Yachting Victoria Inc
ABN 26 176 852 642
2 / 77 Beach Road
SANDRINGHAM VIC 3191
Tel 03 9597 0066
YACHTING VICTORIA YARDSTICKS - 2012-13
Fax 03 9598 7384
Date: 9th Dec 2012
Version: 3.2
INTRODUCTION
These yardsticks are prepared to provide the fairest possible calculation of results for
mixed fleet racing. New and modified classes appear every year and it is important to
gather information and review results as quickly as possible.
For dinghy classes there have been minimal changes to the original Yardsticks published
for the 2012/13 season, as results for review have not been forthcoming. In the absence
of race results data for dinghy classes and new internationally sourced classes, where
there is yardstick data from overseas available, a comparison is made with other
international classes to derive an equivalent Yachting Victoria yardstick value. This is
explained further down in this document.
Fortunately for catamaran classes, there has been significant work done by the Kurnell
Catamaran Club in reviewing various catamaran ratings, as well as validating the ratings
against the international SCHRS system. This work has now been incorporated into the
YV yardsticks for catamaran classes. Much appreciation goes to KCC for this good work.
USE OF THE YV YARDSTICKS
A club which intends to run a race or event under the Yachting Victoria Yardstick system
should include in the Notice of Race and in the Sailing Instructions clauses based on the
following:
1 The version of the YV Yardstick System
mixed class fleet racing results.
that is to be used in calculating the
2 The YV Yardstick numbers to be used for each class, adjusted as necessary for
variations from Base Rig.
- or
2 The YV Yardstick numbers will be those published by the Race Committee ‘n’
minutes prior to the start of the first*/each* race.
- or
2 YV Yardstick numbers will be those listed hereunder:3 Boats without YV Yardstick numbers published in the current listing will be
allocated an estimated Trial Number
- or
Page 1
3 Boats without YV Yardstick numbers published in the current listing will be
allocated numbers
4 Whether or not YV Yardstick numbers will be adjusted during the series.
When deciding upon which of the Sailing Instructions listed at 2 above a club should use,
the club should remember that the listed YV Yardstick numbers are derived from
Yardstick Returns of racing on all kinds of water: sea, estuary, river and lake. The YV
Yardstick numbers are therefore an average and thus, particularly with dinghies, may
not necessarily be applicable to any one club. Accordingly, if after racing, a listed YV
Yardstick numbers appears to be inequitable, a club may consider a change to the YV
Yardstick numbers. All such changed YV Yardstick numbers rank as Trial or Club
Numbers.
ONGOING VALADITY OF YARDSTICKS
In order to assure the continued validity of yardsticks, mixed fleet race result returns
must be received. Electronic submission of results containing the information set out
below is encouraged as it enables processing of the information in a timely manner.
Yachting administrators are encouraged to ensure that results are submitted as soon as
possible.
Event organisers are reminded that it is their responsibility to ensure that sufficient data
is provided to YACHTING VICTORIA to validate the yardsticks of the classes. To ensure
the ongoing reliability of YACHTING VICTORIA yardsticks for all forms of interclass
racing at club and regatta level a consistent and steady supply of results are necessary.
Data for each heat of an event needs to include the following:Date and location of the event.
Contact details of results officers.
Event grade:
• State based or open interclass championships.
• Whether sailors have achieved National, State or Club champion status.
Conditions:
• Wind strength, wind state (gusty, shift, etc.)
• Sea state: wave height, effects of current
• Local conditions, such as land effects, currents
Course sailed by each division. This needs to include:
• leg length (this is desirable but not mandatory),
• course angles (desirable - relative to wind direction or compass bearing)
• course configuration (desirable: W-L; Triangle, W-L; etc.)
• number of legs sailed (desirable)
• overall distance for each division (required).
Race results for each boat, including:
• Class
• Sail number, skipper’s name
Page 2
Elapsed times for competitors (or start time and finish times).
•
Other information:
• Suggested review of ratings for specific classes.
The above race result data needs to be submitted in an electronic format, such as
spreadsheet or CSV extract from your race software. A sample submission spreadsheet
is included below.
V1.0
Yachting Victoria OTB Results return form
Results to be used for Yardstic k c alc ulations
Date and loc ation of event.
