The Impact of the Fertilization Formula “3414”on the Quality and Product After Planting of the
Greenhouse
Cai Ziping1,2, 3, 4, Chen Yuan1,3, Wang Hongxia2,4, Wang Guoxiang1, 3, 4
1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
2. The Gansu province Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
3. Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
4. Chinese Herbal Medicines Germplasm Improvement and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory, Lanzhou, China
Abstract: The relation between the fertilizer that N, P and K fertilizer applied and the angelica output has to be studied when the Angelica is
transplanted and seedlinged to build the transplanting fertilization model from the greenhouse to the field. the Soil Testing Formula “3414”
for seedling angelicain the greenhouse was carried out in Tanchang County, along with a series of statistical analysis for the different ratio
of the fertilizer, growth and development situation, production and bolting rate, etc. And initially set up the equation of the fertilizer function
model that are Angelica N, P, K as following: Y=1638.71-4.99X1+17.92X2+24.64X3-0.65x12-0.84X22+ 0.82X32+2.10X1X2+0.22X1X34.84X2X3. It is ensured that the product of seedling transplantation reached to the maximum 1932.52kg/hm2 so that to have won the best
fertilizer rate of N: 81.15kg/hm2, P2O5: 80.67 kg/hm2, and K2O:29.78 kg/hm2.
Keywords: angelica; "3414" fertilizer experiment; formula fertilization; fertilization effect
1. Introduction
Angelica is a kind umbelliferae plant that is commonly used rare traditional Chinese herbs and the dried root has the function of
enriching the blood and invigorating the circulation of blood, regulating the menstruation, analgesic effect and relaxing bowel [1].With the
increase of the amount of medicinal and edible market demand, where the planting area is expending year by year and the seedlings
reqirement is increasing as well [2].Due to the greenhouse seedlings can significantly reduce the rate of bolting, a large number of scholars
performed the research and study to the angelica seedlings of the greenhouse in recent years. It has initially solved the seedling technology
of greenhouse and improved the naked seedling transplanting for the survival rate[3]. But the standardized cultivation technology research is
unclear after transplanting from the greenhouse.
The design of the “3414” experiment is the fertilization scheme of index system that is set up and recmommended by the National
Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center via testing in the open filed which has achieved the initial results on the crops of rice,
corn, wheat,etc.[4] Wang Weini and other fellows took the advantage of the experiment and performed the fertilizer effect test on N, P, K of
the rice which shows that the increase of rice production will increase by 39.1% with the output of 2325 kg.hm-2. The increase on the
production of the rice fertilized with P is 777 kg.hm-2, which inreased by10.4%.The increase on the production of the rice fertilized with K is
400 kg/hm2, which increased by 5.1%. Zhan Xiumei and other fellows took the advantage of the quadratic regression design and had a
research on the fertilization parameter of the corns in spring, by the ternary quadratic of fertilizer response function, the maximum yield
obtained is the lowest in all the functions and the fertilizer input is the lowest, too. The ratio of output to input is relatively high. According
to the linear duality function of the fertilizer effect, the production peak is highest, in dealing with the process K, where the production peak
obtained in the quadratic equation of fertilizer effect and output-input ratio are the highest. The research above lays a strong technical
foundation towards the precision agriculture production on soil testing for crops. However the production of Chinese herbal medicine on soil
testing is still rarely reported. for the angelica growing slow after transplanting from greenhouse, fertilizing with the traditional customs and
they have no professional fertilizer method to seedling and transplant, this research performs a comprehensive analysis and valuation of the
impact on the production after fertilizing and transplanting by the design of “3414” so as to provide the theoretical direction for the
Scientific and rational fertilization after engraftment [5, 6].
