o n l y f o r the end of
the celebrations
because
of
other commitments.
Es
p
T h e Tass v e r s i o n , based on
an i n t e r v i e w w i t h M r V i c t o r
A f a s i e v , the editor of
Pravda,
was yet another sign of i S f c r i f t
between
Moscow
a a d y the
Spanish
" Eurocomnrunist"
party.
The
Soviet?*
rews
agency's statement ¿wa's tantamount to c a l l i n g Señor C a r r i l l o
a liar.
.'*0
AN
However, after a delegation
f r o m Moscow a r r i v e d , i n c l u d i n g
the Pravda editor to t e l l the
Spanish
party
that
Señor
C a r r i l l o was i n v i t e d to speak
and that his presence was
requested f r o m the beginning,
the party changed its timetable
and agreed.
Fu
nd
ac
ió
n
TR
Señor C a r r i l l o was then i n - i
vited to prepare a speech lastm i n u t e s — a n d he handed it i n
to be t r a n s l a t e d on a r r i v a l i n
Moscow. T h e p a r t y h a d by then
told M o s c o w that he w o u l d
a r r i v e late as he had to attend
the congress of the Catalan
C o m m u n i s t Part}'. The statement added that the Spanish
k n e w the speech, was translated but that Señor C a r r i l l o
was not c a l l e d to speak.
It added that the offer made
to Señor C a r r i l l o to speak at
another m e e t i n g
or
outside
M o s c o w was " i n c o n s i d e r a t e "
and anyway his schedule d i d
not p e r m i t s t a y i n g any longer.
Señor E n r i q u e L i s t e r , Señor
Carrillo's r i v a l
as
secretary
general of the S p a n i s h W o r k e r s '
Communist P a r t y , f o r m e d after
he was e x p e l l e d f r o m Señor
C a r r i l l o ' s p a r t y i n 1970, ret u r n e d to M a d r i d this evening
after 38 years i n exile.
The pro-Moscow
party of
Señor L i s t e r was recently legalized and he s a i d on a r r i v a l at:
M a d r i d a i r p o r t that he intended
to continue to fight for a communist society. H i s differences
w i t h Señor C a r r i l l o are well
known
and
their
relations
appear to have reached an a l l time low.
Señor L i s t e r has
called his r i v a l a " p o l i t i c a l
gangster ".
A communist commander in
the Spanish C i v i l W a r , Señor
L i s t e r went on to serve as a
general i n the armies of the
Soviet U n i o n , Y u g o s l a v i a and
Poland.
The Civil War, ,
heroes and villains in
blue and red W ^ ; f
a Madrid cinema screen
>• Picture from thé past": Franco meets Hitler.
'* ' ' ' • •
' • * -* *
Brought up on official propaganda (die ban on publishing
Professor
Hugh
Thomas's
standard book , on the. Civil
War, was only lifted a year
ago) Spaniards are seeing for
the.first time, the protagonists
of that period. It is an eery
3'Franco
- - ...
.- .sensation to .walk out of the
Scene:
Spait '.'v
.
cinema afterwards arid realize
*On(e: ,1936-39."
'
that inniiy of the "heroes"
,wAjt' funst sight'" this aampunce^ and ** villains shown on .the
;
f fnent displayed in bold letters ' screen are alive and well in
. outiide a cinema in Madrid. Spain like " L a Pasionaria ",
... , -ïlooks'like an advertisement for .Dolores'ibarruri, the 82 years
•.
spoof film on the Spanish old president of' the Spanish
• %Civil .'.War.: In fact it is thet'Commiunist , Party^ back in
yibillboard : of the .first auUi- .Madrid after 38 years exile in
• f â ï ^ trlnr. on. * e .Oirii, ."Vim; Moscow.
'"•*• ..
m documentary, called Caudillo ... m Caudillo she is seen
:::';:
"rafter the late General Franco, addressing • Republicans , and
- - *$he self -styled " Caudillo of telling till em that many asperiSpain by the Grace of God ".
siens -have' been ca?t on ' her
; '-: «!•• Not 'surprisingly, «he. film is." . character by the Nationalists
.' ' Vjjl hit, for the great majority of and that if they ..njeap that
JSpahaards belong no the,,, these ire hej:'"children »' then
•',••• 3* silent (post Civil War) genera-, ] , could not be'prouder than
......
Spon." and have little idea of ;jf tjhey fought against Fascism.
1ï|rhat' ratty:' happened to tile,!•• Tja Pasionaria" gave basically
. '. ^'generation -which took part ui .
same message a t e rally..in
-, .
Sthéypar, the survivors of Which , Madrid this month.
" |
. ,."..., f9»e':;*lsfl flocking ..to see the,; Historic film of: thV lrnnbnig
;,- ' f/fOia. . Fqf the fwst ,? UBie.io, Guernica is shown in a dra.,.
.'Spaniards are ableJo examine,matic scene 'interchanging the'
i •».-•- ' ithat tragic -past, - previously-, destruction of the ancient Basi only covered in tile official que town with haunting shots
:•:.•;.- ; propa»ar^of theFranraera. ;<Jf the 'child-like; eyes".- of
4».:-,- •• vAbove the announcement is^ ' Picasso, who, immortalized the
:';:. A ;»•; huge cutout figure -of „po bin.g by the-Condor Legion.<
%.>'•'.Franco, in , imlrtary umforni
The same day, th»tl saw. the:
&&
" V * * his arm outstretched. .g ^ senate apcroved'four
ti&i?
a*«Brd« a Nazi plane. Anc-iber .proposals: the return to Spain
&k
-scene, shows two women ol*£p-., »of,.
pajnting ' "Guernica "
&<!•."• '','08 « • * other, while - bombs. ' d . of "'the remains of Alfonso
.-"rfxploda"M«m'-,»«•»• Ipwdf ,XUl, S"r,Manuel Azsria^nd'Sr
?;.'.'
|*e.'<«wn»"" *ertV«w dlWt.."jjieete Alcala (both; presidents
m-i'
' i W " " **'
«naaxhist,. a
^ Republic, who,iijte the
S.',;""'.
FaJamgist and other wartime
j
i 'exile). It was as if
»••••» ".'.- Spamapants. O n ' the walls, history was catohdng up with
... .,
-'-there are old black-and-white' i lf_
• '
'
•"'-'•'
" ^olographs of " Q v i l .War-, on^'of
many moving
1feo«. The red and, yellow -scenes in' the film' (which. In-"
.2SpaoMh national flag isi draped ,. ês gruesome . pictures of
* several places-jthe Republi- people ' shot) .shows Alfonso
.^an;fl«g, however, is.not to be xm'Oeaving Spain in 1931 just
"seen, for it.is still illegal, on.
,second Republic
public bunldings.
Was 'established. His"'grandson,'
.^•A>,r»lice jeep mghtly patrols i
Carlos, is how one'of the
• 5*J S»»J>y '-** ïu»ema, -just ,
forces behind the tranjpff ; * « Gran Via ' in case of
' - dictatorship, to
- lattacks on «1« cinema by right- -democracy and the two sides
^ n g extrenusts.
. -v
-are " reconciled' ..fter,' Ji«
- - •«:•-CaudiHo is the third docu. ... ctober amnesty.
, "' Î ,'"• .
(tnentary by Sr. BaBillw Maron. • Sr Rafael Alberti, the comi
jPannp- » » fust one .Çanciones ,
- poet; also back in MadIPiXa despues de una. .gufrra 'rii'Jj.AoKm reading poems- to-
^'v 7n
this' film all the actors
'. including millions of Spaniards'
• interpret their own history:
f'iioith the live performances of
• .-^'Pastbrtaria. . . .anything similar
><betweetï. what happens
here
^and reality is not fantasy.
.
