gp.ypl;. - Kjyhkhz;L
DJL14 : jhs; 4 - ,f;fhy ,yf;fpak;
nghUslf;fk;
ghujpahh;
ghujp jhrd;
ftpkzp
Fapy; ghl;L
FLk;g tpsf;F
Mrpa N[hjp
2
Ntjehafk; gps;is
fy;fp
jp.[hdfpuhkd;
gpujhg Kjypahh; rhpj;jpuk;
miyNahir
mk;kh te;jhs;
3
GJikg;gpj;jd; fijfs; (13 fijfs;)
fp.uh[ ehuhazd;
fjT rpWfijj; njhFg;G
fijfs;
4
rp.vd;. mz;zhJiu
rpw;gp
m.uhkrhkp
Ntiyf;fhhp
Mjpiu
xj;jpif
5
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;
ghtyh; kzp.M.goep
gs;spg;gwitfs;
fhdy; thpah? fz;zPh; thpah?
1
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
1
myF - 1
Fapy; ghl;L
ghujpahh;
ghujpahhpd; ftpijfs; mwpTf;Fk; czh;Tf;Fk; xUq;Nf tpUe;jspg;gd.
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ghujpia tpQ;Rkstpw;F ,dp xU ftpQd; Njhd;Wthd;
vd;W $wKbahjthW cah;e;J tpsq;Ffpwhh;
mth;.
Kg;ngUk;
fz;zd;
ghly;fs;
vd;W
miof;fg;gLtd
mth;jk; ftpijfSs;
ghl;L>
Fapy;ghl;L>
gQ;rhyprgjk; Mfpa %d;WNkahFk;. ghujpapd; Vida ghly;fNshL xg;G Nehf;Fk;
NghJ ,it %d;Wk; rpwg;Gkpf;fit MFk;.
fz;zngUkhNdhL njhlh;Gilad.
fz;zd; ghl;Lk; ghQ;rhyp rgjK;
ghujpapd; GJik Nehf;F ,tw;wpd; %yk;
ntspg;gLk;. Fapy;ghl;L xU fw;gidg; gilg;G. ,jid>
‘khiy mOfpd; kaf;fj;jhy; cs;sj;Nj
Njhd;wpaNjhh; fw;gidapd; R+o;rr
; p”
(746 - 47)
vd;w ghlybfs; njwpTWj;Jk;.
‘...................................edtopag;
gl;lg;gfypNy ghtyh;f;Fj; Njhd;Wtjhk;
nel;ilf; fdtp dpfo;r;rp”
(22 - 24)
ahf ,J Njhd;wpajhff; ftpQh; $wpdhYk;> mt;thW Njhd;wpajhfg; ghbaJk;
mth;jk; fw;gidNa MFk;. fw;gidapd;wpf; ftpij Njhd;whJ. ,th;jk; fw;gid
nghUs; nghjpe;j fw;gidahf ,Uj;jNy ,jd; rpwg;ghFk;.
Ntjhe;jkhf tphpj;Jg;
nghUSiuf;f tha;g;gspg;gjhfTk; ,J gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghujpapd; ,g;gilg;G> gy;NtW epiyfspy; ehk; gapd;W ,d;Gwj;jf;f epiyapy;
mike;Js;sij ehk; czuKbfpwJ.
mjd; fijg;n ghUis Kjypy; mwpe;J
nfhz;L> mJ $Wk; nra;jpfs; Fwpj;jg; gpd;dh; rpe;jpg;Nghk;.
Fapy;ghl;bd; fijg; nghUs;fs;:
fhiy Neuk;;:
fhiy Neu ,sQ;R+hpad; flypilNa jd; fjph;fis tPrp> miyg;gug;ig
xspkakhf;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. flypd; miyfs;Ntjg; nghUisg; ghbf; nfhz;L
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
2
fiuia te;J jOTfpd;wd. ,j;jifa fhl;rpfs; epiwe;j GJit efuj;jpd; Nkw;Nf>
Gl;fs; epiwe;j xU khQ;Nrhiy ,Ue;jJ.
khQ;Nrhiyf; Fapy; fdT:
me;jr; Nriyf;Fr; nrd;w ghujpahh;> ,sik kpf;f Fapnyhd;W ,d;dpirj;
jPk; ghly; ,ire;jpUf;Fk; tpe;ijfisf; fz;L> me;jg; ghl;bNy rpe;jidiag;
gwpnfhLj;jhh;. ,J ghujpapd; fdtpNy epfpo;e;j epfo;r;rpahFk;. ,jidg; ghujpahh;.
‘gl;lg; gfypNy ghtyh;f;Fj; Njhd;Wtjhk;
nel;ilf; fdtpd; epfo;r;rpapNy fz;Nlahd;”
vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
(23 - 24)
mth;jk; fdT njhluf; ftpij njhlh;fpwJ.
Fapy;ghLk;
ghl;bd; ,irapdpikapNy kaf;fq;nfhz;L Fapiyf; fhjypf;fyhdhh;. jd;Dila
kdpj cUtk; ePq;fpf; FapYUtk; tuf; $lhNjh? mjidf; fhjypj;J ,d;gKld;
thOk; tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fhjh? vd;nwy;yhk; vz;zp Vq;fpdhh;. mg;NghJ Fapy; jd;
Jd;gq;fye;j ghliyg; ghb Kbj;jJ.
jdpf;Fapypd; Jah;:
NrhiyapypUe;j Vida gwitfs; midj;Jk; gwe;jplNt> ,e;jf; Fapy;
kl;Lk; jdpj;J thbapUf;ff; fz;l ghujpahh;> mjdUNf nrd;W Jd;gj;jpw;fhd
fhuzj;ij tpdt>
‘fhjiy Ntz;bf; fiufpd;Nwd;> ,y;iynadpy;
fhjiy Ntz;bj; jtpf;fpd;Nwd;”
(49 - 50)
vd;W Fapy; gjpy; $wpaJ.
Fapy; Gythplk; jd; fhjiy ntspapl;lJ:
rpwe;j mwpTk;> gwitfisnay;yhk; ikaYwg;ghLk; jpwKk; cila cdf;F>
xU fhjydh fpilf;fTkpy;iy? vd;W ftpQh; Nfl;lhh;. Fapy; jd; Jd;g tho;itAk;
thOk; nghUl;L mJ Jbg;gijAk; vLj;Jf; $wpaJ.
mj;Jld;> mth; kPJ jhd;
nfhz;bUe;j fhjiyAk; Fwpg;ghff; $wpaJ.