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Experimental field situation and materials
The experiment was built up in the Majie village of Tanchang County, Longnan City with the sea level of 2326 meters; the average
temperature of 5.6
℃,
ent is
where
flat the annual precipitati
where the previous crop planted is beans. The soil is dark loessial soil with the chemical properties of 0~20 cm that the organic matter is
-1
-1
-1
-1
29.06 g.kg , total N is 5.04 g.kg ,total P is 0.99 g.kg , and rapidly available K is 280.64 mg.kg .The Angelica seedlings are cradled by the
project term in the Ahelio-greenhouse of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The materials of the experiment are selected with the
seeding age of 150 d and the seedlings size have to be uniform without mechanical damage and bifurcation lesion. The experiment is
conducted by N,P,K respectively using urea ( the total content of N ≥46.4% from Gansu Liuhua Group Ltd), superphosphate
(P 2 O 5 ≥12.0%,from Gansu Silver Tiger Chemical Co. Ltd.),and the potassium sulfate(K 2 O≥21.0% from Golmud Shinco potash co., LTD.)
2.2. Experimental design and mthord
The experiment adapts the full implementation plan of “3414”. The design of “3414” experiment consists of three elements of N, P, K,
four levels and 14 treatments. The implication for the four levels: 0 means not fertilizing, level 2 means the best volume of fertilization at
the location, level 1=level 2 ×0.5, level 3=level 2×1.5. As the result through the field survey, it is confirmed that the fertilizing amount of
level 2 is pure N 150 kg,P 2 O 5 90 kg, and K 2 O 60 kg/ hectare. The fertilizing has to be divided into tow periods: the first period for
fertilizing is that the basic fertilizer is total P, 60% of N and 60% of K when cultivating the land; the second period for fertilizing is that 40%
of N and 40% of K have to be fertilized in the middle of July. The experiment adopts the randomized block design with a total of 14
treatments (chart 1), three repetitions, and a total of 42 villages. The size of plot is 5 m×5 m＝25 ㎡ and every plot has to be covered for five
ridges with the black mulch(the width of the mulch is 100cm and the thickness is 0.005 mm) by the major direction of east-west. The space
between every two ridges is 30cm, the space amid the plots is 50cm, the space between every two lines is 33cm and the spacing in the rows
is 25cm. The experiment field can't be fertilized with organic fertilizer. This transplanting of the experiment started on April 26, 2013 and
adopted the naked seedlings selected by project term which was soaked for 2 hours then transplanting. Open holes on the mulch and put one
seedling on each one of them. Filling the seedlings tight with the soil, whose field management nursing like field production. The number of
the data has to be counted up twice a day after transplanting for ten days and the survival rate has to be computed during the rejuvenation
Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2016
© 2016 DEStech Publications, Inc.
doi:10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/8/213
213.1
period. Starting from 25, May, the growing situation has to be measured by once per 15 days, including the index of plant height, leaves
number, leaves area, bolting number, death number and etc. The angelica were gained and dug out on 30, Oct, 2013. Every singe plot was
calculated by per hour. The surface of the angelica was washed cleaned and put it in the natural air under the shade for 2 hours and weighted
afterwards. It was dried under the temperature of 45
℃
d with
and measured the dried w
the straightedge. The root width was measured with vernier caliper. (Measuring the diameter below 3cm of the basal part.)
No.
Table 1. Experimental Treatment
Treatments
N
P 2 O5 K2 O
F1
N0 P 0 K0
0
0
0
F2
N0 P 2 K2
0
2
2
F3
N1 P 2 K2
1
2
2
F4
N2 P 0 K2
2
0
2
F5
N2 P 1 K2
2
1
2
F6
N2 P 2 K2
2
2
2
F7
N2 P 3 K2
2
3
2
F8
N2 P 2 K0
2
2
0
F9
N2 P 2 K1
2
2
1
F 10
N2 P 2 K3
2
2
3
F 11
N3 P 2 K2
3
2
2
F 12
N1 P 1 K2
1
1
2
F 13
N1 P 2 K1
1
2
1
F 14
N2 P 1 K1
2
1
1
2.3. Statistic analysis of data
Adopt the software of SPSS11.5 to analysis the variance of the test data where the chart drawing has to be under the way of the Excel
2007.
3. The results and analysis
3.1. The impact of the formula fertilization of 3414 experiment on rejuvenation period, survival rate and the bolting-rate.
From the chart 2, there is not any impact for the respective treatment on the rate of the survival rate and the bolting-rate during the
Rejuvenation Period and the rate of the return green for respective treatment is equally higher than 98%. But the impact for the respective
treatment on the bolting-rate is obvious. Comparing to the bolting-rate in the chart 2, the highest bolting-rate is 2.68% then is the treatment
N 2 P 3 K 2 with the highest bolting-rate of 2.63%. The lowest bolting-rate is the treatment N 1 P 1 K 2 with the rate of 1.15%.
