Name: ______________________
Period: _____
7th grade Social Studies Final Exam Review
What Did We Learn This Year?
7th Grade Social Studies Final Exam Review
(Native Americans through Causes of the Civil War)
FINAL EXAM:
Wednesday, June 10, 2015
Multiple Choice Questions
Thursday, June 11, 2015
Constructed Response Questions
Unit 1: Introduction to Social Studies/The Native Peoples of North America
History is the study of__________________________________________________________________.
Geography is the study of_______________________________________________________________.
Economics is the study of _______________________________________________________________.
1. Describe the elements of culture (what is considered as part of a group’s culture?) _____________
2. A person who studies fossils and artifacts from the past is known as a _______________________.
3. Define artifact: ______________________________________________________________________
4. An object or photograph from a particular time period is a _________________ source.
5. A painting, book, or video created after the time period of an event is a _______________ source.

Unit 1: The Native Peoples of North America
Early people traveled to the Americas from Asia using the Land Bridge. Over time, these people
spread across the North American continent and south to the South American continent.

The cultures of the different groups of Native Americans in North America adapted to the geography
of the regions that they lived in.

As Europeans began to explore the Americas, they brought their own culture to the Americas.
Far North


Inuit
Eskimo
Pacific Northwest
Coast
 Tlingit
Desert Southwest


Pueblo
Anasazi
Great Plains


Sioux
Blackfoot
Northeastern
Woodlands
 Iroquois
 Algonquin
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6. According to the map to the left, how did native peoples of Asia migrate to North America?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
7. Which group of Native Americans were native to New York? Using pages 14-15, please identify the type
of early government they formed in order to keep peace and order among the different tribes and describe
this system below.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
8. How does the picture of the longhouse to the right illustrate
how the Iroquois adapted to the geography of their
environment?
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

Unit 2: The Exploration of North America
The search for a water route (Northwest Passage) to Asia led to the European discovery of two
continents and the exchange of resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

The Spanish established a large empire in the Americas and created a colonial society with a rigid
class structure. They also enslaved Native Americans to work on plantations.

European economic and religious conflicts quickly spilled over into North America, which led France,
Holland, and England to finance explorations of North America.

French and Dutch colonies in North America often interacted with Native Americans peacefully
9. Using pages 36-40, what motivated conquistadors to go to the Americas? (Hint: 3 Gs)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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10. What were the positive effects of the Columbian Exchange? (Pages 40-41)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
11. What were the negative effects of the Columbian Exchange? (Pages 40-41)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
12. Why would Native Americans today refuse to celebrate Columbus Day?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
13. Define Mercantilism (Page 50): ___________________________________________________________
(Example: Britain is to colonies as mother is to child)




Unit 3: The English Colonization of North America
The BIG Ideas
After two failed efforts to colonize North America in Roanoke, Virginia, the English started a
successful colony in Jamestown, Virginia in 1620.
The Puritans and Pilgrims left England in search of religious freedom. They founded two successful
colonies in Massachusetts. The Pilgrims settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
The Middle Colonies of New York. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware attracted a wide range of
settlers, and were successful trading and manufacturing colonies. The Quakers, in Pennsylvania,
were accepting of all religions. (Bread basket colonies)
The Southern colonies of Maryland, Virginia, and South Carolina developed rich coastal plantations
based on slavery. Debtors went to Georgia to work to pay back the money that they owed.
14. What is the significance of the Jamestown colony? (Pages 67-69)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
15. Describe life in the Plymouth Colony. What was the Mayflower Compact? (Pages 69-70)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
16. Why were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson forced to leave the Puritan colony?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
17. What were William Penn’s views on Native Americans?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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18. Using page 113-117, the need for agricultural workers caused the southern colonies to
use enslaved people from Africa. Describe the Triangle Trade and the Middle Passage.
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
18a. What is the difference between slaves and indentured servants?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Use pages 66-93 to complete the chart below!
Region
New England
Colonies
Middle
Colonies
Southern
Colonies
List the
individual
colonies in
this region:
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
-New England
Town Meetings
-Colonial
assemblies
(meetings)
-House of
Burgesses
Describe the
physical
geography of
this region:
Economy
What did they
produce in
each region?
See maps on
pages 74, 80, 86
Unit 4: The
Early Forms of
Representative
Government
American Revolution (Causes)
 A struggle on the Western Frontier draws France and Britain into a conflict known as the French and
Indian War. The Native Americans side with the French, but are defeated.


Great Britain raised tariffs(passing the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, etc) to pay for the cost of the
French and Indian War, which angered the people of the colonies.
By 1775, many Americans were so angry as a result of the British tax laws that they were ready to
break away and declare independence from Britain.
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19. Using pages 140-146, please describe the French and Indian War. Cause of the war? Who fought? What
side won? What were the results and impact of the conflict? (See Join or Die cartoon on page 141!)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
19a. What was the Albany Plan of Union?______________________________________________________
20. Using pages 146-153, please define the following events and then describe how and why the colonists
were frustrated by the following actions of Great Britain:


The Proclamation of 1763: ___________________________________________________________
Sugar, Stamp and Tea Act: ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________




The Quartering Act: ________________________________________________________________
Patriot: ________________________________________________
Loyalist: _______________________________________________
The Boston Massacre:____________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

The Boston Tea Party: ______________________________________
________________________________________________________

The Intolerable Acts:
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
How did colonists protest these acts? ___________________________________________________

Unit 4: The American Revolution (Conflict)
The Declaration of Independence explained why the colonies wanted to separate from Britain.

The American army faced many difficulties in the early years of the war.

