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h o u r s fr o m 1 1 A M t o 1 P M w e r e d e v o t e d t o
t h e i n t e r c h an g e o f c o n g r a t u l a t i o n s an d t h e r e n e w a l
T h e p r es e n c e o f J o h n G Wh i t t i e r
o f o l d fr i e n d s h i p s
w h o n o t w i th s t a n di n g h i s a d v an c e d ag e an d i n fi r m
h e al th c o u l d n o t l o s e th i s Opp o r t un i t y o f m e e t i n g
h i s o l d fr i e n d s an d as s o ci a t e s a dd e d g r e a t l y t o t h e
pl ea s u r e o f t h e o cc a s i o n Th e i n t e r d ic t o f h i s p h y
s i c i an a l o n e p re v e n t e d Mr Wh i t t i e r s a t t e n d an c e a t
t h e di n n e r
ED W A RD L
Pr o m p t l y a t 1 o c l o c k P M H o n
PI ER C E o f Mi l t o n Pr e s id e n t Of t h e d ay l e d t h e w ay
n
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t o t h e l a r g e di i g h all w h e r e pl a t e s h ad b e e n l a id
Mr PI ER CE t o o k
fo r o n e h u n d r e d an d t en g u e s t s
t h e h e a d o f t h e t a bl e a n d n e a r h i m w e r e s e a t e d
C h i e f-J u s t ic e Mo r t o n H o n H o r ac e E S m i th H o n
S a m u e l E S e w a ll H o n F r an ci s W B i r d C o l Th o mas
W H iggi n s o n H o n Ro b e r t T D a v i s H o n Eb e n F
Th e di n n e r
S t o n e H o n Jo h n Wi n s l o w a n d o th e r s
w h ic h w as s e r v e d i n t h e b e s t s t y l e o f t h e fa mo u s
Pa r k e r H o u s e l a s t e d fo r an h o u r an d a h a l f w h e n
t h e c o m p a n y w as c all e d t o o r d e r b y M r PI ER C E
w h o th e n p r o c e e d e d t o m a k e t h e o p e n i n g add r e s s
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14
F R EE S OI L R EU NION
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MA S S A C H US ETTS !
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F or ty y ears a g o t hi s d a y i n t h e ci ty o f W orces t e r
u n d e r t h e o p e n s k y t o t he n u m b e r o f t ho u sa n d s t he free
me n o f t he C ommo n w ea lt h comi n g fro m a ll i t s co unt ies
me t w i t h o n e i n s p i ra t io n a n d d ec l are d by forma l reso lu
t io n s an d t he v oi ces o f e l o qu e nt ora t ors t hei r d e t ermi n a
t io n t o resi s t t he e x t e n sio n o f s l a v er y t o a n o t her foo t of
A merica n soi l B rea k i n g a ll p o l i t i ca l b o n d s t he y t oo k
t hei r s t an d a g ai n s t e xi s t i ng p ar t ies a g ai n s t t h e s l a v e i n
t e r es t o f t he S o ut h a n d t he or g a n i z e d ca p i t a l o f t he N or t h
a n d se t u p a n e w a n d i n d e p e n d e nt p o w e r i n A m erica n p o l
i t ies T he y l is t e n e d o n t ha t d a y w i t h S am u e l H oar i n t he
chai r t o reso l ut io n s re p or t e d by S t e p he n C P hi ll i p s a n d
t o a dd resses from Char l es F ra n ci s A d a m s Char l es S u m n e r
H e n ry W i l so n A masa W al k er J osh u a L ea v i tt E d w ar d L
Ke y es E R oc k w oo d H oar L e w i s D C a m pb e l l a n d J osh u a
R G i dd i n g s — a11 sa v e o n e n o w n u m b ere d w i t h t h e d ea d
T ha t a sse mbly com b i n e d w ha t i s a l w ay s b es t i n ou r o l d a n d
b e l o v e d Commo n w ea lt h
t ha t co n scie n ce t ha t i nt e ll i g e n ce
a n d t ha t fai t h i n h u m a n i ty w hi ch are her here d i t ar y gl or y
T he s u r v i v ors o f t he F ree S oi l p ar ty o f M assach u se tt s mee t
a t t h is ho u r t o mo u r n n o l os t ca u se bu t t o c ommemora t e a
mo v eme nt a t o n ce g l orio u s a n d t ri u m p ha nt W e co m e n ot
here t o l ame nt t he d ea d o r t o i n d ulg e i n re g re t s t ha t o u r
o w n l i v es are p assi ng
R a t her w i t h full h ear t s l e t u s re
joice t ha t G o d g a v e u s t he p ri v i l e g e o f ser v i n g s u ch a ca u se
un d er s u ch l ea d ers a n d w i t h s u ch associa t es
T he p rocee d i ng s w hich res ult e d i n t he c o nve nt io n o f
J un e 1 84 8 d eser v e a b rie f re f ere n ce T he A n t is l a v er y
”
W hi g s k n o w n as Co n sci e n ce W hi g s w h o m a d e resi s t
a n ce t o s l a v er y t he p aramo unt iss u e ha d b ee n from 1 8 4 5
V ETERA N F R EE S OIL ERS
OF
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A DDR ES S
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15
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t o 1 8 4 8 i n co n fl i c t w i t h t h e C o tt o n W hi g s w h o t rea t e d
t ha t i ss u e as s ub or d i n a t e t o t h e mai nt e n a n ce of t he t ari ff
a n d t he fi n a n cia l meas u res O f t he W hi g p ar ty S ome O f
u reca ll t h e W hi g S t a t e co nv e nt i o n s O f 1 8 4 6a n d 1 8 4 7 i n
o
y
b o t h o f w hi ch M r W e b s t er a pp eare d w i t h P a l fre y A d ams
S u m n e r a n d P hi ll i p s o n t he o n e si d e a n d W i nt hro p o n t h e
o t he r I n M a y 1 8 4 8 M r A d ams ca ll e d a co n fere n ce a t
h i s O ffi ce w hich w as a tt e n d e d by P hi ll i p s S u m n er W i l so n
Ke y es E R H oar F ra n cis W B ir d a n d E d w ar d W a ll
c utt w here a ca ll d ra w n by M r H oar fo r a co nv e nt io n w as
a g ree d up o n
t o b e i ss u e d i n case t h e W hi g co nv e nt io n a t
Phi l a d e lp h i a sh o ul d re fu se t o a d o pt t he p ri n ci pl e Of ex cl u d
i ng s l a v er y from t h e t erri t ori es a n d sho u l d n o mi n a t e a
ca n d i d a t e n o t O p e nly com mi tt e d t o s u ch ex c lu si o n T h e
P hi l a d e lp h i a co nv e nt io n rej ec t e d a reso l ut io n a ffi rm i ng
t h a t p ri n ci pl e a n d n omi n a t e d G e n era l T a yl or fo r P resi
“
d e nt
P ro m ptly Char l es A ll e n a nn o un ce d
T h e Whi g
”
p ar t y i s h ere a n d t hi s d a y d isso lv e d ! a n d re f e rri ng t o
t h e co n ci l ia t or y O ffer o f t he v ice —p re si d e n c y t o Mas sach u
se t t s a dd e d w i t h em p h asi s a n d scor n M assach u se tt s w i ll
S pu r n t h e b ri b e
W i l so n fo l l o w e d w i t h t h e hi s t ori c p ro
t e s t S O h e l p m e G o d I w i ll d o a ll I ca n t o d e fea t t h e
'
e l ec t i o n o f t ha t ca n d i d a t e
H e ca ll e d a t o n ce a co n fe r
e n ce o f t h ose w h o w ere rea d y t o ac t w i t h h i m a n d fi ft ee n
a tt e n d e d O f w h om o nly t w o s u r v i v e
S t a nl e y M a tt he w s
O f O hi o n o w a j u s t ice o f t he S u p re m e Co u r t o f t h e Un i t e d
S t a t es a n d J oh n C V a ug ha n O f t h e sa m e S t a t e a re t ire d
e d i t or n o w l i v i n g i n C i n ci n n a t i A ll e n a n d W i l so n w ere
t r u e t o t h ei r w or d a n d i m me d i a t e l y o n t hei r re tu r n h o me
a p peal e d t o t he i r co n s t i tu e n t s by a d d ress a n d l e tt er T he
ca ll fo r t he co nv e nt io n a t W orces t e r a l rea d y d ra w n a n d
he l d i n reser v e w as i ss u e d a n d f or t h w i t h o n e O f t he mos t
remark a bl e a g i t a t io n s i n o u r hi s t or y e n s u e d O l d me n a n d
y o ung me n a n d w o me n a l so joi n e d i n t he n ew m o v eme n t
w i t h a ll t he ar d or O f cr u sa d ers a n d t he ai r ra ng w i t h t h e
,
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16
F R EE S OI L R EU NION
AT
B OS T ON
.
v oice s o f free d o m fro m t h e B er k shi re h i ll s t o t he s ea O f
t he o ffi cers O f t he W orces t e r co nv e nt io n a ll are g o n e O f
Of t h e com
t h e s p ea k ers n o n e but J u d g e H oar s u r v iv es
m i t t e e OII pl a t f orm o f w hich M r P hi ll i p s w as ch ai rma n
o n l y J u d g e H oar a n d M i l t o n M F i sher o f M e d w a y are
l i v i ng T he l a tt e r w h ose A nt is l a v er y w or k g oes b ac k t o
y
ears
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s
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d a y O f t he d e l e
w
ag o
1 8 8 8 fi ft y fiv e
g a t es chose n for t he S t a t e o r d i s t ri c t s t o a tt e n d t he n a t io n al
F ree S oi l co n v e nt io n a t Bu ff a l o o nly J osiah G A bb o tt
J oh n A Kasso n C h au n cy L K n a pp a n d M r F i sh er s u r
v i v e M r A d ams p resi d e d ove r t he mass co nv e nt io n a t
B u ffa l o ; a n d h i s p rese n ce a t o n e o f i t s sessio n s b ei ng re
u
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F ra n ci s W B i r d a v e t era n w hom w e g ree t t o-d a y
T he g rea tn ess o f t he iss u e w h ich b ro ug h t t h e F ree S oi l
p ar ty i n t o ex i s t e n ce a pp ears w h e n w e reca l l t he fac t t ha t a t
t ha t t ime t he p o pul a t i o n o f t he co u nt r y s l i g h t l y excee d i n g
t w e nty mi l l io n s w as w i t h t he e x ce pt io n of T e x as l i mi t e d
t o t he S t a t es eas t o f t h e M ississi pp i a n d t o t h e fo u r S t a t es
co nt i gu o u s t o i t s w es t e r n shore B e y o n d t he g rea t ri v er
I o w a al o n e w as se c u re t o free d om ; al l e l se w as t erri
t or y w i t h d es t i ny u n d e t ermi n e d T he p ro p a g a n d i s t s o f
S l a v er y d ema n d e d w i t h t h rea t s o f d is un i o n a n d arme d re
t hose rece n tly ac qu i re d f ro m
s i s t a n c e t h a t t he t e rri t o ri es
M exi co a n d t hose i n c lu d e d i n t h e L o u isia n a pu rchase
sho ul d b e O p e n e d t o S l a v er y T ha t vas t re g i o n t he n u n i n
h a b i t e d but n o w s w ar mi n g w i t h p o pul a t io n im p eria l i n
S p ace s t re t chi n g from t he w es t er n b o u n d ari es o f I o w a a n d
M i s so u ri t o t h e P aci fi c O cea n a n d from t he B ri t i sh p osses
si o n s t o t he M exica n l i n e w i t h unt o l d m i n e ra l a n d a g ri
c u l tu ra l w ea lt h w as i n p eri l C o nt e m pl a t e i t s t erri t oria l
ma gn i t u d e a n d i t s ca p aci ty as a sea t O f em p i re ! I t em
b race d more t ha n S i x t ee n h un d re d t ho u sa n d s qu are m i l es
fi v e t i m es as ma ny as w ere i n c l u d e d i n t h e ori g i n a l t hi r t ee n
S t a t es a n d more t ha n h a l f of o u r e nt ire d omi n i o n b e f ore t h e
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F R EE S OI L R EU NI ON
18
B O S T ON
AT
.
t ho u sa n d v o t es i n 1 8 4 0 a n d six ty-t w o t ho u sa n d i n 1 84 4 i n
e ach c ase for J ames G B ir n e y j oi n e d i n t h e n e w p ar ty
w hich w i t h V an B u rc n a n d A d a m s as ca n d i d a t es cas t t w o
h un d re d an d n i n e ty -0 11 0 t ho u sa n d i n 1 8 4 8 T hei r nu m b ers
six t ho u sa n d
w e re re d u ce d i n 1 8 5 2 t o o n e h un d re d a n d fi ft ych ie fl y b y t he re tu r n o f t he B ar nbu r n e rs O f N e w Yor k t o
I II M assach u se t t s t he p ar ty mai n
t h e D emocra t ic p ar ty
t a i n e d i t s v i g o r u nt i l t h e e l ec t io n o f 1 8 54 w h e n i t w as
d is t rac t e d by t he K n o w -N o t hi ng co nt ro v ers y A y ea r or
t w o l a t e r i t w as mer g e d i n t he R e publ i ca n p ar ty w h ich
g re w o u t o f t he re p e al o f t he M isso u ri Com p romise
T he F ree S oi l ers o f M assach u se tt s w ere m e n o f ex t ra
or d i n a r y v i t a l i ty N o t o nly t he i r foremos t l ea d ers but
t hei r chie f me n i n t o w n s a n d ci t ie s w ere s t ro n g i n t hei r
com b i n a t io n o f i nt e ll ec t w i ll a n d i nt e n se m o ra l co nv i e
t i o n s C as t i ng l ess t ha n f or ty t ho u sa n d v o t e s a t t hei r
h i g hes t p oi nt a n d f a l l i n g a t t imes b e l o w t h i r ty t ho u sa n d
l ess t ha n a t h i r d o f t he v o t ers o f t he S t a t e i t i s n o t e
w or th y h o w ma ny o f t hem a ft er w a r d c ame t o t h e f ro nt
ra n k i n publ ic l i fe S am u e l H oar H orace M a n n S t e p he n
C P hi ll i p s a n d E d w a r d L Ke y es d i e d b e fore t h e w a r ; but
t he o t her l ea d e rs l i v e d t o t a k e p ar t i n t h e c i v i l co n flic t s
w h ich e n d e d i n t he e nt ire a b o l i t io n o f s l a v er y i n t h e Un i t e d
S t a t es T he L e g i s l a tu re ch ose n i n 1 8 5 0 pl ace d S u m n er
i n t he S e n a t e w he re h e remai n e d t i ll h is d ea t h i n 1 8 74
a l w a y s t he A nt is l a v e r y p ro t a g o n i s t i n C o ng ress a n d for
t e n y ea rs chai rma n o f t he Commi tt ee 0 11 F o rei gn R e l a t io n s
W i l so n b ecame h i s co ll e agu e i n 1 8 55 s u ccee d i ng E d w ar d
E v e re tt ser v e d as chairma n o f t he com mi t t ee 0 11 M i l i t ar y
A ffai rs d u ri ng t he w ar a n d w he n h e d ie d i n 1 8 75 w as
h ol d i n g t he seco n d o ffi ce u n d er t he Co n s t i tut io n o f t h e
U n i t e d S t a t es
A d a ms e nt e ri ng C o ng ress by an e l ec t io n
i n 1 8 5 8 w as S OOII ca l l e d t o re p rese nt t he co u nt r y as i t s
a mb assa d o r t o G rea t B ri t ai n a n d t o co n d u c t t h e mos t i m
p or t a nt d i pl oma t ic c o nt ro v ers y i n o u r h is t or y ; t he publ i c
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A DDR ES S O F H ON
E
.
D WA RD L
.
I R CE
P E
19
.
s p iri t i n heri t e d from h is a n ces t ors h e t ra n sm i tt e d t o hi s
so n s t w o o f w hom w e re O l d e n o ug h t o g i v e t heir y o ut h f u l
s y m p a t hies t o t h e F ree S oi l ca u se Charl es A ll e n w as
ch ose n t o a sea t i n C o ng ress a n d l a t e r ser v e d f o r a l o n g
erio
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j u s t ice o f t h e S up e rior Co u r t E R oc k w oo d
a
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H oa r h a s ser v e d as j u s t ice o f t h e S up rem e Co u r t o f t h e
St a t e mem b er o f C o n g re ss a n d a tt o rn e y-g e n era l o f t h e
Un i t e d S t a t es
A n so n B u r l i ng am e a ft e r se r v ice i n C o n
g ress b ecame o u r mi n i s t er t o Ch i n a a n d w as a d o pt e d by
t ha t co unt r y as i t s am b assa d or t o E u ro p ea n n a t io n s a n d
ou r o w n
R i ch ar d H D a n a J r as U n i t e d S t a t e s d is t ric t
att or n e y a n d a ut hor assis t e d i n t he j u s t se ttl e me nt o f m os t
i m p or t a n t qu es t io n s o f i nt er n a t io n a l l a w a n d w as n o m i n a t e d
m i n i s t er t o E ngl a n d h i s co n fi rm a t i o n b ei ng d e f ea t e d o nly
by p erso n a l m a l i gn i ty J oh n A A n d re w b ecame i llus t ri
o u s a s g o v er n or o f t he S t a t e d u ri n g t he C i v i l W ar
an d
a ft e r a n i nt e r v a l W i ll iam C l afl i n w as h is s u ccessor i n t h a t
o fli ee
M a rc u s M ort o n o f T a unt o n a n ol d J e fferso n ia n
D emocra t cam e w i t h h i s t h ree g i ft e d so n s i nt o t h e m o v e
me nt ; a n d t h e o n e b eari n g his n a m e a n d i n he ri t i ng h i s
j u d i cia l f ac ul ty ha s ha d a caree r o f t h ir ty y ears o n t he
b e n ch a n d n o w ho l d s t he hi g h o ffi ce o f ch i e f-j u s t ice o f t he
C ommo n w ea l t h : w e g ra t e ful l y reco gn i z e hi s p rese n ce a t t his
t a bl e t o d a y T o t he ro ll o f mem b ers o f Co n g ress h as
b ee n a dd e d fro m t h e p ar ty b e si d es n ame s a l rea d y me n
t i o n e d t hose o f G eor g e F H oar o f W o rces t e r n o w o u r
se n a t or i n Co ng ress a n d o n e o f t h e foremos t i n t h a t g rea t
b o d y ; J oh n A Kasso n o f N e w B e d for d a t o n e t i me mi n
is t e r t o A u s t ri a ; A l exa n d er D e W i tt o f O x for d ; A masa
W a l k e r o f N or t h B r o ok fiel d ; J oh n D B a l d w i n a n d W i ll iam
W R ice b o t h o f W orces t e r ; C h au n c y L K n a pp o f L o w e ll ;
D a n ie l W G ooch o f M e l rose ; J oh n B A ll e y o f L yn n ;
E b e n F S t o n e o f N e w bu ryp or t ; H e n r y L P ierce of D er
ches t e r ; a n d R o b er t T D a v is o f F a ll R i v e r O n e o f t he
mos t gi ft e d o f t he F ree S oi l ers o f 1 8 4 8 w as E ras tu s H o p
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F R EE S OI L R E UN I ON
20
B OS T ON
AT
.
k i n s o f t he C o nn ec t ic ut v a l l e y e v er t o b e remem b ere d as
a n ora t or o f rare g race an d p o w e r a n d a s t ea d y a n d u n
se l fi sh ad v oca t e o f free d om ; w e are gl a d t o reco gn i z e h i s
fea tu res a n d g e n i u s i n hi s s o n a l ea d er o f t he b ar of M assa
c h u s et t s a n d p rese n t w i t h u s
B ut I m u s t n o t p ro l o ng t he e nu me ra t io n T i me w o ul d
fai l m e t o t e l l o f G i d eo n a n d o f B ara k a n d of S am
so n a n d o f J e p h t hah o f D a v i d al so an d S am u e l a n d
o f t he P ro p he t s w ho t hro ug h fai t h s t oo d fi rm fo r t he f ree
d o m o f a race w ro ug h t ri g h t eo u s n ess o u t o f w ea k n e ss
w ere ma d e s t ro ng w axe d v a l i a nt i n fi g h t b reas t e d socia l
a n d p o l i t ical pr e s c r i pt i o n a n d ser v e d fai t h ful l y a ca u se as
holy a s a ny fo r w hi ch mar ty rs h a v e d ie d W e ha v e w i t h
u s as p ar t ici p a nt s i n t his re u n io n t w o d is t i ngu ish e d me n
w h ose A nt is l a v er y se r v i ce excee d s a h a l f ce ntu r y i n d u
ra t io n -J oh n G W hi tt ie r t h e p oe t o f free d om n o w o f
fo u r-score y ears ; a n d S am u e l E S e w a ll s t i ll o l d er t he
N es t or o f t h e M assach u se tt s b ar b or n i n t he l as t y ear o f
t he l as t ce ntu r y W e w el come w i t h t e n d er re g ar d t he
a ut hor o f t hose I n s p i r i n g h y m n s w hi ch t o u che d t h e h ear t s
o f mi ll io n s o f free me n a n d b ro k e t he fe tt ers o f t h e s l ave ;
w e ho n or t he p a t riarch o f t h e l aw w hose ser v ices w e re
a l w a y s a t t he co mma n d o f fug i t i v e S l a v e s b e fore h os t i l e o r
un s y mp a t he t i c t ri bun a l s I n t his co n n ec t i o n I o u g h t t o
recall t o y ou t ha t t he L i b e r ty p ar ty cas t o n e t h ou sa n d v o t e s
for i t s fi rs t ca n d i d a t e for g o v er n or i n 1 84 1 a n d n ear ly
t hir ty-fi v e h un d re d t he n ex t y ear ; a n d t h a t from 1 8 4 3
t o 1 8 4 7 i n c lu si v e — fi v e s u ccessi v e y ears — t h e s t a n d ar d
b earer w as S am u e l E S e w a ll w hose v o t e rose from s i x
t ho u sa n d t o n early t e n t ho u sa n d ; hi s mo d es ty a n d se l f
a bn e g a t io n ha v e a l o n e k e pt hi m from b ei n g ca ll e d t o hi g h
pub l ic t r u s t s W e are for tun a t e t oo i n t h e p rese n ce o f
H orace E S mi th formerly o f Che l sea n o w d ea n o f t h e
L a w S choo l a t A lb a ny ; o f J oh n W i n s l o w former ly o f
N e w t o n n o w a n emi n e nt ci ti z e n a n d l a w y er o f B rook l yn
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AD D R E S S
OF
H ON
ED W
.