Table 2. Fertilization rate and bolting rate of angelica 3414 experiment
Survival Rate Bolting-rate
Survival Rate Bolting-rate
Treatments Rejuvenation(d)
Treatments Rejuvenation(d)
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
N0 P 0 K0
13.3
98.58 aa
2.68 aa
N2 P 2 K0
12.7
99.15 aa
1.4.2 bcb
N0 P 2 K2
13.7
99.15 aa
1.51 bcb
N2 P 2 K1
13.0
98.86 aa
1.43 bcb
N1 P 2 K2
12.7
98.58 aa
1.80 bcb
N2 P 2 K3
13.0
99.15 aa
1.57 bcb
N2 P 0 K2
12.5
98.01 aa
2.22 bab N 3 P 2 K 2
13.0
98.29 aa
1.82 bcb
N2 P 1 K2
13.0
98.86 aa
1.55 cdb N 1 P 1 K 2
12.5
98.58 aa
1.15 db
N2 P 2 K2
12.3
98.86 aa
1.25 db
N1 P 2 K1
12.7
99.15 aa
1.58 bcb
N2 P 3 K2
12.7
98.29 aa
2.63 aa
N2 P 1 K1
13.3
99.15 aa
1.69 bcb
Notice: In the chart 2, the same lowercase letters indicate the difference is not significant when P = 0.05 level; and the same capital
letters indicate the difference is not significant when P = 0.01 level. All the charts below follow the same.
3.2. The impact of the fertilization on plants height and the leaves number of angelica
From the whole growing period of Angelica (Chart3, 4), the plant heights in respective treatment is highest in the early September and
the heights decreased significantly in the mid September, where the leaves number and leaves area reached the maximum in the early
September and gradually decreased in Autumn. Fertilizing can make the height increasing, except of the treatment N2P0K2, other heights of
treatments were higher than its contrast. Leaves area showed the differences consistent with the changing trend of plant height. But
fertilizing on the leaves number has no effect basically.
Table 3. The Impact of the Formula Fertilization 3414 on Plants Height (U: cm)
Date (M/D) 5/25 6/10 6/25 7/10 7/25 8/10 8/26 9/10 9/25
N 0 P 0 K 0 5.12 8.82 11.70 14.43 21.92 22.38 25.03 33.08 30.55
N 0 P 2 K 2 5.40 7.13 11.02 14.76 23.34 22.87 30.12 34.16 32.35
N 1 P 2 K 2 4.66 8.78 12.00 19.90 22.77 24.73 28.89 35.70 33.82
N 2 P 0 K 2 6.47 7.59 12.43 15.05 22.00 22.61 25.75 32.40 30.59
N 2 P 1 K 2 6.94 8.50 12.60 16.47 23.82 23.56 31.09 34.60 33.08
N 2 P 2 K 2 5.91 6.80 11.64 15.84 23.74 26.77 29.49 33.82 30.92
Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2016
© 2016 DEStech Publications, Inc.
