Course: Lumos StepUp - Grade 4 Language Arts Literacy
Lesson: Paraphrasing
(2) There are four types of tissues that are formed as cells join together and function as a group. Each type
of tissue has a distinctive structure and form a specific job. Muscle tissue is made up of long and narrow
muscle cells. Muscle tissue makes your body parts move by contracting and relaxing. Connective tissue is
what holds up your body and connects its parts together. Bone is made up of connective tissue. Nerve tissue
is made up of long nerve cells that branch through your body and carry messages throughout the body.
Epithelial tissue is made of wide, flat epithelial cells. This tissue lines the surfaces inside the body and
form the outer layer of the skin. Groups of tissue join together to form the organs in our body such as the
heart, liver, lungs, brain, and kidneys just to name a few. Subsequently these organs work together to form
our body systems. Each system works in complete coordination with one another, as well as with the other
systems of the body.
Mary wants to paraphrase the important facts about each type of tissue in a chart. What two facts
need to be included in the chart she has made for learning information about each type of tissue?
A) long cells; narrow cells
B) long cells, contracts
C) contracts; relaxes
D) long, narrow cells; contract and relax
Standard: W.4.8
Domain: Writing
Theme: Research to Build and Present Knowledge
Description: Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and
digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.
(3) The nervous system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and thousands of nerves. The brain
controls the nervous system. The spinal cord is the link between the brain and other parts of the body. It
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sends and receives the messages from the brain and the nerves. The nerves are bundles of fibers that carry
the messages throughout the body.
Paraphrase the information presented in the above passage.
A) The brain controls the nervous system. The spinal cord links and sends messages between the brain
and spinal cord.
B) The brain controls the nervous system. The spinal cord links and sends messages between the brain
and nerves, which carry messages throughout the body.
C) The nervous system is made of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The brain controls the system. The
nerves carry messages.
D) The spinal cord links the brain and the nerves. The nerves carry messages to the rest of the body.
Standard: W.4.8
Domain: Writing
Theme: Research to Build and Present Knowledge
Description: Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and
digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.
(1) The human body is made of trillions of cells. Cells are the basic unit of all living things. Each cell is
surrounded by the cell membrane. This membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes into and
out of the cell. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the DNA. The cytoplasm is the
jellylike fluid outside of the nucleus where other parts or organelles of the cell are located. Each type of cell
performs a specific job. For example, red blood cells carry oxygen to all parts of the body while the white
blood cells work to fight infections. Groups of cells that work together are called tissue.
When taking notes from the above passage, what would be the best paraphrase of the information in
Section 1?
A) The cell is the basic unit of living things which performs specific jobs. The cell membrane controls
the flow in and out of the cell, the nucleus is the control center, and the cytoplasm holds all organelles
outside the nucleus.
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B) Cells make up the human body. The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell. The
body has trillions of cells. Each cell has a specific job.
C) The body has trillions of cells. The cell membrane surrounds the cell and controls what goes into and
out of the cell. The cell membrane holds the cell together. Cells are the basic unit of living things.
D) The cell membrane surrounds the cell. There are a trillion cells. Cells are basic units. Cytoplasm is
jellylike. Cytoplasm is outside the nucleus. Red blood cells carry oxygen.
Standard: W.4.8
Domain: Writing
Theme: Research to Build and Present Knowledge
Description: Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and
digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.
Groups of tissue join together to form the organs in our body such as the heart, liver, lungs, brain, and
kidneys just to name a few. Subsequently these organs work together to form our body systems. Each organ
in a system works in complete coordination with one another, as well as with the other systems of the body.
Paraphrase the information from the above section from a passage about tissues, organs, and systems.
A) The heart, liver, lungs, brain, and kidneys are formed from groups of tissues. These are organs.
Organs form body systems.
B) Groups of tissues form organs. Systems work together.
C) Groups of tissues form organs. Organs work together to form systems which then coordinate with
one another in the body.
D) Organs form systems. Systems work together in the body.
Standard: W.4.8
Domain: Writing
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Theme: Research to Build and Present Knowledge
Description: Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and
digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.
(4) The digestive system is made up of the esophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, large and
small intestines, appendix, and rectum. Digestion actually begins in the mouth when food is chewed and
mixed with saliva. Muscles in the esophagus push food into the stomach where it mixes with digestive
juices. While in stomach, food is broken down into nutrients and turns into a thick liquid. The food then
moves into the small intestines where more digestive juices complete the breaking down of the food. It is in
the small intestines that nutrients are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body. The leftover
material that is unusable by the body moves into the large intestines where the body absorbs the water that
is contained before passing from the body through the rectum.
Mary wants to paraphrase the important facts of the digestive system using bullet points.
The esophagus pushes food from the mouth to the stomach.
Digestive juices break down the food in the stomach.
The thick liquid moves to the small intestine.
The small intestines further breaks down the food completely.
______________________________________
Leftover material moves to the large intestine.
The large intestine removes water from the leftover material.
The remainder of the material exits through the rectum.
What fact needs to be included on the blank line in the list she has made for learning information
about the digestive process?
A) The digestive process begins in the mouth.
B) The small intestine completely breaks down the food.
C) Nutrients are absorbed into the blood.
D) Leftover material is not used by the small intestine.
Standard: W.4.8
Domain: Writing
Theme: Research to Build and Present Knowledge
Description: Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and
digital sources; take notes and categorize information, and provide a list of sources.
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http://www.lumoslearning.com/
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