Fapypd;
fhjiyg;
ngw;w
kfpo;rr
; papy;
NrhiyapYs;s Vida gwitfs; te;J Nrh;e;jd.
ftpQh;
jpisj;jpUe;j
NghJ
mth;fsJ Ngr;rpw;F ,ilA+W
Vw;gl;ljhy;>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
3
‘md;NghL ePhpq;Nf mLj;jehd; fhehspy;
te;jUsy; Ntz;Lk;> kwthjPh;> Nkw;Fyj;jPh;!
rpe;ij gwpnfhz;L nry;fpd;wPh;! thhPNuy;>
Mtp jhpNad;> mwpe;jpLtPh;> ehd;fhk;ehs;
ghtpapUe;j ehd;Fehs; gj;JAf khf;fopg;Ngd;;
nrd;W tUtPh;”
(134 - 139)
vd;W kpff; Jauj;Jld; Fapy; tpilnfhLj;J mDg;gpaJ.
ehd;F jpdq;fs; fopj;J tUk;gb Fapy; $wpaDg;gpagpd; tPL jpUk;gpa
ftp!QUf;F mjidg; gphpe;jpUg;gJ ,ayhjjhapw;W. xU ehs; fopj;J kWehs; fhiy
te;jJ> mjw;Fs; mth; gl;l Jd;gk; tpthpf;f ,ayhjJ.
Fuq;nfhL fhjy;:
fhkdhh; tpe;ijapdhy; ftpQUila rpj;jk; nrayw;Wg; Nghapw;W> fapw;wpd;
topahfr;
nry;Yk;
FapypUf;Fk; ,lk;
nghk;ikiag;
Njb
Nghy>
mth;
Fapiyf;
miye;J tUifapNy> Fapy;
fhzr;
xU
nrd;whh;.
Mz; Fuq;fpd;
Nkd;ikapidg; Gfo;e;J $wp> mjd; fhjiyAk; Ntz;b epd;wJ.
mJ Nfl;l
Fuq;Fk; kfpo;r;rp jhq;fkhl;lhky; $j;jhb epd;wJ.
me;jf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;Zw;w ghujpahh; kpFe;j Jauk; nfhz;lhh;. Fapiyf;
nfhy;Yk;nghUl;L this tPrpdhh;.
Mdhy; FapYk; Fuq;Fk; jg;gp Xbtp;l;ld.
rPww
; k; jdzpahj ghujpahh;> Nrhiy vq;Fk; NjbAk; me;jf; Fapy; mfg;gltpy;iy.
ehzKk; JauKk; Jd;GWj;j mth; tPl;bw;F te;J %h;r;irAw;W tPo;e;jhh;. %h;r;ir
epiykhwpf;
fz;tpopj;Jg;
ghh;j;jNghJ
ehd;F
GwKk;
Nfs;tpf;fizfshy; ghujpia Jiwj;J tpl;ldh;.
ez;gh;
R+o;e;J
epd;W
ez;gh;fis mDg;gptpl;L
cwf;fk; nfhz;lhh; ghujpahh;.
vUjpdplk; fhjy;:
kWehs; fhiyapy; kPz;Lk; NrhiyNa Nehf;fpr; nrhe;j czh;T ,y;yhky;
ele;J nrd;whh;.
mth; mg;nghOJ khkuj;jpd; kPjpUe;j Fapy; jd; fijapidr;
nrhy;y> xU fpof;fhis khljid MtYwf; Nfl;gjidf; fz;lhh;. ,Wjpapy; Fapy;
khl;blk;> mjd; fhjiy Ntz;b epd;wJ. mijf; fhzr; rfpahj ghujpahh; Fapypd;
kPJ jd; this vwpa> mJTk; khLk; jg;gp kiwe;jd.
Nrhh;e;j cs;sj;Jld; tPL
jpUk;gpa ghujpahh;> jd;Dila epiyikf;fhd fhuzj;ij mwpahky; ftiyAw;Wg;
gpd;dh; cwq;fpl;lhh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
4
Fapy; mtiu tuf;$wpa ehd;fhk;ehs; te;jJ.
Jd;gj;jpid vy;yhk; epidj;J cs;sk; tUe;jpdhh;.
Fapyhy; jhd; mile;j
tPl;bd; khlj;jpy; jdpikapy;
,Ue;J mikjp Njbf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;.
ftpQhpd; rpdk;:
thdpy; jho;thff; Fapy; gwf;ff; fz;L mijg; gpd; njhlh;e;J nrd;whh;.
gioa Nrhiyf;F ,UtUk; te;jdh;.
Fapy; jd; fhjy; ghl;bil kPz;Lk; ghlj;
njhlq;fpaJ. mJ Nfl;l ftpQh; Nfhgk; nfhz;L>
‘ePrf; FapNy! epiyawpahg; ngha;ikNa!
Mirf; Fuq;fpidAk; md;ghh; vUjpidAk;
vz;zpeP ghLk; ,ope;j Giyg;ghl;il
ez;zp ,q;Ff;Nfl;f elj;jpte;jha; NghYnkd;d!”
(455 - 458)
vdf; Nfl;lhh;.
rpdj;jhy; ,we;J tpLNtd;:
mJ Nfl;l Fapy;> “IaNd! ePh; rpdq; nfhz;lhy; ehd; ,we;J tpLNtd;>
Fuq;fplk; khl;bdplKk; ehd; fhjy; nfhz;Nld; vd;W vd;kPJ Fw;wk; $Wfpd;wPh;:
cz;ikapy;
ehd;
Fw;wk;
mw;wtd;”
vd;W
nrhy;ypj;
jd;
fijiaf;
$wj;
njhlq;fpaJ.
Fapypd; Kw;gpwg;Gf;fij:
nghjpa kiyf;F mUNfAs;s Nrhiyapy; ,Ue;jJ Fapyplk;> mq;F te;j
Kdpth; ciuj;j Fapypd; Kw;gpwg;Gf; fijapidNa fapy; ftpQhplk; gpd;tUkhW
$wpaJ.
rpd;df;Fapypd; fij:
khkd; kfd; khld;
Ke;ija gpwtpapy; KUfd; vd;w Ntlh;Fyj; jiytd; kfshfg; gpwe;Njd;.
rpd;df;Fapyp vd;gJ vd;ngah;. vd; khkd; kfd; khld; vd;gtd; vd;id kzf;f
tpUk;gpdhd;.
vdf;F mtd; kPJ tpUg;gkpy;yhky; ,Ue;Jk;> mtd; tUj;jKwf;
$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf mtid kze;J nfhs;sr; rk;kjpj;Njd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
5
nel;ilf; Fuq;fd;
Mdhy;
Ntlh;fyj;
jiytdhd
nkhl;ilg;Gypad;
kfd;
nel;ilf;
Fuq;fDf;F vd;id jpUkzk; nra;J nfhLf;f vd; je;ij xg;Gjy; mspj;J tpl;lhh;.
,jid mwpe;jJk; vd; khkd; kfdhd khld; XNlhb te;J vd;idr; rpde;J rpy;
thh;j;ijfs; nrhd;dhd;. ehDk; mtd;ghy; nfhz;l fUizapdhy; mtd; rpdk;
jzpAk;gbahfg; NgrpNdd;.
Nrhiyapy; Nru ,sturd;
ehs;fs;
rpy
nrd;w
gpd;dh;>
ehd;
vd;
khiyg;nghOjpy; tpisahbf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;.
