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AQA Level 1/2 Certificate
June 2013
Chemistry
1
2
8402/1
3
4
5
Paper 1
Monday 20 May 2013
Mark
6
1.30 pm to 3.00 pm
7
For this paper you must have:
 a ruler
 a calculator
 the periodic table (enclosed).
8
9
TOTAL
Time allowed
 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions
 Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
 Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
 Answer all questions.
 You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
 Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
 The maximum mark for this paper is 90.
 You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
 You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in
your answers.
 Question 8(c) should be answered in continuous prose.
In this question you will be marked on your ability to:
– use good English
– organise information clearly
– use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice
 In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
1
Nanoparticles have many uses.
1 (a) (i)
Tick () one use of nanoparticles.
In the extraction of iron
In suntan creams
In the test for oxygen
(1 mark)
1 (a) (ii) How is the size of nanoparticles different from normal-sized particles?
Draw a ring around the correct answer.
much smaller
same size
much larger
(1 mark)
1 (b)
Very small amounts of cerium oxide nanoparticles can be added to diesel fuel.
The cerium oxide is a catalyst.
1 (b) (i)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
Only a very small amount of cerium oxide nanoparticles is needed because
are elements.
the nanoparticles
are very reactive.
have a high surface area to volume ratio.
(1 mark)
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1 (b) (ii) Explain how a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction.
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(2 marks)
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4
2
Alkanes are hydrocarbons found in crude oil.
2 (a) (i)
Complete the sentence.
Do not write
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Hydrocarbons contain the elements ................................ and ................................ only.
(1 mark)
2 (a) (ii) Ethane is an alkane with the formula C2H6
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
C nH n
Alkanes are hydrocarbons with the general formula
CnH2n
CnH2n+2
2 (b)
(1 mark)
Crude oil is separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation.
Refinery gas
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel oil
Crude oil
Bitumen
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Describe and explain how crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.
Use the diagram to help you answer the question.
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(4 marks)
2 (c)
Dodecane (C12H26) from crude oil is cracked to produce ethene (C2H4).
2 (c) (i)
Complete the equation for this reaction.
C12H26
2 C2H4 + ............................
(1 mark)
2 (c) (ii) Give two conditions needed for cracking.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
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3
Poly(ethene) is a polymer with many uses.
3 (a)
Poly(ethene) is not biodegradable.
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Give one problem caused by waste poly(ethene).
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(1 mark)
3 (b)
Many molecules of ethene are combined to make poly(ethene). Ethene is an alkene.
3 (b) (i)
Complete the sentence about the colour change in the test for alkenes.
Alkenes turn bromine water from ....................................... to ...................................... .
(2 marks)
3 (b) (ii) Complete the equation below to show the formation of poly(ethene).
n
H
H
C
C
H
H
(3 marks)
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3 (c)
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Poly(ethene) is a thermosoftening polymer that melts when heated.
The diagrams show a thermosetting polymer and a thermosoftening polymer.
Polymer chain
Thermosetting polymer
Thermosoftening polymer
The thermosetting polymer does not melt when heated.
Use the diagrams and your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why.
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(3 marks)
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8
4
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The diagram shows one way of producing iron.
Magnesium ribbon
Mixture of iron
oxide powder
and aluminium
powder
Iron oxide reacts with aluminium to produce iron.
The symbol equation for the reaction is:
Fe2O3 + 2 Al
4 (a) (i)
2 Fe + Al2O3
Complete the word equation for this reaction.
iron oxide + aluminium
iron + .........................................................................
(1 mark)
4 (a) (ii) The magnesium ribbon is lit to start the reaction.
Why does the burning magnesium ribbon start the reaction?
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(1 mark)
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4 (b)
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In industry, iron is produced in the blast furnace when iron oxide is heated with carbon.
The iron from the blast furnace is called cast iron.
Cast iron contains carbon.
The diagrams show the structure of pure iron and cast iron.
Region of
carbon atoms
Pure iron
Cast iron
Use the diagrams to help you answer the questions.
4 (b) (i)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
contains only one sort of atom.
Pure iron is an element because pure iron
is magnetic.
is a metal.
(1 mark)
4 (b) (ii) Suggest why cast iron is harder than pure iron.
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(2 marks)
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4 (c)
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Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis using the ionic compound aluminium oxide.
Positive
electrodes
(the anodes)
Negative
electrode
(the cathode)
Aluminium oxide
dissolved in
molten cryolite
Molten aluminium
4 (c) (i)
Aluminium cannot be extracted by heating aluminium oxide with carbon.
Suggest why.
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(1 mark)
4 (c) (ii) Why is aluminium oxide dissolved in molten cryolite?
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(1 mark)
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4 (c) (iii) Aluminium metal is produced at the negative electrode (cathode).
Complete the half equation for the process.
Al3+ + .......... e–
Al
(1 mark)
4 (c) (iv) Use the half equation to state why Al3+ ions are reduced.
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(1 mark)
4 (c) (v) Explain why the positive electrodes (anodes) burn away.
Use your knowledge of the products of electrolysis to help you.
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(4 marks)
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5
Do not write
outside the
box
A student was investigating the reaction of lithium and water.
She added a few drops of universal indicator to water in a trough and added a piece of
lithium.