ARD
L
P I ER C E
.
21
.
Fran ci s W B ir d w h o a t t h e ag e o f seventy
eig h t retain s t h e fres h ness an d v i tali ty o f yout h
One
w or d fo r t h e abse n t w h om ne ce ssi ty a n d n ot t h ei r c h oice
preve nts t h ei r m ingli n g i n t h is fe sti v ity
A n ni s Me rrill o f
B oston w h o e mi g r ate d to Cal i forn i a i n 1 8 4 9 a n d n o w l i v e s
i n S an Fran cisco ; S h ubael P A d ams o f L o w ell w h o h a s
li v e d si nce 1 8 5 7 i n D u buque I o w a ; J o h n A K a s son o f
Ne w B e d for d lon g a resi d en t o f t h e same S tate ; an d
Herman K r e i s s m an o f B oston late r o f C h icago o n ce
con sul -gene ral to G e rman y an d n o w resi d i n g i n B erlin
A mon g ot h e rs n ecessarily abse n t are J o h n B A lley n ow
tra v elling abroa d ; William C l afl i n w h o engage d h is seat
w it h u s b u t w as at t h e last m omen t kept a w ay by a d i s
abilit y resultin g from a rece nt acci d e nt ; He nry L P ierce
w h o is o n h i s w a
h
to
E
rope
J
u
ge
Hoar
w
o
i
s
seeki
ng
u
d
;
y
h ealt h at S h aro n S p ri ngs ; an d h is brot h er t h e se nator
e n gage d i n publ ic busi ne ss at W as h in gton
A reunion o f t h e Free S oile rs o f Massac h usetts took
place at Mel v ille Gar d e n i n Hing h am A ugust 9 1 8 7 7
t h e t w enty -ni nt h a n ni v ersary o f t h e con v en tion at B u ffal o
w h ere many h ere to d ay an d ot h e rs n o lon ge r li v in g w e re
t h e guests o f t h e late S amuel D o w ne r T h is se con d r e
u nion i t i s altoget h e r probable w ill be t h e last celebrati on
A llo w me to ad d on e s u gg es
o f t h at h i storic mo v emen t
ti on T h is occasi on i s com me m orati ve an d h as n o rel a
tion to prese nt contro v e rsie s or d i v isi on s T h e h eats o f
yout h are passe d an d w e can all w ell aflo r d h o w e v er w e
may n o w be parte d i n our politi cal relations to gi v e t h is
d ay to com mon m emorie s o f a great struggle i n w h ic h w e
stoo d s h oul d e r to s h oul d er i n d e fen ce o f h u man l iberty on
t h is conti ne n t
N Y
.
an d o f
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’
M r PI E RC E S s p e e c h w as fr e qu e n t l y i n t e r r u p t e d
b y a ppl a u s e — m e n t i o n o f t h e n am e s o f P h illip s
S u mn e r W il s o n S e w a ll B i r d a n d o f t h e p o e t
.
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22
F R EE
SO
I L REUNI O N A T B O S T O N
.
l e ft t h e r ec e p t i o n ro o m a fe w
mo m e n ts b e fo r e t h e d i n n e r b e i n g p art i c u l a r ly w e ll
re ce i v e d
W h i tt i e r ,
h ad
who
,
.
PRESIDEN T : B y r igh t o f h i s ad v an c e d ag e
S EWA LL s h o u l d
an d p r i o r i ty o f s e r v i c e , S AMUE L E
h a v e t h e fi rs t pl a c e i n t h e o r d e r o f sp e ec h e s an d I
n o w c a ll u p o n h i m t o a dd r e ss y o u
TH E
.
,
.
RE M A R K S
O F H ON
.
S A M UE L E
S
.
EWA LL
.
MR C H A I R M AN A N D B ROT H ER F REE S o ILERs — I ou g h t
n ot to allo w mysel f to b e calle d u pon as I h ave ma d e n o
pre paration fo r a speec h
S till I coul d n ot re fuse t h e
request w h e n I w as a s ke d by t h e presi d e nt a s h ort ti me
ago an d so I s peak t h oug h I h ave very little to say
Ge ntleme n , w e w e re eng age d n ot only i n a rig h te ou s
fig h t bu t i n a m ost d elig h t ful on e W e enj oye d , I d oubt
n ot t h e conte st i n t h ose d ays We mu s t rejoice n ow t h at
w e w e re en gage d in t h at con te st a n d t h at w e sti ll survive
to enj oy i ts memorie s at t h e p resen t tim e B ut , a s I sai d
i n t h e beginni n g I h ave only t o ex press t h e sati s faction
w h ic h I feel at bein g h ere an d amon g you
I w ill h o w
e ver say one w or d i n a d vocacy o f a cau se w h ic h i s e xactly
an alogou s to t h is matter o f t h e e man ci pation o f sl avery , an d
t h at i s t h is : I recomme n d to t h e atten tion o f all w h o are
h ere presen t t h e eman ci pati on o f w omen Ol d C ato W h e n
ever h e en d e d a speec h i n t h e R om an S enate , w as sure to
“
”
ad d :
T h i s I say an d Cart h age m ust be d e stroye d !
S o I fini s h by sayin g T h e emancipation o f w ome n m ust
be carr ie d !
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A
h e a r ty
as h e
s at
r ou n
d ow n
.
d
of a
ppl au s e
w as
gi v
en
Mr S e w all
.
RE M A R K S
OF
PRE SIDEN T
TH E
23
.
P RES ID E N T : I t w as o b s e r v e d t h a t a s w e t o o k
o u r se a ts s o me g e n t l e m e n w a i te d a s i f i n a r e v e r e n t
mo o d fo r s o me o n e t o s ay g r ac e ; an d i t i s fi t t i n g
t o e x pl a i n w h y n o o n e r o s e t o p e r fo r m t h e se r v i c e
T h e R e v D r J a m e s F r e e m an C l a r k e w h o s e r v e d as
Lan d i n g i n 1 8 77 h ad b e e n
at Dow n e r s
c h a pl a i n
d e s ig n a te d fo r t h e sam e Offi c e o n t h i s o c c as i o n ; b u t
w e w e r e c a ll e d t o m o u r n h i s d e a t h o n t h e e ig h t h
We t h e n appli e d t o t h e R e v D r
d ay Of t h i s mo n t h
A n d r e w P P e ab o d y Of C a mb r i d g e w h o i n 1 8 4 8 w as
E a rly
t h e p a st o r o f a c h u r c h i n P o r ts mo u t h N H
i n t h e m o n t h o f A u g u s t o f t h a t y e a r h e w r o t e an
r e pl i n g t o t h e as
o p e n l e t t e r t o a fr i e n d i n w h i c h
y
s e r t i o n t h a t i t w as a l w ay s a d u ty t o c h o o s e b e t w e e n
t w o e v il s r a t h e r t h an m a k e o n e s ac t i o n i n e ffe c t i v e
h e s a i d t h a t h e r e c o g n i z e d n o s u c h d u ty u n d e r t h e
t h a t i f t h e al t e r n a t i v e i n t h e
an d
c i r c u m s ta n c e s
p e n d i n g e l e c t i o n w e r e t o b e b e t w e e n M o l o c h an d
B e li a l h e s h o u l d t ak e h i s pl a c e w i t h G a b r i e l a n d t h e
”
“
sc a t t e r i n g v o t e rs
To o u r r e g r e t D r P e a b o d y
t h o u gh sy m p a t h e t i c w i th o u r c o mm e mo r a t i o n t o -d ay ,
an d a n x i o u s t o b e w i t h u s w as o b lig e d t o d e c li n e i n
fa v o r o f a p r e v i o u s e n g a g e m e n t a t t h e a n n i v e r s ar y
W e w e r e t h e n u n ab l e
e x e r c i s e s o f H a r v a r d C o ll e g e
t o r e c all an y o t h e r s u r v i v o r o f 1 8 4 8 w h o c o u l d ap
fi
ll
t
h
e v a c a n t pl a c e o f t h e l ame n t e d D r
rO ri a t el
y
p p
C la rk e
I n 1 8 4 8 t w o y o u n g m en l e d t h e F r e e S o il e r s o f
N e w b u ry p o r t a n d E ss e x n o r t h , — C o l o n e l EB EN F
S T O N E a n d C o l o n e l t h e n R e v e r e n d TH OMA S W
HTGGI N S O N b o t h w i t h u s t o d a y
I n ow p re sen t t o
o
h
l
a
t
t
e
r
u
t
e
y
TH E
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’
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24
F R EE S OI L REUNI ON
A DD RE S S
MR C H AI RM AN
B O S T ON
.
T H O M A S W H I G GI N S ON
OF
—
AT
.
.
A
sm all boy i n t h e story aske d h is
fat h er w h o l ooke d a l ittl e d epresse d at break fast w h at w as
t h e matte r w it h h i m He re plie d t h at h e w as d epresse d
be cause h e h ad t h at d ay to e ngi neer a p u blic mee tin g
”
Why
sai d t h e boy
I s h oul d t h ink t h at w oul d be
e asy e noug h A ll you h ave got to d o i s t o tur n on t h e
”
cr ank s
N o w you M r C h airman h ave n ot merely to
turn on t h e crank s but to ge t toget h er a bo d y compose d o f
m e n e v ery one o f w h o m w as consi d ere d a cra n k forty years
A n d h e probably w as on e i n h is se cret s o ul an d i s a s
ag o
mu c h o f a crank tod ay as h e w a s h al f a cen tury ago T h at
i s t h e sort o f quality t h at d oe s not get out o f a man Talk
abou t t h e h eats o f yout h ! T hey go ou t o f u s ; but w e h ave
all to struggle w it h t h e h eats o f age w h i c h are mu c h h ar d e r
to con quer t h a n t h e h eats o f yout h
L ook at ou r d ear ol d
frie n d S e w all w h o h as just launc h e d us al l i nto a not h er
cause w h et h er w e espou se i t or n o I t i s t h e w ay t h ese
re formers are ma d e ; t h ere i s n o ge ttin g it out o f t h em
”
L or d B acon sai d i n h i s essay on Yout h an d A ge
he
is a man o f w h om you m ay probably h ave h ear d : a m an
w h ose plays i t i s clai me d , are per forme d at our t h eatres
L or d B a con sai d t h at h eat an d vivacity i n age m ake t h e
best o f all com positi on s fo r bu siness A n d i f you d oub t i t
apply to Mr S e w all or Mr Fran ci s B ir d
We h ave come h ere Mr C h ai rm a n l ooki ng back on
forty years ago to w rite i n a man n er t h e e pitap h o f a m ove
me n t w it h w h i c h w e w ere t h e n i d entifie d ; a n d t h at i s pr ac
tically t h e same t h ing as w ri tin g ou r o w n epitap h
We h ave
i t on t h e au t h ority o f one o f t h e me n w h o came n ear bei n g
n omi n ate d for P re si d ent at C h icago but w as n ot , t h at e very
m an oug h t to w rit e h i s ow n ep itap h becau se n o one i s usu
.
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26
F REE S O I L R E UNION
AT
B OS T O N
.
a mon g t h e d ou g h face s w h om L o w ell sati rize s ; an d D r
P eabo d y o f C ambri d ge s ays o f h i m i n h i s R emi niscen ces
t h at h e w as d e fe ate d fo r C o n gress be cause h i s A nti sl a v e ry
H o w firmly T h e
v ie w s w ere n o t su ffi ciently pron oun ce d
o d ore P arke r pla nte d h is fee t o n t h e eart h ! He le ft a
re cor d w h ic h i t seem e d w oul d be illustriou s even for on e
h un d re d years i ts praises sou n d e d an d i ts brig h tness n eve r
to be d imme d
Ye t o n l ooki ng at t h e l ast e d i tion O f
t h e one great d ictionary o f biograp h y o f t h e w orl d t h e
”
Fre n c h B iog rap h i e G en erale y ou w ill fi n d t h at T h eo d ore
P arker w as a n e mine n t B oston clerg ym an w h o d evote d h i s
li fe to vin d icating t h e in fall ibility o f t h e H oly S cripture s
a n d t h e d eity o f our L or d Jesu s !
T h ese t h ings illustrate h ow l ittle t h e m ost h e roi c a ctio n
a v ails to secure t h e re w ar d o f permane n t fame
I ts re
i f a ny w h ere i n t h e satis faction o f seei n g a
w ar d comes
great result secu re d
Forty years ago w e u n d ertook a certai n w ork , w h ic h n o
d isguises Of h istory can put out o f sig h t ; a n d t h at w ork i s
I w ent a w eek or t w o ago for t h e fi rst time i n
d one
t h irty -tw o years across t h e plain s to K an s as I re v i si te d
t h e sce nes o f t h e struggle w h i c h some o f you contribute d
m oney to support i n or d e r to vi n d icate t h e rig h t o f free d om
at t h at time I s aw across t h ose prairie s stately citie s t h at
h ave risen w it h u n i v ersi ties public h alls an d libraries ,
t w o years ago I le ft only t h e fe w log -h uts
w h ere t h irtyoccupie d by t h e fe w emigr an ts supporte d by t h e c h arity
n o t h e patriotis m — Of M assac h usetts I le ft t h ose prai
rie s t h e n w it h o u t a tree I came back a n d foun d t h em
w it h out a sla v e
T h at w as t h e recor d o f t h ese t h irty -t w o
years all procee d in g re motely — n ot so very remotely
procee d in g l eg i t i m at el v from t h e m o d e st move men t w h i c h
w as i nitiate d i n t h at S tate s o lon g ago
I n t h e presen ce o f
results so importa n t as t h e fi nal ab olitio n Of sla v e ry w h at
i s any man s reputation ? W h o care s for fame ? W h o
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’
A DDRES S O F T H O M A S
w
HI GGI N S O N
.
27
.
care s fo r i n d i vi d uals e xcep t t h at t h e y furni s h frien d s h i ps
w h ic h
su ppor t u s e ve n i n sorro w an d d i scouragemen t ?
W h o c ares fo r anyt h ing i n t h e past e xce pt t h e magn i fi ce n ce
I t w as t h e joy of t h e me n w h o e n gage d i n
o f i ts results
i t w h ile i t laste d an d w e come toget h e r to -d ay to look o n
one a not h er s face s per h aps fo r t h e last time bu t feelin g
t h at t h e w ork i n w h ic h w e took part w as ri c h an d stro n g
an d w ort h y o f A me ri can h um anity
I h ave only on e t h in g more to say M r C h airm an T h i s
I w i s h to s ay w it h t h e un d e rsta n d in g t h at w h ate v e r d i s
a ster m ay be fall n o bla me i s to attac h to you as t h e con
d uctor
I re me mbe r w h at S am W eller sai d ti mi d ly to h i s
“
fat h e r w h e n h e w rote h i s l o v e letter to M ary :
I mig h t
”
Hi s fat h er obje cte d but Sam per
e n d i t w it h a w erse
”
“
si ste d a n d e n d e d i t : You r l o v e sick P i ck w ick
I am
goin g to e n d t h i s spee c h w it h a verse or only t h ree verses
at t h e lon gest
,
’
,
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Th e
p e a k e r th e n p r o c e e d e d
o r igi n a l p o e m e n t i t l e d
s
to
t h e fo ll o w i n g
r e ad
,
WA I T I N G
We
wa
it
fo r t h e
bugl e
F OR T H E
th e
n
B UGL E
i gh t -d e w s ar e
.
co
ld
,
li mb s o f t h e s ol d i e r s fe e l j ad e d an d Ol d ;
T h e fi el d o f o u r b i v o u a c i s w i n d y an d b a r e
T h e r e i s l ead i n o u r j o i nts th e r e i s fr o s t i n o ur ha ir ;
T h e futu r e i s v e il e d a n d i t s fo r tun e s unkn o w n
A s w e l i e w i t h h u sh ed b r e a th t ill t h e bugl e i s b l o w n
The
,
,
.
At t h e so un d of t h a t bugl e ea ch c o mr ad e sh all s p r i ng
L i k e an a rro w r el e as e d fro m t h e s t r i n o f t h e s t r i ng ;
T h e c o u r ag t h e i mp u l s e o f y o u th s h all c o me b ac k
T o b a n i s h t h e c h ill o f t h e d r e a r b i v o u ac ;
A n d so rr o w s a n d l o ss e s a n d c re s fad a w ay
W h e n t h a t li fe-g i v i ng s i gn al p r o cl ai ms t h e n e w d ay
a
e,
a
e
.
F REE S OI L REUNI O N
28
B OS T ON
AT
.
b i v o u ac o f age may pu t i ce i n o u r v e i n s
A n d n o fib r e o f s te el i n o u r s i n e w r e mai n s
T h ugh t h e c o mrad e s o f y es te rd ay s march ar e n o t h e r e
A d t h e s un li g h t s e e ms p a l e a n d t h e b ra n c h es ar e s e re ;
T h o ugh t h e so u n d o f ou c h ee r i ng d i es d o w n t o a mo an
W e s h all fi n d o u r l o s t yo uth w h e n t h e bugl e i s bl o w n
T h o ugh
th e
,
’
o
,
n
r
,
.
Th e s p e e c h
C o l o n e l H iggi n s o n
d th e
b e au
t i fu l p o e m w i t h w h i c h i t c o n c l u d e d w e r e d e e pl y ap
r e c i a t e d a n d w a r ml y a ppl a u d e d b y t h e au d i e n c e
p
of
an
,
.
PRESI DEN T : We s h all n o w li s t en t o F R A N C I S
W B IRD o f W a lp o l e w h o s e e a r l y s e r v i c e a l re ad y
r e fe r r e d t o i s fam ili a r t o y o u al l
TH E
.
,
,
,
,
.
A DD RE S S
MEN
OF
H ON
.
F ELL OW
B RET H REN !
A ND
F RANCI S W B I RD
.
INDEPEND ENTS
.
1 84 8 !
OF
t h i s gat h ering remin d s u s o f w h at i t cost to
be I n d e pen d ents i n t h ose d ays ! B ut h istory re peats i tsel f
W h e n you tol d me Mr C h airm an t h at y o u w oul d e x
peet me to say a fe w w or d s to our Ol d comra d e s to d ay i n
rummagin g my m e m ory fo r t h e text I fell u pon t h is fro m
”
t h e L a d y o f t h e L ake
H o w fres h ly
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
th y b l tt d f r m t h th i g th t b !
H w f w
ll w
k d w i th r d f th ir f rc
W it
t h v rg
f d rk t rn i ty
Lik tr n d d w r ck t h t i d r tu rn i g h r
w
T
p th m fr m
i g h t ! Ti me r ll h i c
How
a re
o
a
e
e
en
e s
,
o
a
e
ea
e
a
o
e
an
e e
e O
a
e e
e
s,
e
e
n
e
s
o
a
e
e
o
n
oa se
e,
,
e
e
'
o s
ee
e
o
o ur s
B ut you r subseque n t h in t
o
s
s
l
e ase es s
c ur
o
se
”
.