NjhopaUld;
fhl;by;
xU
mg;nghOJ mq;F te;j Nru
,sturh; vd;id Nehf;fpdhh;. ehDk; mtiug; ghh;j;Njd;. vq;fs; cs;skpuz;Lk;
jk;Ks; fye;jd. ehq;fs; ,UtUk; xUtiunahUth; Muj;jOtp kfpo;e;jpUe;Njhk;.
nel;ilf;Fuq;fDk;> khlDk; ,sturidf; nfhd;wdh;
me;jr; rkaj;jpy; mq;Fte;j nel;ilf;Fuq;fDf;Fk; khlDf;Fk; ehq;fs;
jOtp epd;w fhl;rp rpdj;ij %l;blNt ,UtUk; kd;dd; KJfpy; jq;fs; thisg;
gha;r;rpdh;.
kd;dtUk; jk; thshy; mth;fs; ,UtiuAk; ntl;b tPo;j;jpagpd;
Nrhh;Tw;W kz;kPJ tpOe;jhh;.
mtiu thhp vLj;J kbapypl;L mOJ Gyk;gpNdd;.
mg;NghJ mth;>
rhFk; Ntisapy; $wpait
‘ngz;Nz! ,dpehd; gpioj;jpNld;. rpy;fzj;Nj
Mtp Jwg;Ngd;. mOnjhh; gadpy;iy.
rhtpNy Jd;gkpy;iy. ijaNy! ,d;dKk; ehk;
G+kpapNy Njhd;wpLNthk;> nghd;Nd! epidf;fz;L
fhKWNtd;> epd;idf; fye;jpdpJ tho;e;jpLNtd;
,d;Wk; gpwtpAz;L> khjuNr ,d;gKz;L>
epd;Dld; tho;tpdpdp NeUk; gpwg;gpdpNy”
(649 - 655)
vd;W $wp kbe;jhh;.
,g;gpwg;gpy; Fapyp
,g;gpwtpapYk; ehd; tpe;ijkiyr; rhuypy; thOk; Ntlh;Fyj; jiytd;
kfshfj;jhd; gpwe;Njd;.
khld; nra;j ke;jpuj;jpdhy; FapYUtk; tha;ff
; g;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
6
ngw;Nwd;.
khlDk;> nel;ilf;Fuq;fDk; ehd; kd;didr; Nruf; $lhJ vd;W
vd;idr; Rw;wp tUfpd;wdh;.
,g;NghJ eilngWtd
vd;Dila fhjyh; njhz;il ts ehl;by; gpwe;Js;shuhk;.
vd; ghl;ilf;
Nfl;L vd;kPJ fhjy; nfhs;thuhk;. mg;NghJ Ngzpuz;Lk; khar;nra;if gynra;J
vd;idr; re;Njfpj;Jg; gphpar; nra;a KaYkhk;.
mjw;F NkYs;stw;iw ePNa
fz;Lnfhs;tha; vd;W $wptpl;L me;j Kdpth; fhw;wpy; kiwe;Jtpl;lhh;.
IaNd!
vdf;F ,uq;fpmUs;GhptPh;! ,y;iyNay; ckJ ifahy; nfhd;wpLtPh;! vd;W $wpf;
ftpQh; ifapy; tPo;e;jJ.
,dp eilngwg; Nghtd
Fapypd; Nrhfj;ij Nfl;l ftpQUf;Ff; Fapiyf; nfhd;Wtpl kdk; tUNkh?
mjd; kPJ mstplw;fhpa md;G voNt> Muj;jOtp Kj;jkpl;lhh;.
Fapy; kiwe;J
moF nghUe;jpa ngz; xUj;jp mq;F epd;whs;> “,ts; moif vg;gbj; jkpopy;
nrhy;Ntd;!” vd;W ftpQh; jpiff;fpwhh;; nrhy;y Kay;fpwhh;. ftpijahfpa goj;ijg;
gpope;J rhW vLj;J> ,irehl;bak; vd;Wk; fiyfspd; rhuj;ij mjNdhL Nrh;j;J
,dpa mkpo;jj;ijAk; fye;J fhjy; vd;Dk; ntapypy; cyh;j;jpf;fl;bahf;fp mjdhy;
nra;ag;gl;lNj me;jg; ngz;zpcd; Nkdp vd;fpwhh;.
mtisj; jOtp Kj;jkpl;L>
Kj;jkpl;L Nkfg; ngUkaf;fj;jpy; Mo;e;jpUe;jhh;.
fdT fiye;jJ
mg;NghJ
me;jg;
ngz;Zk;
gf;fj;jpypUe;j
NrhiyAk;
fiye;jplNt
epfo;jidj;Jk; khiyaofpd; kaf;fj;jhy; cs;sj;Nj Njhd;wpanjhU fw;gidapd;
R+o;rr
; p vd;gjidf; fz;L nfhz;lhh;.
,J Fapy; ghl;bd; fijg;nghUshFk;.
Fapy;ghl;L - xU fw;gidf; fhtpak;:
Fapy;ghl;L
ghujpapd;
fw;gidj;jpwj;jpw;Fr;
rpwe;jNjhh;
cjhuzkhfj;
jpfo;tJ. mjpy; fw;gidiaj; jtpu NtW xd;Wkpy;iy vd;w fUj;Jk;> fw;gidAld;
Ntjhe;jg; nghUSk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w fUj;Jk; mwpQh;fs; kj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
‘Ntjhe;jkhf tphpj;Jg; nghUSiuf;f ahjhDQ; rw;Nw ,lkpUe;jhw; $wPNuh’ vd;W
ghujpNa $wpAs;sikahy; ,jid me;j epiyapYk; tphpj;Jiuf;f tha;g;Gz;L vd;W
mtNu fUjpAs;sikahy; mjidAk; cl;nfhz;Nl Fapy;ghl;ilg; gilj;Js;sikAk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
7
Gydhfpd;;wd.
mt;thW czUk; tifapy; gilj;Js;sikAk; mtuJ fw;gid
Mw;wYf;F xU rhd;whfNt tpsq;ff; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
Gyth;fSk; jdp Mw;wYk;
xU nghUisr; rhjhuz kdpjd; fhz;gjpYk; Gytd; fhz;gjpYk; NtWghL
cz;L.
rhjhuz kdpjd; mg;nghUis kl;Lk; fhzg; GytNdh mg;nghUis
kl;Lkd;wp mjDld; njhlh;Gila gytw;iwAk; fhz;fpwhd;.
mwptpd;
thapyhf
Efug;
GytNdh
czh;r;rpapd;
rhjhuz kdpjd;>
%ykhf
mDgtpf;fpwhd;.
,jw;Ff;fhuzk; rhjhuz kdpjdplk; ,y;yhj Mw;wy; Gytidf; ftpij gilf;fj;
J}z;LfpwJ.
