ILFRACOMBE PE DEPT
GCSE PE
10. The Skeletal system
TOPIC
NOTES
TRAFFIC
LIGHT
REVISION
10.The Skeletal system (1.2.5)
a)3 functions of the skeletal system during physical activity
b)Different types of joint
The skeletal system (1.2.5)
c)Joints and movement
d)Long term effects of exercise on the skeletal system
e)Osteoporosis
Injuries the Skeletal system and Diet (1.2.5)
f)Potential for injuries (Fractures and joint injuries)
g)Treatment for injuries (RICE)
h)The importance of diet on the bones
The Skeletal System
1 .MOVEMENT: Muscles, attached by tendons, can move various joints.
2. SUPPORT: The skeleton is a rigid frame for the rest of the body.
The skeleton supports the soft tissues.
Without the skeleton, we’d collapse like jelly.
3. PROTECTION: Bones are very tough.
They protect delicate organs – like the brain, heart and lungs.
Connective Tissue
Cartilage – forms cushions between
bones to stop them rubbing.
Joint Movement
Ligaments – like very strong string
that holds bones together.
Tendons – attach muscles to bones
(or to other muscles).
Joint Types
Your shoulder can move in more directions than your knee or elbow. That’s because it’s a different kind of joint.
Long term benefits on the Skeletal System
1.
Exercise can increase your bone density.
Exercise usually puts stress or forces through bones, and will cause the body to strengthen those bones.
The stronger your bones, the less likely they are to break or fracture.
2.
Exercise makes your ligaments and tendons stronger.
Having stronger ligaments and tendons means you’re less likely to injure yourself e.g. dislocation.
3.
Weight-bearing exercise can help prevent osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a disease where your bone density is so low that your bones becomes fragile and fracture easily.
It can be prevented by regularly doing weight bearing exercise.
4.
Weight bearing exercises are where your legs and feet support your whole body weight e.g. walking, running, tennis.
The larger the force the better your body becomes at strengthening bone.
Injuries to joints
Tennis and golfer’s elbow – overuse injuries to the tendons at the elbow joints.
Dislocation – when a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position, often as a result of a hard blow which causes one of the bones to
be displaced.
Sprains – is a damaged ligament, e.g. sprained ankle means the foot has turned inwards, tearing the ligaments which hold the bones of the
ankle joint together.
Torn cartilage – firm elastic substance found at the ends of bones of a synovial joint. It can be torn for example when pivoting on one foot,
the inside of the knee will be painful and the knee joint is likely to be bent.
Injuries to bones
Treatment for injuries
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Treatment: The RICE mthod is a good treatment for joint and muscle injuries like sprains (joint) or strains (muscles). It reduces
pain, swelling and bruising.
If the person has hurt their head, neck or spine trying to elevate the injury is not a good idea, call for a first aider and ensure the
person is comfortable.
- R: Rest
-I: Ice
-C: Compression
- E: Evalation
Diet and the skeletal system
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Calcium: helps bones grow and increase in density; milk, cheese, yoghurt.
Vitamin D: essential for growth and maintenance of healthy bones and helps with the absorption of calcium. Made by the body
when skin is exposed to sun light.
Smoking: Smoking and drinking have a toxic effect on bones.