After a final victory, the Americans achieved independence from British Rule.
21. The Declaration declares that people have unalienable rights. What are they? (Pages 170-173)
________________________________________________________________________________
21a. What was Common Sense and who wrote it?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
22. What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? (170-173)
_______________________________________________________________________________
23a. What was the shot heard around the world? (Pages 152-153)
_________________________________________________________________________________
23b. Which battle was the turning point of the war? (Pages 182-183) _____________________________
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23c. Describe the conditions during the winter at Valley Forge. ____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
24. Define minutemen: ___________________________________________________________________________

Unit 5: Creating the Constitution and the American System of Government
Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation convinced leading Americans that the country needed a
strong central government.

After months of intense debate, delegates at the Constitutional Convention agreed on a new plan of
government. This government would be detailed in the Constitution

The states approved the Constitution, but many of the states insisted that it also include a Bill of
Rights. Supporters of the Constitution came to be known as Federalists
25. What is a constitution? What was the United States’ first Constitution? (Page 206)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
26. What were the weaknesses of the first Constitution? (Use pages 206-209)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
27. What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention? (Pages 212-213)
__________________________________________________________________________________
28. What was the Great Compromise? _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
29. What does the Bill of Rights protect? Why was it added? (Pages 220-221)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Using pages 256-257, please complete the charts below:
The Separation of Powers
Legislative Branch
(Congress)
Executive Branch
(President)
The Judicial Branch
(Supreme Court)
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30. Define “Checks and Balances”: ___________________________________________________________
Checks and Balances (Pages 256-257)
Legislative Branch
(Congress)
Check on the Executive Branch
Check on the Judicial Branch
Executive Branch
(President)
Check on the Legislative Branch
Check on the Judicial Branch
The Judicial Branch
(Supreme Court)
Check on the Executive Branch
Check on the Legislative Branch
31. What is Federalism? (Page 268) __________________________________________________________
32. List the five freedoms guaranteed by the first amendment (pages 266-267):
___________
__________
__________
__________
__________
Unit 6: Life in the New Nation
In this unit, we looked at the first seven Presidents and we studied three key movements that affected
society: The Industrial Revolution, the Reform Movement, and Westward Expansion!


First President: George Washington
George Washington oversaw the creation of new federal department, the President’s cabinet,
and asked Alexander Hamilton to tackle the nation’s debt problem
Under Washington, the United States dealt with challenges from Native Americans in the
Northwest Territory and the British Navy at sea
33a. What is a precedent? Give two examples of precedents established by Washington.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________


Third President: Thomas Jefferson
President Jefferson hoped to make changes in the government. He wanted to shrink the size
of the federal government and the military. He also wanted to eliminate federal taxes.
After purchasing a large amount of land from France through the Louisiana Purchase,
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the region.
33b. What was the Louisiana Purchase? Why did Jefferson do it? How did it change the size of the nation?
Who did Jefferson hire to explore this territory? Why was it important? (Use pages 310-319)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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
34.
Fourth President: James Madison
Conflicts with the British at sea and the Native Americans in the West led to the War of 1812
Causes
Impacts (Page 330)
Fifth President: James Monroe
35. By issuing the ____________ _______________, the United States warned European countries to
stay out of Latin America (Page 347).



Seventh President: Andrew Jackson
There was a growing spirit of democracy during Andrew Jackson’s presidency (Common Man)
Despite a Supreme Court ruling in their favor. Native Americans of the Southeast were forced
to move to land west of the Mississippi River.
Andrew Jackson fought the Bank of the United States and stood firm against South Carolina’s
threat to secede.
36. What was the Indian Removal Act? Trail of Tears? Impact on the Native Americans? (Page 357-359)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
37. What was the Spoils System?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________




The BIG Ideas about the Industrial Revolution
Many inventions created new ways of making basic products
Differences between the North and South increased with the growth of industry
The invention of the cotton gin increased the South’s dependence on slave labor
As settlement spread westward, debates over slavery increased tensions between the
North and South
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38. Using pages 382-405, please complete the chart below about Sectionalism, or the division between the
lifestyle and culture of the North and South regions.
The Foundations of Sectionalism…
The North
The South
Main Source of Income
Use of New Technology
Main Source of Labor



The BIG Ideas about the Reform Movement of the Nineteenth Century (1800’s)
By the mid-1800’s, people were seeking reform in many areas of American life including
education, prisons, health care, and a ban on alcohol consumption.
Abolitionists wanted to end slavery in the United States
Some reformers wanted to win political and economic equality for women
39. Define suffrage (428): __________________________________________________________________
40. Using pages 414-435, describe and define the Reform movement. List the major accomplishments and
key people in the chart below.
Temperance Movement (416)




The Reform Movement
Abolitionists (422-426)
Women’s Rights (427-430)
The BIG Ideas about Westward Expansion
By the mid-1800’s, many Americans wanted the nation to extend west to the Pacific
Ocean
To get to the west, traders and settlers had to travel along difficult and dangerous paths.
While the Mormons migrated to Utah, other settlers flocked to California in search of gold.
The Texas War for Independence led to conflict and war between the United States and
Mexico.
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41. Compare and Contrast the three western settlements using pages 444-467 in the chart below.
Reasons why pioneers went to Oregon (448-453)
What attracted people to California? (462-467)
42. What was Manifest Destiny? (Use pages 444-447 and 459)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
42a. Identify lands claimed by the US from 1803 to 1853 and tell how the US acquired the land
43. Examine the picture to the left. List symbols (objects)
that represent Westward Expansion?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
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