,J ftpQh;fSf;NfAhpa jdp ,ay;ghfTk; Mw;wyhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
“ftpQh;fs; mwptpy; rpwe;J tpsq;Ftjhy; ftp ghltpy;iy.
mth;fsplk; xUtpjj;
jdp
ghLfpwhh;fs;”
,ay;G>
mw;Gj
Mw;wy;
mike;jpUg;gjhNyNa
vd;w
Mgh;fpuhk;gpapd; $w;W ,q;F vz;zj;jf;fJ.
fw;gid ntspg;ghl;L tif
ftpQDf;fpUf;Fk; me;j Mw;wiyj;jhd; ‘fw;gid Mw;wy;’ vd;fpNwhk;.
Gytdpd; fw;gid Mw;wNy> mtdJ Gyikj; jpwj;jpd; msTNfhy; MFk;.
Mw;wiy>
mtdJ
gilg;Gfspy;
fhzKbAk;.
ctikfspd;
xU
,e;j
%ykhf
-
tUzidfspd; topahf - ghj;jpug;gilg;gpd; thapyhf ,f;fw;gidj;jpwd; fhl;rp
toq;fpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
fw;gidj;jpwj;Jld;
fUj;JtsKk;
fhzg;gl;lhy;> mit rpwe;j ftpQdhf kjpf;fg;gLthd;.
xUtdplk;
ghujpahh; mj;jifa
ftpQh; vd;gijj;jhd; Fapy;ghl;L czh;j;JfpwJ.
jpiz fle;j fhjy; fw;gid
Fapy;ghl;L> mbg;gilapy; ftpQh; cs;sj;jpy; Njhd;wpa fhjy; ftpij MFk;.
,jpy;
Ngrg;gLk;
fhjy;
kdpjg;
gpwtpfSf;fpilNa
ahdJk;>
kdpjDf;Fk;
gwitfSF;FkpilNaahdJk;> gwitfSf;Fk; tpyq;FfSf;FkpilNaahdJkha;f;
fhl;lg;gl;lJ.
fw;gidapd;
kdpjh;fSf;fpilapyhd fhjy; ,ay;ghdJ.
tpisT>
mfg;ghly;fspy;
ghj;jpug;
ngah;
gpwtiff; fhjNyh
Rl;lg;ngwhJ
vd;Dk;
,yf;fztpjpf;F khwhfg; ngah;fs; Rl;lg;gl;L tUk; epiyahdhYk; fw;gid
rhh;e;jJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
8
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
9
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
10
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
11
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
12
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
13
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
14
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fhjYzh;TkhFk;.
Mz;
ngz;
mjpy; tUk; jil gy vd;gjidf; fhl;Lk;
fhjYzh;T
Nghd;wNj
Mz;ltd;
Md;khf;
,jdpiltUk; jilAk; gy fhjypy; ngz;gLk; ghl;bidg;
Nghd;wNj> flTl; fhjypy; Md;kh gLk; Jd;gkhFk;.
Fwpg;gpl;l fhjy; fijapy; ePyf;Fapy; ftpQiu milaj; Jbf;f ,ilNa khLk;
Fuq;fk; jilahf tUfpd;wd.
,JNghd;Nw flTl;fhjypYk; ,ilNa ,uz;L
jilfs; te;J njhy;iy gLj;Jfpd;wd.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
15
kf;fs; fhjypy; ,iwf;fhj;jy;
ftpQh;fSf;Fk;>
fhjiyg;ghLfpd;wdh;.
Jwe;j
jj;Jt
QhdpfSk;
kf;fl;
fhjiyf;
flTl;
ghujpahh; mit ,uz;lidAk; Gwj;Jk; mfj;Jk; itj;Jg;
ghbAs;shh;.
Fapypd; fhjypy; khLk; Fuq;Fk; vjphpfshf te;jJ NghyNt flTl; fhjypYk;
,uz;L vjphpfs; te;jdh;.
kf;fl; gpwtpapy; kf;fl; fhjiyf; $Wk; ghujpahh;
khag;gpwtpapy; ,if;fhjiyf; $Wfpwhh;.
kyq;fSk;> kyePf;fKk;
Fapy; ftpQiu mila xl;lhky; jLg;gJ Fuq;Fk; khLkhfpa kyq;fs;.
mit ,uz;Lk; Md;kh ,iwtid mila Kbahjgb jLg;gd.
Mdhy; Fapy;
(Md;kh)
ePq;fg;
ftpQid
(Mz;ltid)
milAk;
NghJ
tho;fi
; fapy;>
Fuq;fd;
khld;
kyq;fs;
ngw;W
,d;gkilfpd;wJ.
khiaf; nfhs;if
Fapypd;
kha
,UtUk;
td;Ngahfpf;
Fuq;fhfTk; khlhfTk; Mfp> khiahahy; ngz;izf; Fapyhf;fpg; Ngijg;gLJ;jpj;
Jd;GWj;Jfpd;wdh;. mjhtJ fd;kk;> khia vd;Dk; ,uz;L kyq;fSk; Md;khit
khRgLj;jpj; Jd;gg;gLj;Jfpd;wd vd;gjhFk;.
Fapy;> Kdptdhy; jd;dpiy
czh;e;J> ftpQdhfpa Mz;ltidr; Nrh;e;J> kyk; ePq;fg;ngw;W ngz;ZUg; ngw;W
,d;gkile;jJ vd;gJ fij.
Ntjhe;jr; RUf;fk;
Ntjhe;jkhf tphpj;Jg; nghUSiuf;Fk; NghJ ‘Fapyhfpa Md;kh> Fuq;F khL
vd;Dk; kyq;fs; jUk; Jd;gq;fspypUe;J ePff
; g; ngw;W Mz;ltdhfpa ftpQid
mile;J Nghpd;g epiy milag; ngw;wJ’ vdyhk;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
16
FLk;g tpsf;F
ghujpjhrd;
fhiy kyh;e;jJ:
,sq;fjph; fpof;fpy; ,d;Dk; votpy;iy>
,uT Nghh;j;j ,Us;ePq;f tpy;iy.
MapDk;> Nfs;tpahy; mfYk; klikNghy;
es;spuT nkJtha; ele;Jnfhz; bUe;jJ>
njhl;b ePyj;jpy; Rz;zhk;G fye;j
fyg;ngd ,Us;jd; fl;Lf; Fiye;jJ>
Gyh;e;jplg; NghFk; nghOJ> fl;bypy;
kyh;e;jd me;j kq;ifapd; tpopfs;.
mts; vOe;jhs;:
J}f;fj; NjhL J}q;fp apUe;j
Cf;fKk; RWRWg; Gs;sKk; kq;if
vOe;jJk; vOe;jd ,Uif tPrp;
njsptpyhf; fUf;fypy; xspgLk; mts;tpop
Fsj;J ePhpy; Fjpf;Fk; nfz;ilkPd;!