^Protagonist:
. . . , Francisco
ta
C
IÓ
:
AN
SI
u
1
s
e
TR
t n e
;
m
ac
ió
n
;
nd
1
Fu
N
"';';>',;'•
Es
pa
ño
l
a
1
1
lm
t h e
8 n
m
o f
t k
m
g
i e d
n
J
tse
fte
c!ud
b e f o r e
t h e
u a n
d r i v i n g
f r o m
v
0
m u m
s t
ifn Caudillo, newsreels, material •i.j^Smt,,
• Fernandez-Cuesta,
- tend^conmlentàries of the time
^
^
together an
gO.-br^.lMmtly recreate Me after
„ ^ , 5 right-wing National
rthe'Civil War. It was : banned , /
en praising Fas* *,.. , years—or to be :more
^
of Sr- Jose
torease ,it was approved on,
, Robles, the leader of
pune 3,;197J by-the.boatd of
powerful
conservative
iensors and then not allowed . ,
in the 1933 election, is
l&, ' *' . ">™
^A^fï^ seen on posters: Sr Gil Robles
.
a97G„ ;-(beca«e it Offended
jointTeader of thfc Chrisf ™ i ° L ^ ! r *f* , C
tian Democrat alliance, in the
. fgy^TS*™ V ™* ^
'June general election.: and won
fttmdfllo also eioperaénced some, J
f
r cent of the votes.
JS?WW*
Spaniards
are watching
p i * ; ? ' * * « « » « expei'ienç^ to c<nTdi/!o calmly with few of
|ee Ihe film, which uses a blue,.
expected cheers and hisses
|i,it, far; the sequences of
-.heroes" and " v i l *he .. Nationalists-fhe nzules. ^„5» i l e they search theirJWues) as they.were called- consciences for the causes of
and . a red tint, for the.-^k ft-atricidal ' confronution.,
1^
sequences of the Republicans— . . . . . .
-,^éUâmed.
*
A W i l l i a m Chfetett,.
n
o
g e t
w
l l i a n
£<
SI!t
l i s
c i s m
M a T i a
f e
G i
; t h e
C E D A
c
b
:
1
u
8l
u n a l
J
e
r<!
s
:
m e r
1 4
fc
w h
<reds)
e y w e r
se
p e
AN
SI
C
IÓ
N
ón
ac
i
Fu
nd
añ
ol
a
Es
p
,
TR
F r o m Our Correspondent
Kadrid, Nov 8
Relations
betweeii &he
Spanish Cominunist Pa&
and
Moscow appear to have-~eached
an all-time low as a'zesult of
the dispute berycen Cerior
Santiago Carrillo aild the Icremlin leadership over-rlie speech
wliich h e w a n t a : to deliver
duriiig t h e ainZyersary ceiebrations of t h e Bolshevik Revolu
tioti.
Many have b e e o the G f f
ences berween Seiior Carr
and tlie Kreinlirt.
FIe c
clemned Uie 1968 iiitervention
iii Czechoslorakia and his book
E r n a c o m ~ n u n i s t nnd the Stnte
provoked accusations o£ traitor
to the Soviet cause. F r o m tlie
xrersion giveii by Tass as to
wliat happeiied last week i o
M o s c w ~it seenls Señor Carrillo
1s now rt'garded as a liar.
Tass iiisisted t h a t Serio
Carr.ili~ was n o t banned fro
molang h i s speech b u t arri
too late t o deliver it. Se
Carrillo is adamaiit t b t Iie
banned and last night b
cotted t h e receptioii given
tlie Soviet Enibdss\- i r i Iklaclri
to marlc tlie ariiiivercary.
Neveitlieless,
che Spa
party Iias n o intention
breaking witl? BInsco~v. " Th
T Y O U ! ~ be tu
beiiave like
child ", a niembcr of ti:
executive cotii.tiittec said. O
tlie otber hncri. tl!e Spanis
p;r;y 1s n o t especting to se
mucli of Moscow 1n the nea
futuiin eithc: i;, t h e forni , O
visits there or to receive
d e l e ~ a t i o n sin li;Iddrid.
~ & o rCarril!o's speecli, rvhich
h e has 3ince s a d Iie tore uo
irould llave been no stronge
than the one gl:reii by S ~ g i i o r
Enrico Eerlinguer, tlie Italidn
leader, tiie soiircr said. Only
passing reierence w o ~ i l d llave
been madc to t!ie party's coi1
ception of socialisni iil Sila
befior Carrillo did n o t go
Moscorv to insuit i t to its fa
Tlie Spaiiisli party belie
that tlle 1Cremlin rnay b e trying
LO spiit
tlie Eurocoinmunis
n:ovement. or i t c o u l
preferente was given
1Seriinguer because Iii
very mucli nearer
than t h a t iii S p a i ~ i
But althougl~ Se5or
rillo's party 1s srnall aiid
only 20 seats in Congress, tlie
lower Hguse o£ t h e Cortes, the
Icremlin, tlie source said,
regards k:m a s a f a r rnore
serious threat.
.
..
-- - - The " h a n lts " in tlle ICremlii
a r e olitraged by llis outspoliei
tlieories-tliat
soc~alism ca
onlg corze
;o,
clevelope
Westerii
countries
thi-oug
r e s p y t f o r deinocracy-whil
rhe doves " \ ~ a n t to take
softer line realizing that th
kind of treatmeiit given hini i
counterprodu~tir~e.
In t h o pal-ty's view, aii orda
bail Señor Carrillo from
speaking came f r o m high u»,
p ~ r h a p sf r o m President Grciilinev liimseif. Señor Ailionio
Gutierrez, rhe secretary general
of t?le United Socialist Party of
Catalonia, ~who also we:it to
M o s c o l ~ ,was quoted in yester!ay's Iizjol-innczones as sajirig:
1 a m coiiviiiced that t h e r e are
serious rensions i n t h e leader
ship of tlie Comrnunist P a r t y 11
U1e Soviet Unioii."
The party believes &at rl
h a ~ l c srion í h e day because
the cont;nued and obsessive
Eear rvi~?'ch R~OSCOM' lias o ~ e
t h e seeds of d i ~ c o n t e n t wliic
Señor Carri'io could sow in 1-11
Easi European c o u n ~ r i e s . Sil
Kremliil f e a i s t h a t his rvavi
G F tlie flag of independen
ftom Rlosroy could llave s e
ous 1-epcrcuss:ons
The Spaiiirh party ieels tliat
Moscow now 1-egrets what ir has
done and neitlier side knorvs
uzhat ~ ~ b el rhe
l
next step.
Serior Cal-rj!!o lias no intent:ol:
of reriouiicir~gliis ioreign policy
ideas with Eurocommu~lisina s
a separate force fi-oin Nato and
tlie ilrarsaw Pact. H e left foiYugoslar~iatoday f o r a meeting
~ \ ~ i r lPresideiit
i
Tilo and then
goes o11 to Rome to sec Sigrior
Beilingucr.
Tiie party will continue to
brorideii irs coriiácis. 111- source
:;aid t l ~ a t as a result of the
latest Moscow ir-atment, j t
-tvouid p!-obably b e casier lo
s t a r t relatioiis between
he
pariy and China.
Biit t11e visit ~ v l i ~ c Moscow
h
mas: dislikes is t h e one next
week w l ~ e nSeñor Carriilo goes
to tlie Ui2ited 5:s:es as the f : r r t
itirited E u ~ o c o n ~ n i u n i sIrauer.
t
Thero Iie will speak in t h e
iiiiiversities of Yale aiid Ilarvard about Eurocommunism
M711ile there a r e no fixed contacts wiíh Lhe Carter Administratioii t h e r e will be meetings
a t some leyel for, t h e source
haid, t h e uerv hdrninistration
Mras interested t o kiiorv rdlat
Euroconimunism was al1 about.
F a r fl-oln being hiimiliatrcl
by t h e Moscoiv sltirn~isli, i h e
Sl;anish party feels i t has
gained more supporters, rrilich
i s probably t h e niziii reason f o r
t h e p r r s e n t relaxed a r n o ~ p l i e r c
iii tlle party's he?dquarrers.
Accusations rhat this might
have been ,11e reas311 f o r Seiior
Carrillo's ri-czh rvi~li M o s c n
are disniissed as rubbich
- _. ' r'
'- .,.
'
SpanishIeít deniés ' secret deals '
the ruling Denlocnt ic Cen tr e
whlch , aceording 10
linion
see-ee j)pini on po.lls. is 101ill.
v.xes. Tb e Commun ut s on the
otller hmd are he n for th ey
cOlU'ide r tlIH tb eir Sl3r is ri$iog .