doi:10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/8/213
213.2
N2 P 3 K2
N2 P 2 K0
N2 P 2 K1
N2 P 2 K3
N3 P 2 K2
N1 P 1 K2
N1 P 2 K1
N2 P 1 K1
4.68 8.39 12.10 18.41 24.14 30.47 25.74 33.32 31.36
5.20 7.74 12.66 17.36 22.16 22.06 27.81 33.57 30.97
5.74 7.71 10.55 19.25 23.61 23.58 25.81 34.76 34.51
6.40 8.88 14.14 20.87 25.34 26.31 32.63 35.45 33.94
3.88 7.27 11.55 19.57 23.46 25.22 26.51 35.52 33.34
5.81 8.52 12.86 18.14 24.89 27.11 29.19 35.82 35.19
6.03 7.71 13.42 18.84 21.25 22.58 25.50 33.84 31.75
4.81 7.95 12.64 16.28 23.12 25.94 26.56 34.12 33.27
Table 4. The Impact of the Formula Fertilization 3414 experiment on the Leaves Number of Angelica (U:single)
Date (M/D) 5/25 6/10 6/25 7/10 7/25 8/10 8/26 9/10 9/25
N0 P 0 K0 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 4
N0 P 2 K2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 4
N1 P 2 K2 3 3 4 3 3 4 5 6 5
N2 P 0 K2 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 5 4
N2 P 1 K2 2 4 3 3 3 5 5 6 4
N2 P 2 K2 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 4
N2 P 3 K2 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 5
N2 P 2 K0 3 4 4 3 3 4 5 6 4
N2 P 2 K1 3 4 4 4 3 4 5 6 5
N2 P 2 K3 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 6 4
N3 P 2 K2 3 3 4 4 3 4 6 6 6
N1 P 1 K2 2 3 4 4 3 5 5 6 4
N1 P 2 K1 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 6 4
N2 P 1 K1 2 3 4 4 3 4 5 6 5
3.3. The impact of the formula fertilization 3414 experiment on the angelica production
It is clear from the chart 5 that fertilizing can improve the production that the highest production of N 1 P 1 K 2 is 1860.77kg.hm-2 then the
treatment of N 2 P 2 K and N 2 P 1 K 2 with the respective production of 1793.68kg.hm-2 and 1777.85kg.hm-2. They respectively compared and
increased by 13.99%, 9.88%, 8.91%.
Table 5. The Impact of the Formula Fertilization “3414” on the Angelica Production
Treatments
N0 P 0 K0
N0 P 2 K2
N1 P 2 K2
N2 P 0 K2
N2 P 1 K2
N2 P 2 K2
N2 P 3 K2
Production Rate of growth
Production Rate of growth
Treatments
(kg.hm-2)
(%)
(kg.hm-2)
(%)
1632.40
1675.33
1690.84
1739.49
1777.85
1673.70
1697.86
-2.63
3.58
6.56
8.91
2.53
4.01
N2 P 2 K0
N2 P 2 K1
N2 P 2 K3
N3 P 2 K2
N1 P 1 K2
N1 P 2 K1
N2 P 1 K1
1743.24
1714.35
1793.68
1634.52
1860.77
1765.60
1675.99
6.79
5.02
9.88
0.13
13.99
8.16
2.67
The fitting analysis for the data was submitted in the Chart 5 according to the Field Experiment Design 3414 and the analysismanagement system and the equation was set up for the Angelica greenhouse seedling production among Y, X 1 , X 2 and X 3 : Y=1638.714.99X 1 +17.92X 2 +24.64X 3 -0.65x 1 2-0.84X 2 2+0.82X 3 2+ 2.10X 1 X 2 + 0.22X 1 X 3 -4.84X 2 X 3 .Along with the analysis of variance and
significant test to the regression equation, the difference reached significant level. On the basis of the equation, the result was obtained that
the maximum production of seedling transplantation in the greenhouse is 1932.52kg.hm-2 and the best volume of fertilization for the
production is N: 81.15kg/hm2, P 2 O 5 : 80.67 kg/hm2, K 2 O:29.78.
3.4. The impact of formula fertilization “3414” on the rate of ditylenchus destructor
It is known from the chart 6, the rate of Ditylenchus Destructor is lower via the transplanting seedlings from the greenhouse with the
highest rate of 5.32% in the treatment N 0 P 2 K 2 mainly due to the transplanting without soil where the substrate is loose, which damage the
roots less when start transplanting. Meanwhile, it also can be seen that there is no harm on the rate of Ditylenchus Destructor for fertilizing
on the Angelica and the respective treatment for the rate of Ditylenchus Destructor has not reached the significant level.