Contac t details
Event grade:
Conditions:
Wind strength
Sea state
Current effects
Local conditions
e.g. State based or open interclass championships.
e.g. 1 metre
e.g. SW breeze, open water, nill land effect
cou
rse
ang
(des
les
irab
le)
cou
rse
(de config
sira
ble)
Boat
SKIPPER
CREW
num
ber
sai le of leg
s
d
(de
sira
ble)
Cou
rse
(e.g sailed
.WL
, TS
T)
leg
leng
ths
(de
sira
ble)
Class
Start time
Optimist
10:05:00
Sabot
10:10:00
CadetInternational
10:15:00
Laser
10:20:00
Minnow
10:10:00
LaserRadial
10:20:00
dist
anc
e
(req
uire
d)
Cou
rse
leng
th
Example race details
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
2.05
Race results (example extraced from Top Yacht)
Finish Times for Race 1
HR
MN
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
SC
37
40
44
43
37
42
44
43
38
41
44
DidNot
23
59
26
2
53
37
51
40
45
44
59
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sail No
Class
737
7056
9551
196446
O610
1145
9285
1
564
4465
5509
Optimist CRACKERJACK
SYC
Sabot
TIGER BITEBRYC/SYC
CadetInternational
SEA-YA
ASC
Laser
DUCK N WEAVE
SYC
Optimist JACKA
SSCBC
Minnow BLONDES AWAY
BYS
CadetInternational
UNCUT
ASC
LaserRadialSYC
Optimist GOANNA SSCBC
Sabot
I SPY
RBYC
CadetInternational
SAMARANSYC
YV race results return sheet - V1
From
Microsoft Excel
97-2003 Worksheet
Page 3
To obtain an electronic copy of the return sheet, go to www.vic.yachting.org.au and
follow the links “Sailing & Boating” / OTB.
Enquires with regard to new classes or classes not listed should be directed to the
Yardstick Co-Ordinator c/o YACHTING VICTORIA at:
[email protected].
REVISION OF RATINGS
Class Associations wishing to question their ratings must ensure that YACHTING
VICTORIA receives sufficient data to conduct that review. This involves ensuring that
clubs that are organising multi class events (in particular Regattas and Class titles),
where several classes sail the same course, forward the results to the YACHTING
VICTORIA Yardstick Co-Ordinator in the required format.
Where a rapid review is required the Class Association should forward sufficient data to
allow that review to be conducted.
USE OF THE YARDSTICK
The aim of the yardstick is to provide a basis for yachts of different ratings to compete
fairly when sailed well. The yardstick is not intended to compensate for differences in
skills or competence of individual sailors (that is a handicap). The yardstick is calculated
and maintained on a statistical basis and within broad limits remains valid for a variety
of wind strengths and courses sailed. Comparison of yachts of different classes sailing
different courses is outside the scope of the current rating system.
Yardsticks are based on the current design of a class unless otherwise noted. It normally
takes 12 months for a major change in class rules to be incorporated into the yardstick,
as results have to be gathered and assessed. For example the current yardsticks for
Cherubs and Javelins are for boats with an asymmetric kite not for the previously
standard symmetrical kite. Where major changes are occurring within class designs the
associations should inform the yardstick co-ordinator of these changes and try and
ensure that results submitted indicate the boats sailing under the changed design.
DEFINITIONS
Elapsed Time (ET) is the time taken (in minutes and decimal minutes, or in seconds)
for a boat to sail a proper course.
Corrected Time (CT) is the elapsed time divided by the boat's class yardstick (YS) and
multiplied by 100
Standard Boat Time (SBT) is the corrected time for the first boat on corrected times
to sail a proper course. Alternatively, a consistently sailed boat finishing in the top five
of the fleet, on corrected time, can be taken as the standard boat
Back Calculated Yardstick (BCYS) is the corrected time divided by the standard boat
time and multiplied by its own yardstick.