Municipal elect io!,s are r eBar ded bere as very imp ort an l,
but far the momeut the perríes
seem far more conct'l.'ned wirh
!h e tr ade un íon
electlo ns ,
wbidl ceuld be b ! ld in Decem-
ber.
While the pam es Ibemst lve-s
añ
ol
a
seern qu ite h apvy to {lUI th em
off until nen year mere are
increas io¡ siJTIs of r esrtessn ess
n,·l!'r m e met te r in tbe Basqu e
count ry where many miyors
res i¡ned Iast yea r
o
Fu
nd
ac
i
ón
TR
AN
SI
C
IÓ
N
Es
p
I?rum OUTCorrn ponllen t l ' - lO be t,e leS befor e rhe en d of
l.c:::::"1917, bU( this is no", collsid ered
. 'ofadrieS, Nov 10
Tbe Sl"llli sh W O"ke n Socia- .mOS! unli kel:(_
iR PlIrty t oeSa,. eSenie d tha t
Señor Feli pe Gonral ez, lbe
itere- ",ere In , .. seeret clavses " SocIalin S l:<:retal"]··Ce-n~ nJ, SIl'"
n me po liti c;¡¡l aod ece nc mlc Seño r
Suárn,
tb e
Pri me
<aetl berween the G()venJ ment Mini, ter mi nigh l ror t \"I)
nd rhe oPPOliti on :>artiel cver h our s In d tol d lIim th at ltS f:l.r
-ostpOllin¡;: municipal elecrícns. 11$ his p an y was cancerned the
Ther e have been rep crts rhar muni cip al elecrlous mUSI be
he po litic aJ p;Klies who sign ed held befo "e neu sp riog..
One of the prob lems is th ar
be p~ts ba ve a~eed to PUl off
nunieipal eleencus \Illril n e,'''l eaere is 00 democ ratie legi sla'ftr _ While m es-e repcrt s h::we lion on mu nicipa.! electious yet , .
leen de nied, me diffe re nt p oli- as Cen enl Fr.rnco's raIn are
ical ¡>&nies are in disa¡.reemen t It ill in exi stence . Anotber p rob,ver rile issue.
le m ís rhal for ' -arioul re<lSo ns
Alt er rhe j cne gener a l elec- scme of rhe p3rt1es ere tess
all
partiu
spoke
of
'tbe
kee u rha n oehers te hold th e
j on
sc ed fo rtbe mun icip;¡¡1elcc u ons elec tlcn s quiddy , in partieu ill ',
o
Thousands pay tribute to
Gen Franco'sjneniorv
F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett
M
F raodm
r i dW, iN
l loi av m20Chisletr
i der)
, • and a- red-and-yellow
Frwncn
t
^
«embied
natit
Fean^°,nH .
«
jeans
and i n fur coats, vented
« g e r on the new democratic S p a m .
e a d
a
,
y 0
e
U n g
a
n
d
o
I
d
a
They
applauded
and
? F W S V F r a n c o ",
when , * e | ) p r p y i h c i f e ! f l e a d of
the n g f a - W i n g F u e r z a Nueva
Senor J a v i e r A l b a , called for
the resignation of the Government.
lT 1*L>r
ol
a
e
^ " \ José-Antonio
Giron
the b a d e r of the C i v i l
wS
veterans' organization who was
M i n i s t e r of L a b o u r after The
war
said that history could
not be b u r i e d by r o y a l decree
S
e
0
I
mìlJ
, mo a! ]
and terrorism.
W a
s
a x i t y >
pa
ñ
. P o u r i n g r a i n d i d not £dampen
the s p i r i t s of tens of thousands
of
supporters
of
General
f r a n c o s ideas who gathered in
M a d r i d today on the second
a n n i v e r s a r y of his death at an
(open-air mass for his soul. T h e
/organizers c l a i m e d that about a
m i l l i o n people had attended.
In the Plaza Oriente. where
F r a n c o h a d made his last pubj h c speech shortly before his
•death
the c r o w d
denounced
the
Government
of
Senor
buarez for d i s m a n t l i n g the general's-system.
W a v i n g banners with such
slogans as: " C a r r i l l o to the
f i r i n g s q u a d " (Senor Santiago
Carnllo
is
the
Communist
er,
chaos,
economic
.;
d l s o r d
r u i
AN
SI
n
ió
nd
ac
Fu
N
C
IÓ
because of the image of its
leader, Senor Suarez, than for
any organizational excellence.
Senor Suarez knows that i n
the n e x t election the party w i l l
need
to
be
far
better
organized. Perhaps for this reason he has j u s t started to visit
p r o v i n c i a l party headquarters.
Iberian
treatyn - .Dr. M a r i o
Soares,
the ù Socialist P r i m e
M i n i s t e r of P o r t u g a l , a r r i v e d
here today on an official visit
d u r i n g w h i c h h e w i l l sign a
treaty of f r i e n d s h i p and cooperation w i t h Spa-in to replace the archaic I b e r i a n Pact.
D r Soares was met at M a d r i d a i r p o r t by Senor Suarez
and then went to the Zarzuela
Palace for an audience of K i n g
J u a n C a r l o s . T h e Iberian Pact
was signed i n 1939 by F r a n c o
a n d Salazar, the Spanish and
Portuguese dictators, and dealt
w i t h matters of security i n
t h e i r respective countries.
" La Pasionaria "
challenged^
Communists
in
the
constituency of Señora Dolores Ibarr u r i (" L a P a s i o n a r i a "•), the
party's
president,
have
renewed t h e i r demands
that
the
veteran
revolutionary
s h o u l d hand over h e r seat i n
P a r l i a m e n t to a younger person i n better h e a l t h .
P a r t y sources said that the
demands were made yesterday
by a m a j o r i t y of thé 17 delegations
attending
a
regional
meeting
of
the
Communist
P a r t y i n Oviedo, the capital of
the
Asturias
coal
mining
region.
Señora I b a r t u r i , aged
82,
r e t u r n e d f r o m exile i n Moscow
s i x months ago to contest the
J u n e 15 general election i n h e r
o l d A s t u r i a n constituency. She
, w o n a seat i n the Congress of
Deputies, but has been a i l i n g
a n d recently had a pacemaker
i m p l a n t e d to c o n t r o l her heartbeart.—Reuter.
TR
F r o m W i l l i a mChislett
M a d r i d , N o v 21
Spain's
ruling
Democratic
Centre U n i o n has drawn up its
i d e o l o g i c a l programme exactly
four months after w i n n i n g the
country's f i r s t general election
i n 41 years.
T h e party went to the polls
w i t h a h a s t i l y drafted outline
w h i c h i n c l u d e d a colour photog r a p h of Senor Suarez, the
P r i m e M i n i s t e r , and has now
bad time to study the matter
more c a r e f u l l y a n d present a
more coherent p l a n .
It reads not u n l i k e that of
the
British
Conservative
Party—emphasis
on
the
importance of the i n d i v i d u a l ,
r e j e c t i o n of M a r x i s m , belief i n
a m a r k e t economy and i n the
h u m a n i s t i c values of Christian
ethics.
T h e party, w h i c h is a conglom e r a t i o n of C h r i s t i a n Democrats, L i b e r a l s , S o c i a l Democrats and converts f r o m the
F r a n c o r e g i m e , has t r i e d to
satisfy a l l these interests by
d e f i n i n g itself as d r a w i n g f r o m
the p r i n c i p l e s of the C h r i s t i a n
Democratic, L i b e r a l and Social
Democratic Parties.
T h e r e have been
repeated
reports of i n t e r n a l differences
w i t h i n the Centre as each of
these p o l i t i c a l families tries to
assert itself. T h e programme
has left the issue open by not
a l l y i n g itself w i t h a p a r t i c u l a r
political grouping.
The
lengthy
programme,
w h i c h has to be approved at
the party's congress is a sign
that the Centre i s at last starti n g to organize itself as a
party and n o t j u s t a n electoral
force : two d i s t i n c t things.
