Magnification:
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KATIE SCOTT
Enter here to explore the animal kingdom
in all its glory...
Animalium
This pocket-sized edition of Katie Scott’s
bestselling book presents a world of perfectly
scaled-down wonders. Immerse yourself in the
galleries and discover an astonishing array of
exhibits, all carefully curated and beautifully
brought to life by an award-winning illustrator.
Welcome to the Museum
Welcome to the miniature
museum of Animalium.
Animalium
Illustrated by
Written by
K AT I E S C O T T
J E N N Y B RO O M
ANIMALIUM
Entrance
This museum is unlike any you’ve visited
before. Open twenty-four hours a day,
seven days a week, its collection boasts an
unrivalled catalogue of the world’s finest
and most extraordinary creatures, with
each exhibit in immaculate condition and
presented in fantastic detail.
Wander through the pages of the museum to see the
story of life on Earth unfold. Every chapter takes you to a
different gallery, which displays a particular class of animal,
such as reptiles, birds or mammals. The species are arranged
in evolutionary order to show how the animal kingdom has
developed over time.
Pause to inspect each exhibit carefully. Some rooms
showcase related animals; others give you the chance to enter
the museum’s dissection laboratories; others house terrariums
of the world’s habitats. It’s the only museum of its kind.
So enter Animalium and see the animal kingdom in all its glory.
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I N V E R T E B R AT E S
Porifera
Invertebrates – animals without a jointed spine – evolved around 540 million
years ago, making them Earth’s earliest animals. Porifera, or sponges, are thought
to be the first phylum to have evolved from single-celled creatures. Fossils found
in southern Australia suggest sponges lived there up to 665 million years ago.
Living exclusively underwater, sponges can be found in all habitats, from
tropical seas to icy waters. With no nervous system or organs, they are
incapable of thought or movement. However, like other animals, sponges
sense and react to their environments, and eat food (bacteria).
Sponges all have structures based around a hollow central cavity (like a
chimney) surrounded by holes. This allows water to flow through the cavity,
nourishing the sponge with food and oxygen and carrying away carbon dioxide.
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Key to plate
1: Cross-section of bath sponge
6: Yellow finger sponge
2: Calcareous sponge
7: Venus’s flower basket sponge
3: Bath sponge
8: Purse sponge
4: Stove-pipe sponge
9: Giant barrel sponge
Spongia officinalis; Length: 35 cm
Callyspongia ramosa; Length: 30 cm
Leucosolenia botryoides; Length: 1.2 cm
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Euplectella aspergillum; Length: 42 cm
Spongia officinalis; Length: 35 cm
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Grantia compressa; Length: 15 cm
Aplysina archeri; Length: 1.15 m
Xestospongia muta; Length: 2 m
5: Orange fan sponge
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Stylissa flabelliformis; Length: 30 cm
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I N V E R T E B R AT E S
Cephalopods
The cephalopod family, which includes squids and octopuses, dominated
the seas several million years before fish evolved. There are now around
800 species of cephalopod, which live in every ocean on Earth.
The word cephalopod means ‘head-feet’ in Greek, which reflects their
anatomy. Their size is recorded by the length of their body cavity, called a
mantle, which sits behind the head. Their large brains and advanced senses
make them sociable creatures able to communicate with one another.
Cephalopods can change colour to camouflage themselves or ward off
predators. They have sucker-like tentacles, and swim by taking in water and
shooting it out to move forward by jet propulsion.They also produce ink and,
when threatened, can release an inky cloud to confuse predators.
Key to plate
1: Long-armed squid
Chiroteuthis veranyi; Length: 12.5 cm
3: Angel octopus
Velodona togata; Length: 16 cm
2: Whip-lash squid
Mastigoteuthis microlucens; Length: 10 cm
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I N V E R T E B R AT E S
Cnidaria
There are over 10,000 known cnidarian species and they come in widely
diverse forms. Some, such as sea anemones and corals, are static polyps,
which means they attach themselves to rocks. Others, such as the box jellyfish,
are free-moving, and contract their body shape to move. Despite looking
different, these species are uniformly aquatic and all have a decentralised
nervous system (with no brain or heart) and a harpoon-like stinger.
Cnidarians are carnivorous, but they are not built to chase or hunt. Instead,
they wait for unwitting prey to brush past their tentacles – this activates a
hairlike trigger, causing a toxic capsule to eject and harpoon their victim.
A cnidarian’s sting can paralyse and kill its prey, and an unlucky encounter with
the species can be extremely painful – and sometimes fatal – for humans, too.
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1: Black sea nettle
6: Brain coral
2: White-spotted jellyfish
7: Stalked jellyfish
3: Pacific sea nettle
8: Blue button jellyfish
4: Dahlia anemone
9: Flowerpot coral
Chrysaora achlyos; Diameter: 91 cm
Diploria labyrinthiformis; Diameter: 2 m
Phyllorhiza punctata; Diameter: 47 cm
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Haliclystus stejnegeri; Height: 15 cm
Chrysaora fuscescens; Diameter: 27 cm
Porpita porpita; Diameter: 2.5 cm
Urticina felina; Diameter: 12 cm
Goniopora djiboutiensis; Diameter: 1 m
5: Staghorn coral
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Acropora cervicornis; Height: 2 m
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I N V E R T E B R AT E S
Flying Insects
Insects are an order of arthropod, making them closely related to crustaceans
(crabs and lobsters), arachnids (spiders and scorpions) and myriapods
(centipedes and millipedes). All arthropods have segmented bodies, jointed
limbs and exoskeletons, which are hard bodies with no internal bones.
Insects are the only invertebrates that have evolved to fly. There are at least
one million species of insects, together making up over 80 per cent of all living
species on Earth. From birth, all insects experience a form of metamorphosis,
gradually achieving maturity by undergoing a series of bodily changes.
A well-known example is the transformation from caterpillar to butterfly.
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1: Blue Mormon butterfly
7: Plains lubber grasshopper
2: Crane fly
8: Luna moth
3: Mayfly
9: Common green grasshopper
4: Emperor dragonfly
10: Common wasp
5: Atlas moth
11: Great black wasp
Sphex pensylvanicus; Length: 2.8 cm
Tipula paludosa; Wingspan: 4 cm
Ephemeroptera; Wingspan: 1.5 cm
Anax imperator; Length: 7.8 cm
Attacus atlas; Wingspan: 30 cm
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Key to plate
Papilio polymnestor; Wingspan: 13 cm
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Brachystola magna; Length: 5 cm
Actias luna; Wingspan: 10 cm
Omocestus viridulus; Length: 2 cm
Vespula vulgaris; Length: 1.4 cm
6: Pale snaketail dragonfly
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Ophiogomphus severus; Length: 5 cm
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