Performance Factor (PF) is the BCYS divided by the boat's class yardstick. This is
used to rate the class yardstick
Page 4
CT
=
ETxlOO
YS
BCYS =
CT x YS
SBT
PF
BCYS
YS
=
FURTHER HANDICAPPING
Further assistance with regard to handicapping on a club basis may be obtained by
contacting the Yardstick Co-Ordinator c/o YACHTING VICTORIA or via Email at
[email protected]
TRAILABLE YACHT CONVERSION FACTOR
The Class Basic Handicap system (CBH) is recommended for trailable yachts. For
occasions when trailable yachts compete with off-the-beach yachts, it is possible to
convert CBH to Tentative Yardstick by the formula:
Yardstick
=
K
CBH
For 2011/12 season K = 80.25
When using K to create tentative yardsticks for trailable yachts the result should be
rounded down to the nearest 0.1 to preserve the differential between trailables given
by their CBH’s
MIXED CLASS RACING
The best racing occurs when the fleet consists of only one Class, as in State Titles. So,
whenever possible, clubs should arrange for a Class to race separately if there are
sufficient numbers. For other yachts, divisions should be formed by grouping yachts as
shown below:
First preference
Monohulls
Catamarans
Trailable yachts
Sailboards
This may be subdivided into fast and slow divisions related to yardsticks or if sufficient
yachts of a class are present they may form a separate division.
Second preference
Monohulls / trailable yachts
Catamarans
Sailboards
In this case it will be necessary to apply the Trailable Yacht conversion factor to obtain
tentative yardsticks.
Page 5
Third preference
Fast monohulls and sailboards
Slow monohulls and trailable yachts
Catamarans
Where fewer than four sailboards compete in an event, they may be grouped with the
monohulls. Owing to the many types of sailboards, whose performance varies with sail
area and wind strength, their yardsticks should be treated as tentative.
Mixed Class Correction Factor
The Mixed Class Correction Factor (MCCF) applies to fleets containing multihulls and
monohulls or sailboards and monohulls. The MCCF is derived by dividing the sum of the
5 lowest corrected times for monohulls by the sum of the 5 lowest corrected times for
the multihulls or sailboards.
The corrected time for each multihull or sailboard is now further corrected by multiplying
it by the MCCF
Notes:
1. Where the fleet contains multihulls, monohulls and sailboards 2 separate
MCCF’s must be calculated
2. MCCF's will give extraneous results with very small groups. They
should not be used where there is less than 5 of either of the groups under
consideration.
NEW INTERNATIONAL CLASS PROVISIONAL RATINGS
For new classes that do not have a current YV yardstick but have a yardstick under
either the UK Portsmouth (RYA) or US Portsmouth systems, a yardstick comparison is
made with a base set of international classes.
The comparison classes are 470, 505, Contender, Fireball, Laser Radial, OK dinghy and
Tasar. This mix was chosen as it represents a good cross mix of international classes
sailed under the YV system and has a consistent comparison between the three systems.
Other classes have not been chosen as they are not in both the RYA and US systems or
the variances were too great to be considered.
NEW OTB CATAMARAN CLASSES - PROVISIONAL RATINGS
For new OTB Catamaran Classes that have a yardstick under the US Portsmouth and/or
UK Portsmouth (RYA) systems, a yardstick conversion is made with the F18 as the
comparison or base class. The F18 class is well represented in large numbers with
reliable, validated mixed fleet race data across Europe, USA, UK and Australia and
represents an ideal class to standardize on for conversion between various yardstick
systems. Where no suitable international yardstick is available for conversion, and/or for
validation of these yardsticks, the ISAF recognized Small Catamaran Handicap Rating
System (SCHRS - see below) will be applied (and converted to a YV yardstick) should
suitable and reliable class measurement data be available.
Page 6
Similarly, where an existing class modifies class rules and these changes can be readily
input under SCHRS, a revised YV yardstick has or can be calculated.
Note: All such new and/or modified yardsticks are regarded as “Tentative” until verified
and/or amended by subsequent reliable and extensive mixed fleet regatta race data.
Manufacturers and/or Australian distributors of new and/or modified catamaran classes
are encouraged to submit relevant measurement data to Yachting Victoria for
consideration. Please refer to www.schrs.com for measurement data required and/or
email queries to [email protected].