I t w o n the general election
w i t h an absolute m a j o r i t y i n
the Senate a n d a .working
M a j o r i t y i n the Congress
of,
deputies, thè two houses
of
he C tos eríParimnJlmeateorj
h e Cortes (Parliament), m o r e
Es
Suárez party decides
its line after election
•
16
II
II
Gen~~al
i~nored tI1eIJl~~orld
i'
'.
'!I'
cow'1try just bef04·.e you reach the!,
Franco
and was in the aftermath
Sofia, the' "daughter of the leaV'1n,g his system "weU tied
behind. I palace, which is quite near the i caU and snubbed Don Juan in:;! of a fierce repression. He was:
' GreekOroyal couple. Juan Carlos . up" there were malty who
There are .now poiHtical pazties; dictator's ',o~d, r~sid~nce: '.
th~. '1947 • referendum , wlien~'p1a melancholic and s:UI~l).g chiIq, 'II
! g~~~ ~e!:: Spa.nislt le~~o~ls, ~or . thought Juan Carlo~ would be
, trade unions, a democratLcl
Juan Carlos Victor Mana de Spain owas- declared a .ccath.ll"§eparated for long periods at a'
, ' he :!&,a:' consIderable· lIngUIst, 'a prssoner; of the satuatnon,
III Cortes
(Par-Hantent)
and I Borbon y Borbon was .born in" olic, social and representative I' time from his father and drawn
" speaking: five, languages. He' In fact the King asserted,his
! statutes' '. of "a,ut<onomy in pro- 1'1 Rome on Twelfth Night 1938, ,I f monarchy" with him as thel':' into the cold bosom of General 1
I met her again in Rome in 1960 authority tight from France's
gress-;-all the," enemies" of i i11; ~hei middle of the Spani,sh lifetim~ uncrowned m~l1larch'l,{'Franco, who never )lad a' ~on, 'I
where his, ~llture brother-in- death,' but subtly, behind the
the dIcti:\tor. ;
I
CIVIl War. The royal family The dictator had the 1'1~ht toff"Juan Carlos wa~ .an Imp.resslOl1· ,
,law, Constantm!-'l of Greece, w!Jn scenes, acutely ~:ware that to
j The King has always I had ~y then been seven years 'name hIS, successor as kmg 01'\:: able and sen.s1tIve c~l1d, . A fj
a gold lll;edal m the Olympics break roo quickIY.wit~l.the,past
Ii wondered whether General I 111 exile. Don Juan~ the Count regent.
I: member .of h,lS father s privy
for yachting, and 'In 1962 they might' provoke a eo.up'imd'that
I Franco's remark was a nibt that I of Barcelona, the King's father, I Don ;Juan was furious and de-l I, council m LIsbon remembers 'I
Il were married.
-.
.
1 to go too slowly towards change
the dictator realized change was I had tried to enlist on General I nounced the referendum. The',' how' a Swiss nurse once gave I,
Ii Juan Carlos was now study- ,I might unleash the pent-up frus"inevitllJble, or may be that he Franco's side in July 1936. He ~I following year, on August 25,!" Juan Carlos 2,50 escudos t? give ,I
I' ing law, po;litd:cal science and:i tration of the democratic
I'suspected that Juan CarlOS-Ii secretly crossed. the Pyrenees I': he met the dictator on board hi~ ,. to a beggar who appeared 111 the II
.economics. He has an ,dnquisi-!j forces, He sweated over his
l "The Chi.:1d" as he ':Vas then Ii and arrived at an hotel under I yacht Azor off San Sebastian] g<,\rden. "It seems, litge to me ", Ii
1':Jh:e, i~lqt¥dng mind; an? dudng]1 inaugural speech' to the r~~,ber.
I known-was not as, SImple, as I, the name of Juan Lopes.! and agreed to send hIS son!', said J,uan Carlos, we must I'
11:'11QS nme would 'ask hIS tutors']1 stamp Cortes: Nor mennon of·
I he appeared, If the' 'old [i General Mola, who controlled Ii Juan Carlos to Spain to be edu] '\ gIv~ him mor~, ..., I have ,:he
':1 what he should read and from HJuly 18, a clear reference to
" generalissimo had been a fly on II the north for General Franco, II cated, General Franco did not ,: obligation to give him more. :,
': where he could take advice to i'l his father and to a c< new
I: the wall of the King's elegant q soon got wind of. his presen.ce want to alienate the monarchj "; ,The young 'prince came with:'
help him for the future, S'r:1 stage ". One of his household .
:i study during the long arid frank;: and p.ohtely but firmly put him j] ists, upon, whom to a small ex- I hIS younger brother, Alfonsc]
If Fernandez Miranda told him Ii at the speech remembers: "It
.
11 conversation I had with Jtpn pback mto France.
t<;nt ht:: relied !0.1' support iii ',~and was assigned a formidable !
I ~.nce that he could give him no was almost frightening to see
:1. Carlos this month" he would /' General
Franco
later: hIS policy of divide and rule,;, ,team of private tutors appomted
I crutches ", and that ,he would the cold way the Cortes
have marvelled, UndQubtedlY,I~ justified th,e action by saying : ] and Don Juan wanted, to leave, by Don J,:an, although there'
.. have to .1!hmk for himself.. It I' reacted."
shuddered, at the 9~tu.tene.ss arrd I: '~If a king is again to be head I the door' open so t?at one day ,:,were one or !w<? which General I,
;t.was a.dV'lce whikh stayed With ,i 'Juan Carlos bore in mind tbeJlo
political ,mtelhgence of ,hIS sue- l.of state he should appear as a I the mo?archy -might •.return" franco later insiated on al?prov· .I
the Kmg.
:1 mistakes Of his brother-in-law.
,
I cessoQ" But then whtl ,Detter to
peacemaker and not come from.11 u'lldeIC hIm or hIS son. I wa~ ,1Ilg or nammg hImself., llke Sr ':
. I In 1.968, when he was 30, he II ex·King Constantine of Greece.
"
,
,I teach the <IIrt of surVIV'a'l than,: ~he camp, of the victors.': Seen [I conscIous. that h~ would lose; ;Torcuato Fer,nandez MIranda, a :
..
\$
!: became elig,i~le under the terms 'j He was convinced that to su~When. you al e head of state Franco ?
~ III !he hght of today, It was I c,ontac:t WIth; \~ahty unless he, .law ,professoI" who later p!a,yed I,
, c1', C~ff' :' of the o'rgan'lc state law to be vive he nl\lst become a constlyou will be able to do some of I Was ~his the same ma~, who an Iro~ic 4efence, fo.1', Generalll hved m Spalll ,Don Juan told a vI~al ro!: 11l the transl~IOn. I,
RIll: ,~
.
apP01n.ted syccessor. Don Ju;an I! tutional monarcl;! but the prob- ,
the things whi<:h I have been \ was kmcknamed 'c JUllJl1 Carlos [ Franco s 'ldea behmd later Ii me.
it was a n"orous schedule, up ,
iJ wrote to h~s son to warn hnm 'Ilem was how When the post
unable to do" General Franco I the Brief" anld whom many I grooming Juan Cados to ~uc·.: Juan Carlos was only 10 when I. at 7, am, Mass before. break~ast, ,
'I of the dangers of acceptin,g t!he I. of President ~f the Cortes and
'il\1 Spaniards assumed WQuld be a I ceed him was to maintain the his father and mother put him'-, stud1es
hgymfnastIcs un,tI! 1,: three services. Some of Don noomi'nation and of the dynastic of the Council of the Realm
h' '
J
Id
once to
1S successor, Uan puppet king to ma1ntadn the regime born out of his civil on the train at Lisbon for ': pm an d<,\nd
111; tea ternoon nd1I?-g Juan's supporters feared that prohlems 1:Ihis CQ.uld crea,te. By bastion of Francoism and th~
Carlos, who tomorrow cele'jl regime? I kept asking myself war victo,ry..