Nfhykpl;lhs;:
rpd;djhfr; nra;ag;gl;l %f;Fj;jpf;F mjpy; xU rpwpa msT jq;fk; Nrh;j;J
xU rpd;d Kj;ij xl;l itj;jJ Nghd;W %f;Fj;jpf;F Kj;Jj; njhq;fy; ,Uf;fpd;w
xU rpW Jzpapidg; Nghd;wjhd rpwpa mstpy; vhpe;J nfhz;bUe;jJ tpsf;F
,utpw;fhf me;j tpsf;fpidj; J}z;Lfpd;w Fr;rpapid vLj;Jj; jd;Dila
nrq;fhe;js; Nghd;w if tpuy;fshy; nfhQ;rk; nghpa mstpy; vhpqr; nra;jhs;.
Kfk; fOtp jz;zPh; Kj;J Kj;jha; rpjWk;gb nra;jhs;. ngUf;fp> jz;zPh; njspj;J
mjid NkYk; mofhf;fp> mhprp khtpdhy; me;j ,lj;jpy; mofhd Nfhyk;
tiue;jhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fhiyg;ghl;L:
tPl;Ds; nrd;whs; ahopid vLj;jhs;> ‘thopa itak; thopa’ vd;w ghliy
,dpa goq;fspd; Ritapidg; Nghd;W ghl Muk;gpj;jhs;.
Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk;
mtSila fztdpd; fhJfspy; Eioe;J mth;fsJ epidtpy; fye;jjdhy;>
J}f;fk;
fiye;J
vOe;Jte;J
ghbf;
nfhz;bUe;j
mts;
vjphpy;
cl;fhh;e;J
nfhz;ldh;.
tPl;L Ntiyfs;:
mtd; tPl.;LNtiyfisr; nra;jhd;> gRkhl;bd; ghy; fwe;jhs;; tPl;ilr;
Rj;jk; nra;jhs;.
fOtpdhs;.
cztpw;F
ghj;jpuq;fisj; jq;fk;Nghy; xsptPrpLK;gbahfj; Nja;j;Jf;
jz;zPh; fpzw;wpypUe;J ,iwj;J epiwj;J itj;jhs;;
Ntz;ba
mg;gq;fisr;
Rl;L
vLj;J,
cld;
fhiy
Fbg;gjw;F
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fztDf;F cjtp:
te;j fzth; kfpOk; tz;zk;
Fsph;Gdy; fhl;bf; Fspf;fr; nrhy;ypj;
JspNjd; R+Ok; fsptz;L Nghy
md;gdpd; mofpa nghd;Dly; R+oe;J>
gpd;dpil Jts> Kd;dpd; Wjtp>
nts;Sil tphpj;J Nkdp Jilj;jgpd;
Foe;ijfl;Fj; njhz;L:
mLj;jjhf ‘gps;isfNs’ vd;W mts;mioj;jTld; fpspfs; Nghd;w mtsJ
Foe;ijfs; mts; mUfpy; te;J Nrh;e;jhh;fs;. Fspf;fitj;J mth;fsJ G+g;Nghd;w
nky;ya jd;ikAila mth;fsJ cly;Nky; gdpj;Jspfisg; Nghd;w glh;e;jpUe;j
ePhj
; ;Jspfisj;
Jilj;Jtpl;L>
kdjpy;
mjpf
md;G
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mth;fSf;F
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Nfl;lTld;> gwe;J te;j Foe;ijfs; miwapDs; Eile;J Mil mzpfis
Ml;lj;Jld; mzpe;J nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
18
fhiyAzT:
mLf;fisj; je;jp mDg;gpdhs; kq;if>
‘te;Njd;” vd;W kzhsd; te;jhd;;
‘te;Njhk;” vd;W te;jdh; gps;isfs;>
ge;jpapy; midtUk; Fe;jpdh; thpiraha;>
jioj;j thioj; jsphpiy jd;dpy;>
goj;njhL gilj;j gz;lk; cz;ldh;>
fha;r;rpa eWePh; fdptha;g ; gUfpdh;.
gs;spf;Fg; gps;isfs;:
‘vOq;fs;” vd;wds;> vOe;jdh;> Rtbia
xOq;Fw mLf;fp> ciulmzp tpj;J>
Gd;id ,iyNghy; Gijabr; nrUg;Gfs;
rpd;dh; fhypw; nrUfpr;> rpWFil
ifapy; je;J> ifnahL $l;bj;
ijay;> njUtiu jhDk; ele;J
gs;sp Nehf;fpj; js;shb elf;Fk;
gps;isfs; gpd;doF nts;sk; gUfpf;
fpiskh Wk;gRq; fpspNghy; Xb
mst shtpdhs; Ms dplj;jpy;!
filf;Fg; NghFk; fztd;:
fztd; fil itj;J kspif tpahghuk; nra;af; $batd;.
MfNt
fhiyg;gzpKbe;jTld; milf;Fr; nry;tjw;Fj; jahuhf Muk;gpj;jhd;.
mofhd
cilapidj; Njh;e;njLj;J mzp Muk;gpj;jhd;.
rl;ilapid mzptjw;fhf
vLj;jhd;. me;jr; rl;ilapy; Xl;ilAk;> fpoprYk; ,Ug;gjid mg;NghJjhd; mtd;
kidtpAk; fz;lhs;.
cldbahf mjid thq;fp ijay; ve;jpuj;jpy; cl;fhh;e;J
rLFL vd;W rj;jk; Nfl;Fk; gbahfj; ijj;Jf; nfhLj;jhs;.
mLj;jjhf mtDf;fhf Rl;bj; jahh; nra;J itf;fg;gl;l
ntw;wpiyr;
RUspid vLj;J te;jhs;. kidtpapd; ifapy; ntw;wpiyr; RUspidf; fz;lTld;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fztd; ‘,jd; tpiy vd;d? nrhy;tha;’ vd;W Nfl;lhd; mtNsh> ‘nghUSf;F
Vw;wgb nfhLq;fs; NghJk;’ vd;whs;.
mtspd; fhjYs;sk;:
fztDk; gps;isfSk; fpsk;gpa gpd;dh; jhd; fhiy cztpid cz;gjw;Fr;
nrd;whs;. mg;gj;Jld; rh;f;fiu Nrh;j;J rhg;gpl;lhs;.
gps;isfs; epidT:
gs;spf;Fr; nrd;wp Uf;Fk;
grq;fspy; rpwpa igad;>
Js;spf; Fjpj;J khd;Nghy;
njhlh;e;Njhb tPo;e;jhNdh> vd;(W)
cs;sj;jpy; epidj;jhs;; Mdhy;>
%j;jtd; cz;nld; nwz;zpj;
js;spdhs; mr;re; jd;id!
jho;thuk; nrd;whs; eq;if!
tPl;L Ntiyfs;:
mLj;jjhff;
njhlh;e;J
tPl;LNtiyfis
ftdpf;f
Muk;gpj;jhs;.