Table 6. The impact of Formula Fertilization 3414 on the Rate of Ditylenchus Destructor
Treatment Rate of Ditylenchus destructor (%) Treatment Rate of Ditylenchus Destructor (%)
N0 P 0 K0
N0 P 2 K2
N1 P 2 K2
N2 P 0 K2
N2 P 1 K2
N2 P 2 K2
N2 P 3 K2
7.65aa
5.32 aa
3.23aa
1.09 aa
1.16 aa
3.33 aa
1.15aa
N2 P 2 K0
N2 P 2 K1
N2 P 2 K3
N3 P 2 K2
N1 P 1 K2
N1 P 2 K1
N2 P 1 K1
3.11aa
5.10 aa
1.21 aa
3.34aa
3.11 aa
2.03 aa
1.14aa
Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2016
© 2016 DEStech Publications, Inc.
doi:10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/8/213
213.3
4. Conclusions
Ma Zhanchuan [7] researched and believes that increase fertilizing can reduce the rate of bolting and improve the yield of angelica
significantly which effectively control the root disease and improve the yield of primary product. Fertilizing N with 150 kg per hectare and
pure P 100 ~150 kg, the yield-increasing effect will be the most obvious when N: P is 1:0.7-1. Liu Xuezhou researched and found the
treatment of NPK can significantly improve the fresh angelica production with the output of 15666.7 kg.hm-2 which increased by 28.8%.
The fresh production of PK treatment is 15148.15 kg .hm-2 which increased by 24.51%.
In this experiment, the result was found that adopting the Formula Fertilization 3414 to conduct the test of N, P and K shows that the
treatment N 1 P 1 K 2 equals to the fertilizer N of 75 Kg.hm-2. And the P 2 O 5 of 45 Kg.hm-2 and 60 Kg.hm-2 K 2 O for the plant height, leaves
number and yield are the highest with the height of 1860.77kg.hm-2 which increased by 13.99% then is the treatment of N 2 P 2 K 3 ,N 2 P 1 K 2
with the respective production of 1793.68kg/hm2 and 1777.85kg.hm-2，which increased by9.88% and 8.91%. It also indicates that the rate
of Ditylenchus destructor happened lover as the seedlings were transplanted to the greenhouse that damaged less on the roots, but the
difference for the rate of Ditylenchus destructor is not significant in the respective treatment. The growth effort on the treatment N 1 P 1 K 2
was promoted for the angelica obviously that made the leaves increasing obviously most and also decrease the bolting rate so that to keep
the effective holes and future ensure the production. Through the analysis of regression between the fertilizer rate and output, the equation
among the seedling output(Y) , N(X 1 ) , P(X 2 ) and K (X 3 ) is obtained: N: 81.15 kg.hm-2, P 2 O 5 : 80.67 kg.hm-2 and K 2 O:29.78 kg.hm-2,
where the best fertilizer rate is N: 81.15 kg.hm-2, P 2 O 5 : 80.67 kg.hm-2 and K 2 O:29.78 kg.hm-2 and the base fertilizer is total P, 60% of N,
60% of K when fertilizing. However 40% of N and 40% of K have to be fertilized with the cultivating and weeding in the middle of July as
the topdressing.
References
[1] Xia H J. Research on modeling and dynamic numerical solution of mechanism system virtual prototyping platform.Wuhan: Huazhong
University of Science and Techanology,2008.
[2] Wen X H, Zhou X J. Realization of Interactive real vehicle assembly platform based on mirroring prototype. Computer Integrated
Manufacturing System, 2015,21(8), pp, 2043-2052.
[3] Zhou H Q, Zhang H Q. Research on product data integration technology for full three dimensional digital development modes .
Manufacturing Automation, 2013, 35(9), pp, 80-82.
[4] Zhao W, Wang W P, Zhu Y F, et al. Towards Technology of Collaborative Virtual Prototyping . Journal of System Simulation, 2001,
13(1), pp, 128-130.
[5] Yu Z P, Yue Z F, Liu Y S, et al. Open Function Analysis on the Electro Hydraulic Coupling System of Cabin Door in the Flight
Environment . Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(5), pp, 141-146.
[6] Zhang J C, Zhang Q X, Mao Z Y. Fatigue Life Analysis of Gears Based on Ride Simulation Test . China Mechanical Engineering, 2014,
25 (8), pp, 1001-1006.
[7] Li T, Li B H, Chai X D, et al. Meta modeling framework for complex product multidiscipline virtual prototyping.Computer Integrated
Manufacturing System,2011,17(6), pp, 1178-1186.
Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, Vol. 13, No. 8, 2016
© 2016 DEStech Publications, Inc.
doi:10.12783/issn.1544-8053/13/8/213
213.4