Madrid. Don Juan, with tear~ (I :and shoot~ng .. Jua11; Carlos, dId [ Juan Carlos would be .. taken I this rime Juan Cados had spent country's highest a'dvisory body
brate~ his seco~ld anniversary f during our me.eting. Then I
Alfonso XIII abdic~ted in in his eyes, tu~fed to his "1f• 'not 5
hiS fh·st ~~1m uutl1 he 1'\ in" by ,t~e regime. D0!l Juan 1 20 years in Spain and accon:lii~g 1 beca-me vacant a week after th~
as Klllg of SpaIn. It was the, r~meffilbe.red a Jo'!<e abo'ut, the I favour of Don Juan m 1941, and told ~er: We a,re 10Sl?~, i ~as
:, n IS 1 rary were ~arned .h~s son abou~ thIS. Dur. ~o one p'erson who ~uew h~m dictator's death, the King peronly remark rich in irony kmg whIch he hinlseld' appre.! two years after the end of the a son.... It was the begIn,C II, Ok s lIke lhe c?m'P,~t,e works mg a VISIt to Estonl when he 'the regune had convmlCed hQm I sonally appointed amo,ng mur['01 11 (J/
d' dates, wit'll a keen sense of I civil war and six weeks before ning of
cc Operation Jua !I,O', J ose
ntomo
1'11110 de was about 16. another member 11 thoat democracy was decadent". 'rouTings from the right, S1'
Wla
tI e
~ctJator ever ma e humou~' reminding one of his he died. Don Juan and family Carlos!' which later led to Do Rwera, founder of the Fa1~ge J of Don Juan's privy council, Juan Carlos fe'It from early on Fernandez Miranda to the job.
d
(to 011S. es~gn.ate~ successor uncle, the Duke of Edinbur.gh, moved to Switzerland then to, ,Juan r~prpaching his ,son fo ;~ jmd hero, of, the f~a!Ic? regllme. i;lOW a member ,of the Cortes, that the only way he would I
'
;about hiS conceptlOu of the whom he greatly admires. The Estoril, Po'rtugal where he still I accepting the nomination fro Ii s:h?t durm~ th~ C'I':ll w<IIr. The remembers how Juan Carlos, survive after Franco would be i ~~~~~'~~~~~~~~j
kin-g's role after his own death. joke went: Why was Juan, lives. The rift' between Don II General Franco and which pu ,,:prIllce's eXal111na>tIOn resul~s told him: .. I know you are a to become a constit'Uti:on<ll1 'II !!
£
Few people dispute that what Carlos crowMd in a subma· II Juan, who considered that he lr both father and son, in pa,inf i 11 wer~ read out, on, RadIO 'friend of my father's and I just monarch but h~ realized has I
'
dte, 39·year-old
King
has I rine ?-Because deep down he Iishould be king of Spain and!' and ambiguous positlons. B<lt q~qCIonal. .One pnvate report Iwant you to realize that I shall limits and never said during I . It was ;), smart move for,
b
ead
: ".Tnes.h~rd. but no real Iii always be loyal to hIm." The II the dictatorship mOIre than he II altlHYugh ,ntl liberal, Sr Fer·
achieve9 in the past two years:, is not stupid. Nothing could be:! Franco soon hecame apparent:1 are now reconciled and emph . :il
has been remarkable-one of!i mOI'e true,
with a declaration by Don Juan I' SIze the strong bond betwee I ~cademIc fIalf,
pre~su~es
were
already Ii thought would be wise, He was i nandez ~mmda was veI:y loyal
the most successful transiti<nls I! The King's modest Zarzuela in 1945 calling for the dictator!i them. ,
e; "'. After a second interview'; begmmng to sho'o'l'.
highly conscious of 110t over·l to the King and to,ld ~llm. that
from di:ctatorship to democracy Palace is several ,miles outside to" recognize the failure of the il Juan Carlos arrived in th~ 'between Don Juan and the dic· II In 1954 the prince was in· I, stepp,ing the mark, particul'arly ': he must became constItuHonal.
of all time, though still to be ,: Madrid, in wooded parkland. totalitarian conception of the hungry" dark ni~ht of the dict~' ~a~or, Juan Carlos started his;' vited by Pablo and Federica of:j with the reactiou'a-ry m11Iitary,:: Rather than accept the formal
consolidated.
'i There is one checkpoint as you state" and to restore the 'I torship 'l
when Spain w .' mIlitary
education,
passing fi' Greece to join them on a cruise.:1 and iCreating pro1J;}ems for the :l resignation of Sr Arias. the
The Spain of Juan Cados is :1 enter the grounds and; allot'her monarchy,
I shunned by the I'est of. th _ .I through the academies of all i, There he met his future wife Hfuture.
I' dictator's last Prime Min1ster,
.
, :ih
Juan' Carlos a'lways showed n<ird,so run the risk of the' CO~lI1"
,the dictator l"es.pect and loyalty Ii cIl ooftheReal]u recommen,dmg.
"'1<
.,..,-.\.,. and would il'ep.ort, back to Mm Ii someone ever: more Francoll;~­
!~\I th:1ngs which his supporters iI and mo,re ~erlOudv for. the~ng
were saying in his name. but I! someone w,ham thetulmg c~Ique
which Juan Carlos knew he had leouId ,man,pulate, more easllyllotsaid. General Franco a~ways :' the Kmg ask.:d h1m to stay on~
po-li~ely t!l.anked him for whatJ! . The: King perfeqly under-·
he fO'ld hun, However, the two :i stands the highly conservative
of t1.;Iem never had a close rela- ii miJi.tary. As one of his minis;.
;-,
tionSohip and after Juan Carlos I: tel'S in his first g.overnment told
was'· named his successor. they "1 lYle: "Heaiways keeps an eye
did not see much o,feach other, II 011 the armed forces to see how
excep:t at hunts and official I! th~y wHI react to decisions but
O€CaSlOns.
.
Ii thIS .·does nat mean that he con·
On July 22, 1969, Juan Carlos ilsults' them,"
aCGeptedt.he nomination, feel'!i "You too have had to' wait
ingthat !he had to do .so to I: .,.,
the
King
told
Sr
save the monarchy, He w~s if Areilza after he was appointed
a'ware cliat to have turned It!1 Foreign Minister, . It was the
doW1l1 would probably have Ii release of so much frustration
rnea:nt los,i,~g the. cro'W~ not i! which built up again when, it
0'111y fo.r hml:self but .also for Ii soon becam.e cJear to the KItlg
his f.ather. More than mis, there ii -who maintained, during the
was a .d,ang.er, .real .at mis time fi,rst months. afte'r the dictator
aC1:0rd1p.g
to
weill placed clo,se telephone contact with Dr
so!U;!.'ces. mlat the dictator might I Kissin.ger, Herr Walter Sclleel,
have. named Juan. Carlos's q President Giscard d'Estaing and
COUS1l1, Alfonso. as hls succes.1! Don
.Tuan~th,at
Sr
Ai'ias
'sor, A1.fonso's fathet., Don :1 was a disaster and would have
Jaime. born dea-f and dumb, to go. They were dark months
had renounced his claim to the !i·for the King, and he wondereq
Spanish 'throne in favour of Ii if he would ever "see light' at
his younger brother, Don ,Tuan, ': the end of th~ tunnel.
Alfonso married the dictator's H .In July, 1976. he took the
g,randdaugh~er Carmen and wa~ !, decisio,n and asked Sr Arias to
givep the title of the Duke of:1 ~esi,gn, and then to everyone's
CadIZ,
:i amazemem appointed Sr Adolfo
if Suarez. It had all been carefullY
jilijijijijiji~jijiji~~!! planned. Sr Suarez was ch68en
lias 'the man~to dismantIethe
I. system' fro.ju.·wkhin, ·.Almost
:"everyone criticized the King,
!:l~t he has 'been provedrigl'it.
as the'
I mJiecognlzable
General Franco left
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$11' SUia:r:el
Ii who. is a few years oIde,t' tl?a!1
grand'soil1:"
Jl4an Carlos accepted the ri he IS. when he was a. CIVIl
nominatiion in the only terms ii g?vernor. He reallv g9~ to kn0Vi'
'",!tikh hecouM by swearing Ii h~r~l when he, was head of telealae'g;iance to 1!he regime aIld to iI YIsIOn and tned to promote the
the" political legitimaGY which 'i Image of Juan Carlos.