G ive u s a speec h i n a c h eer
”
fu l strain
pro h ibite d n ote s more n atu ra l to an oc t og en a
H a ec ol i m memz m ss e j u v a b z t , — b e t h i s rat h er t h e
rian
k ey-n ote
R e fe ren ce h as been ma d e to my h a v ing presi d e d ove r t h e
B u ffal o con v ention i n 1 8 4 8 T h is h a p pene d from t h e ac ci
d en t o i my stan d i ng near M r A d ams w h e n h e w as c alle d
,
,
‘
‘
‘
.
.
.
.
A D D RES S
OF
H ON
.
F RAN C I S
w
.
B IRD
29
.
out to atten d a m eetin g o f a com mittee A s h e le ft t h e
c h ai r h e w h ispere d to me
Fre d D ouglass w a nts to speak
but t h ese B arnbu rners d on t w an t a colore d man to appear
”
o n t h e plat form
Ot h ers a d vise d m e n ot to re cognize h im
I f M r D ouglass a d d resse s t h e c h ai r h e
M y reply w as
”
s h all h ave t h e fl oo r ; an d h e d i d
A s an illustration o f t h e p re s cr i pt i on w h ic h be fell t h e
I n d epen d ents o f t h ose ti mes let me men tio n one i nci d en t
W alking d o w n B eacon S treet w it h D r P al frey h e sai d
“
T h e time w as w h en i f I fou n d mysel f ab out d i nn er-ti me
w it h out a ny p articular pl ace to d i ne I h ad only to rin g on e
bells an d I w a s su re o f a w el come but n ow
o f t h ese d oor i t is a long time si n ce my legs h ave bee n un d er any o f t h ei r
”
m a h ogany
I n re callin g t h e h i story of t h ose t w enty years from 1 8 4 8
! el i mi nati n g t h ree or four years o f t h e d emoralizin g u p
“
h e av al o f K n o w N ot h ingism
You ng A merica on a
I l o v e to d w ell u po n t h e un sel fi s h sel f-forgetful
c h aracters Of t h e lea d in g Free S oile rs an d e arl y R epubli
”
“
—
can s
yes e ve n o f t h e pol itician s
T h e mac h in e h ad
n ot t h en been i n v ente d at least fo r u s W i t h t h e ex cep
tion o f Hen ry W ilson s election t o t h e U nite d S tates se n ate
by t h e K n o w N ot h i ng legi s l atu re o f 1 8 55 n o i m portan t
pu b l i c O ffice i n M assac h usetts w as e ve r d ispose d o f a s
”
“
tru ck an d d i cke r
My frien d s w h o o f u s d oe s n ot feel w h at a bene d icti on i t
h as bee n to u s to h ave live d i n t h ose time s an d w i t h t h ose
men ? W h o d oes n ot feel t h at i f w e h ave d on e t h e S tate
any service i t h as bee n largely d u e to t h e e d ucation w e
re cei v e d from t h em
To all o f t h em m ay be applie d w it h
al most equal trut h w h at I sai d some years ago O f t w o o f
t h e m — S amuel G Ho w e an d J o h n A A n d re w ! par d on
“
me fo r quotin g mysel f!
T h ese gre at a n d goo d me n
seeme d utte rly un con sciou s t h at t h ei r o w n agency w as o f
t h e slig h te st im portance to t h e w ork i n w h ic h t h ey w e re
.
,
,
,
’
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
’
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
:
.
F REE S OI L REUNION
30
B O S T ON
AT
.
e n gage d ; an d yet t h ey d evote d t h emselve s to t h ei r w ork
w it h a s muc h zeal a n d e arnestne ss as i f t h ey felt t h at t h e
resul t d epe n d e d u pon t h e pe rson al e fforts o f eac h
A d ams ,
A lle n A n d re w , Ho w e M an n P al frey P arke r P h illips ,
S um ner
.
L i v es O f g re a t me n
W e may mak e
,
,
,
,
,
r mi d
l iv u bl i m
al l
n
e
us
e
es s
our
’
.
W h e n h as bee n grante d to on e ge neration t h e i n spiratio n
To t h e age w h i ch t h e y lig h te d up an d l e d
o f suc h me n ?
‘
t h ey h a v e le ft a n i mperi s h able re cor d Of n oble e n d s by
n oble mean s attai ne d
to u s w h o kn e w an d love d t h em
,
,
L earn ed
the
M ade th e m
ir gr t l n g g c u gh t th ir c l r cc nt
t di
p tt rn t l i v
ea
o ur
a
ua
a
e
o
s,
a
e,
e or
e
e,
o
ea
a
e
s,
’
t h ey h ave le ft t h eir great examples , pre ciou s memorie s ,
”
i m mortal h ope s
an
d
.
TH E
P RESI D EN T
Th e F r e e
.
S o il p ar ty
fo r t u n a t e i n i t s
of
M ass a
d i d a t e fo r
g o v e r n o r — S t e p h e n C P h illip s o f S al e m d i s t i n
i
u i s h e d fo r h i s e a r n e s t n e s s
h
s u n s e l fi sh d e v o t i o n
g
an d t h e p o w e r w i t h w h i c h i n h i s ad d r e s se s an d w r i t
“
i n g s h e app e al e d t o t h e A n t i sl av e ry an d
con
sci e n c e
se n t i me n t o f t h e p e o pl e o f t h e S t a t e
His
c a r e e r w as p r e ma t u r e l y c l o s e d
o r h e w o u l d h av e
b e e n c all e d t o h ig h p u b li c s e rv i c e We p ay o u r
t r i b u t e t o h i m t o -d ay a s w e c all u p o n h i s fi li al
r e p r e s e n ta t i v e S te p h e n H P h illip s a t o n e t i me
A t t o r n e y -g e n e r al Of M a s sa ch u s e t ts
c
h u s e t t s i n 1 84 8
:
w as
,
c an
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
A DD RE S S
MR PR ES I D ENT ,
.
OF
S
TEPH EN
H
.
PH I LL IP S
.
-I t h an k you m ost pro fou n d ly fo r t h e
a ffe ctionate tribute you h ave pai d to one so n ear an d d e ar
to m e I h ave some memory o f t h e stirri n g even t s o f t h e
.
ADDRES S
S T EP H EN H P H I LL IPS
OF
.
31
.
h e n t h e Free S oil party w as i n i ts i n fan cy an d some
re mini scen ces m ay be recalle d w it h i ntere st T h e fi rst o f
m any serious conversation s w it h my fat h e r t h at I can r e
member i n regar d to t h e ten d en cy o f t h e ti me s w as i n 1 8 4 4
I w as t h e n j ust out o f college an d just be gin nin g t h e stu d y
o f l a w ; a n d I remembe r one d ay i n S ale m to w ar d t h e close
Of t h e Clay c am pai gn t h at J u d ge C h arles A lle n O f W or
c e s t e r — a n ame n ever to be m entione d w it h out respect i n
su c h a n au d ience as t h is — came d o w n t h ere an d sai d to
m y fa t h er : My n ame h as bee n put o n t h e ele ctoral ticket
o f t h e S tate o f Massac h u setts but I begin to t h ink t h at
Mr Clay i s pl ayin g u s false I f i t comes to t h at I w ill
sta n d out again st t h e w h ole m ove ment Clay or n o Clay
party or n o party ; an d I w ill v ote agai n st t h e ticket i f
t h ere i s to be any trucklin g to t h e sl a v e po w er I t i s
”
abom i n able an d I w ill n ot subm it to i t !
I m en ti on t h at to s h o w t h e i ntense ear nestness o f feelin g
i n t h ose d ays L ooki ng back a t i t I d o n ot t h i nk i t w as
true t h at Mr C lay i nten d e d to play false ; t h e al arm w as
i n itsel f I t h ink false but t h e remark s h o w e d t h e i nten se
i n d ivi d ual ity o f J u d ge A lle n W ell Mr Clay w as d e feate d
bu t t h e ele ctoral vote o f Massac h usetts w as cast fo r h i m
an d
J u d ge A lle n v ote d fo r h im I mme d iately a fter w ar d
t h ere be gan a m oveme nt o n t h e Texas question an d i t w a s
at t h at ti me I remembe r t h at my fat h e r tol d me h e h ad
receive d a commun i cation from Mr W ebste r w h ic h l e d u p
to t h e F ree S oil con fere n ce a n d o n t h e w h ol e subject bot h
M r W ebste r sai d
T h is i s a G or d ian
w e re v e ry seriou s
”
knot ; i t can not be d i sse v e re d i t mu st be cut
S h ortly
a fte r w ar d at Mr Webste r s suggestion a mee t in g w as
calle d i n B oston to protest against t h e an nexation Of Texas
a n d an a d d ress w a s p re pare d a n d sen t ou t to t h e people o f
M assac h usetts on t h e subje ct T h at a d d res s w as p ractically
t h e w ork o f M r We bste r ; an d contain s t h e se w or d s :
“
A n ne xati on i s calculate d an d d esigne d b y t h e Ope n
d ays
w
,
.
.
,
,
,
e
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
’
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
F REE S OI L REUNIO N
32
B OS T ON
AT
.
its frie n d s to up h ol d t h e i n stituti o n o f sla
very ex te n d its i n fluen ce an d to cau se i ts permane n t
”
He took t h e pai n s to w rite t h i s w it h h i s o w n
d urati on
pen I h ol d t h e m anuscript of t h at a d d re ss i n my h an d s
A large part o f i t i s in M r Webste r s h an d w ritin g an d al l
Well t h at w as a fte r
o f i t w as w ritte n at h i s d ictation
all t h e proposition t h e e nergetic d e man d of t h e Free S oil
party
of
d eclaration
,
,
,
.
.
.
’
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
Mr P h illip s h e r e p r o d u c e d t h e o r igi n al man u
on
l a r g e gil t -e d g e d p a p e r, s u c h a s
s c r ip t , w r i t t e n
w as t h e n s u ppli e d t o s e n a t o r s an d c a b i n e t O ffi c er s
H e a dd e d t h a t h e a l w ay s u n d e r
a t W as h i n g t o n
s t o o d t h e a dd r e s s t o h av e b e e n p r e p ar e d i n B o s t o n ,
fi c e c o rn e r o f C o u r t an d T r e mo n t
a t M r W e b s te r s O f
Mr Ph illip s t h e n p r o c e e d e d
s tr e e t s
.
.
’
.
,
.
.
T h e conve ntio n w as h el d S oo n a fte r w a rd a p am p h let
“
J o h n Hamp
w as publ is h e d sign e d first by t h e n ame o f
”
but a fter w ar d c h an ge d at Mr Webster s s u g g es t i dn
d en
”
“
t o A Massac h usetts Freeman w h i c h w as w i d ely c i r cu
late d t h roug h o u t Massac h usetts w it h M r Webste r s ap
proval T h i n gs w e nt on We h ad struggle a fter struggle ;
o l d frie n d s d eserte d u s an d n e w frien d s came to our su p
port an d t h e C on scie n ce W h igs p rocee d e d to organize
t h e mselves My frien d h ere o n t h e rig h t [ M r B ir d ! i s
per h aps t h e only representative Of t h at little bo d y o f me n
w h o use d to mee t fo r con sultati on an d con fere nce i n M r
A d ams s o ffi ce N ot one o f t h ose m e n w is h e d to leave t h e
W h ig party but t h ey w ere force d by t h e i nevitable te n d en cy
o f t h ing s ; cost w h at i t mig h t t h ey h a d to d o it an d d o it
t h ey d i d T h e organization w as ma d e an d from t h at time
fort h t h e d i e w as cast an d t h e w ork w e nt on
T h at w ork
i s all be fore us an d t h e frie n d s w h o are h ere to -d ay mig h t
w ell a d opt t h e language o f Macaulay an d say : “ I ts l aw
.
!
,
’
.
,
,
,
,
’
.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
’
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
34
F REE S OI L REUNION
B OS T O N
AT
.
”
to t h ei r m emory ; but w h e n w e t h ink o f w h at t h ey d i d
fer i t i s somet h ing fo r us to
an d O f w h at t h ey h a d to su f
pon d er ove r
,
.
PRES I DEN T : Yo u w ill n o w li s t e n t o o n e
b u t c o mi n g o f ag e
n o t ol d e n o u g h t o v o t e i n 1 8 4 8
a y e a r o r t w o l a t e r — w h o h as p r o b a b l y add r e ss e d
m o r e a u d i e n c e s t h a n an y m an n o w li v i n g i n
M ass a c h u s e tts ,
JO H N L S W I F T
TH E
,
.
.
A DD RE S S
O F GEN
J OH N L
.
SWI
.
FT
.
h al f a cen tury w e h ave k n o w n t h e ve rse o f our Free
S oil poet w h ose h an d s w e h ave lovingly gra spe d to-d ay
O ve r an d over agai n h a v e w e rea d t h at c h armin g N ew
”
E nglan d i d yl Wh i t t i er s S n o w bou n d
A t t h e close h e
says :
F OR
.
,
’
,
.
H ply i n m lull f l i fe
S me Tr u c
f G d w h ic h b r e k i t
tri fe
T h e w r ldl i n g ey
h ll g th r d w
D r a mi n g i t h r g ful ci ty w y
dk w;
Of w i nt r j y h i b y h
A d de r
d
rly fri d t h fe w
W h y t r m in
h ll p u e t o v i e w
T h e e F l emi h p ic tu r of l d d y
a
so
,
o
O
e
e o
’
o
s
e
n
e
n
o
a
an
e
e
,
a
,
a
es s
a
s
s
a
o
en
ea
a
s
s
oo
a
es
w e , Ol d
s
s s
e
on
o
s
I n t h at S pi rit
o
,
e
,
,
s
ne
s
e
a
o
s
a
s
”
.
Free S oilers i n t h e su n set o f ou r
t h i s table to look toget h e r u pon t h e pic
,
l i v es si t aroun d
tures o f t h e past
My w or d s W ill be fe w an d fro m a lump t h at keeps com
i n g u p i n my t h roat it i s d oubt ful i f I get o n smoot h ly o r
a great w ay Here once more are t h ose w h o h ave no t
m et fo r years an d yet fo r ye ars w ere associ ate d i n a pol i
tical m o v e men t com pare d w it h w h i c h n ot h in g w as eve r
b ra v er i n political morals or pol iti cal contes ts A n d look
i ng i nto t h ese faces h o w i t all come s back ! On ce more
w e see t h e crystalliz ation o f t h e yout h o f Massac h u setts
aroun d t h at most sple n d i d i nterpretation o f A me rican p o
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
A D D RESS O F
l i t i c al d uty ,
GEN
J O HN
.
L
.
S WIFT
35
.
ree soil free speec h free press free men !
a c r ystallization begi n n i ng i n its eleme ntary force i n t h at
trust i n G o d W h ere t w o or t h re e w e re met toget h e r i n t h e
n ame o f libe rty to en d i n t h e tram p o f t w o millio n arme d
me n an d a n i nseparable n ation ack n o w le d gin g n o m aster
My fi rst v ote w as a
a n d k n o w ing n o sl a v e u n d er t h e flag
Free S oil v ote ; my fi rst memorie s are Free S oil me morie s ;
my first w arm frie n d s Of e arly man h oo d w ere F ree S oil
frien d s
W h ate v e r el se h as come to my h eart o f e x pe
r i e n c e or c h ange t h ere h as n eve r been any t h in g but respect
”
“
a n d l ove fo r t h e
Old Guar d
A ll t h e
d ea d a n d livin g
real estate I h a v e u n mor tg ag ed i s a buri al lot at Forest
Hills H o w soon I a m to re st t h e re I d o n ot k n o w or
fea r to kn o w
I w oul d n ot h a v e t h e S pot w h ere I a m to
be lai d in t h e arm s o f Mot h er E art h d esign ate d w it h marbl e
o r by comme n t ou t i n stone ; but goin g by t h at gree n
m ou n d i f t h ose w h o outl ive me h alt fo r a momen t an d
”
say
Here l ie s a n ol d Free S oiler t h ey may see t h e gras s
a n d t h e lea v e s h o w t h eir w el com e to t h e w or d s
an d t h e
su nli g h t s mile t h roug h t h e ri fts o f t h e foliage i n respon se
to t h ei r greetin g
S tan d in g h ere t h e past rises u p be fore me
I a m agai n
carryi n g a torc h i n on e O f t h ose Free S oil procession s t h at
al w ays h ad i n its earliest stages m ore torc h -bearers t h a n
v ote s A gai n I a m i n Faneuil Hall listen i n g to C h arle s
S um ner as h e l i fts our t h oug h ts o n W i n gs o f eloque n ce to
”
“
t h e h allo w e d su m mit o f t h e h ig h e r l a w
A gai n w e a s
se nt to He n ry W ilson t h at man o f t h e people as h e v e n
”
ture s to pre d i ct
A gai n w it h A n son B u rli n game I pass
h ou rs t h at ru n i nto d ays at t h e h ospit abl e h ome o f our
”
N e stor h ere Ho n Fran ci s W B ir d
Fran k w as h i s
n ame i n o l d Free S oil d ays ; a n d one d ay a s t h e gran d
j ury w as i n session to look a fte r t h e se d itious lea d er s i n
t h e e ffort to rescue A n t h ony B urn s I re member h e cam e
h i m an d D a niel Well s A lvor d
a n d in v ite d me to go w it h
—f
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
,
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,
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,
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,
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,
,
36
F RE E S OI L REUNI ON
AT
B OS T ON
.
fi s h in g in t h e A d i ron d ack s ; h e t h ou g h t t h e ai r o f t h at
m ountain regi on m ore con d uci v e to t h e h ealt h an d sa fety
o f a Free S oiler t h an t h e easterly w i n d s o f B oston : t h i s
w as be fore t h at blesse d tract h ad bee n d esecrate d by t h e
”
“
trout romancer
A gai n I rea d W ar r i n g t o n s i n c o m
pa r able letters — t h e brig h test w ittiest ablest correspon d
e nt o f n e w spapers Massac h u setts e v e r pro d u ce d A gai n I
p ace a n d repace Cambri d ge bri d ge breat h le ssly listenin g
till a fte r mi d ni g h t as B urli n game fores h a d o w s t h at m o
ment
ye s t h at su preme m omen t i n A meri ca n h i story
w h e n i t w as foun d t h at t h ere w as a p oi nt w h ere A me ri can s
reare d i n t h e free i n stitution s o f t h e N ort h w oul d risk t h ei r
li v e s fo r h onor or for pri n ciples ei t h er by combat o f t w o
o n t h e soil o f Cana d a or by arme d legion s o n t h e soil o f
t h e S out h
A gai n I see t h e faces a n d some are h ere to
d ay o f t h at fait h ful ban d w h o every ye ar met t h e evenin g
b e fore t h e Free S oil S tate conventi on s i rrepressible an d
e nt h u siasti c an d as fait h ful to t h ese gat h eri ngs as t h e
c h osen race o f I srael w as fait h ful to fe asts an d to d ay s
w h e n t h e tribes w ent u p toget h er
T h e n w as s h ape d t h at
bol d au d aciou s for w ar d u nyiel d in g A merican policy w h ic h
be came A merican d estiny an d w h i c h l ately on t h e floor O f
C on gress from t h e lips of a generou s K e ntucki an re cei v e d
t h e most m ag n i fi cent bu rst o f eloquen ce over M as s ach u
setts courageou s l ea d ers h i p t h at ever h a s bee n or e v er w ill
be uttere d
W h o o f u s ca n feel ot h er t h an j u sti fiabl e pri d e as w e
to on e an ot h e r recall t h ese scen e s
all Of w h ic h w e s aw
”
an d p art o f w h i c h
w e w ere
? I t h as bee n sai d of ou r
fat h ers t h at
t h ey w ent to w ar again st t h e traine d armie s
o f E nglan d w it h t w o fi el d pieces a r aw militia an d a n
”
i d ea
L ike t h e m w e grapple d w it h a traine d organ i ze d
politi cal force i n trenc h e d i n e v ery d epartm e nt o f t h e n ation
w it h a fe w conve ntion s
a cru d e plat form an d w it h r aw
recruits pl e d ge d to live or d i e by t h e i d e a t h at pe ace an d
’
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AD D RESS O F
G EN
JOHN
.
L
S WI F T
.