Xl;lilf;Nfhiyf; ifapy; vLj;J fUj;ijr; nrYj;jp vq;nfy;yhk; xl;lil cs;sJ
vd;W ghh;j;jhs;.
rpye;jp fl;bitj;j $Lfs;> fiuahdpd; Nfhl;ilfs; vd;W
vy;yhtw;iwAk; mofhfj; jl;bg; ngUf;fpj; J}a;ik vd;fpw murd; kl;Lk; Ml;rp
nra;Ak; gbahf tPl;il moF nra;jhs;> njhlh;e;J rl;ilfisj; ijj;jplyhk; vd;W
ijay; ve;jpuj;ijj; njhl;lhs; me;jg; ngz;.
ijay; Ntiy:
Mbf;nfhz; bUe;j ijaw;
nghwpapid mirf;Fk; Xh;if;
Xbf;nfhz; bUf;Fk; ijj;j
cilapid thq;Fk; Xh;if;
ghbf;nfhz; Nlap Uf;Fk;
ghitapd; jhk iutha;;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ehbf; nfhz; Nlap Uf;Fk;
Fbj;jd eyj;ij neQ;rk;!
kur;rhkhd;fs; gOJ ghh;j;jy;:
Kbe;jJ ijay; Ntiy
Kd; cs;s kur;rh khd;fs;
xbe;jit. gOJ ghh;j;jhs;;
cspapdhy; rPtpg; G+rpg;
gbe;Js;s mOf;F ePf;fpg;
gsg;gsg; ghf;fp itj;jhs;.
nfhy;Y}w;W Ntiy:
,be;Js;s Rth; vLj;jhs;>
Rz;zhk;ghy; Nghiu ghh;j;jhs;.
mLj;jhf tPl;by; cs;s Rth;fspy; ,be;Jk;> JisahfTk;> rpije;Jk; fple;j
,lq;fis G+rpnkOfp Rz;zhk;gpy; kiwj;J moF nra;jhs;.
khkd; khkpf;F tuNtw;G:
tPl;bd; Ntiyfisnay;yhk; ,ts; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNghNj mtSila
khkdhUk; khkpahUk; te;J Nrh;e;jhh;fs;.
mth;fisg; ghh;j;jTld; kdj;jpy;
kfpo;rr
; pAld; Ntfkhfg; gwg;gJ Nghd;W Xbte;J njUtpy; epd;W mth;fSf;F
tzf;fk; $wp tho;j;jp mth;fis tuNtw;whs;.
njhlh;e;J ‘vd;Dila ehj;jdhh;
ed;whf ,Uf;fpd;whh;fsh khkp?’ vd;W jd;Dila khkpahiug; ghh;j;Jf; Nfl;lhs;.
khkdhUk;> khkpahUk; tz;bapypUe;J ,wq;fp te;jTld; fw;fz;bidg; Nghd;
,dpikahd jq;fSila kUkfisg; ghh;j;J mtSf;F ,dpikahfg; gjpy; $wp>
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itj;jpLk;gbf; $wpdhh;fs;.
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gj;jpukhf ,wf;fpdhs;.
khkp khks; thq;fp te;jit:
nfhQ;rehs; Kd;thq; fpl;l
Fk;gNfh zj;Jf; $rh>
kQ;rs;> Fq; Fkk;> fz; zhb>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ikitj;j jfug;ngl;b>
nrQ;rhe;jpd; rPrh> nrhk;G
ntw;wpiyr; rPtw; ngl;b>
,Q;rpapd; %l;il xd;Nw>
vYkpr;irr; rpwpa Nfhzp>
Gjpa jtiyfs; ehd;F> nghk;ikfs;> ,Uk;Gg; ngl;b> nrUg;Gfs;> Foe;ijfs;
tpisahLk; kur;rhkhd;fs;> vjw;Fk; xd;Wf;F ,uz;lha; tPl;by; fplf;fl;Lk; vd;W
thq;fp te;j ney;Fj;Jk; kuf;Fe;jhzp (cuy;)>
jiyaiz> nkj;ijf;fl;L> ry;yil GjpaKwq;fs;> vypiag;gpbf;Fk; fUtp>
jhok; gha;fs;> ,th;fs; trpf;fpd;w gFjpfspy; fpilf;fhj ,Yg;g vz;nza;
nghLtha;f; fj;jp> ,l;lypj;jl;L Fz;lhd;> fyg;glkpy;yhj ey;y ey;nyz;iza;>
ifCd;Wk; jb> nre;jhok;G+.
jpUkzk; te;jhy; Ntz;Lk;
nrk;kuj; jpdpy;Kf; fhyp
xUfhRr; nfhd;W tPjk;
fpilj;jgr; rhprp khq;fha;;
tUk;khjk; nghq;fy; khjk;
Mjyhy; tpsf;F khW>
ghprha;r; rk;ge;jp je;j
ghjhsr; ruL> Njq;fha;;
%iyf;F %iy tl;lk; Nghl;L %lg;gl;l Nky; ciwAk;> RUf;Fg; igAk;>
FilAk; fWg;Gepwj;jpyhd Njhy;igapy; fhfpjj;jpy; fw;wg;gl;L itf;fg;gl;bUe;j
%f;Ff; fz;zhb vd;W vLj;Jitj;j vy;yhg; nghUs;fisAk; kPdpidg; Nghd;w
fz;fis cila mts; ghh;j;J tpl;L mth;fsplk; Ngr Muk;gpj;jhs;.
kUkfs; tpdh
‘,itnay;yhk; tz;bf; FsNs
,Ue;jd vd;whs;> me;j
mitf;fsk; jdpNy eptPh;
vq;Fjhd; mkh;e;jp Ue;jPh;?
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Ritg;Gsp milj;J itj;j
Njhz;bd; cl;G wj;jpy;
fth;e;Jz;Zk; G+r;rp fl;Fk;
fhy;itf;f ,lkp uhNj!”
khkp tpil:
vd;wds;. khkp nrhy;ths;;
‘,itfspd; cr;rp kPjpy;
Fd;WNky; Fuq;F Nghy
vd;widf; Fe;j itj;jhh;;
vd;jiy epkpu> tz;b
%bNky; nghj;j ypl;lhh;;
cd;khkd; ele;J te;jhh;
Cnuy;yhk; rphpj;j” njd;whs;.
khkd; Ngr;R:
‘Cnuy;yk; rphpf;f itj;Njd;
vd;whNs cd;wd; khkp!
‘ahnuy;yhk; rphpj;Jtpl;lhh;?’
vdcd;wd; khkpiaf; Nfs;.
ghuk;kh gOj;j ey;y
gr;irth iog;g oq;fs;!
NehpNy ,jid Ak;ghh;.
gRkhl;L nea;apd; nkhe;ij.
tz;bapy; vt;tp lj;jpy;
itg;gJ? Nkd;ik ahd
gz;lj;ijf; fhg;g jw;Fg;
gf;Ftk; njhpe;jp Ue;jhy;
Kz;lk;,g; gbr;nrhy; thsh?
vd;djhd; KOfpg; NghFk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mz;ilapy; ele;J te;jhy;”
vd;wdd; mUik khkd;.