.
rose fro11,1 July ,18. 193.6", t,h~
Juan Carlos had by now"
date of ~~neral Franco's n~Ih, il pluck<;d up enough, ~oUl:age to
tary upJ;'lSlmg,
.
' i i ac~ep~ the responSIbIlIty of
, DO~l ]Uan denounced his son:s brmgIllg . d~1llocracy, . Those,
..nt al.ld for a t.llne hIS i.[ opp..o sed . to, It .WOUld h.ave t.o
a pPo1.mme
relations with his son reached ice. swallow" It, He. to·ld Sr Suarez
a. low point. His WIfe; Dona i r1,ght from the start that one
M'aria, acted as an intermediary of the m:my, problems would be'
hetweenfather and son. Juan d !,he legahzat10!1 of the Commun·
Carlos c,suffered" a lot during 'lISt .Party, whI~h was not. done
the last six ye"rs of the dic-II' ~nt11 last A!'n~, The Commune
tator. He was so affected by, IStS were lettmg the palace
the. nomination and egg.ed on. to
Wo that. unless. they ""ere
.. confront" his father to. abdi- legalIzed , they
would ca.ll
. cate that thinking about, it I demonst!'atIQUS, and. the palacy
would make hiin cry.
There I was 1~tt1l1g them RnQVf that If
was never any chimce of (',en· i th~ Kmg. weye pU~hed IptO anv·
eral Franco naming Don Juan I th~ng he . mI~ht fIlld .11ItllSelf a
. to succeed him, for the differ'j pnSOller m hIS own pa,l.ace ,sur.
entes between the two of them I roynd,edbv tanks. ~<\Pll1 was a
were. too gI.'eat and Don Ju,an's sticky month for lum,
liberal views and opposition
{MIllIBlII ,aEZ&%2L&l'Q
contacts too weH known.
FrOlTI his nomination until the!
dictator's death, Juan Carlos had;, Ten days b~for~ the first
to move carefully, His father's li electoral camp1rI,gn 1.n 41 years,
telephone in
Estoril
was Ii Don. Juan abdIcated so th.~t
tapped, and probably his own Iithere-···.wouldhe· n.a"problem,lIT:
was, too. People whq saw the ,Ithe new ~Iemocratlc Cortes WIt!l
prince during thiiltime came the, draft'lH~ of the l,lew ',rnn~tl'-. '
away impressed by his under':1 tutlOn ~s to who was kI,ng, ..
standing of the situation.
i! Jt~an Carlos, exuges a s!rong
The recently published diary:1 feelIng of havlqglm feet ftrnl!Y
of Sr Jose Maria. Areilz<,J, th,e ii on the ~rou~d-hl'l' ,sta11,1l~e,c1'
King's Fo,reign Mlllister 111 hIS them sevel a,l ~I1nes for me a~ If
first government relates hpw I i to ~el11onstt ate . the. P0111 L
Sr Carlos Arias, the Prime Min- II Spalll~rds ."do not, VIal:! a pl.ay "
ister of that government, had boy kmg and nelthet. do th,ev
in his possession' according to i want a .monar,c~ who IS too Ill,
h ' minister "Tapes. of I volved In polItICs., Juan. C.arl?s
ano t el,
."
wants to be, as he has sald III
conversatIOn,S when the mono speeches "the kin~ of all.
arch was p,nnce. It SeeI?S that Spaniara~",
...
'"
.
they contam commentanes and
..
,".; .
tremendous
judgments,
It
eHe wants to I etam Just~uffJ,
would bea dynas'tic Water- CI~ntpowe!,s ,so that Spamard.;
gate" Tlte King, has demanded i sull feel Ins pr~~el1ce as be~n.:
to k~ow if there were any tap.es 1'1 above partypplIttC~ ~nd h.avl11.1,
at heart the ·mtele~ts of. the
bu t h as never been , given. any, I conntrv
as a whole.
.
~~ji~~~~~~~!!!ii!!i~~·1
A measure of his. considerabl c
~
I su'ccess is that Spain's Euro·
cOIIlmunist leader, Sr Santiago
Don . Tuan continued to ·Carrillo" 'is now numbered
denounce the dictator. from! among the King's .fan,~, He said
PlJ,rtugal, an'd there rias a tense dramatically' ,hut withs,?me
moment when he fIred off an truth,· that: wi~hout. the ,Kll1g,
attack in the presence of Juan "the shooting, would already.
Carlos, Madrid was agog: was have begun"
the
prince'.. expr~ssing· . bl
Shortly after I 'left the nalacc
proxy through ,hiS father s after our one and a htllfhour
voice f?Clings wMcl;I he had to: conversation-durinll which the
suppress? .Five. mC;lllths befo·re, Kin!!:. visiblv ti.J'''df''0111 OVCI'·
Gene.r·al Fran<;o died. D.on Juan WOI'k. had to stifle a f"w V~WI1S
w:as banned fro m s etp1'l1g foot -a blue MercNlcs s"r.>cl. ''''51' me
in Spadn for a ,brief ;t+I11e a~ter ,nllowed hv a hhcl< Doil!!p. The
he said that hIS son s nomlna- King was driving. <1n(l. Ill>
tion was C'logicall y no use ~t h1eeppd his hOl;l1 ?~ he n;.1s~f'rl
all . in bringing, demo<;ratl'c I ll1e, It was a tynica 1 gl'<tlIl'p.
change",.
of a rema"!<a.hleman who is
.
Throughout the last six years here ,tost~v ,
of. the regime Juan GarIos was
verYl11uch ,in ~he ,shadoW:s. but
\ViiliamChislf'tt
he took every opportuntty to
show that he had a mind of his
Newsllapers Ltd; ;9'77
own without ,overplaying himself, Orite ',;"hen attending a
reception his aides told him
that a group of .Carlists, ..who
support a rival claimant to the
.ESCARG'OT BIENVEHU
throne,
were
outside
and
RESTAURANT
wanted to kick his car in, When
they advised him to leave by
We'stock a ",,'ide ral1.tle o,f
the back entrance he answered:
Als.{ce wines
'" You can. but t .am.le'aving by
from
'the same dOOi' that T 'came in,"
7 varieties' of graPE:~
.
And he did,
48 Greek Street;
When General «'i'anen died
:;;
80ho, Lond~p1 \\1.1
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I iC)~Tinles
Tel. : 437 4460
Premiers give
pledge on
Iberian accord
Spanish parties agreed on
parliamentary monarchy
F r o m W i l l i a m Chislett
M a d r i d , N o v 22
'(/
S p a i n w i l l be a " p a r n a m e n tary m o n a r c h y " according to
the f i r s t draft of the new constitution w h i c h is being d r a w n
up to replace G e n e r a l F r a n c o ' s
fundamental laws
The
monthly
magazine
Cuadernos
para el Diálogo is
to p u b l i s h the draft later this
week. It was f i n i s h e d last week
after three m o n t h s of discus: ;,ions between
representatives
J of the m a i n p o l i t i c a l parties
It h a d been thought that the
term " m o n a r c h y " m i g h t not
appear i n the f i r s t draft i n
deference to the r e p u b l i c a n
ideas of the Socialists and C o m munists. T h e p o l i t i c a l leaders
have
cooperated
remarkably
w e l l over the f i r s t draft and
can be expected to r e v e a l t h e i r
differences when w o r k on the
second draft begins
IÓ
SI
C
Memoirs to upset Señor Carrillo
From William C h i s l e t t ' * '
M a d r i d , N o v 24
E a r l y n e x t year, the second
v o l u m e of the memoirs of Señor
E n r i q u e L i s t e r , for over 30
years a h i g h l y p l a c e d member
of
the
Spanish
Communist
P a r t y , w i l l go on sale here.
T h e y can be expected ' to e m barrass the party and its leader.
Señor Santiago . C a r r i l l o .
T h e * book w i l l d e a l with ..die
p e r i o d f r o m 1939, at the end
of the C i v i l W a r when Señor
L i s t e r f l e d to M o s c o w , u n t i l
after he left the party i n 1970
over serious p o l i t i c a l differences.