37
.
or d e r i n t h i s republi c w ere i mpossi ble w it h ou t equ al an d
e xact j ustice fo r all m en w h ite or black T h at gran d an d
u ncompromi si ng i d ea li nke d t h e Free S oil ballot to t h e
t h rone o f t h e m ost h i g h Go d A t l ast t h at gl ori ou s an d
irresi stible i d ea un d e r A b ra h am L in col n became t h e rei gn
i n g p oliti ca l t h oug h t ; an d by a v ictori ou s army ove r master
in g Obstacle s t h at see me d i n surm ou n t able an d by proce s s e s
almost miracul ou s t h ere w as e stablis h e d t h e fact o f fre e
soil an d t h e t h eory o f free me n an d an u n fettere d speec h
an d press o n e v e r y foot o f A merican territory
T O-d ay w it h out rai si n g any question s o f present d uty
or l i fting t h e v eil u pon t h e future I b o w be fore t h e mi g h ty
stri d e fo r h u man rig h ts t h at h as bee n ma d e si n ce w e first
rocke d t h e Ol d Cra d le o f L iberty to Free S oil c h eers
W h e n L a fayette v i site d t h i s cou ntry i n 1 8 2 4
an d ec h oes
h e w as recei v e d at a mun icipality i n C onnecti cut on h i s
T h e c h airman o f t h e com
w ay to B oston from N e w York
mi t t e e w a s a n o l d R e v olution ary sol d ie r w h o h ad foug h t
u n d er L a fayette at Mon m out h
He h ad n ot see n h i m fo r
forty -fi v e years a n d h e w on d e re d i f t h e bra v e General w oul d
recogn i ze h i m W h en t h ey met t h e captai n from em otio n
coul d n ot speak L a fayette l ooke d at h i m rus h e d to h i m
“
t h re w h i s arm s ab ou t h i m ex cl ai min g
Captai n my o l d
”
!
comra d e Go d bless you
My ol d Free S oil comra d e s
G o d ble ss you e v e ry one !
,
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PRE S I D EN T : W e h a v e a g e n t l e m a n o f a c c u
r a t e kn o w l e dg e
a c q u i r e d b y e x p e r i e n c e a s w e ll a s
s t u d y w h o c an t e ll y o u h o w t h e F r e e S o il fa i t h
o n c e r e g a r d e d a s m o r a l a n d p o li t i c a l h e r e s
a
t
h
t
e
y
S o u t h h a s fi n a ll y g o t a fo o t h o l d i n t h a t r e gi o n
w h i c h w as t h e s e a t o f A m e r i c a n s l a v e r y i n 1 8 4 8
I r e fe r t o ED WA R D A T K INSON, O f
b u t i s n o w fr e e
B r o o k li n e w h o w ill n e w a dd r e ss y o u
TH E
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38
F R E E S O I L R EUNION
A DD RE S S
G EN T L EM EN ,
OF
B O S T ON
AT
.
E D W A R D A TK I N S O N
.
I ca n not bri ng to you m any remi nisce nce s
I came
i n t h at year an d t h re w my fir st
vote fo r t h e Free S oil ti ck et I h ad h o w ever bee n i n close
rel ation s as a yout h w it h t h e ol d W h igs an d t h e cotto n
manu facturers o f t h at d ay an d t h i s relation w it h t h e cotto n
i n d ustry h as con tinue d e v e r si nce
T h e only i n ci d e n t t h at I can re call m ay S h o w t h at t h e
D e v il i s not al w ays as bl ack as h e i s painte d I n t h e time
of w h i c h
o f t h e Ol d N e w E ngla n d E migran t A i d S ociety
I w as on e of t h e o rigin al stock h ol d ers I app lie d to t h e
D eacon o f one of t h e Ort h o d ox c h urc h es o f B oston a n Ol d
W h i g fo r money w it h w h i c h to pu rc h ase S h arp s rifle s to
”
be se n t to K ansas
sai d h e
I ca n t gi v e you an y
Oh
m on ey t o b u y g u n s w i t h ; I c a n t d o t h a t ; but see h ere t h e
men w h o carry t h e gu n s w ill n ee d some bee f, an d I w ill
”
gi v e you t w e nty -fiv e d oll ars to buy some bee f fo r t h e m
He ga v e me t h e m oney an d i t w en t i n to t h e gen e ral fu n d
I n e v e r aske d fo r a v ou c h e r to ve ri fy t h e bee f purc h ase
I t h as bee n sai d h ere to -n ig h t t h at t h e t h eory o f free
spee c h h as e xte n d e d t h roug h out ou r l an d I can mysel f
bear W itness n ot only to t h e t h eory but to t h e fact t h at free
spee c h h as e x ten d e d t h roug h ou t all t h e S out h
I t w as my
fortune to be calle d u pon to sp eak i n t h e sen ate c h ambe r
o f Georgi a i n Octobe r
1 8 8 0 u pon t h e pr e pose d Cotton
E xposition w h i c h t h ey t h e n d e sire d to h a v e establis h e d i n
A tlanta I h ad a pi cke d au d ie n ce o f sixty or seve nty me n
a s many a s t h e sen ate c h ambe r coul d h ol d com fortably
se ate d ; t h e Go v ern or an d t h e pri nci pal Official s , on e
U nite d S tates se nator e x -S en ato r Toombs an d m any ot h er
lea d i ng m en p ol i t i c i an s me rc h an ts an d man u facture rs
w ere p rese n t
I h a d re ce ntly w ritte n an article on t h e
of
1 84 8
.
o f ag e
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A D DRES S O F ED WA RD A T K INSON
39
.
a few d ays be fore I reac h e d A tlanta a n
m a d e u pon m e i n on e o f t h e S out h ern
papers by a cle rgyman w h o sai d t h at i t w as n ot fit t h at
suc h a re presen t ati v e o f t h e N ort h s h oul d be calle d u pon to
sp eak to t h e m I t w a s clear t h at t h e re mig h t be objectio n
t o my speakin g an d I sai d to mysel f N O W i s t h e ti me to
try t h i s que stion an d i t s h al l be trie d I began i n a quiet
w ay
but be fore I h ad gone far i n my a d d ress I sai d to
t h em somet h ing lik e t h is
S oli d S out h ; an d
attack h ad bee n
.
,
,
.
,
,
:
I i nt e n d t o u se fre e S p e e ch fo r a
p u r p o s e a d t o s p e a k p l ai n w o r d s o f t r ut h an d s b e r n e s s unt o y o u
I w ill n o t p e r mi t my s el f t o i n s u l t y o u by ad mi tti ng e v e n i n my
o w n m i n d t h a t I c a nn o t s p e ak my c o nv i c t i o n s a d as k c e r t a i n h o me
qu e s ti o n s h e r e w i th as mu c h i n d ep e n d en c e as I c an i n my o w
li ttl e to w n i n M assa c h u s e tt s If a y o n e Obj e c t s t o fr e e s p e ec h l e t
T h ank Go d th a t t i me h as go n e by ! I s p e ak t o
h i m d o it n ow
a s a R e publi c a n o f t h e R e pub li c an s
o u h e r e an d n o w
as an
y
Ab oli ti o n i s t o f ea rl y ti m e a F r ee S o il e r o f l a te r d a te but I al so
s p e ak a d y e t m o r e t r u l y a s a D e mo cr a t o f D e m cr a t s b e c a u s e n o
man c an b e a t r u e D e mo cr a t w h o d o es n o t ma i n t a i n t h e e qu al
r i gh t o f e v e r y m n w i t h o u t di s ti n c t i o n o f r ac e co l o r o r co n d i ti o n
”
t o s p e ak ac t a n d v o t e as h e fr e ely c h o o s e s
G e ntl e me n
of
th e
S o ut h ,
n
,
o
.
n
n
n
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,
,
.
,
,
n
,
a
,
o
,
,
,
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,
,
.
,
T h e n an d t h ere I recei v e d as h earty a rou n d Of appl au se
a s I ever secu re d i n an y a d d ress I h ave ever m a d e A little
late r on I u se d t h ese w or d s :
.
ge n e r al p r o g re s s w h e re t h e l ab o r e r i s n ot
w o r t h y o f h i s h i r e ; a d t h a t l a n d w ill al w a y s b e ac c u r se d w h e r e
t h e ma w h o e a r n s h i s d ai l y b r e a d by t h e w o r k o f h i s o w n h a n d s
W h e n sl a v e r y e n d e d o t o n l y w e r e bl a c k s ma d e
i s n o t h o n o red
fr e e fr o m t h e b o n d ag e i mp ose d by o t h e r s but w h i t es as w ell w e r e
r e d ee med fr om t h e b o n d age th e y h ad i mp o sed u p o n t h e mSe l v e s
I n th a t d ar k a d d i s t a n t p as t d i d y o u r c o tto n l an d i mp r o v e i n pro
d u c t e v e r y y e a r ? Or t o qu o t e t h e w o r d s o f H e n r y A W i s e o f
V i r g i n i a D i d n o t yo u r n i gge r s s k i n t h e l a n d a n d y o u r w h i te me n
?
k
i
n
n
i
gg
r
T o qu o t e ag ai n fr o m D r Cl o u d o f A l ab ama
t
h
e
s
s
e
D i d n t y o u gu l l y y o u r h ills i d es an d b l as t y o u r p r ai r i es ?
“
Th ere
be
c an
no
n
n
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n
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n
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’
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F REE S OI L R E UNIO N
40
B O S T ON
.
t h e n a l ittle furt h e r on qu otin g from t h e mi nister
h ad attacke d me I sai d to t h em
And
who
AT
,
,
t h a t t h e N o r th e r n
fo rc e s t w o milli o n s t r o ng b ac k e d w i th al l t h e w e al t h o f t h e N o r t h
I t i s n o t t r u e Yo u h a v e n o t
h ad c o me d o w n h e r e t o s bd u e y o u
b ee n s ub d u ed e i th e r by N o r th e r n me o r N o r th e r n w eal th ; y o u
h a v e s u rr e n d e r e d o n l y T O T H E P R I N C I P L E O F L I B E R TY w h i ch w as
i n c o r p o r a t ed i n t h e Co n s t i tut i o n o f t h e Un i t ed S t a t es by y o u r
b y L a u r e n s o f S o ut h C ar oli n a a n d
a n c e s t o r s a s w ell a s m i n e —
P a t r i c k H e n ry o f V i r g i n i a as w ell as by H an c o c k a n d A d a ms
G o d w i th me
o f M as s ac h u s e tt s ; an d I c all up o n y o u t o t h a nk
t h a t y o u w e r e n o t s t r o n g e n o ugh t o b r e ak d o w n t h a t p r i n c i pl e o f
li b e r ty
N e v e r b e fore i n all my l i fe h ad I recei v e d suc h an ovatio n
A n d t h e n I sai d to
o f a ppl ause as I d i d t h e n an d t h ere
“
It
b ee n
h as
sa
id
h e r e w i th i n
a
fe w d a y s
,
,
u
.
.
n
,
,
,
”
.
.
t h em :
B ut I
I w i tn e s s t h e p r o g r es s
th a t y o u a e mak i ng i n al l t h e a r t s a n d i n d u s t r i es bo r n of li b e r ty
i n c o mp e t i t i o n w i th u s of t h e N o r th S upp o s e I g o b ac k s u mmo n
a g ai n t h e a r m i e s a d n a v i es Of t h e N o r t h t o c o me d o w n h e r e t w o
m illi o n s t r o n g b ac k e d w i th al l o u r w e al th t o put a g ai n up o n y o u r
f
ou
s h o u l d e r s t h e bu r d e n o f s l a v e r y w h i c h y o u h a v e t h r o w n o f
y
w o u l d figh t h a r d e r t o k e e p i t Off t h a n y o u d i d t o mai nt ai n i t ; an d
T H EN y o u w o ul d b ea t u s e v e ry ti me a d r i gh tl y t o o T h an k God
a g ai n t h a t t h e P o t o m ac h as n o t b e c o me t h e R h i n e d i v i d i ng t w o
s e c t i o n s w i t h t w o h o s t il e a r mi e s w a t c h i ng eac h o t h e r i n c am p an d
b arrack s e v e n i n ti me o f p e ac e bu rd e n i ng e ach s e c ti o n w i th t h e
e v il s o f s t a n d i ng a r mi e s t h a t a r e e a t i ng o u t t h e h e a r t o f fo r e i g n
c o unt r i es
A gai n came t h e h earty a ppl ause
A fe w d ays late r sitting at t h e tab l e w it h a n ex -C o n
fe d erate General o f S out h C aroli n a I trie d my cu stomar y
fea
r
we
h a v e m ad e
mi s t ak e
a
.
r
.
,
n
,
,
.
,
,
n
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
m et h o d
I sai d :
“
of
On e d ay
B os to n
seei ng
at
a
h ow far
me e t i n g
of
one mig h t
th e
ol d
go
in
free
spee c h
V ig il an ce C ommi tt ee
.
in
F RE E S O I L REUNION
42
AT
B OS T ON
.
ra s h pre d iction ; yet n ot m any m ont h s ago t h e e d itor o f
C entu ry M agazi ne sen t me a man uscri pt to revise
the
Con fe d erate
w h ic h w as a fter w ar d pri nte d w ritte n by an e x o ffi cer o f h ig h rank n o w a pro fessor i n one o f t h e S out h ern
c olleges i n w h ic h t h e groun d w as take n t h at t h e N ort h
itsel f h ad not w itnesse d t h e greatest benefit t h at h ad gro w n
o u t o f t h e w ar an d t h a t h a d b een t h e eman c ip a t i on of t h e
,
,
,
,
,
,
w h i te
man of t h e S ou t h
.
gentle men w h at m ore com plete j usti fication c ou l d
be fou n d fo r t h e Free S oilers o f 1 84 8 t h an t h ese exam ples
w h ic h I h a v e gi v en you o f free S peec h u pon t h e free soil of
our S out h ern lan d ? O r agai n w h at m ore complete j u sti
fi c at i o n o f t h e w is d om o f ou r great w a r governor J o h n A
A n d re w w h en h e coun selle d u s afte r t h e w ar still to move
on w it h a vigorous prosecution o f pe ace
S uc h h a s been
t h e revolution not only o f in stituti on s but o f i d ea s i n our
S out h ern lan d an d so fully h ave our S ou t h ern frien d s
learne d t h e lesson t h at t h e local sel f-govern me n t fo r w h i c h
m ost of t h e m claime d to fi g h t w as w h olly i n con sisten t w it h
a n d yet more so w ell h as t h e
t h e exi s t en ce o f slavery
lesson been learne d t h at i n t h ei r v ery d e feat t h ey h ave
gai ne d t h e cau se o f local sel f-go v ern me nt for w h i c h t h ey
foug h t t h at t h ere are n one w it h w h om w e can j oi n m ore
h eartily h an d i n h an d to sustai n t h e U ni on t h an t h e r epr e
s e n t at i v es o f local sel fgovern ment an d S tate rig h ts — n ot
S tate sovereignty ; t h ere i s a broa d d i stin ction — i n S out h
Caroli na an d i n Massac h usetts P e rve rte d n o lon ger by
t h e existe nce o f sla v ery i n t h eir i d e as o f w h at S tate rig h ts
con sist in t h e men o f t h e S out h an d t h e me n o f t h e N or t h
m ay w ell u n ite i n m ai ntaining local sel f-govern me n t u n d e r
t h e ce ntral su stai ni n g po w e r o f t h is great n ation to w h i c h
t h e allegia n ce of all is n ow so c h eer fully an d so fully
re n d ere d
N ow ,
,
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D D R ES S
'
H ON J O H N WINS L O W
OF
A
.
43
.
PRES I D EN T : A m o n g t h e F r e e S o il s p e a k e r s
o f 1 8 5 0— 1 8 52 w a s J O H N WINS L O W
It
o f N e w to n
w as m
p
r
i
v
il
e
g
e d u r i n g t h o s e y e ar s w h e n w e w e r e
y
fe ll o w l a w -s t u d e n t s a t C a mb r i d g e t o li s t e n t o h i m
a n d o n m o r e t h a n o n e o c c a s i on
t o Sp e a k w i th h i m
fr o m t h e s a m e pl a t fo r m
I n d e e d h e g a v e m e my
fi rs t o pp o r t u n i ty o f t h e k i n d w h e n w e a d d re ss e d t h e
p e o pl e o f hi s v ill a g e at t h e Upp e r F a ll s i n t h a t t o w n
i n 1 8 50
H e h a s s i n c e a t t a i n e d a h ig h pl a c e i n h i s
p r o fe ss i o n an d h i s n am e i s fo u n d at t h e h e a d o f t h e
b e s t e n t e r p r i s e s i n h i s a d o p te d c i ty o f B r o o k ly n
W h e r e a t p r e s e n t h e i s p r e s i d e n t Of t h e N e w En g
l an d S o c i e ty I i n tr o d u c e t o y o u M r WINS L O W
TH E
,
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A D D RESS O F HON J O HN W INS L O W O F B ROO K L YN
.
MR C H A I RMA N
,
G EN T L EMEN ,
,
N Y
.
.
-Th i s
i s a c h armi n g
comme morati o n o f t h e Free S oil e po c h an d n aturally d ra w s
toget h er t h e sur v i v i n g seri ous t h ou g h tful veteran s w h o
w ere acti v e Free S oilers i n Massac h usetts i n 1 8 4 8
I am
gla d to be w it h you
T h e Free S oil mo v e ment t h oug h n ot confine d to Massa
w as largely s u pporte d by h er people
As we
c h u s et t s
k ne w i t i n Massac h u setts w e m av recall suc h n oble
n ame s among t h e le a d ers as P al frey an d Wil so n an d
S umn er an d P h illip s a n d J ackson a n d K eyes an d B urli n
game a n d A lle n a n d A d a ms n ot to speak of t h e li v i n g
n ames t h at w ill be respect fully remembere d as lon g as t h e
h istory o f l iberty s h al l be rea d a n d revere d
I t i s d i ffi cult to re fer to any sp ecial ci rcu mstance or i n
ei d e n t t h at l e d to t h e formatio n o f t h e Free S oil party I t
w as c alle d i n to e xisten ce by t w o great force s t h at came
i nto i rrepressi ble con flict On t h e one si d e w as sla v ery ,
aggressively a ssertin g politi cal rig h t an d po w er ; o n t h e
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A ND
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F REE S OI L REUNION
44
AT
B OS T ON
.
ot h er si d e w as t h at love o f j ustice an d free d o m w h ic h Go d
h as gi v en to man T h e h i story of t h e gre at fig h t c an
be tra ce d a n d i d e ntifie d by t h e Opposition o f t h e Free
S oilers to t h e teac h in gs o f Jo h n C C al h oun w h o w as t h e
able d e fen d e r o f slavery an d o f its rig h t to d omin ate all
publi c policy t h at coul d possibly a ffect or im pinge u pon t h e
”
“
barbarism calle d t h e
in stitution o f slave ry
Cal h ou n
”
“
belie v e d t h at t h e
i n stitu tio n
coul d n ot live i f A n ti
sla v ery i d eas an d agitati on w ere n ot su ppresse d A bra h a m
L in coln in l ater ti me , sai d t h e same t h in g i n h i s o w n w ay
w h en h e d eclare d t h e coun try coul d not remai n h al f slave
a n d h al f free
I n 1 8 28 w h en t h e tari ff bill w as pe n d i n g i n Congress
Cal h ou n as t h e le a d er o f t h e fre e -tra d ers fou n d h im sel f
oppose d by V an B ure n an d J ackson
Cal h ou n w as d eter
m i ne d as h e sai d to brin g t h e prote ctive syste m to a n
T h is l e d h i m to assert t h e sove reignty o f t h e S tate s
en d
a n d h e w as soon fou n d pu s h i n g t h e d octri ne to e xtreme s
He i n v oke d t h e V i rgi ni a an d K en tucky resolution s o f
1 7 9 8 — 99 an d ex poun d e d t h e d octrine o f n ul l i fi c at i o n
t h e rig h t o f e ac h S tate to pre v e nt w it h i n h er li mi ts t h e
e n force men t o f suc h A cts o f Congress as s h e mig h t con
si d e r un co n stitution al I n 1 8 2 8 Cal h ou n set fort h t h i s d oc
trin e i n an elaborate paper w h i c h came to be kn o w n as
”
t h e S out h Carolin a E x position
T h is l ed later to t h e
famous d ebate i n t h e S en ate bet w een S e n ator Hayn e o f
S out h Carol in a an d D an iel W ebster
Here let me say
Mr C h airman t h at w h atever criticisms may be j ustly m a d e
u pon t h e course o f Mr Webster i n h i s later years touc h in g
t h e aggressi on s o f t h e sl ave po w er t h e great prin ciple s
h e a d vocate d i n t h at masterly speec h fo r t h e con servatio n
o f L iberty an d U nion
a n a d v ocacy t h at h as n ot its e qual
i n t h e an nal s o f A merican statesman s h i p i n brea d t h a n d
d ept h an d luci d ity O f state ment — w e re t h e pri nci ple s t h at
i n spi re d ou r people i n t h e fin al struggle v i et a r mi s an d
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A D D RE S S
H O N J O H N W INS L O W
OF
45
.
gave v ictory for t h e U n io n a s t h e prese rve r o f con stitutional
free d om
We fi n d Cal h ou n struggli n g to ste m t h e A ntisla v e r y
ti d e by m ars h allin g t h e S tate-so v ereignty t h eorie s to t h e
d e fence o f sla v ery
On e o f h i s measure s w as a bill i n t h e
S e n ate subjecti n g to severe pe n alties any postmaster w h o
s h oul d k n o w i n gly receive an d put i n to t h e m ail any p u bli
cation Or pi ctu re touc h i n g t h e subj e ct o f S la v ery to g o into
any S tate or te rritory i n w h i c h t h e ci rculati on o f suc h
picture or publi catio n s h oul d be forbi d d e n by t h e S tate
l a w s T h e report asser te d t h e d octrin e t h at t h e S tate s
w e r e so v ereign as to one a n ot h er bou n d toget h er only b y
com pa ct I n h i s speec h Cal h ou n m a d e a n al armin g state
men t o f t h e nu mbers an d zeal o f t h e A boliti on i sts a n d o f
t h e d anger o f t h ei r d iscussion s an d prin ciples to t h e S out h
H e al so i n siste d t h at all petition s fo r t h e aboliti o n o f sla
very i n t h e territorie s an d t h e D istri ct of Columbi a oug h t
to be rej ecte d altoget h er because Con gress h ad n o j ur i s d i c
tion o v er t h e subject T h i s d enial o f t h e rig h t O f peti tion
w as ably an d stoutly conteste d by J o h n Q ui n cy A d am s i n
t h e House on m a ny occasi on s
I n a letter w ritte n i n 1 84 7 to a me mber o f t h e A labam a
legi sl ature Mr C al h ou n d e clare d t h at h e w as from t h e b e
”
gin n in g i n fa v or o f forcin g as h e expresse d it t h e sl avery
i ssue on t h e N ort h bel ie v i n g t h at d el ay w as d an ge rou s an d
t h at t h e S out h w as relati v ely stronge r bot h m orally an d
politi cally t h a n s h e w oul d e v e r be agai n
C al h ou n re peat
e d l y i n t h e course o f t h e S e n ate d ebate s d e clare d h i s con
political an d social
v i c t i o n t h at sl a v ery w as a positi v e
”
goo d
He sai d t h at R an d ol p h w as rig h t i n Opposin g t h e
Mi ssouri C om promise a n d t h at i f t h e S out h ern membe rs
h a d acte d a n d vote d i n t h e spirit o f M r R an d ol p h abol iti o n
mig h t h a v e bee n crus h e d fore v e r i n t h e b u d I n Marc h
1 8 4 4 Tyle r calle d C al h ou n to h i s cabinet to conti n ue a
negotiatio n begu n by U ps h ur fo r t h e an nexation o f Te xas
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46
F REE S OI L R E U NION
AT
B OS T O N
.