,th;fs; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj khkdhh; nfhz;L te;j nghUl;fis
vy;yhk; thpirahf vLj;J itj;jhs;. rikayiwapy; rikg;gjw;F Kd;dh; vd;d
rikg;gJ vd;W rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;jhs; fztDf;F vJ gpbf;Fk;? Foe;ijfs; ve;j
fha;fis tpUk;gp rhg;gpLthh;fs;?
Nfhy;fs; Cd;wp elf;Fk; tajhd khkdhh;
khkpahUf;Fk; clk;gpw;F Vw;w czT vJ?
xj;jf;nfhs;shJ
vd;nwy;yhk;
rpe;jpj;J
czT tiffspy; vJ ahh; clk;gpw;F
vy;yhf;
fha;fwpfspYk;
mth;fisNa
ghh;j;jhs;.
rikay; Kbe;jJ.
nghhpay; tifNah G+idapd; fz;izg; Nghd;W
xsptPrpLk;
gbahf
kzKk;
RitAk;>
nfhz;bUe;jJ.
epidf;fkhl;lhs;> mzpfyd;fis tpUk;gkhl;lhs;>
nghUis
nghpjhf
jd;id kze;jtDila
md;gpidNa jd;Dila caph; vd;W epidf;Fk;gbahd md;G cilats;; tWj;J
,wf;fp itj;jpUe;j cUisf;fpoq;fpy; jd;Dila fztDf;Fk; mjpfkhd Mir
vd;gjid vz;zpa cld; nkJthfr; rphpj;Jf;nfhz;lhs;.
vjph; fhy epidTfs;:
,spthOk; ehs;ep idj;jhs;
,isath; khkd; khkp;
edp,uq; fpLjy; Ntz;Lk;;
ehdth;f; fd;id Nghy;Ntd;
vdjj;jhd; jidAk; ngw;W
tho;e;jehs; vz;Zk; Nghjpy;
jdpf;fld; cilNad;> ehNdhh;
jto;gps;is mth;fl; nfd;whs;.
fpoq;F tifapyhd cztpid ed;whf Ntfitj;jhs;. fPiuapidf; file;J
itj;jhs;.
nfhOj;j fha;fis vLj;J gr;rb
itj;jhs;.
Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j
KUq;iff; fhia Njhiyr; rPtp gy;ypYk; cjl;bYk; nkd;W tpOq;fpLk; tifapy;
rikj;J Ntz;ba vy;yhtw;iwAk; nra;J Kbj;jhs;.
KjpatUf;Fj; Jiz:
J}q;fp khkd;> ‘mk;kh
J}f;nfd;id” vd;W nrhy;y
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Vq;fpNa Xb khkd;
,Uf;fpd;w epiyik fz;L
tPq;fpa fhiyg; ghh;j;jhs;
‘vOe;jpl Ntz;lhk;!” vd;whs;;
jhq;fpNa kUe;J G+rpr;
rhpf;fl;bg; gLf;f itj;jhs;;
mtuJ iffisj; njhl;L ehbapidg; gpbj;Jg; ghh;j;J nfhQ;rk; fha;r;ry;
([{uk;) cs;sJ vd;Wf; $wp > mjw;Fk; cs;Ns KOq;Fk; gbahd kUe;J nfhLj;jhs;.
mjw;Fs;
mtsJ
khkpahs;
vdf;Fk;
jiytypf;fpd;wJ
vd;wTld;>
kUe;Jf;
nfhLj;J mtuJ Neha; Jd;gj;ijAk; gw;W Nghl;L xNu nehbapy; kiwe;jpl nra;J
tpl;lhs;.
ms;sp mizj;jhs; gps;isfis:
Foe;ijfs; gs;sp tpl;L
te;jhh;fs;; FUtpf; $l;lk;
,oe;jey; Yhpik jd;id
va;jpNa kfpo;t ijg;Nghy;>
toe;NjhLk; GJnts; sj;ij
tuNtw;Fk; cot iug;Nghy;>
vOe;Njhb kf;fs; jk;ik
Ve;jpdhs; ,Uif ahYk;!
jiytp nrhd;d GJr; nra;jp:
md;iwf;F kzk;G hpe;j
mofpNahd; tPL te;jhd;;
,d;iwf;F kzk;G hpe;jhs;
vDk;gb neQ;rpy; md;G
Fd;whj tpopahy;> md;gd;
Fsph;tpop jd;idf; fz;lhs;;
‘xd;Wz;L Nrjp” vd;whs;;
‘ciu” vd;whd;. ‘mk;kh> mg;gh”
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
25
je;ijjha; fz;L ‘cq;fs;
js;shj gUte; jd;dpy;
iee;jpLk; tz;zk; ePq;fs;
ele;jpl yhkh?”
KjpNahh;f;F:
‘ey;y ,dpikahd ,sikf; fhyj;ij mile;J kfpo;e;J tpl;Bh;fs;. fy;tpAk;
ey;y xOf;fKk; mile;jPhf
; s;.
tho;f;ifapidAk;
fz;Ltpl;Bh;fs;.
NkYk; cz;ikahd fhjYila ,dpa jpUkz
ngw;whP ;fs;.
,y;ywj;jpidAk;
ed;whf
elj;jp
ntw;wp
kf;fisAk; ngw;wPh;fs;> cyfpy; cs;s tho;tpd; ,d;gq;fisAk;
mile;jPhf
; s;> vd;dhy; VjhtJ Fiw cq;fSf;F ,Uf;fpd;wjh? Vd; ,d;Dk;
,g;gbg;gl;lj; Jd;gq;fis mile;jPh;fs;?’
,sik mjph;fpd;w fhyq;fspy; nra;a Ntz;ba mwr; nray;fisr; nra;J>
,g;NghJ KJik tUfpd;w fhyj;jpy; kf;fsplk; Ml;rpg; nghW;gpidg; Nghd;W vy;yhg;
nghWg;GfisAk; gps;isfsplk; nfhLj;J tpl;L> ve;j tifahd Jd;gq;fSk;
vjph;te;J njhy;iy juhj gbahfTk; gps;isfisAk;> Nguf;Foe;ijfisAk; fz;L
kdjpdhy; kfpo;e;J tho;fpd;w ,lNk tPlhFk;> vd;W $wpdhs;.
gps;is $wpa nra;jpfis vy;yhk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j mtdJ je;ij
cztpid cz;gjw;Fr; nry;.