Senor L i s t e r has ret u r n e d to M a d r i o t h i s month
after 38 years i n e x i l e , most of
it i n F r a n c e .
Fu
nd
ac
ió
n
TR
F r o m O u r Correspondent
•
M a d r i d , N o v 23
"T^r*
T h e l e a k i n g to the m o n t h l y
magazine Cuadernos
para
el
Diálogo, of the f i r s t draft of
the n e w S p a n i s h constitution I
has b r o u g h t widespread
condemnation b y p o l i t i c i a n s and
the resignation f r o m the board
of d i r e c t o r s of the magazine of
Señor G r e g o r i o Peces B a r b a ,
the S o c i a l i s t m e m b e r of the
committee responsible f o r the
draft.
AN
Leaking'of new
constitution
draft attacked s
The
Inter-party
committee
d i d n o t i n t e n d to p u b l i s h the
draft u n t i l December 10, by
which
time
members
would
have discussed the constitution
for t h e second
time.
Señor:
Peces B a r b a wrote yesterday toi
the e d i t o r of the magazine
which i s noted for its r a d i c a l !
l i n e , to protest at the p u b l i cation and offer his resignation. T h e editor r e p l i e d that
one of the draft's articles i n
which
they
had
published
recognizes
the
freedom
of
expression w i t h o u t p r i o r censorship. T h e magazine i s consid e r i n g p u b l i s h i n g - the rest of
the d r a f t .
T h e constitution
committee
held a s p e c i a l meeting today to
discuss tile p u b l i c a t i o n .
A n o t h e r contentious issue is
that of a state r e l i g i o n . A r t i c l e
three of the f i r s t draft, accordi n g to the magazine, says that
Spain w i l l be d e c l a r e d a nonconfessional state.
T h e A r c h b i s h o p of M a d r i d ,
C a r d i n a l E n r i q u e y Tarancón,,
made an a p p e a l on the f i r s t day;
of the episcopal assembly yes^
terday for the state not to
ignore
the
Roman
Catholiq
C h u r c h i n the new constitution;
H e said that the state c o u l d
not t u r n its back on the social
r e a l i t y of the c o u n t r y i n w h i c h
many people b e l o n g to the
Catholic C h u r c h .
N
T h e issue of m o n a r c h y or
r e p u b l i c is not as sensitive as
some m a k e i t out to be. The
Socialists and C o m m u n i s t s are
t r a d i t i o n a l l y r e p u b l i c a n but, as
their leadets have s a i d , the
issue at the m o m e n t is the consolidation of demo<a%cy.
K i n g J u a n Castá^ w h o today
celebrated t h e ^ s e t o n d anniversary of h i s ascent to the throne,
does not,->apparently, view the
issue w i t h - a l a r m . H e w o u l d be
quite
content
if
the
word
" monarchy " was left out of the
f i n a l draft of the constitution
if this m e a n t a v o i d i n g a p o l i t i cal dispute.
Es
pa
ño
la
F r o m Our C o r r e s p o n d e n t y M a d r i d , N o v 21
. ;
D r M a r i o - S c a r e s , the P o r t u guese P r i m e M i n i s t e r , a r r i v e d
hère today ôn ah o f f i c i a l visit
d u r i n g w h i c h he w i l l sign a
treaty of f r i e n d s h i p and cooperation w i t h S p a i n to replace
the archaic I b e r i a n Pact.
The pact was signed i n 1J >d
by G e n e r a l F r a n c o and D r
Salazàr, the Portuguese dictator,
M a d r i d N o v 2 1 — A t a dinner
tonight,
Señor
Suárez,
the
Spanish P r i m e M i n i s t e r , warned
P o r t u g a l that the future 0Í
democracy i n the Iberian peninsula depended
on close cooperation between L i s b o n and
Madrid.
v ... .
In r e p l y , D r Soares said the
two mations should cooperate
In their c o m m o n a i m of j o i n i n g
the E E C . — R e n t e r "
I n an i n t e r v i e w w i t h
The
Times he said his book would
" denounce the p o l i t i c a l means
by w h i c h C a r r i l l o has destroyed
the p a r t y " .
H e would cite
documents and m a t e r i a l from
the t i m e When he and Señor
C a r r i l l o w o r k e d together, f r o m
1945 u n t i l 19 '0.
T h e animosity between Señor
C a r r i l l o and_ the s p r i g h t l y , 70year-old Senor L i s t e r is well
k n o w n in S p a i n .
; " I f C a n i l l o vvere dead, or if
he were not the leader of the
C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , then a l l this
w o u l d not tw p u b l i s h e d .
But
i t i s because he represents one'
1
of t h e greatest dangers f o r the left S p a i n i n 1939 with the r a n k
f u t u r e of S p a i n . W h a t is now of colonel
•
called the S p a n i s h C o m m u n i s t
In the Soviet U n i o n — w h e r e
« P a r t y (PCE) is not communist.
L e t t h e m give i t another name .he h a d m i l i t a r y t r a i n i n g f r o m
if they want, but not commu- 1932 to 1935—he rose to the
rank of g e n e r a l and was also a
n i s t " . Señor L i s t e r declared.
general i n the Polish and Yugo-'
The f i r m p u b l i s h i n g the book
slav armies. But he prefers toconfirmed
t h a t : the- memoirs
will
contain
some
" sensa- be k n o w n as p l a i n Señor.
He claims that Señor C a r r i l l o
t i o n a l " things. A P C E spokes,
m a n said h e k n e w o f the book is p o l i t i c a l l y d a n g e r o u s because
and that i t was t y p i c a l of its . he is l e a d i n g S p a i n towards a.
situation s i m i l a r to that d u r i n g
author's tactics.
Señor
Señor L i s t e r t a l k e d to me i n the Second R e p u b l i c .
a s m a l l , freezing ground-floor L i s t e r said i t was not j u s tt
_
F
r
a
n
c
o
,
H
i
t
l
e
r
and
M
u
s
s
o l i nii h
f l a t n e a r the R i v e r Manzanares,
who
brought
about
the
C
i
v
i
l
the headquarters of his own
I j W
party,
the
small
S p a n i s h W a r , but also the f a i l u r e of R e Workers'
Communist
P a r t y p u b l i c a n leaders to solve any*
( P C O E ) formed after he left of the p r o b l e m s of the t u r b u the P C E .
T h e P C O E is far lent p e r i o d f r o m 1931 to 1936.
more pro-Mrvscrow t h a n the P C E . "
H e sees the same t h i n g hapSeñor C a m l l o ' s brushes w i t h p e n i n g again, as he considers
the Soviet U n i o n are well the left to be " b o u r g e o i s " a n d
known.
the C o m m u n i s t P a r t y , f a i l i n g to
the
P a i n t was p e e l i n g off the defend t h e interests of
walls of the P C O E headquar- w o r k i n g class.
ters.
T h e r e were posters of
Señor L i s t e r c a l l e d the econoSeñor L i s t e r o n the damp walls, m i c pact between the Governan o l d bartered sofa and a pic- ment and the opposition parties
ture of L e n i n .
T h e contrast " miserable
"The
same .
between t h e two headquarters p e o p l e - a s usual are p a y i n g for !
could not have been greater. the_ economic c r i s i s — t h e exThe
PCE
has
comfortable ploited, a g r i c u l t u r a l labourers.
offices i n the centre of M a d r i d . A n d who is one 'of the m a i n
Señor L i s t e r i s w i d e l y ack- supporters, of the p a c t ? Carnowledged, even by his enemies, ' r i l l o .
H e is now an adviser
as h a v i n g been a brave m i l i t a r y of Suárez (the P r i m e M i h i s expert i n the C i v i l W a r . Hie ' i : er) " ,,.
.
;
•
—
—
r
*
»
*
:
w
Spanish bishops attack
draft constitution
AN
pa
ñ
Es
N
SI
C
#
:
F o m O u r Correspondent
M a d r i d , Nov 28
• The
conservative
National
' A l l i a n c e - v P ^ t y today p u b l i s h e d
an ap*p%sr'to Spain's p o l i t i c a l
Iejiders''to prevent s t r i f e i n the
\ northern p r o v i n c e of N a v a r r a
"••'after a p o l i t i c a l k i l l i n g heightened
tension there
between
pro-Madrid
and
pro-Basque
factions.