Mr Webster h ad bee n eje cte d from t h e o ffi ce o f S ecretary
U pon U psh u r s
o f S tate to make a vacancy fo r U ps h u r
d eat h Cal h ou n re ne w e d t h e e ffort
Mr Cal h ou n comb ate d t h e Wi lmot P ro v iso an d i ntro
d u ced resolutions i n t h e S e n ate takin g extreme groun d i n
d e nyin g t h e rig h t o f Congress to legi slate again st S la v ery
i n t h e territorie s S oo n a fter General Taylor s ele cti on ,
Cal h ou n calle d toget h er some eig h ty S out h ern members o f
Congress , an d a s c h airman o f a committee reporte d an
a d d ress w h ic h w as si gne d by forty-eig h t senators an d r ep
I t d enie d t h e p o w er o f Con gress to e x clu d e
r e s e n t at i v e s
sl avery from Cali forni a a n d t h e ot h er n ew territories , an d
eve n d en ie d t h e po w er o f t h e legislatu re o r t h e i n h abita nts
T h e S out h w as urge d to
o f t h e territorie s to exclu d e it
h ol d n o co n nection w it h a ny party at t h e N ort h n ot p re
pare d to e n force t h e C on stitutional gu arantee s i n favo r o f
t h e S out h
A mon g t h e n eglects or re fusals of t h e N ort h
to d o t h is t h e failure to e n force t h e ol d fugi tive-slave
A n d so to
l aw w as n ame d an d ve h emently d e n ou n ce d
t h e e n d o f h i s li fe Cal h ou n w as t h e d e fe n d er o f sla v e ry an d
Most o f t h e politi
o f its political cl ai ms an d aggre ssion s
cal t h oug h t i n t h e Free S oil d ays w h ose memorie s w e
recall w it h so muc h i n tere st h ere to -d ay turne d t h ere fore
u po n t h e pr e position s m ainta i ne d or oppose d by J o h n C
C al h oun touc h in g t h e great barbarism
I h ave t h us give n you Mr C h air m a n an d Ge ntle men
some o f t h e reasons fo r my vie w t h at t h e h i story o f t h e
Free S oil controve rsy i s largely i d enti fie d , in opposi tio n
w it h t h e positions taken by Cal h ou n u po n t h e g reat i ssue
Cal h ou n w as t h e pro fou n d t h inke r of t h e S out h
In t h e
F ree S oi l d ays an d be fore J os h u a L eavitt t h e able e d itor
d ebater an d w riter w as con stantly attacking slavery a n d
especially t h e position s take n by Cal h o u n I t i s sai d t h at
C al h ou n pron ounce d Mr L eavitt to be t h e able st an d m ost
d angerou s a d versary o f S lavery i n t h e cou ntry
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D
DRESS
O
F
H
ON
J
O
H
N
W
INS
L
O
W
A
.
I n t h e ye ar
47
.
1 84 6, w
h en t h e b re ac h w as more appare nt
t h an be fore i n Massac h usetts bet w een t h e con s cie nce an d
t h e cotton W h igs t h e former h ad h ope s t h at bot h C h oate
In
an d Webster w oul d soon be com e i d entifie d w it h t h e m
t h is c h apter o f poli tical h i story t h ere w as a memorable d ay
i n Faneuil Hall i n S ep te mbe r w h en I w as p resen t as a
spectator an d w h ic h m ay prop erly be re ferre d to h ere as
The
i llu strati v e Of t h e politi cal atmosp h ere o f t h e perio d
W h i g S tate Conventi on w as i n session an d m any lea d in g
men Of b ot h si d es w ere t h ere T h e con te st w as as to t h e
plat form w h et h er i t s h oul d be con servati v e or o f a n A n ti
slavery type B e fore i t w as repor te d S um ne r m a d e a
speec h o f great po w er an d eloquen ce i n favor o f aggressive
action against t h e u surpation o f t h e S lave po w er I n h i s
h e m a d e a grace ful an d for cible appeal to Mr
S pee c h
“
Webster sayin g : D e d icate sir t h e g ol d e n years o f e x
r i e n c e w h i c h are ye t i n store fo r y ou to removing from
e
p
you r cou ntry its greatest evi l I n t h is cause you s h all fi n d
inspi ration s to eloquen ce h ig h er t h an any you h a v e ye t
”
con fesse d
Win t h rop w as t h e n calle d out an d ma d e an able
reply T h ere w e re t w o sets o f resolu tion s reporte d as w as
e xpecte d S peec h es w ere m a d e by J T h omas S teve nso n
a n d L i nus C h il d on t h e con servative si d e a n d by S tep h e n
C P h illips C h arles Fran ci s A d ams an d C h arle s A lle n o n
t h e A nti slavery si d e T h e d ebate w as able atte n d e d by
muc h ex citeme n t an d l aste d u n til n ig h t T h e conserva
t i v es became alarme d an d d eci d e d to sen d for Webster
J osep h B ell c h airm a n o f t h e W h i g S tate Central Commi t
tee soo n appeare d w it h Webster upon h i s arm ami d tre
”
”
“
“
an d
B ot h
con science
co tton
me n d o u s appl ause
W h igs j oine d i n m ani festation s o f re spect A s Webste r
reac h e d t h e rostrum t h e applause w as rene w e d w it h gre at
vigor a n d t h e w h ole scene w as gran d an d i n spi ri n g
Webster took h is seat an d li stene d to C h arle s A llen o ne
“
con scie nce men w h o resume d an d
o f t h e ablest o f t h e
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F RE E S OI L R E UNION
48
B OS T ON
AT
.
fi ni s h e d a stern an d i nflexi ble S peec h
Webste r t h e n rose
t h e conve ntion ri si ng w i t h h i m a n d i n a s h ort a d d re ss
ma d e a plea o f great po w er fo r h ar mon y A frien d tells
m e t h at S u mner sai d h e k ne w w h e n h e s aw B lack D an
com ing it w as all u p w it h h i s si d e t h at ye ar I t w as i n
t h is speec h t h at Webster s fa mou s w ord s w e re utte re d
He h ad bee n speaki ng
w h i c h h ave bee n S O w i d ely quote d
an d h o w h e
o f h i s w arm attac h me n t to t h e W h ig party
”
“
l ove d to i n h ale its o d or of liberty
T h e n follo w e d t h e
me mora b le w or d s S p oke n i n h is gran d e st an d most i m
”
pre ssi v e m an ner
h e sai d
rely on ot h er foun
Ot h ers
d ation s an d ot h er h ope s fo r t h e w el fare o f t h e country ;
but fo r my part i n t h e d ark an d trouble d nig h t t h at i s o n
u s I see n o s tar abo v e t h e h ori zon promi sin g l ig h t to gui d e
u s but t h e intelligent patrioti c u nite d W h ig party o f t h e
”
U n ite d S tates
A t t h i s mome nt e v ery l ook an d gesture
h armony w it h h is t h ou g h t He
o f t h e orator w ere i n
see me d to S peak as i f stan d i ng i n a d ark backgroun d h is
lustrou s eye s looking above t h e h ori zon fo r t h e star t h at
s h oul d gi v e t h e promise d li g h t to gui d e t h e con v e ntion an d
t h e people T h e po w er o f th e speec h an d t h e spectacle w as
seen an d felt i n t h e fact t h at a conve ntio n o f turbule nt me n
at once sub d ue d , w ere re a d y fo r a dj ourn men t w it h out fu r
t h e r stri fe
I n Massac h usetts t h e me n w h o w orke d toget h er as Free
S oilers generally c o -Operate d i n t h e C oali tion movement
t h at broug h t about t h e electio n o f Gove rn or B out w ell , i n
1 85 1 an d o f S en ator S u mne r
You an d I S i r M r C h ai r
m an took som e part as youn g me n i n t h at struggle u n d e r
t h e d ire cti on o f t h e S tate C om mi ttee We a d d resse d t h e
people i n many to w n s an d fou n d i t goo d to b e i n t h e t h ick
of t h e fi g h t
We w e re room -mate s at C a mbri d ge L aw
S c h ool at t h e ti me an d learne d i n t h at exp erie nce w h at i t
w a s to meet youn g me n stu d e nts from t h e S out h w h o d i f
fer e d fro m u s on t h e great subje ct an d w h o seaso ne d
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F R EE S OI L REUNI ON
50
AT
B OS T ON
k no w n to be acceptable S peakers A t fi rst t h e re w as a
m o d e s t h e s i tancy ; a n d to ge t t h e ball rollin g I tol d t w o
o f ou r fello w stu d e nts t h e late lie utena n t go v ern or o f N e w
York H o n W illi am D o rs h e i me r an d M r J o h n K V alen
ti ne w h o fo r many ye ars h as h el d t h e Offi ce o f U nite d
S tates D istri ct A ttorney i n P h ila d elp h i a t h at i f t h ey w oul d
agree to S peak I w oul d lea d Off You may i magi ne t h e
a p parent relie f o f t h e au d ie nce u pon our appearan ce W e
got along pretty w ell an d I may a ssure you w e d i d n ot S pare
t h e enemy T h e appl ause w as tu mul tu ou s a n d h earty ;
b u t w h e t h er t h e pe ople most like d our pluck or ou r man n er
I f any o f you h a v e an y
O f putti ng t h ings w e n e v e r k ne w
k no w le d ge o f t h e solemn earne st natu re o f t h e late R ev
S a muel H Taylo r t h e pri nci pal o f P h illi ps A ca d emy at
A n d o v e r at t h at ti me you w ill n ot be sur prise d to h ear
t h at t h e next morni n g w h e n h e fo un d u s h oarse a n d n ot
prepare d i n Greek ! h is fa v orite stu d y ! w e w ere severally
”
“
i n v ite d to remai n a fte r reci tatio n He ex pre sse d grie f
at ou r con d uct an d tol d u s of t h e d angerou s i n fluen ce o f
politi c al e x citeme n t as a n i n terru ption o f stu d y I took
h i m i nto m y con fi d en ce at on ce a n d tol d h im w e agree d
w it h h i m fully a n d t h at suc h a n occasion w oul d n ever come
agai n a n d t h at h e mig h t re st i n pe ace I t n eve r d i d come
agai n but w e enjoye d t h e satis faction o f k n o w i n g t h at w e
sa v e d a n d possibly i n str ucte d t h e meeti n g an d w ere n ot
d e te rre d i n our per forman ce Of d uty by t h e p re sen ce i n
t h e to w n o f t h e lear n e d pro fessor w h ose p o n d e r ou s i n fl u
en ce w e k ne w w a s agai n st t h e Free S oilers
S ta n d i ng h ere to -d ay i n t h i s prese n ce I look back as I
k n o w you d o Ge ntle men to t h e d ays o f t h e Free S oil
c am pai g n w it h n o feelin g o f regret but rat h er o f joy t h at
you a n d I w ere p ermitte d to take some part fo r a s acre d
cau se t h at at last trium p h e d i n t h e m ost absolute sen se
We re siste d t h e encroac h men ts o f t h e d omi nant S lave
po w e r , an d h ave live d to see t h e four million s of slave s
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A
OF C OL
D D R ES S
'
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B
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H OP K I NS
51
.
e re its victi m s become freeme n ; a n d al so h a v e
li v e d to see as a n eces s a r y s e qu e n ce t h e C o n s t i t u ti o n s o
a men d e d as to be i n fact an i n s t rumen t o f fr ee d o m i n all
our lan d S O n ow w e l i v e i n a true r s e n se t h a n be fore i n
”
t h e lan d o f t h e fre e an d t h e h ome o f t h e bra v e
wh o
w
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,
.
P RESI D EN T : Wh o o f u s d o e s n o t d e lig h t t o
h i s a t tr ae
r e c a ll E ra s t u s H o p k i n s o f N o r t h a m p to n
t i v e p r e s e n c e o n t h e pl a t fo r m h i s g r a c e a n d p o w e r
an d h i s c o n t i n u e d
s e r v i c e w h il e h e
as a S p e a k e r
He is w it h us n ot
li v e d fo r t h e A n t i s l a v e r y c a u s e
m
m
i
n
e
on l
o ry
b
ut i n t h e p e r so n o f h i s s o n
ol
C
y
W S B H O P K INS t o w h o m y o u w ill n e x t li s te n
TH E
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A DD RE S S
M R C H A I RM AN
.
,
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OF
C OL
.
“I
.
S
.
B H OPK I N S
.
.
compl i men t you pay to my d ear
fat h e r by i nclu d i n g me a m o n g t h e su r v i v ors o f t h e F ree
S oil party O f 1 8 4 8 recogni zi ng i n me a title to t h e h o n or
by ri g h t o f re presen tation i s v e ry ki n d an d v e ry grate fu l to
m e I n 1 8 4 8 I w as an en t h usia s tic boy p ol itici an o f t w el v e
ye ars d ri nki n g i n an d assi mila t i n g w it h my d e v e lop i n g
n ature t h e lo fty p r i nci ples t h at w ere t h e n br o ug h t to t h e
fron t n e v e r agai n to be rele gate d to t h e r ear i n t h e mi n d s
I am con s ciou s
an d con scie n ce s o f t h e A me rican peopl e
h o w d eeply t h e le sson s o f t h at d ay became seate d i n me
n ot only fo r t h ei r o w n m oral an d politi cal i mportance bu t
by reaso n o f e arnest parent al i n stru ction met I w ill d are
to t h i nk by a proper filial re v ere n ce
B or n to w ork at a later d ay I n e v ert h eless w as i n some
w ays so associ ate d w it h t h e political statu s an d w it h t h e
gro w t h o f t h e i d e a o f t h e n on -exten si on o f sl a v ery from
1 8 4 8 to t h e electi on Of L i ncol n t h at to me as w ell as to some
o f you w h o are ol d er e v e ryt h in g politi cal w h i c h h as occu rre d
si n ce — save only t h e political aspect o f t h e w ar — seem s
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F RE E S O I L REUNI ON
52
d w ar fe d
AT
B O S T ON
.
sel fis h i n com pari son Free soil i n all t h e
n e w S tate s a n d t h e public d omain w h i c h w as t h e d ema n d
o f t h e me n o f 1 8 4 8 w as a c h i ev ed i n t h e ele ction o f L in col n
T h e ste p beyon d t h at — free soil t h roug h out t h e lan d — w as
t h e co n sequ en ce o f t h e sl ave -h ol d ers w ar T h e re -estab
l i s h me n t o f a l astin g an d gian t republi c on t h e firm basi s
o f re cognize d an d con ce d e d n ationality w a s t h e pro d uct o f
all t h ree
You w h o are h ere to d ay an d t h ose w h o w ere t h e n asso
c i at ed w it h you an d w h o are gone to rest w e re t h e pi on eers
i n t h i s great pol iti cal re v olution w h i c h w as h e d t h e n ati on
clean fro m h er d isease an d gave h er t h at stu r d y h ealt h
I n t h e sequel
w h ic h a ssure s a vigorou s an d u se ful li fe
t h ere h a v e bee n ti mes w h e n some h ave become h eartsi ck
as early lea d ers Often d o ; bu t t h e frui t o f
an d d i strust ful
t h e see d y o u so w e d h as n ou ri s h e d a pe ople w h o h o w eve r
d i v i d e d i nto parti es a n d on policy are a people o f subli me
fait h m arc h i n g to a subli me d esti ny
I h ave sai d you w e re pion ee rs B ut you d i d n ot like
t h e pus h i n g me n w h o h ave carrie d t h e flag w e st w ar d lay
out your w ork i n t h e free w il d s w h ere you h ad a n u n fet
You foug h t you r
t e r ed s w ee p an d u n c h allenge d control
early battles surrou n d e d by me n n ative to t h e soil as w ell
as you i n w h ose breasts w ere roote d all t h e t imi d con ser
v at i s m
all t h e prej u d ice a n d all t h e selfis h parti san s h i p
w h ic h
poor w eak h uman n ature d ra w s i n w it h mot h er s
milk , an d d evelops an d pe t r i fi e s by custom
T h u s you
c h allenge d re ce i v e d an d bravely bore contu mely an d sav
age attack i n fli cte d by neig h bors an d frie n d s T h e w eapon
o f ostraci sm w as resorte d to
p ersonal en mi ties fo r
an d
a ti me at lea st su n d ere d establis h e d tie s of frien d s h ip
I n sayin g t h is I am n ot citing w h at I h ave learne d i n po
l i t i c al h istory only
I bear per sonal testi mon y ; for w h e n
a boy w it h ti ngl in g ears I h ear d my fat h er berate d i n a
publ ic meeti ng at N ort h am pto n by t w o e mi n en t la w yer s
an
d
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D
RE
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S
O
F
A
H ON
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H OR A C E E S M I T H
.
53
.
u p to t h at m omen t h i s frie n d s fo r h i s d e v otio n to pri n
i n lan guage s u ite d only to t h e trai tor an d tu r ncoat
c i pl e
w h o d eser v e d t h e w h i ppi n g -post i f n ot t h e gallo w s
B u t i t i s meet t h at t h ese tri als to w h ic h you w ere sub
an d
f
s
h
oul
be
as
t
h
ey
h
ave
bee
n
n
early
orgotte
n
c
t
e
d
d
e
j
quite forgi v e n T h i s graciou s d uty h as bee n t h e easier b e
cause o f t h e su cce ss Of your cau se P erse cution coul d n ot
make you m artyrs t h oug h it m ay h ave ma d e you h eroes
I t i s you r prou d prerogati v e to see your patien t persi ste n ce
i n puttin g pri n ciple be fore t h e A merican con scien ce r e
w ar d e d not w it h t h e m artyr s cro w n but t h ank Go d ! w i t h
t h e v ictor s laurel S uc h men are born fo r lead ers w h ile
t h ey l ive a n d i n every a d v an ce o f t h e great cau se o f pro
gress si n ce t h eir first sta n d for t h e rig h t t h e me n o f 1 8 4 8
h a v e l ed an d w h ile t h ey live mu s t lea d i n e nlig h te ne d
t h ou g h t a n d h ig h purpose
A gai n I t h a nk you fo r t h e pri v ilege o f d ra w i n g n ew
i nspirati on from t h is re -union
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P RES I D EN T : W e gi v e a h e a r ty w e l c o me t o
H OR A C E E S M I T H n o w D e a n o f t h e L aw S c h o o l a t
A l b a n y N Y w h o i n F r e e S o il d a y s w as li v i n g i n
C h e l s e a i n t h i s S ta t e t h e p a r t n e r o f H e n r y B S ta n
t o n an d w h o i n a ss o c i a t i o n w i t h M r B i r d w as o n e
”
“
o ur
c am
o f t h e m a n a g e rs o f
Th e F r e e S o il e r
a i n p ap e r i n 1 8 5 1
p g
TH E
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A DD R ES S
M R C H A I RM A N ,
OF H ON
.