APPLICABILITY OF CATAMARAN YARDSTICKS
Yardsticks for OTB Catamarans have been determined based on results of mixed fleet
racing at major regattas and/or club racing, generally over a wide range of
wind/wave/tidal conditions, but predominately in moderate to fresh winds on coastal
and/or estuary waters (i.e. - typical average conditions at most Australian sailing
venues/waters). Under these wind/wave conditions (say consistently 15 knots+) sloop
rigged (2 up) variants of some classes (e.g. Taipan 4.9, Mosquito et al) typically
outperform the cat rigged (1 up) variant, whereas in light/moderate conditions (say
consistently under 10 knots) the 2 variants are much closer or equal in performance.
Race Officers at inland waters clubs and/or sailing venues where conditions are protected
from the elements, with smooth waters and generally light winds, may wish to modify YV
yardsticks for these or other classes, based on observed performances between racing
crews of similar skills across various classes. All such “locally derived” yardsticks are not
to be referred to as YV yardsticks but “Club” yardsticks or some other similar term. Race
Officers should be alert for and not permit regatta/club entrants “cherry picking” race
conditions and sailing cat and/or sloop rigged to suit conditions vs yardstick, with results
then aggregated under 1 entrant. Sailing Instructions should be worded to prohibit such
actions.
SMALL CATAMARAN HANDICAP RATING SYSTEM (SCHRS)
The ISAF has adopted the SCHRS as the preferred system of rating (or allocating
yardsticks) for small “off the beach” racing catamarans. This system has significant merit
in simplifying, improving and reducing the time and effort required in the
calculation/validation of yardsticks for small OTB catamarans. However, the current
formulae and class measurement system has several anomalies when calculating ratings
(yardsticks) for some popular Australian classes, especially for smaller, light weight cat
rigged versions of some popular classes. Indications are that the generally greater
average wind strengths on Australian coastal waters may be the prime driver behind
these anomalies, as well as average crew weights adopted across all classes, irrespective
of boat length. Discussions are proceeding with the SCHRS World Council to address
these anomalies within the measurement formulae. Ultimately, the SCHRS system may
be applied in Australia using an agreed conversion factor to determine/validate YV
yardsticks. However, irrespective of the above, it is anticipated that YV yardsticks will
remain the predominant yardstick system for use in Australian waters.
Further information is available at www.schrs.com
Page 7
YARDSTICKS 2011 – 2012
MONOHULLS
These yardsticks are valid as at 1st December 2012.
RELIABLE
125
12 ‘ Skiff
14 ‘ Skiff
16 ‘ Skiff
18 ‘ Skiff
145
29er
420
470
49er
PROBABLE
TENTATIVE
123.0
91.5
86.5
85.5
68.0
113.0
96.5
112.0
101.0
79.9
Based on comparison with RYA and
US yardsticks
505
5/50
ACCESS 2.3 DINGHY
ACCESS 303 DINGHY
ACCESS Liberty
B14
97.5
99.0
175.0
166.0
132.0
94.40
BANSHEE
Byte
113.0
121.1
Byte CII
114.8
CANOE INTERNATIONAL
CANOE INTERNATIONAL
CADET INTERNATIONAL
CADET 12’
CHERUB
CONTENDER
CORSAIR
E CLASS (LAZY E)
EUROPE DINGHY
FIREBALL
FINN
FLYING ANT
FLYING 11
FLYING DUTCHMAN
Formula Fifteen
HARTLEY TS 16 W/O
MOTOR
HERON
IMPULSE
IMPULSE 6.6
International 2.4
JAVELIN
JUBILEE
JOLLYBOAT
LASER
LASER RADIAL
LASER 4.7
LEADER CAT
MANLY GRADUATE
MICRON 3
MINNOW
MIRACLE
MIRROR
MIRROR
MUSTO SKIFF
NOTES
93.5
90.0
Based on comparison with RYA and
US yardsticks
Based on comparison with RYA and
US yardsticks
Based on comparison with RYA and
US yardsticks
Nethercott rule - Pre 2008
Post Jan 2009 Design - Results
Needed
153.0
127.0
106.5
107.5
119.5
113.0
120.0
101.0
113.5
136.0
131.0
93.0
92.0
125.0
145.0
118.5
124.5
137.0
97.5
129.0
106.0
Smaller than full rig Impulse
113.0
116.0
122.0
117.0
106.0
128.0
168.5
130.0
143.0
142.0
94.0
Gunter Rig
Bermuda Rig- Results needed
Based on comparison with RYA and
US yardsticks
Page 8
RELIABLE
MOTH SKIFF
Moth Scow
Moth - Foiler
Moth - Bladerider RX (One
Design)
NS14
OK DINGHY
Optimist
PACER
P class
PROBABLE
TENTATIVE
103.0
115.0
78.0
78.0
108.0
115.5
166.5
127.5
157.7
Rooster
110.7
RS100
105.0
RS200
111.4
SABRE
SPARROW
SOLO
SABOT
SABOT Junior (2 UP)
SHARPIE
SPORTSKIFF
SPIRAL
TASAR
Vee Jay
NOTES
Based on comparison with NZ
yardsticks
Based on comparison with RYA
yardsticks
Based on comparison with RYA
yardsticks
Based on comparison with RYA
yardsticks
127.0
145.0
125.0
160.5
167.0
95.0
104.5
124.0
108.0
135.0
* Where any doubt exists as to which type the boat is. The Lower Yardstick for the
class MUST be used
Note, those highlighted with green above have been derived from RYA and/or US yardstick values using the
method described above.