Lithium
Trough
Water + universal indicator
The word equation for the reaction is:
lithium + water
5 (a) (i)
lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
The lithium floated on the water.
State two other observations that the student would see during the reaction.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
5 (a) (ii) Balance the symbol equation for the reaction of lithium and water.
2 Li(s) + .......... H2O(l)
.......... LiOH(aq) + H2(g)
(2 marks)
5 (a) (iii) Describe a simple test and the result that would show the gas was hydrogen.
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(1 mark)
5 (a) (iv) All Group 1 metals have similar reactions with water.
State why, in terms of electronic structure.
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(1 mark)
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5 (b)
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Lithium and other Group 1 metals have different properties from the transition metals.
Tick () two properties that are properties of Group 1 metals.
They react with oxygen.
They form coloured compounds.
They are strong and hard.
They have low melting points.
(2 marks)
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5 (c)
The electronic structure of a potassium atom is 2, 8, 8, 1
5 (c) (i)
Draw a diagram to show the electronic structure of a potassium ion.
Do not write
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Show the charge on the potassium ion.
(2 marks)
5 (c) (ii) Potassium is more reactive than sodium.
Explain why, in terms of electronic structure.
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(3 marks)
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DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
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6
The diagrams show the structures of diamond and graphite.
Diamond
6 (a)
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Graphite
Diamond and graphite both contain the same element.
What is the name of this element? ....................................................................................
(1 mark)
6 (b)
Use the diagrams above and your knowledge of structure and bonding to explain why:
6 (b) (i)
graphite is very soft
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(2 marks)
6 (b) (ii) diamond is very hard
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(2 marks)
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6 (b) (iii) graphite conducts electricity.
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(2 marks)
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7 (a)
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Which sub-atomic particles are present in the nucleus of an atom?
.................................................................. and ..................................................................
(2 marks)
7 (b)
There are two isotopes of the element chlorine:
35
17
Cl
37
17
Cl
Describe, in terms of sub-atomic particles, one similarity and one difference between
atoms of the two isotopes of chlorine.
Similarity ............................................................................................................................
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Difference ..........................................................................................................................
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(2 marks)
7 (c)
Chlorine reacts with hydrogen to produce hydrogen chloride.
7 (c) (i)
The table shows the values of some bond dissociation energies.
Bond
Dissociation energy
in kJ per mole
H—H
Cl—Cl
H—Cl
436
242
431
Use the values in the table to calculate the enthalpy change (∆H ) for the reaction.
H2(g)
+
Cl2(g)
2 HCl(g)
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Enthalpy change (∆H ) = ......................... kJ per mole
(3 marks)
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7 (c) (ii) Hydrogen also reacts with fluorine.
H2(g)
+
F2(g)
2 HF(g)
H = –538 kJ per mole
Draw an energy level diagram for this reaction.
Include on your diagram labels to show:



the reactants and the products
the overall enthalpy change (H )
the activation energy.
(3 marks)
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8 (a)
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Complete the dot and cross diagram to show the electrons in the outer energy levels of
ammonia (NH3).
You may use the periodic table to help you.
H
N
H
H
(2 marks)
8 (b)
Ammonia can be used to make ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).
8 (b) (i)
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
ethanoic
Ammonium nitrate can be made by reacting ammonia with
hydrochloric
acid.
nitric
(1 mark)
8 (b) (ii) State one use of ammonium nitrate.
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(1 mark)
8 (b) (iii) Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).
Relative atomic masses: H = 1; N = 14; O = 16.
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Relative formula mass (Mr) = .........................................................
(2 marks)
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8 (b) (iv) Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate.
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Percentage by mass of nitrogen = ............................ %
(2 marks)
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8 (c)
Do not write
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In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate.
Ammonia is manufactured from nitrogen and hydrogen by the Haber process:
N2(g)
+
3H2(g)
2 NH3(g)
The forward reaction is exothermic.
The conditions used in the Haber process are:



200 atmospheres pressure
450 °C
iron catalyst.
Use the equation and your knowledge of reversible reactions to explain why these
conditions are used in the Haber process.
To get full marks you must consider both yield and rate of reaction in your answer.
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(6 marks)
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9
A spacecraft landed on Mars in 2008.
9 (a)
Probes on the spacecraft analysed some soil.
Do not write
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The probes found a compound in the soil that scientists named compound X.
9 (a) (i)
Compound X had the following percentage composition by mass:
10.8% magnesium, 31.8% chlorine and 57.4% oxygen.
Relative atomic masses: Mg = 24; Cl = 35.5; O = 16
Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.
You must show all of your working to get full marks.
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Empirical formula = ............................................................
(4 marks)
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9 (a) (ii) Compound X was shown to be ionic. Compound X had a high melting point.
Use your knowledge of the structure and bonding of ionic compounds to explain why
compound X had a high melting point.
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(3 marks)
9 (b)
Hydrazine and hydrogen were both carried to be used as fuels on the spacecraft.
Hydrazine is stored as a liquid but hydrogen is stored as a gas.
Suggest three advantages of using a liquid fuel rather than a gaseous fuel.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
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2 .........................................................................................................................................
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3 .........................................................................................................................................
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(3 marks)
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END OF QUESTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders have been
unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified.
Question 9 Photograph © NASA/JPL-Calech/University of Arizona
Copyright © 2013 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
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