HO R A C E E
.
SMI
TH
.
came h ere to liste n an d enjoy not
to speak an d I feel n o w t h at my silen ce w oul d contribute
m ore to t h e pleasure o f t h e company t h a n m y S peec h
I
s h oul d conti nue to d ecline you r ki n d an d repeate d i n v itatio n
to say a fe w w or d s but fo r t h e fear t h at my silence mi g h t
be m istake n fo r in d i ffere n ce NO lan guage at my com man d
—
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I
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F RE E S OI L REUNION
54
B O S T ON
AT
.
is a d equate to ex pre ss my in terest i n t h i s re uni on W h en
I look a roun d u pon me n w h o w ere promi nen t i n t h e m o v e
ment w h ic h w e h ere c ommem orate t h e ani mus action an d
h a v e been so eloquently portraye d i n t h e
s c Op e o f w h ic h
an d memories o f t h e
S peec h e s to w h ic h w e h ave li ste ne d
sti rring e v en ts t h at e n sue d S pri n g u p w it h i n me I see m to
h ear a v oice sayin g
P ut o ff t h y s h oes from o ff t h y feet ;
”
fo r t h e place w h ereon t h ou stan d est i s h oly groun d
You h a v e i ntimate d M r C h airman t h at n o mi nor strai n
s h oul d min gle i n ou r commu ni on an d co n gratulati on s on
t h i s occasi on I can n ot h o w e v er forbear a passin g re fer
ence to d isti n guis h e d le ad ers i n t h e struggl e for Free S oil
w h o h a v e passe d beyon d t h e ri v e r an d w h ose familia r faces
We w h o are ali v e an d remai n
w e miss in t h is gat h erin g
u nto t h i s d ay c h e ri s h t h ei r me mory w it h d ee p te n d erness
Wit h bu t a slig h t c h ange i n a passage
a n d great respect
o f sacre d S cri ptu re w e mig h t a ppropri ately ap ply to t h em
t h e beatitu d e
B lesse d are t h e d ea d w h ic h d i e i n t h e cause
h ence fort h : Ye a sait h t h e S pirit t h at
O f free d om from
t h ey m ay re st from t h ei r labors an d t h e ir w o rk s d o follo w
”
them
T h e se me n ou r fallen comra d e s d o rest from t h ei r ear
nest sel f-s ac r i fic i n g labors ; an d t h eir n oble w ork s d o follo w
t h em i n a ric h h arve st o f blessi ngs A S I w as com par
at i v el y you n g w h e n t h e Free S oil party w as organi ze d an d
i n con spicuou s i n t h e early struggle again st t h e exten s ion o f
S lavery I t h ink I m ay say w it h o u t any v iolation o f propr i
e ty t h at i n my j u d gme nt w e are i n d ebte d to t h e ability
d evotion a n d fi rmness o f t h e Free S oilers for t h e i ntegrity
o f t h e Fe d eral U n ion an d t h e blessings o f free d om enj oye d
by a great an d prosperous n ation T h e priceless treasure
of a free n ation w i t h a re publican gove rn ment secure d an d
e stabli s h e d by ou r fat h ers an d d e fe n d e d cemente d an d
strengt h e ne d by t h eir c h il d re n w e m ay n o w reason ably
h op e to tran smit u nimpaire d to future ge neration s We
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A D DRE S S
OF
H ORA C E E S M I T H
.
55
.
h a v e li stene d w it h muc h pleasure to a spee c h from t h e son
o f t h at n oble m a n a n d e minen t lea d e r E rastus Hopki n s
w h om I w ell kne w a n d to w h ose marke d ability an d sin gle
n ess o f pu rpose I take pleasu re i n bea r in g testi mony R e
ferri n g to t h e earl y A nti s la v ery m o v emen t t h e S pe aker sai d
in su b stance t h at t h e me n Of t h at d ay w ere born fo r t h e
stru ggle T h is remi n d e d m e Of a n i n ci d ent i n Gene ral
Gran t s tour a roun d t h e w orl d w h ic h may be familiar to
all prese nt W h ile i n P eki n on t h e occasion o f a d emon
s t r at i o n
by t h e Govern ment i n h i s h on or t h e p remier
essaye d to a d d ress h i m i n E nglis h ; a n d w i s h i n g to com
pl i me n t t h e Ge neral w it h t h e or i g i n a l remark t h at h e w as
”
born to comman d expresse d h i ms e l f t h us : S i re great
”
ge nerale you v as m a d e to or d e r
I t h i nk Mr C h airman
“
t h at t h e lea d ers i n t h e Free S oil party w ere
ma d e to
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o r d er f
I
ill only ad d t h at i t i s one o f t h e most grati fyin g r e
fl ect i o n s o f my li fe t h at I w as permi tte d to h ear a n h umble
part i n t h e gre at struggle fo r free d om an d h u man rig h ts
By t h is
w h ic h w e to -d ay so auspici ousl y com me morate
com mu nio n I feel stron ger fo r w h ate v e r remain s to m e o f
d uty i n t h e future
T h anki ng you Mr C h airman fo r your cou rtesy an d ex
pre ssi n g my gratitu d e for t h e privilege Of enjoyin g t h is
i nten sely interestin g occasi on I w ill say fare w ell
w
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P RE S I D EN T : Th e F r e e S o il p ar ty o f M a ss a
c h u s e t t s fo u n d i ts g r e a t e s t s t r e n g t h i n 1 8 4 8 i n t h e
o t i sm o f t h e c i t
n d co un t
p
a
tr
i
s tu r d
a
Of Wo r
y
y
y
o e s t e r u n d e r t h e l e a d e rs h i p o f C h a r l e s A ll e n
Th e
W h ig p a r ty i n t h a t s ec t i o n u n t il t h a t t i me i ts s tr o n g
h o l d w a s r e d u c e d t o a h o p e l e ss m i n o r i t y
We h a v e
w i th u s s e v e r a l g e n t l e m e n w h o d i d g o o d s e r v i c e
t h e r e an d t h e y w ill add r e ss y o u , — J O H N C WYM A N
TH E
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56
F REE S OI L RE U NIO N
B O S T ON
AT
.
F a ll s R I ; TH O M A S D RE W n o w o f
New to n
A L B ER T TO L M A N an d H ENR Y II
an d
C H AM B ER L AI N , t h e n , as n e w , c i t i z e n s of W o r c e s te r
of
n ow
V a ll e y
,
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A DD RE S S
OF
J OH N
C
.
W YM A N
.
MR PR ES I D ENT , — I feel t h at i t i s goo d to be h ere
.
; b ut
I am su rprise d at bein g calle d u pon at t h is ti me an d I ca n
truly say t h at I am as un pre pare d as I am su rpri se d T h ere
,
.
are so many ab out m e w h o w ere i nfluen tial an d d isti n
u i s h e d i n t h e i n auguration O f t h a t great political r e v o l u
g
tion kn o w n as t h e Free S oil m ove men t w h o h a v e n ot
ye t spoken t h at i t seem s to me it w oul d be a muc h w i ser
d isposition o f t h e ti me to h av e t h e m i mprove it S i n ce I
can merely occu py it
I con fess sir t h at w h ile I d istin ctly remember t h at I
w as one o f t h e you ng me n i n Worcester i n 1 8 4 8 w h o w e re
some w h at active i n poli ti cs an d i n h earty sy m pat h y w it h
t h e bol d an d courageou s action of ou r d elegate Ho n
C h arle s A llen to t h e W h i g N ation al C onve nti on i n repu
d i at i n g t h e n omi n ati on s an d t h e plat for m o f t h e party ,
I h ave forgotte n m any o f t h e d etails I am i n d ebte d to
my frie n d T h omas D re w one o f t h e veteran s o f t h e Wor
fo r t h e
o ester press w h o w as eve n t h e n i n active ser v ice
i n formation t h at I w as one o f a committee o f t w e nty
Si x
c h ose n at a meetin g o f Free S oilers i n Worce ste r
to m ake arran gemen ts fo r t h e great mass convention i n
t h at city J une 2 8 1 8 4 8 t h e fortiet h an niversary of
w h i c h w e commem orate to d ay
I n lookin g over t h e list
w h ic h my frie n d h as s h o w n me I am remi n d e d h o w r ut h
less an d rele ntless is t h e scyt h e o f Ti me Of t h e w h ole
nu mbe r o nly te n survive ; an d a s e v i d en ce o f t h e ten a
w h ic h
t h e o l d Free S oile r clings to
c i o u s fi d elity w it h
pri n ciple an d c h eris h es t h e pre ci ou s memorie s o f t h at
gra n d u pri si n g o f t h e people of M assac h usetts forty ye ar s
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F R EE S OI L REUNI O N
58
B O S T ON
AT
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su c h persi sten t cour age an d suc h m atc h less abili ty as ad
v ocate an d orator I n eloqu ent an d scat h in g te rm s h e
s h o w e d t h e co w a r d i ce an d treac h ery o f t h e le a d er s o f bot h
parties e spe cially h i s o w n
He portraye d t h e d isaster s
t h at w oul d be fall t h e re public i f t h e sc h eme s o f t h e S lave
po w e r as al rea d y d e v elope d w e re n ot t h w arte d at on ce ;
citizen s to stan d ste a d fast fo r
a n d h e ap peale d to h i s fello w t h e rig h t a s t h eir fore fat h ers h ad d one T h e h eart o f t h at
great cou n ty w as t h rille d b y h i s appeal an d t h e respon se
o f t h e p eople came i n a u n an imou s re solve to labor early
“
Free d om Free S oil Free S peec h ,
an d late i n su p port o f
”
a Free P re ss an d a Free L an d
T h u s d i d t h e great
w ork begin
T h e lesso n taug h t by t h e ex ample o f J u d ge A llen Mr
S umner M r Wilson S tep h e n C P h illips C h arle s Franci s
A d am s J G P al frey F W B i r d Horace Man n , D r
S G Ho w e an d all t h e ot h ers w h o w ere acti v e i n t h e
great mo v eme n t i n t h ose even t ful d ay s i s , I t h i nk , t h at
fearle ss fi d elity to p ri n ci ple al w ays fin d s i ts re w ar d i n u l
timate su ccess T h e se m en s oug h t n ot an d care d n ot fo r
o ffice Free d om as a pri nci ple a n d a rig h t not as a privi
l ege w as t h e d eman d t h ey ma d e u pon t h e conscien ce o f t h e
country ; an d h o w gran d h as been t h e result ! S om e Of
t h e m d i d n ot live to see t h e fruition o f t h ei r h opes ; bu t
d ay ca n bear grate ful te stimony to t h e
w e w h o are h ere to purity o f t h eir m otive s an d t h e gran d eur o f t h e results o f
t h ei r a ction s
“
E merson h as some w h ere sai d t h at t h e stan d ar d o f
civ ilizati on i s n ot d etermin e d by t h e census by t h e large
citie s nor by t h e crops but by t h e M EN w h ic h a country
”
pro d uces
Measure d i n t h i s w ay w h o ca n estimate t h e
v alue o f t h e w ork b egu n by t h e men w h o w ere foun d e rs o f
t h e F ree S oil party ? T h ey s aw t h e country d omi nate d by
t h e sl ave po w e r h ol d in g four million h uma n bein gs as
c h attel s an d eage r to stren gt h en enl arge an d perpetu ate
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A DDRES S
J OHN
OF
C
.
W YM A N
59
.
t h at d o mi natio n by any met h o d s eve n to t h e d estruction o f
all t h e a n cien t lan d mark s a n d t h e subversi on o f all t h e
pri n ci ple s o f ci v il libe rty u pon w h ic h t h e govern me nt w as
B e h ol d t h e result ! W it h i n t h e bou n d arie s o f t h e
foun d e d
republi c t h ere exi sts n ot a sin gl e S lave ; an d e v e n t h e d e
sire to possess on e h as cease d fore v er amon g our bret h re n
T h e Mason an d D i x on line h as lost its Ol d
o f t h e S out h
S ign ificance as a boun d ary bet w ee n S la v ery a n d Free d om
T h e v ast territories o f t h e West a n d S out h w est t h e n i n
d i spute h a v e be come so v e reign S tates an d are alrea d y
d otte d all o v er w it h to w n s a n d citie s w h ere race d isti n o
tion s ar e n ot recognize d an d all are e qu al be fore t h e l aw
S urely, w e Ol d Free S oile rs i n re v ie w i ng t h e past an d
contrasting w h at w a s w it h w h at i s cann ot fail o n an occa
si on lik e t h i s to fi n d ou rselves i n full sympat h y w it h
W h i t t i er s beauti ful line s
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’
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hi y r
u l kin g b ck w r d
F l t h i y li d w t w i th gr t ful t r
If h h th b n
P r mi t t d w k d i nful
h w
d i d in
m n b l in g c u
T ch r
H i f ll w m
Yet
w h o, t h
ee s n o
s
oo
s e
e
a
e
ee
O
,
an
ea
s
Mr
TH O M A S
D RE W
a e
as
s
so
,
e
s
ea s ,
ea s ,
ee
an
a
o er
a
e
s
e
e
a
’
e e
e
no
as ,
a
s e,
en
o
of
in t r od u ce d
s u r v iv o r o f t h e
F r e e S o il e d i t o r s o f
as t h e o n l y
H e w as asso c i a t e e d i t o r
M a ss a ch u s e t ts i n 1 8 4 8
w i t h E li h u B u r r i t t ! t h e L e a r n e d B l a c k s m i t h ! o f t h e
”
C h r i s t i an C i t i z e n
a t t h e t i m e t h e c o n v e n t i o n w as
h e l d ; an d fr o m 1 84 9 t o 1 8 5 9 h e w as al s o o n e
of t h e
e d i t o r s an d p r o p r i e t o r s o f t h e W o r c e s t e r
”
D a ily a n d W e e k l y
w h o s e s e n i o r e d i to r Jo h n
S py
M il t o n E a r l e d i d fa i t h fu l w o r k fo r t h e A n t i s l av e r y
c au s e
m a n y y e a r s b e fo r e t h e F r e e S o il p a r ty w a s
o rg an i z e d
.
N ew t on
w as
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60
F REE SOI L R E UNI ON
In r e s p on d i n g ,
fo ll o w s
Mr
.
D RE W
AT
B O S T ON
p r e face d
his
.
re
mar k s
as
:
A DD RE S S
I n on e
T H OM A S D RE W
OF
.
t h e fable s o f ZES Op w e are tol d t h at u pon t h e
d e fe at o f an army i n b attle a trum peter w as taken pri soner
T h e sol d iers w ere about to pu t h i m to d e at h w h e n h e sai d
N ay ! ge ntleme n w h y s h oul d y o u kill me ? T h is h an d
”
”
“
o f mi n e i s guiltless Of a si ngle l i fe
Ye s replie d t h e
“
sol d iers , but w it h t h at brazen i n strume nt o f yours you
”
i ncite ot h ers an d must S h are t h e same fate
I can give
bot h t h e fable an d i ts m oral a person al applicati on ; fo r i t
w as my goo d fortun e to act t h e part o f trum pete r to t h e
gat h eri ng h osts o f free d om w it h an i n str ument w h ic h i f
less brazen t h an t h e one u se d by E sop s trump eter w as
n ot less e ffi cient an d per h aps better suite d to t h e ti mes ;
namely t h e pri ntin g pre ss
of
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To
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ill u s t ra t e
his
p osi t io n
in
ai d o f
th e
cau s e w h o s e
g r an d s u c c e ss t h e y h ad In e t t o c e l e b r a t e Mr D RE W
r e ad
t h e c l o s i n g p ar a g r a p h o f an e d i t o r i al fr o m
”
C h r i s t i an C i t i z e n
of Jun e 2 4
1 84 8 w r i t ten
the
inb y h i m s el f i n t h e ab s e n c e o f t h e e d i to r ch i e f
E li h u B u r r i t t w h o w as i n E u r o p e H e s ai d t h a t
”
the
C a l l fo r t h e fi r s t F r e e S o il S t a t e C o n v e n t i o n
i n M ass ac h u se t t s d i d n o t s e e m t o h i m a t t h e t i m e
i
u i t e fo rc i b l e e n o u g h fo r t h e o c c a s i o n ; an d i n
v
q
g
”
he
i n g i t g r a tu i to u s in s e r t i on i n t h e
C i t iz e n
s u pp l e me n t e d i t as fo ll o w s :
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A D DRES S O F T H O MA S DRE W
61
.
C o me t h en me n Of N ew E ngl an d to t h e rescue
Come
from t h e d e n se ri c h forests a n d fe rtile ri v er -si d e s o f M aine !
C ome ye stal w art d w eller s a mon g t h e gran ite ri d ge s o f
N e w Hamp s h ire an d ye w h o breat h e t h e pu re ai r o f free
d o m i n V e rm ont !
C ome ye o f C on necticut an d R h o d e
I slan d
L e a v e fo r a time you r w orks h ops an d you r fiel d s
y ou r spi n d le s an d your looms an d unite w it h t h e me n o f
Massac h u setts W h o are r allyin g from every se ction o f t h e
S tate to m ak e an e ffort for free d om w ort h y o f h er cau se
C ome ! fo r vou w ill h ear w or d s o f W i s d om t h at w ill m ake
you stron g You can li ste n to t h e eloquen ce o f h i m w h o
i n t h e First C on gress w as t h e m ost po w er ful a d v ocate o f
t h e D ecl aratio n of I n d ep en d e n ce speaki n g i n h i s gran d
c h il d s v oice You w ill h ear too t h e burn in g w or d s o f
h i m w h o u po n t h e an n iversary of t h e n ation s birt h first
ve n t ure d to poin t t o t h e people a truer m ee d o f glory t h a n
t h at w h ic h comes from su ccess ful con que sts an d d ee d s o f
bloo d You w ill h ear too from t h e man w h o w as kicke d
out Of S out h C arolin a by t h at S o v ereign S tate fo r m akin g
t h e si mple d em an d for a tri al by j ury for ou r o w n citize n s
w h e n u nj u stly an d u n con stituti onally confine d i n t h e pri son s
o f C h arle ston fo r n o ot h er cri me t h an t h e color o f t h ei r
sk in s Ot h e rs too of t h e great an d goo d w ill be pre sen t
to a d d re ss y ou u pon t h e nee d of resistan ce to t h e ex action s
o f t h e sla v e po w er
L e t t h ere be n o l a ck of nu mbers o r
e nt h u si asm ; an d le t t h e voi ce of N ew E n glan d e c h o ba ck
t h e s w elli n g n ote s of free d om t h at are bor ne to u s u pon
e v ery w este rn bree ze fro m great meetings o f t h e people to
give t h e w orl d assuran ce t h at alt h oug h t h ei r lea d ers h ave
betraye d t h e m t h e peopl e still scor n to be slave s !
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62
F R E E SO I L REUNI ON
A DD RE S S
OF
H ENR Y H
.
B O S T ON
AT
CH
MR PR ES I D ENT , — Th e fe w re mark s
.
A M B ER L A I N
.
h ic h I S h all o ffer on
t h is occasi on w ill be con fin e d to some recollection s o f t h e
fi rst Free S oil m ove men t i n W orce ster , an d of Hon C h arle s
A lle n s co nnectio n t h ere w it h
I t w il l be re membere d t h at t h e eig h t h repre sentative
d i strict o f Massac h u setts c h ose as d elegate to t h e W h ig
conve ntio n i n P h ila d el p h i a i n 1 84 8 t h e Hon C h arle s
A llen He w ent t h ere expectin g t h at M r Webster w oul d
be t h e n omin ee Of t h e party a s ca n d i d ate for t h e presi d en cy ;
but h ar d ly h ad h e arri v e d w h e n h e learne d to h i s d ismay
an d i n d ignatio n t h at t h e n omi nation o f Ge neral Taylor h ad
bee n agree d upon an d t h at t h e N ort h w as to be a ppease d
by t h e n omin ation o f Mr A bbott L a w re nce for t h e vice
pre si d ency
M r A llen , t h u s e arly i n forme d o f t h is arrange me nt w as
p re pare d t o mee t i t ; an d w h e n t h e n ominati on w as con
fi r me d by vote o f t h e con v ention o n t h e t h i r d ballot , h e
arose i n h i s place an d d e n oun ce d t h e procee d i n gs sayin g ,
A s t h e W h ig party o f t h e N ort h are n ot to be allo w e d to
fill w it h t h ei r statesme n any o ffi ces o f tru st t h ere fore w e d e
”
cl are t h e W h ig party o f t h e U n io n i s t h i s d ay d issolve d
He furt h e r sai d t h at
h e w oul d n ot be boun d by t h e pro
tur n h i m
an d a m i d crie s o f
cee d i n g s o f t h e conve n tion
”
”
“
out
sit d o w n
etc h e foretol d t h at Massac h usetts
”
w oul d
S pur n t h e b ribe
a n d turnin g h is back o n t h e as
s e mb l y h e le ft t h e h all to return n o m ore
W h e n t h e n e w s o f Mr A lle n s course reac h e d W orcester
t h ere w as great commotion a mong h i s con stituents an d
curses lou d an d d eep w e re h urle d u pon h is d evote d h ea d
N ot w it h stan d in g al l t h e obj u rgation s cast upon Mr A llen
t h ere w ere a fe w person s w h o quietly expre sse d t h eir ap
probation o f h i s course ; an d it w as agree d t h at I s h oul d
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w
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A DDRES S
H ENR Y
OF
H
CH AM B E R L A IN
.