Page 9
YARDSTICKS 2011 – 2012
RELIABLE
DIAMOND
DRAGON
E22
FLYING FIFTEEN **
FLYING FIFTEEN Mk 1 Hull**
SOLING
STAR
YNGLING
KEELBOATS
PROBABLE
TENTATIVE
103.0
107.0
93.0
NOTES
109.0
112.0
97.0
98.0
103.0
** Where any doubt exists as to which type the boat is. The Lower Yardstick for the class MUST be used
YARDSTICKS 2012 - 2013 CATAMARANS
RELIABLE
A Class (International)
A Class (Standard)
A Class (Classic)
PROBABLE
TENTATIVE
Generally post 2010 designs, including latest design
and technology enhancements
Generally post 2004 designs, but including carbon
spars and Square Top Main
Generally pre 2004 designs - no carbon
spars/foils but can include Square Top Main
68
69.5
71
Arafura
113
Arrow
89
Calypso 14A
93
Calypso 14R
92.5
Calypso 16
85.5
Calypso 4.4
85
Caper Cat
103
Cobra
84
Dolphin
85
F14
72
F16
F18
SCHRS (F14 Box Rules)
69
67.5
Standard Class Portsmouth/SCHRS/YV conversions
Hobie 14
93.5
Hobie 14 Turbo
89.5
Hobie 16
NOTES
1 up trap
83
Hobie 16 + Spin
78.5
Hobie 17 (with wings)
SCHRS for spin of 17.5 m2 (F16 max)
82.5
Hobie 18
77
Kitty Cat
99
Maricat 4.3 Cat
94
1 up: -2 for Foam Sandwich Hulls ***
Maricat 4.3 Sloop
92
2 up: -2 for Foam Sandwich Hulls ***
Maricat 4.3 Super Sloop
90
1 up trap: -2 for Foam Sandwich Hulls ***
Maricat 5.0
Mosquito Cat (Mk1)
80
83
Mosquito Cat + Spin
Mosquito Sloop (Mk11)
Mosquito Sloop + Spin
1 up
1 up - spin of 17.5m2 (F16 max)
77
82
2 up
76
2 up - SCHRS for spin of 17.5 m2 (F16 max)
Page 10
RELIABLE
PROBABLE
TENTATIVE
NOTES
Nacra 14 sq
84.5
-2 for Square Top Main (SCHRS)
Nacra 16 sq
79.5
-2.5 for Square Top Main (SCHRS)
Nacra 18 sq
73.5
Nacra 430 Sloop
88
1 up trap (SCHRS)
Nacra 430 Sloop + Spin
84
1 up trap (SCHRS)
Nacra 5.0 Sloop
83
Nacra 5.0 Cat
Nacra 5.2
85.5
(SCHRS)
72.5
1 up (Note: This is NOT the IOC Olympic Class)
78
Nacra 17 (Uni)
Nacra 5.8
72.5
Nacra 5.8 + Spin
69
(SCHRS for spin of 24m2)
Nacra 17 (IOC Olympic Class)
67
(SCHRS)
Prindle 18
79
(SCHRS)
Scat
96
Stingray Mk11
71
Paper Tiger
91.5
Prindle 15
88
Prindle 16
83
Taipan 4.9 Cat
77
Taipan 4.9 Cat + Spin
69
Taipan 4.9 Sloop
72
Taipan 4.9 Sloop + Spin
69
Taipan 5.7
(SCHRS)
F16
F16
68.5
Taipan 5.7 + Spin
65.5
(SCHRS for spin of 23 m2)
Tornado (International)
63.5
Post 2001 Class Rules Amendments
Tornado Standard
64.5
Square Top Main, 2 traps + spin + no carbon spars
Tornado Classic
69
Pre 2001 – No spin, No Square Top Main, 1 trap
Viper Cat
69
1 up - F16
Viper Sloop
69
2 up - F16
Yvonne
85.5
Windrush 4.3 Cat
92
-3.5 for Square Top Main (SCHRS)
Windrush 4.3 Sloop
90
2 up: –2.5 for Square Top Main (SCHRS)
Windrush 4.3 Super Sloop
87
1 up + Trap: - 2.5 for Square Top Main (SCHRS)