T h e Basque separatist organization E T A assassinated the
local chief of the N a t i o n a l
security police i n the p r o v i n cial
capital, Pamplona,
on
S a t u r d a y night. T h e e x t r e m i s t
•attack, a l t h o u g h i t was condemned by the main p o l i t i c a l
parties of the Basque c o u n t r y ,
was the s p a r k w h i c h set off
anti-Basque demonstrations on
Sunday and today, i n v o l v i n g as
many as 2,000 people at a time.
The demonstrations reflected
a division of o p i n i o n among
residents of the p r o v i n c e aboul
whether N a v a r r a s h o u l d be inc l u d e d i n the Basque r e g i o n ,
-which i s about to w i n p r o visional home r u l e , o r w h e t h e r
Hie province s h o u l d continue to
be an administrative dependency
of the c e n t r a l G o v e r n m e n t i n
.Madrid.
N a v a r r a , once a k i n g d o m i n
Fts own r i g h t but h i s t o r i c a l l y
associated w i t h the o t h e r three
Basque provinces, d i d not f o r m
a p a r t of
the
independent
Basque state w h i c h was f o r m e d
at the time of the S p a n i s h c i v i l
war. Its C a r l i s t forces fought
fiercely on the side of G e n e r a l
F r a n c o , although the C a r l i s t
movement
l a t e r became
an
enemy of the F r a n c o r e g i m e .
B o t h the? N ^ t l u u a l A-lilan*-/,.
headed b y Senor M a n u e l F r a g a
Iribarne, and the Centre D e m o cratic U n i o n , w h i c h b r o u g h f
Senor
Suarez,
the
Prime:
M i n i s t e r , to p o w e r , ' h a v e been
p u r s u i n g a divide-and-conquer
policy on the issue, of Basque:
annexation
of
N a v a r r a , the!
i ^ l y Basque province
where
'^e M a d r i d - o r i e n t e d conservaHve parties have any a p p r e c i able strength.
,
Demonstrations
continuied
' V o u g h o u t the afternoon i n
^mplona
t o d a y , , after
the
funeral of M a j o r J o a q u i n Imaz,
•vho -was shot dead b y Basaue
" v r o r i s t s on the day on w h i c h
Basque members
of
Spain's
democratically elected P a r l i a ment gave t h e i r a p p r o v a l to
the text, that w i l l g r a n t prov i s i o n a l h o m e rule to
the
region.
A m i l i t a r y chaplain attached
to the security police forces
poured f u e l on the f i r e w i t h
a sermon i n w h i c h he alleged
that
such
an
assassination
would not have t a k e n place
during General Franco's rule
and praised the tough security
p o l i c e as " guardians of peace " .
A f t e r the f u n e r a l , demonstrators marched to the offices of
the
provincial
government,
where officials' acceded to their
angry demands to d i s p l a y the
Spanish and N a v a r r a flags.
The k i l l i n g not.only deepened
the s p l i t between centralist;
and h o m e - r u l e r s ; i t isolatec
further the extreme left w i n ;
of Basque . n a t i o n a l i s m , i n c l u d
ing . minority
parties
tha
openly support the E T A .
I n a statement the Basqui
Socialist P a r t y c a l l e d the k i l l
in<7 nrvt n-nlv a crimp b u t :
IÓ
F r o m H a r r y Debelius
w h i c h is God's, a n d unto God
M a d r i d , N o v 27
that w h i c h i s C a e s a r ' s " . A
T h e R o m a n C a t h o l i c ChVfrcTt, l e a d i n g a r t i c l e i n the newsa c h a m p i o n of l i b e r t y i n t h e paper accused the h i e r a r c h y of
latter years
of the
F r a n c o i n t e r f e r i n g i n p o l i t i c a l affairs.
regime, yesterday
denounced
D u r i n g t h e bishops'
press
proposed
constitution
the
drawn up by a committee of conference, C a r d i n a l E n r i q u e y
T a r a n c o n expressed the fear
Parliament.
that
Spain
might
change
A
spokesman
for
the
" f r o m a confessional state to a
national
Episcopal
Council
beliligerently
anti-confessional
a i d after a m e e t i n g of t h a t state ". H e m a i n t a i n e d : " T h e
Madrid
that
the state should recognize that we
)ody
in
bishops o b j e c t e d to the w a y C a t h o l i c s aire a m a j o r i t y . "
such matters as d i v o r c e , aborT h e document c r i t i c i z i n g the
t i o n a n d education were d e a l t
constitution
was
with- i n the document. Trier p r o p o s e d
meeting was p r e s i d e d o v e r ' ' b y » a p p r o v e d b y 49 of the 59
bishops attending t h e meeting.
C a r d i n a l E n r i q u e y Tarancón,
N i n e v o t e d against i t a n d one
A r c h b i s h o p of M a d r i d .
abstained.
T h e ' b i s h o p s c l a i m that u n A s a g r i m b a c k g r o u n d to the
less the d r a f t of t h e constituseparatists
last
t i o n ' i s changed, " i t w i l l n o t d U o i s s i o n ,
correspond s u f f i c i e n t l y 10 the n i g h t assassinated t h e chief o f
the
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
p
o
l
i
c
e
of
the
Basr e l i g i o u s r e a l i t y of the S p a i n i s h
p e o p l e " : T h e y argue that the q u e c i t y of P a m p l o n a . E a r l i e r
constitution
should
p r o h i b i t i n the day Basque members of
abortion a n d guarantee
" t h e P a r l i a m e n t b a d a p p r o v e d the ,
text of a p r o v i s i o n a l autonomy I
s t a b i l i t y o f m a t r i m o n y a n d the
statute f o r t h e i r r e g i o n .
i n t e g r a l development
of
the
T h e e x t r e m i s t organization
family".
They
also
say
it
responsibility
s h o u l d take a s t a n d on p u b l i c E T A . accepted
m o r a l i t y a n d e v e n promise sup- f o r the k i l l i n g .
p o r t to T h i r d W o r l d countries.
The
reaction
to
the
h i e r a r c h y ' s a p p r a i s a l of
the
document was swift. P e r d i s i s ,
an i n c i s i v e cartoonist whose
sketches a p p e a r i n the newspaper El Pais, showed C a r d i n a l
E n r i q u e y Tarancón t e l l i n g a
m a n : " R e n d e r unto G o d that
F r o m Our Correspondent
M a d r i d , N o v 29
A young m a n n e d woman has
said she set off a p o w e r f u l
bomb at the offices of a M a d r i d
d a i l y newspaper because i t h a d
accused
her
revolutionary
organization of being sponsored
by the right w i n g , according to
reports p u b l i s h e d here today.
T h e w o m a n , who was arrested
on F r i d a y a n d
subsequently
accused of t e r r o r i s t activities,
a d m i t t e d at a news conference
i n the c e n t r a l police
headquarters here yesterday that she
placed the explosives
which
caused £171,000 w o r t h of dam-
age to the offices and press
room of the newspaper
Diario16 on J u n e 26.
A c k n o w l e d g i n g that she was
a member of Grapo ( F i r s t of
October A n t i f a s c i s t R e v o l u t i o n ary G r o u p s ) ,
Seiiora
Elvira
Dieguez S i l v e i r a de M u i n o s ,
aged 19, e x p l a i n e d : " D i a r i o - 1 6
said that we were managed b y
the C I A a n d that we were an
extreme r i g h t - w i n g group, and
that is not t r u e . "
R e g a r d i n g the aims of Grapo,
she s a i d : " W e are t r y i n g to
overthrow F r a n c o i s m and our
arguments are s t i l l v a l i d despite
the democratic s i t u a t i o n . "
Fu
nd
a
ci
ón
, x
TR
woman admits placing
bomb in Madrid office
ol
a
ivavana
divided
on Basque
issue
\L
:
:
ón
ci
nd
a
Fu
N
C
IÓ
AN
SI
TR
pa
ño
la
Es