63
.
see h i m u pon h i s arrival h ome an d ask h i m to a d d re ss h i s
If you
con stituents I accor d in gly d i d so He repl ie d
t h ink t h ere w ill be any person s to h ear me I w ill gla d ly
a d d re ss t h e m W h o w ill come to t h e meeting ? I d on t
care to speak to e mpty be n c h e s ; but i f you t h in k w e can
”
fil l a small h all I w i l l go an d speak
T h e n ext d ay w e
b egan to h ear o f a fe w person s w h o w ere fa v orably i n
c l i n e d a n d w oul d go to h ear h im
an d w e d eci d e d t h at i t
”
“
small h all an d a d v er ti se t h at Mr
w as s afe to h ire a
A lle n w oul d a d d ress h i s con stituents On t h e follo w in g
”
“
d ay w e fou n d
an d w e
t h e w oo d s w ere full O f t h em
w ere en courage d to en gage t h e l argest h all i n to w n to
n oti fy Mr A llen of w h at w e h ad d one an d to call a publi c
m eeti ng
T h e h ou r for t h e m eetin g h avi n g arri v e d t h e sel f-ap
poi nte d managers asse mble d at t h e h all to fi n d i t cro w d e d
to its fullest ca pacity ; e v e n t h e w i n d o w s w e re fille d an d
eve ry coign o f v an tage w as occu p ie d T h e meetin g w as
calle d to or d e r by Mr Oli v er Harrin gton an d Mr A lber t
Tol man w as c h ose n to pre si d e w h ile I w as d espatc h e d to
escor t Mr A lle n to t h e h all
B y muc h cro w d in g w e
w ere e nable d to reac h t h e pl at form
w h e re h e w as intro
d u ced t o t h e assembly an d m a d e t h at great speec h w h i c h
p rov e d to be t h e d e at h -k nell o f t h e W h i g party i n Massa
c h u s et t s
I n t h e cou rse o f h i s speec h Mr A llen ma d e t h i s
“
statemen t
W h en I sai d t h e W h i g party w as d i ssolve d
I but d ecl are d a fact I t i s d ea d T h e un d ertakers m ay
preserve i t s corpse fo r a l ittle w h ile but it w ill soon b e
come O ffen si v e to t h e smell an d t h e sig h t an d m ust be
”
rem ove d fro m t h e sig h t Of t h e people
A t t h e close Of
Mr A lle n s S peec h Ho n Hen ry Wilson w h o w as i n t h e
h all m a d e a s h ort a d d ress a fter w h i c h appropri ate re solu
ti on s w ere passe d
J ust as t h e assembly w ere about to reti re R ev George
A llen a ppeare d o n t h e plat form an d Offere d t h e follo w in g
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64
F
REE
SO
IL
REU N ON
I
A T B OS
T ON
.
resoluti on w h ic h w as receive d w it h gre at e nt h u siasm an d
u nani mou sly a d opte d
“
R es o l v ed T h at Massac h usetts w ears n o c h ain s an d
S pu rn s all bribes ; t h at Massac h u setts goe s n o w a n d w ill
ever go for Free S oil an d Free Men for Free L i ps an d a
”
Free P ress , for a Free L an d an d a Free Worl d
,
,
,
.
P RESIDEN T : T h e r e i s a t i me fo r al l th i n g s ,
a n d t h e t i m e h as n o w c o m e t o b r i n g t h i s c o mm e mo
r at i v e o c c a s i o n t o a c l o s e
I t h as b e e n t o al l o f
I tr u st , o n e o f gl a d r e u n i o n an d o f pl e asan t
us
m e mo r i e s
TH E
.
,
.
S e v e r a l g e n t l e m en h av i n g e x p r e s s e d a d e s i r e t h a t
a r e p o r t o f t h e p r o c e e d i n g s sh o u l d b e p u b li s h e d i n
p am p h l e t fo r m t h e ma t t e r w as r e fe r r e d w i th fu ll
p o w e rs t o a c o m mi t t e e c o n s i s t i n g o f H o n MI L O
H I L DRE T H o f N o r t h b o r o u g h J O H N A N O W E L L o f
B o st o n a n d H ENRY O H I L DRE T H o f D e d h am
Th e
s u bj e c t o f c a lli n g fu t u r e r e u n i o n s o f t h e F re e S o il e r s
o f M as s a c h u s e tt s w as a l so r e fe r r e d
t o t h e s am e
c o mm i t t e e
On m o t i o n O f H o n S T EP H E N H P H I LL IPS o f S al e m
a v o t e o f t h an k s t o t h e p r es i d i n g O ffi c e r w a s u n an i
m o u sl y p ass e d an d a t S i x o c l o c k t h e m e e t i n g w as
d i ss o l v e d
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66
F REE S OI L RE U NION
AT
BO STO N
.
n
fi r t F ree S o il S ta te C o nv e nti o n a t t h e same
p c
f l ng
k J un e 2 8 1 8 4 8 w h e n t h e p a r ty w as fo
m a l l y o rg a n i z e d
T h e t en p e r s o n s o f t h i s c o mmi tte e o f a rr a ng e
me nt s n o w li v i g a e A l b e r t T o l ma n H e n r y H C h amb e rl a i n
J mes F All e n J oh n C N e w to n B e n j m i n E H ut c h i n so n
P e r eg r i n e B Gil b e r t S a mu el D av i a d Th o ma s A Cl a r k al l
s t ill O f W o rc e s t e r ; J o h n C W y ma n o f R h o d e I sl a n d a d Willi a m
A Wall ac e o f E as t C a n aa n N H T h e memb e r s Of th i s co m
m i t t ee w h o h a v e d e c e ase d w e r e C h a rl e s A ll e n A l e x an d e r D e w i tt
C h arl es W as h bu r n Oli v e r H arr i ngto n R ufu s D D unb a r E d w a r d
H a mi l to n E d w a r d H H e me n w ay J os e p h B o y d e n E n o c h H all
D r H G D a rli ng J os e p h A Gil b e r t A lb e r t P Wa r e Ch arl es
H ad w e n Augu s tu s T u c k e r an d E d w a r d S o uth w i c k
G e n e r al Wil s o n c o mi ng i n w h il e J u d ge A ll e n w as s pe a k i ng
w as g r ee t e d w i th e nt h u s i as t i c a pp l au s e a d fo ll o w e d t h e J u d g e i n
r ema r k s i n s u p p o r t o f t h ei r c o u r s e Afte r t h e r e gu l a r r e s ol u t i o n s
o f t h e me t i ng s s t ai n i ng
t h ei r a c ti o n h ad b e e n r e p o r t ed a d
a d o pt e d
R ev
G e o rge A ll e n a b r o th e r o f t h e J u d g e w h o h ad
b e e n d e tai n ed by h i s d uti e s as C h ap l ai n a t t h e S t at e H os p i tal
c me i n a d o fi e d i mp r o mp tu th a t r e ma rk ab l e r eso l uti o n w h i c h
R so l ed T h a t M as sa c h u s e tt s
b e c ame s o famo u s
a ft e r w a r d s
w e a r s n o c h ai n s a d s p u r n s al l b r i b e s ; t h a t M as sa c h u se tt s g oe s
n o w an d w il l e v e r
g o fo r fr e e s o il a n d fr ee me n fo fr e e li p s a d
a fr e e l a n d a d a f r ee w o r l d
T h i s s e nti me n t
a f r e e p r e s s fo
w as r e c e i v e d w i th so mu c h fa v o r t h a t t h e a uth o r o f i t w a s r e
qu e s t ed t o c o mmi t i t t o w r i ti n g w h i ch h e d i d a fte r w h i ch i t w as
a d o pt e d w i t h unb o un d e d e nt h u s i a s m
a n d s ub s e qu e n tl y p a s s e d a t
v a r i o u s mee t i ng s an d co n v e nti o n s d u r i ng th a t c amp ai gn i n cl u d i ng
t h e M a ssa c h u se tt s S t a t e C o nv e nt i o n h e l d t h e foll o w i ng w e e k a t
t h e s a me p l a c e ; t h e ma i n s e nti me n t o f t h e r e s o l ut i o n w as i n c o r
i
n
t
h
p
l
a t fo r m o f t h e
N
a t i o n al
F
r
ee S o il C o nv e nt i o n
o
a
t
e
d
e
p
h el d i n Augu s t fo ll o w i ng a t B u ff l o w h e r e M ar ti n V an B u r e n
A d a ms w e r e n o mi n a t e d fo r Pr e i d e nt a d
a d C h a rl e s F r a n c i s
V i c e -Pr e s id e nt o f t h e U n i te d S ta te s a d i t s l e ad i ng d o c t ri n e
h as
e mb o d i e d i n e v e r y s ub s e qu e n t n a ti o n al R e pub li c a n p l a t fo r m
s i n c e b e c o me a p a r t o f t h e C o n s t i tu t i o n O f t h e Un i t e d S ta t e s
A t t h e S ta t e c o nv e nt i o n o f J un e 2 8 at t h e Wo rc e s t e r Ci ty
H all w h e r e t h e F r ee S o il p a r ty w as u s h e r ed i n t o e x i s t e n c e i n d u e
fo r m al l s e c ti o n s o f t h e Co mmo n w eal t h w e r e re p r ese n ted an d
fo r t h e h o l d i g o f t h e
s
l a e , t h e o l o w i w ee ,
r
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A PP EN D I x
67
.
l ar ge n u mb e r s w e r e al s o p r e s e nt fr o m o th e r S ta t es fi l li ng t h e h al l
ut mo s t Cap aci ty T h e c o nv e nti o n w as
a t an e a r l y h o u r t o i t s
c al l ed t o o rd e r a t 1 0 A M by H o n Al e x a n d e r D e W i t t o f O x fo r d
a n d o r g a n i z e d t e mp o r a r il y by t h e c h o i c e o f H o n
S F L y ma n o f
N o r t h a mpt o n as c h ai r ma n a n d Willi a m S R o b i n s o n [Wa rr i ngto n !
A c o m mi tte e c o n s i s t i ng o f E d w ar d L
o f L o w e l l as S e cr e t a r y
K e y e s o f D e d h a m J o h n S E l d r i d g e o f B o s t o n Will i am B as s e tt
H G Bl a i s d ell o f L a w r e n c e J W B r o w n o f F r ami ng
o f L ynn
h am Augu s tu s T u c k e r o f W o rc e s t e r Willi a m H S t o dd a r d o f
N o r th ampt o n an d J o h n H M o r se O f S h e r bu r n e w as th e n c h o s e n
t o n o mi n a t e a li s t o f p e r ma n e n t o ffi c e r s o f t h e c o nv e nt i o n w h i ch
th e y d i d as fo l l o w s a n d th e se w e re u n a n i m o u sl y el e c te d : Pr e s i
d e nt H o n S a mu el H oa r O f C o n c o r d ; V i c e Pr e s i d e nt s Al a n s o n
H amil t o n o f We s t B r o o k fi el d H o n J o s e p h L R i c h ar d s o n o f
M e d w a y D r S a mu el G H o w e o f B o s t o n J o h n \Vell s o f C h i c o p e e
J o s e p h S t e v e n s o f W a r w i c k R i c h a r d P W a t e r s o f S al e m ; S e c
Willi am S R ob i n s o n o f L o w ell Willi a m A Wall ac e
r e t a r i es
Will i am A A r n ol d o f
o f W o rc e s t e r Al l e n S h e p a r d o f A s h l a n d
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N o r t h a mpt o n
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p ro ceed i ng w e r e o p en ed w i th p r ay e r by R ev G e o r g e P
S mi th t h e n p as t o r o f t h e Ol d S o ut h Ch u rc h
On t ak i ng t h e
c h ai r t h e Pr es i d e n t H o S amu el H o ar w as g r ee te d w i th g re a t
a pp l a u s e r e f e r e n c e a t h i s i nt r o d u c t i o n t o t h e v as t a u d i e n c e b e i ng
ma d e t o h i s t r e a t me n t by t h e o ffi ci al s o f S o ut h C a r o li n a w h il e
t h e r e as t h e age n t f M as s ch u se tts fo r t h e p ro t e c ti o n o f c ol o r e d
c i ti z e n s fr o m t h i s S tat e w h o h ad b e e n o ut r ag eo u sl y d e p ri v e d o f
t h e i r C o n s ti tuti o n al r i gh t s w h il e i n S o uth C ar o li n a o n l eg i ti ma t e
bu si n e s s A fte r r e mar k s fr o m t h e C h ai r o mo t io n o f H o
S t e p h e n C P h illi p s o f S a l e m a c o m mi tt e e t o d r aft an a dd r ess an d
r e so l uti o n s w as c h o s en c o n i s ti ng o f S t p h e n C P h illi p s E r as tu s
H o pk i n s o f N o r th am pt o n D a n i el W Al v o r d o f G r e e nfi el d Mil
M F i h e r f M ed w a y All e n B a ngs o f S p r i ngfi el d \V i l l i am
to
B S p o o n e r o f B o s t o n J h n Mil t o n E rl e o f Wo rc e s te r an d E
R o c k w o o d H o a r f C o n c o r d O m o t i n o f S a m u e l F L y ma n o f
N o r th ampt o n a c o m mi tt ee t o n o mi n t e a S ta te Ce nt r l Co mmi tte e
w as c h o se n c o n s i ti ng o f S F L y ma n A l e x a n d e r D e W i t t E R
H o ar F IV B i d o f IV l po l e A l b e r t T o l ma n o f W o rc es te r a d
E be n e z e r L amso n o f S h el bu r n e ; a d t h i s c o mmi ttee s ub s equ e ntl y
r e p o r te d t h e n ames o f t h e fo ll w i ng g e ntl e me n w h o w r e u n n i
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68
F RE E S OI L REUNI ON
B OS T ON
AT
.
C e nt r al C o mmi t t ee t o h av e ch a rg e Of t h e
H o n C h a rl e s F r a n c i s A d a ms an d G eo r g e
S t a t e c a mp ai gn w o r k
N e w c o mb o f Q u i n c y S F L y ma n o f N o r th a mpt o n D r C al e b
S w a n o f E a s t o n Al l e n B ang s o f S p r i ngfi e l d H e n r y Wil s o n o f
N a ti c k E d w ar d L K ey e s o f D e d h a m Mil to n M F i sh e r an d J o h n
P J o n e s o f M ed w ay G e o rg e M i n o t o f R ead i ng Willi am B as s e tt
O f L ynn
F r e e man Wal k e r o f N o r th B ro o k fi e l d Al e x a n d e r D e
Wi tt o f Ox fo r d a n d H e n r y T P a r k e r o f B o s t o n T h i s c o mmi tte e
o r g a n i z e d fo r s ub s equ e nt a c t i o n by t h e c h o i c e o f E d w a r d L K e y es
a s C h ai r ma n a n d Wi l li a m B as s e tt a s S e cr e t a r y
T h e mas s d e l e g a t i o n s fr o m B o s t o n an d o t h e r s e c t i o n s o f t h e
S t a t e w e re r e c e i v e d w i t h g r e a t c h ee r i ng as t h e y e n t e re d t h e h all
w h i c h so o n b e c a me s o cr o w d e d t h a t a n a dj o u r n me nt t o t h e C o m
A ft e r t h e t ra n sa c
mo n b e c ame n e c e s sa r y t o h ea r t h e s p e ak i ng
t i o n o f t h e p reli mi n a r y bu s i n ess J oh n S E l d r i d g e o f B o s t o n r e ad
a d d r e ss e d
a l e tt e r fr o m a mas s mee t i ng h o l d i ng i n P h il a d e l ph i a
t o t h i s c o nv e nt i o n e x p r e ss i v e o f e nt h u s i a s t i c c o nfi d e n c e i n t h e
fin al t r i u mp h o f t h e g r ea t r e v o l ut i o n fo r li b e r ty t h e n g o i n g o n al l
S t e p h e n C P h illi ps r e ad a r e s o l ut i o n o f t h an k s t o
o v e r t h e l an d
C h a rl e s All e n a n d H e n r y Wil s o n i n e n d o rs e me n t o f t h e i r c o u r s e
J u d g e A ll e n
i n r e pu d i a t i o n o f t h e n o mi n a t i o n s a t P h il a d el p h i a
w as th e n i nt r o d u c e d ami d g r ea t a pp l a u s e a n d mad e an ab l e a d
h i c h w a s e n th u s i a s t i c ally r e c e i v e d
d r es s i n su ppo r t o f h i s a c t i o n W
C h a rl es S u mn e r r e ad a l e tt e r fr o m H o n J R Willi ams M C a
d el e g at e t o t h e P h il ad el p h i a C o nv e nt i o n fr o m Mi c h i g a n i n s y m
p a th y w i th t h e o bj e c t s o f t h i s c o nv e nti o n A d d r e sse s foll o w ed
b y H e n r y Wil s o n t h e co adj uto r o f J u d g e A ll e n at P h il ad e l p hi a
Ab r am P ayn e of Pr o v i d e n c e R I J o h n C W o o d ma n Of M ai n e
A masa W al k e r o f N o r th B r o o k fi el d Jo sh u a L e av i tt o f B o s to n
L e w i s D C am pb ell M C o f Oh i o an d o th e r s s t ro ngl y app r o v i ng
t h e o bj e c t s o f t h e g a t h e r i n g
T h e a ft e r n o o n s essi o n o f t h e c o nv e nt i o n w as h e l d i n w h a t w as
“
H os p i tal G r o v e o n t h e so u t h s id e o f t h e l o t w h e r e n o w
c all ed
At t h e Op e n i ng H o n S t e ph e n
s t an d s t h e S t a t e N o r m al S c h oo l
C P h illi p s ch ai r ma n o f t h e c o mmi tte e o n ad d r e s s an d r es ol u
t i o n s mad e an el ab o ra te a n d a bly w ri tt e n r e p o r t w h i ch h e r e ad
i n h i s w ell -r eme mb e r ed el o qu e nt ma nn e r h i s p o w e r fu l v o i c e mak
i ng i t sel f d i s t i n c tly h ea rd th ro ugh o ut t h a t v a s t a sse mbl y ami d
Wi th w h a t e mp h as i s d i d M r P h illi p s r e ad
fr e qu e nt a pp l a u s e
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S t at e
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A P PENDIX
69
.
t h i s e x p r e s si v e r es ol u t i o n
T h a t M ass ach u se tts l o o k s t o D an i el
W e b s t e r t o d e cl a r e t o t h e S e n a t e an d t o up h o l d b e fo r e t h e c o unt r y
t h e p o li c y o f t h e F r e e S t a t e s ; t h a t s h e i s r eli e v e d t o kn o w t h at h e
h s o t e n d o r s e d t h e n o mi n a t i o n o f G e n e r al T ay l o r ; an d t h a t s h e
i n v o k e s h i m a t t h i s cr i s i s t o tu r n a d eaf e ar t o O pt i mi t s an d
qu i e ti s t s a d t o s p e ak an d ac t a s h i s h ea r t an d h i s g r e at mi n d
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b e gi nn i ng o f th i s s i gn i fi c an t r efe r e n c e t o t h e g re a t M a s
s ac h u s e t t s
No !
s t t e sma n
t h e s p e ak e r w as i n t e rr upt e d w i th
No !