*** Where there is any doubt, Foam Sandwich Hulls are assumed.
Page 11
The following table of adjustments is provided for the guidance of handicappers. Any resulting yardsticks must
be regarded as tentative and should be further adjusted in the light of race results. If a boat is entered and a claim
is made to use one of the following adjustment factors which increase the yardstick of the boat, it is
recommended that contravening these requirements should be regarded as a breach of Fundamental Rule 2
and be indicated as such in the sailing instructions. All adjustments are made on the current yardstick for the rig
defined in the yardstick list.
Change to Rig
Non Asymmetric to Asymmetric Spinnaker
Asymmetric to Non Asymmetric Spinnaker
Spinnaker to No Spinnaker
No –Spinnaker to Spinnaker
Reduction in crew size
Sloop rigged cat sailed 1 up
Single hander sailed 2 up Base yardstick 140+
No Trapeze to Trapeze
Adjustment to Yardstick
- 1.5%
+1.5%
+2.3%
-3.1%
-2.0%
-4.5%
+4.2%
-3%
ARCHIVAL YARDSTICKS
The archival yardsticks listed below are ratings recorded for each class. The year indicates when the last
information was recorded. This is a partial list.
MONOHULLS
Class
X3 RESORT
Handicap
164.0
Year
2005
X3 ED
161.0
2005
X3 FUN
147.0
2005
Vee Ess
102.0
2007
Class
Handicap
SUNDANCE 5.0
Hobie 20
Hobie 17 Sport
Alpha Omega 4.3
Alpha Omega 5.0
Aquakat
84.0
73.0
79.0
88.0
82.0
87.0
Year
2005
2007
2007
2007
2007
2007
CATAMARANS
Change to Rig
Non Asymmetric to Asymmetric Spinnaker
Asymmetric to Non Asymmetric Spinnaker
Spinnaker to No Spinnaker
No –Spinnaker to Spinnaker
Reduction in crew size
Sloop rigged cat sailed 1 up
Single hander sailed 2 up Base yardstick
140+
No Trapeze to Trapeze
Adjustment to Yardstick
- 1.5%
+1.5%
+2.3%
-3.1%
-2.0%
-4.5%
+4.2%
-3%
Page 12
SAILBOARDS
The following yardsticks are provided for guidance for handicapping sailboards in mixed fleet racing. Mixed
fleet results involving sailboards are urgently required, as these yardsticks have not been reviewed for many
years.
Class
International Raceboard(Flat bottom planing boards)
Division II Round bottom, displacement boards open
class
Division II Funboards pre 1987
Open Class
Windsurfer one design
Junior under 16 any board
Under 13 years any board
Sail Area
sq.m.
7.5 max
7.3 max
Yardstick
Lightweight
97
102
Yardstick
Heavyweight
99
104
7.3 max
107
6.5 max
6.5 max
5.5 max
112
115
127
110
93
116
Weight is the sailor's dry weight fully equipped including harness and safety gear. Heavy weight is greater than
81 cgs. In wind strengths consistently over Force 4 (15 knots) the yardstick for heavyweight sailors shall be the
same as the yardstick for lightweight sailors..
Page 13