fr o m se v e r al v o i ce s i n d i ffe r e n t s e c t i o n s o f t h e a u d i e n c e ;
cs
but o n M r P h illi p s e x pl ai n i ng th a t t h e r e s o l ut i o n o nl y s i d l o /
t o D an i el W e b t e r
w i t h s t r o ng h o p e s t h a t h e mi g h t o n t h i s qu e s
t i o n b e t r u e t o h i s h i gh e s t d e cl ar a t i o n s i n t h e p as t w i th o ut e x pr e s
s i o n o f c o nfi d e n c e t h a t h e w o u l d d o s o t h e o b j e c t o r s w e r e s a t i s fi e d
a n d t h e a dd r e ss an d r e so l ut i o n s w e r e a d o pt e d e nt i r e
Wi t h w h t e n th u si as ti c c h ee r i ng w as t h e fo ll o w i ng r es ol uti o n o f
t h e s e r i es r e c e i v e d w h e n r e ad by M r P h illi p s
T h at t h e foll o w
i g l a ngu ge o f H e n r y Cl a y w h i c h h as o ft e n b e e n e c h oe d b y t h e
W h i g p r ty i a r e buk e o f t h a t s a me p ar ty fo r i t s n o mi n a t i o n o f
G e n e r al T y l o r If i n d e ed ! sai d M r Cl ay! w e h av e i n c u rr ed
t h e d i v i n e d i p l e u r e a d i f i t b e n e c e s sa r y t o c h as t i s e th i s p eo p l e
w i t h a r o d o f v e ng e a n c e I w o u l d h u mb l y p r o t r at e my se l f b e f r e
Go d an d i mpl o r e H i m i
H i s me rc y t o v i s i t o u r fa v o r e d l an d
w i t h w ar
w i t h p e s ti l e n c e w i t h f a mi n e w i t h an
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e r s c o u r ge
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t h an mi l i ta ry r u l e o r a bli n d a d h e ed l ess e nth u si as m fo m e r e
m ili t a r y r e n o w n
T h e fo rc e o f t h i s r e so l ut i o i s s e e n i n t h e
fac t th a t G e n e r al T ayl o r w a n o mi n at ed pu r el y o n acc o un t o f h i s
s u cc e s s fu l l e ad e r s h i p i n a w ar w h i c h h ad b ee n p r o n o u n c e d by t h e
W h i g s o f t h e N o r th e r n S t a tes t h e mo s t i n fa mo u s w ar e v e r
w ag e d i n al l h u m n h i s t o r y
A mo ng t h e o t h e r r e s ol ut i o n w a o n e e n d o r s i ng t h e c o u r se o f
S e n a to r J o h n P H al e o f N e w H a mp s h i r e a d R e p r es e n t a t i v e
J o s h u a R Gi d d i ng s o f Oh i o i n C o ng re s ; el o qu e n t s p e e c h e s fo l
l o w e d by M r Gi d d i ng C h a rl e s F r n c i s Ad a m s C h arl es S u mn e r
E R o c k w o o d H a r a n d o th e r
a d t h e fo ll o w i ng d el g a t e s a t
l a rg e w e r e c h s e n t o t h e N a t i o n al F r e e S o il C o nv e nt i o n h e l d a t
B fl l o N Y Augu s t 9 a d 1 0
S t e p h e n C P h illi p s o f S al e m
D an i el W A l v rd f G r e e nfi l d \V i l l i am J ck so n o f N e w to n
J o h n M B r e w s te r o f P i t t fie l d C h a rl es B S ed g w i c k o f S t o c k
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70
F RE E S O I L REUNI ON
AT
B OS T ON
.
b r i d ge an d J oh n A B oll es o f B o s to n ; w i th th i r ty d i s t ri c t d el e
g a te s i n cl u d i ng s u ch r e pr e s e nta t i v e men as Ch a r l e s F ra n c i s Ad ams
R i c h a r d H D n a J r J o h n B All ey o f L ynn J o sh u a L eav i tt o f
B os t o n E m n c i p a to r
the
D a v i d L ee C h i l d o f B o s to n G e r sh o m
B We s t o n o f Du x bu r y J o h n Mill s o f S p r i ngfi e l d G eo rge F
F a rl ey o f G ro to n C h a nn ey L K n a p p o f L o w el l N a th a n B r o o k s
o f Co n c o r d A l b er t G
B ro w n e o f S al em Al e x a n d e r D e W i t t Rh o
d ol p h u s B H ubb a r d C h a rl es Wh i t e o f W o rc e s t e r an d o t h e r s
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Hon M I LT ON M F I S H ER o f M e d w ay w as calle d u pon by
t h e P resi d e nt b u t h e h ad le ft t h e roo m i n consequen ce o f
su d d e n i n d i s positi on T h e follo w in g i s a n ab stract o f t h e
rem ark s h e h ad prepare d fo r t h e occasi on
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R EM A R K S
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p r o v i d e nt i all y t h e o n ly o n e o f t w o
d y o f fi ft ee n m e mb e r s o f t h e C o m
an d t h e o n l y o n e p r e s e nt t o mi t t ee o R e so l ut i o n s a d o pt e d at t h e o rga n i z a t i o n o f t h e F r e e S o i l
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mo r e v i v i d r e me mb r an c e o f t h at e v e t fu l d ay a d t h e p r o g r e s s
ma r k e d by i t i n t h e g r ea t Ant i sl a v e r y mo v e me nt b e g i n n i ng n ear l y
t w e nty y e ar s b e f o r e I h ad w ell n i gh fo r g o tt e n my i n c i d e ntal r el a
t i o n t o i t until y o u r a nn o un c eme nt o f t h e fac t i n y o u r o pe n i ng
a dd r e ss
E v e r yth i g h as a b egi nn i ng ; t h e F r e e S o il p ar ty w a s n o t an
e xc e pt i o n
B ut s o me t h i ng al w ay s p r e c e d e s a b e gi nn i n g a d
s o m e t h i ng
p r e ce d e d t h e F r e e S o il p a r ty el s e i t h ad n e v e r b e e n
Ant i sl av e r y s e nti me nts co nv i c ti o n s h el d w i th t h e t e n aci ty o f a
d i v i n e i n s p i r a ti o n — p r e c ed ed i t
T h e y fo un d early u tte r a n c e i n
G arr i s o n a d W h i tti e r L o v ej o y a d L e a v i tt Q u i n c y an d P h illi p s
th ro ugh t h e L i b e r a t o r an d t h e E man ci p a to r a n d many pu l
p i ts Th e y w e re cr y s t alli z e d as a mo ral s e nt i me n t i t h e A me r i ca n
Ant i sl a v e r y S o c i e ty i n 1 8 3 3 a d pol i t i c all y i n t h e L i b e r ty p ar ty
i n 1 8 4 0 T h e l a tt e r o r g a n i z a t i o n w as h o p efu l a n d as p i r i ng i f n o t
v i g o r o u s an d s tal w a r t w h e n t h e F r e e S o il p a r ty w as o r g an i z ed
Yes M r Ch a i r man i t h a d a v i tali ty i n t h e c o n s c i e n c e an d i n t el l i
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A P P EN D I x
71
.
g e n ce o f t h e p eo p l e th at co l d n o t h a v e b een a nn i h il a ted but as
J o s h u a L e a v i tt s ai d a t t h e B u ffal o C nv e nt i o n i n Augu s t 1 8 4 8
“
t ra n sl a t ed b o d il y i nto a w i d e r r eal m o f
m i gh t b e a s i t w a s
i mmo r tali ty t h r o ug h t h e F r e e S o il p ar ty o f t h e R e pub li c
I t w as my h o n o r an d p r i v il e g e w i th C h arl e s F r a n c i s A d ams o f
Q u i n c y ! a c o n s c i e n c e W h i g ! n d Willi a m J R eyn o l d s o f R o x
bu r y ! a b a r nbu r n e r D e mo cr a t ! t o r e p r ese n t t h e L i b e r ty p a r ty
o f N o r f o l k C o un ty i n t h a t fi r s t N a t i o n al C o nv e nt i o n o f t h e F r e e
S o il p a r ty w h i ch a ug me nte d t h e r i s i ng t i d e s t ill h i g h e r u n t il
t h r o ug h t h e R e publ i c a n p a r ty o f 1 8 5 6 — b y t h e p e n o f Ab r ah am
“
L i n c l n t h e ar mi e s o f t h e U n i o n a d t h e g r a ci o u s fav o r o f
A l mi g h ty G o d t h e d eath -s t r uggl e o f a g e n e r a ti o n e n d ed i n v i e
”
t o r y fo F R E E S O I L F R E E L A B O R a n d F R E E M EN
Ye M
C h ai r m n t h e m e n a d t h e w o me n t o o w h o t al k ed
p r ay e d i n s c h o o l h o u s e s a d c h ap el s w h o w o r k ed t ill t o w n s
an d
a n d c o un t i e s w e r e r o u s e d a d o r g a n i z e d fo r a gg r e s s i v e a d e ffi c i e n t
s e r v i c e a e e nt i tl e d t o h i g h cr e d i t a d h n o r a b l e m e n t i o n o n t h i s
p i o n e e r s a d h e r al d o f t h e F r e e S o il p ar ty
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A mo g th e m w e r e t h e sai n ts an d ma r ty r s o f t h e go s p el o f
L i b e r ty w h o s u ffe r ed d ea th an d t h e l o ss o f l l th i ng s fo t h e c a u se
F e w e s c ap e d a s o c i al a d p o li ti c al o s t r a c i s m a n d t h e s c o r n an d
c o n t em pt o f f o r me r fr i e n d e qu i v al e nt t o d ea th i ts e l f ; an d so me o f
u s ar e O l d e n o ug h t o kn o w w h e r e o f w e s p e a k
B u t M r Ch ai r m an t h e fo rme r th i ngs h a v e p asse d a w ay I f i t
w e r e n o t a d ay fo r r e mi n i s c e n c e s w e m i g h t i n d u l g e i n a nt i c i p a t i o n s
I t i s e n o ug h for
th at o u r li v e s an d d eed s a e a ma tt e r O f h i s to r y
a n d t h a t G o d i n h i s p r o v i d e n c e h as v i n d i c a t e d
t h e c au se w e e s
F o r t h e futu r e w e n e e d n o t fe a r
T h e Ol d R o m a n p r o v e r b
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F R E E S OI L REUNION
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C H A R L ES G DA IS f Ply m uth b r n M ay 3 0 1 8 2 0
R O B ER T T DA V I S o f F l l R i v r b r n A ug 2 8 1 823
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b r n M rch 3 1 8 2 2
A L E ! A N D ER D E W I TT o f Ox fo r d b o r n A p ri l 2 1 7 9 8 ; d i e d J a
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f t w o i n B ri dg w t r w h o v o t e d f
B ir n y i n 1 8 4 0
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C H A R L ES E N D I C O TT f C nt n b r n Oc t b e r 2 8 1 8 22
o f B s t n b r n i n B e v e r ly J
\V I L I M E N D I C O TT J
4 1 82 6
C H A R L ES M E LL IS f R o x b u ry b r n D c mb e r 1 8 1 8 ; d i d i
2 3 1 8 78
B r o kl i n J
A d f nd r f fug i t i v s l v
A O z o H E V A NS o f Ev e r tt b o r n i
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F RE E S O I L RE U NI ON A T B OS T ON
78
.
M I L T ON M F ISHE R of M d w y b r n i F r nkl i n J a 3 0 1 8 1 1
R O D NE Y F R EN C H f N ew B df r d b r n M y 2 1 8 02 ; d i d A p r i l
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F ROS T
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1 1 , 18 19 ;
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2 2 , 1 87 6
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T HOM A S GA F F I EL D b o r n i B os t n J a 1 4 1 8 2 5
E ENE Z E R F G A Y o f D d h am d i d N o v 1 5 1 8 71 ag d fi fty -o e
G EOR G E W G A Y o f S h aro n b o r n i R o x bu ry A p ri l 30 1 8 1 7
T IMO T H Y G I L B E R T o f B o to n b o r n J
5 1 7 97 ; d i d J uly 1 9
publ ic c r d h e d efi e d t h e Fug i t i v e S l ve Ac t a d g av e
I
1 86
5
un w e ari e d se rv i ce t o t h e c au s e
DA NIE L W GO O C H of M e l ro e b o r n J a 8 1 820
F R A N C IS R GO U R G A S o f C o n c o r d d i d J uly 1 2 1 8 5 3 aged f or ty
t w o w h i l s e r v i ng i n t h e C n t i tut i o n a l c nv e n t i n
J O H N G O V E o f B o s to n b r n J uly 3 1 1 8 00; d i e d May 1 4 1 8 7 1
J O H N Q A G RI FF IN o f C h arl es to w n b o r n J uly 8 1 82 6; d i e d i
d wit
1 8 66 R e mark bl e f h i s v i go r o f s tyl e
H ENRY GU I L D o f B o to n b o r n i n D e d h m N o
C HRIS T O P HER A H A C K o f T un to n b o r n D ec 9 1 8 06
NA T H A NIE L H ALL o f D o rch es t e r b or n i n Me dfo r d A ug 1 3 1 805 ;
d i e d Oc t o b r 2 1 1 8 75
L EWI S H A Y D EN f B o st o n b o D ec 3 1 8 1 1 A f ai th ful col o red
e r v a nt t o h i s b r t h r n i n b o nd s
J O S E P H K H A YES o f B o t n b o r n F eb 1 5 1 8 1 3 R s i gn e d f ro m
t h B to n p o l ic e r a t h r t h n i d i n t h e r e tu r n o f a fug i t i ve s l av e
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THOM A S W EN T WOR T H H I G G N S O N o f C amb r i dge b r n D ec 2 2
A e r n s t w rk e r a d S p ak e r
1 823
H ENRY O H I L D R E T H o f D e d h am b o r n i n D o rch este r M rch
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I C H A R D H I L D RE T H o f B o s to n b r n i n S ter l i ng J un e 2 8 1 8 07 ;
d i d i Fl o r e n c e I t ly J uly 1 1 1 8 65 N o t d as a h i s to r i a n a d
a p o l i t i c l w ri t e r
SA M U E L H O A R b o r n i n L i c o ln M y 1 8 1 7 88 ; d i e d i n C o n c o r d
2 1 8 56 A m
o f m r k e d c h r ac t e r a d o f g r e a t i n fl ue n c e
N
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A PPENDIX
79
.
R O C K WOO D H O A R b o r n i n C o n co r d
”
“
p r o mi n e nt as a C o n s c i e n c e W h i g an d
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1 84 8
21 , 1 816
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H e w as
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i ler
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G EOR G E F RIS B I E H O A R b r n i n C n co r d A g 2 9 1 8 2 6 H w s
t o y ung t
b
v ry p r mi n nt i 1 8 4 8 but h took a l ead i ng p ar t
i t h e L g i s l tu r o f 1 8 5 2 m k i ng an A nt i l v e r y p c h
EL I W H O L B ROO K f W t B o yl s t n b o r n D c 2 2 1 8 09
E R A S T U S H O P K INS o f N r th mpt n b r n t H dl y A p ri l 7 1 8 1 0;
d i d J 9 1 8 72
A PP L E T ON H OW E o f \V ey m t h b o r n N o 2 1 792 ; d i e d Oc t
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E S T ES H OWE
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1 814 ;
di d
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SA M U E L
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H ENRY H U M P HREYS o f D o rch e t r b o r n A p r i l 3 1 8 01
8
A T HER T ON N H U N T o f VVey mo t h d i e d J
186
5 age d
two
s ix ty C H A R L ES P H U N T IN GT ON of N o r th m pto n b r n M ay 2 4 1 8 02 ;
d i d J 28 1 8 68
W I LL I A M J A C K SON of N w to n b r n S pt 6 1 78 3 ; d i e d F b
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JOR D A N o f B s t o n b o r n 1 8 1 4
K A SSON o f N e w B e d fo r d b o r n
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JOHN A
Ja
1 1 1 8 22 ; o w l i v i n g
i Iow
E D W A R D L K EYES f D d h am b o r n i 1 8 1 2 ; d i e d J un e 6 1 8 59
tu r w i th r m rk bl e p o w e rs
d
H w s a o r t r nd o w d by
b t h s e d i t o r a d p eak r w s d i s t i ngu i h d by h i s sev e re a d t r e n
c h nt s tyl e
F R A N KL IN K IN G o f D o rch es t e r b o r n i C h e t e r fi e ld D ec 8 1 8 08
THOM A S K IN G S B U R Y o f N ee d h m d i e d M ay 1 4 1 8 59 age d
s ix ty f ur
C H A U N C Y L K N A PP o f L o w e l l b r n i n B e r l i n V r mo nt F eb
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PH IL O
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8 , 1 8 53 ,
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fift y si x
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F REE S OI L RE U NI ON
80
JOSH U A L E A V I TT
.
pt 8 1 794 ; d i e d i n B roo klyn
N Y J 1 6 1 873 T h e w e l l kn o w n A nt i l v ery d i t o r
J O S E P H L YM A N o f B o s t o n b o r A ug 1 7 1 8 1 2 ; d i e d A ug 1 4 1 8 7 1
H OR A C E M A NN f N e w t o n b o r n M y 4 1 7 9 6; d i e d i n Y e ll o w
Pr s i d nt o f A nt i c h C l l eg A ug 2 1 8 59
S p r i ng
Oh i
S E T H M A NN O f R and o lp h b o r n F b 2 8 1 8 1 7
J O I I N J M A Y o f D o rc h es t e r b r n O t 1 5 1 8 1 3
A N D R EW MC P H A I L J f B os t o n b or n F eb 2 8 1 8 1 7
A NN I S M ERRI LL o f B t n b or n i n H r w ic h S ept 9 1 8 1 0 F o
m any y ar s a r e s i d e t o f C l i f r n i a
JO N J M ERRI LL o f Ro x bu ry b r n A p ri l 1 6 1 8 2 1
J A M ES H M OR T ON f S p r i ngfi e ld d i e d i 1 8 76 aged ab o u t
t h ree
fi ft y M A R C U S M O R T O N o f Taunt n b o r n D c 1 9 1 7 8 4 ; d i e d F eb 6
Ac t e d w i th t h e F r ee S i l e r i 1 8 4 8 but l te r w s mo re i
1 86
4
s y m p a t h y w i t h t h e D e m cr a t i c p ar ty
M A R C U S M OR T ON J o f A ndo ver b o r n A p ri l 8 1 8 1 9 N ow
c h i ef-j u s t ic f t h e S t at e
N A T H A NIE L M OR T ON o f T aunt n d i d i 1 8 56 ag d ab o ut t h i r ty
s ve n
A L V A M ORRISON f B r ai t ree b r n M ay 1 3 1 8 06; d i e d M y
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C U R T I S C N I C HO L S o f C amb r i dge b o r n i n F ree to w n M rch 6 1 8 1 4
JOHN A N OWE LL of B s t n b r n i S ndf r d M e M ay 1 6 1 8 1 7
D c 1 5 1 8 1 0; d i e d J uly
T HEO D OR E O T I S
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JOHN C P A R K o f B os t o b o r n J n e 1 0 1 8 04
T HEO D OR E PA R K ER o f B os t n b o r n A ug 2 4 1 8 1 0; d i e d i
Fl r n c e I t ly M ay 1 0 1 8 60 Ful l f c ur ag a d f rec as t a d
p r f undly i n e r n t
ED WIN P A TC H of Lynn b o r n M y 1 2 1 8 2 0
C H A R L E S A P HE L P S o f B o s to n b or n O t 1 9 1 82 0
W I LL I A M P HI LL I P S o f Lynn b or n A p ri l 29 1 799
E D W A R D L P IER C E o f M i lt n b r n M arc h 2 9 1 8 29 Ac ti ve as a
d s p eak e r f r m ear ly m n h oo d
w r i t er
H ENR Y L P I ER C E o f D o rch es ter b o r n A ug 2 3 1 8 2 5 A cti v e as
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82
F REE S OI L REUNION
B OS T ON
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EB EN F S T ONE f N w bu ryp r t b r n A g 3 1 8 2 2 R nd r d
ffi ci nt rv ic i n E x C unty
C A L E B S W A N f E t n b r n 1 79 6; d i d 1 8 70 A dd r d m t
n rg t ic i
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JOHN L S WI F T f B t n b r n M y 2 8 1 82 8 A mos t ff c t i v
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V E O OUS TA F T
f Upt n b r n D
16 1 819
JOSE P H B TH A ! T ER f H i ngh m b r n J un e 1 1 8 1 8
AB I A H W T H A YER f N r th mpt n b r n J 6 1 79 6; d i d
A p ri l 24 1 8 64
A D IN T H A YER f W rc t r b o r n i n M nd n D 5 1 82 8 ; d i d
A ug 4 1 8 8 8
E L I TH A YER f W rc t r b o r n J un 1 1 1 8 1 9 Org n i z r f
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A PPEN D IX
83
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JOHN W W E T HERE LL of VV est e b r n J uly 1 6 1 8 2 0
H ENR Y B W H EE L WRI G H T f T unt n b o r n M y 2 4 1 8 2 4
NA T H A NI E L H VV I T I N G o f E t M sh fi l d b r n N 2 4 1 8 08
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J A M ES M W Y R R I N G T ON f C h e l s ea b o r n Oc t b er 1 82 5 A n
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A PPEN D IX
85
.
c v ti
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t r y h ll b
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F RE E
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r mi i c nc w h ich w nt b ck t J ck
d r v i w d t h h i t ry f t h
F r S i l r u ti l t h y w r m rg d i t t h R p b l ic n p r ty i 1 8 56
A p m w ri tt b y D C L F i k S w r d b y S r t ry J h n n
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A PP EN D I !
87
.
t A h fi l d c rri d fi t h p l m I 1 8 4 8 h c t 1 53 Fr S i l
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c mm i t t f rr g ment f
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