Foe;ijfisAk; cz;zr; nrhy; vd;whh; je;ij.
mtDk; mjidf;Nfl;L ey;yJ mg;gh vd;W $wp te;J rhg;gpl mkh;e;jhd; md;G
nra;J kfpOk;gbahf midtiuAk; mkh;j;jp mth;fs; kfpOk;gbahf tpUe;J Nghy
cztpidj; je;J cz;Zk;gbahfr; nra;jhs;.
aho; vLj;jhs;:
Fsph;tpop ,se ifg;> G+q;
Foypdhs; Fe;jp dhs;; jd;
jspUly; aho;c lk;G
jOtpd; ,U Fuy;fs;
xspAk;ey; thDk; Mfp
cytpLk; ,irj;Njh; Vwpj;
‘njspjkpo;” gtdp te;jhs;>
nrtpf;nfy;yhk; fhl;rp je;jhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
26
jd; cs;sj;jpy; vOjp itj;jpUe;j ftpijf;F caph; nfhLj;jjidg; Nghd;W
ghl Muk;gpj;jhs;.
mtsJ ,dpa ,irapidf; Nfl;L mtsJ fztd; jd;id
kwe;J kfpo;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
filapd; eilKiw:
ky;ypia msg;ghh;; nfhk;G
kQ;ris epWg;ghh;; nea;fF
; r;
nrhy;ypa tpiyF iwf;fr;
nrhy;Ythh;; nfhs;r uf;fpd;
ey;ypay; njhifnfh Lg;ghh;;
rhjpf;fha; epWf;fr; nrhy;thh;;
nty;yk; vd;nwhU Foe;ij
tpuy;ePl;Lk; filf;F te;jhs;.
fztdplk; fzf;F xg;Gtpj;jhs;:
nfhz;lts; te;jhd;; fz;fs;
Fsph;e;jplf; fz;lhs;; ‘mj;jhd;
fz;Ls;s fzf;fpd; tz;zk;
ruf;Ffs; fld;je; jhh;f;Fj;
jz;lYk; nfhLj;Njd;; tpw;W
Kjypidj; jdpNa itj;Njd;;
cz;lq;F Ntiy” vd;Nw
ciuj;jds;; tPL nrd;whs;.
flw;fiuapy;:
rpw;Wz tspj;jhs;; gpd;G
jpiuflw; fiuia ehb>
ngw;w jd; kf;fs; R+og;
ngUtPjp Xu khfg;
nghw;nfhb glh;e;jhs; Njidg;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
27
nghope;jpL G+f;f NshL!
tw;whj nts;sf; fhl;bd;
kzw;fiu Xuk; te;jhs;!
flw;; fhw;W:
flypilg; Gdypy; Mbf;
Fsphpdpw; fdpe;j fhw;iw
clyp ilg;G+R fpd;w
xspflw; fiuapd; Xuk;
mlh;fpw fd;dg; Gl;fs;
mzpNghy miye lf;Fk;
eilnahL ele;J tPL
ez;zpdhs; kf;f NshL.
,uTf;F tuNtw;G:
me;j ,uTg; ngz;iz tuNtw;f ek; ,y;yj;jpypUe;j jiytp tpsf;fpid Vw;wp
te;J njUtpdpy; itj;J tuNtw;whs;.
NkYk; tPl;bd; cs;Ns nrd;W mq;Fs;s
vy;yh tpsf;FfisAk; xsp tPRk; gbahf Vw;wpdhs;. gpd;dh; xU nghpa ghidapy;
neUg;gpl;L rhk;gpuhzp Nghd;w thrk; tUk;gb Gif cz;lhf;fpdhs;. nghpath;fs;
vy;NyhUk; ed;whf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vy;yhtw;iwAk; vz;ZtJ Nghd;W
me;jg;Gif me;j tPl;bd; vy;yhg; gFjpapYk; epiwe;jJ.
mj;jhid vjph;ghh;f;fpd;whs;:
fl;Lf;Fs; mlq;fh jhbf;
fdpe;jpLk; jdJ nry;tr;
rpl;Lf;fs;> Rtbf; Fs;Ns
nre;jkpo;j; jPdp cz;z
tpl;Lg;> gpd; mLf;f isf;F
mKjj;ij tpisT nra;jhs;
vl;Lf;F kzpm bf;f
mj;jid vjph;ghh;f; fpd;whs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
28
fl;by; moF:
rpq;fj;jpd; fhy;fs; ehd;F jhq;Ftjidg; Nghd;W fl;by; mike;jpUe;jJ.
mjd; Nky; cs;s gQ;riz jiyaizf;s vy;yhtw;iwAk; jl;b tphpj;jhs;. ,uz;L
njUf;fisj; jhz;b kzk; tPRk; gbahd re;jdj;jpd; thrj;jpid ghj;jpuj;jpy;
fiuj;J itj;Js;sjid vLj;J tUtjidg; Nghd;W njd;wy; tUtjw;F Vw;w
tifapy; rd;diyj; jpwe;J itj;jhs;.
kiyasT nry;tk; Nghd;wj; jd;Dila
fztdpd; tutpidg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
Foe;ijfs; J}q;fpagpd;:
,uTg; nghOjpy; my;ypfs; jd; ,jo;fis %btpLk; ,utpy; mj;jifa
kyh;fisg; Nghd;w fz; ,ikfis %bagb mtSila Foe;ijfs; J}q;f
Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;.
fjitj; jhopl;lhs;:
fz;LgLf; ifj;jpUj;jp ciljpUj;jpf;>
fhw;wpy;yhg; NghjpdpNy tprpwp tPrp>
tz;Ltpop jpwf;FnkhU Foe;ij ‘jz;zPh;
it’ vd;Dk;> xd;W jiy J}f;fpg; ghh;f;Fk;
gz;bjh;fs; goq;fijapd; Xl;ilf; nfy;yhk;
gzpf;ifaply; Nghy; midj;Jk; jzpf;ifnra;Nj
xz;gR> ew;fd;Wf;F itf;Nfhy; <e;Nj
cl;fjT> ntspf;fjtpd; jho;m ilj;jhs;.
fl;byz;il kq;if:
tpbaw;fhiyapUe;J
njhlh;e;J
gynray;fs;
,e;j
,uT
Neuk;
nra;fpd;Nwhk;.
tiuapYk;
Mdhy;
ed;ikf;fhf kl;LNk nra;ag; gl;lit MFk;.
mit
ehk;
mLf;fLf;fha;
vy;yhNk
ek;Kila
,JtiuapYk; ehk; nghJeyj;Jld;
vd;d nra;Js;Nshk;? nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;W $l ehk; epidj;Jf;$l ghh;ff
; tpy;iy.
jkpo; gbf;fNtz;Lk; vy;yhUk;:
‘mg;gbah! mwpahj gbahy; nrhd;Ndd;>
ee;jkpoh; gbg;gbaha; Kd;Ndw; wj;ij
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
29
vg;gbah apDk;ngw;W tpl;lhy; kf;fs;
,g;gbNa fPo;g;gbapy; ,uhh;f sd;Nwh?
nka;g;gbek; kwpQhpd; nrhw; gbe le;jhy;>
Nkw;gbahy; nrg;gb tpj;ij gwf;Fk;>
Kw;gby; MfhjJz;lh? vg;g bf;Fk;
Kjw;gbaha;j; jkpo;gbf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;whs;.
jkpo;ehL jiyJ}f;f capiuAk; jUNtd;:
‘,oe;jgok; Gfo;kPs Ntz;Lk; ehl;by;
vy;NyhUk; jkpoh;fsha; tho Ntz;Lk;>
tope;njhOFk; Ritj;jkpNo ngUf Ntz;Lk;>
khw;wyh;fs; Vkhw;wk; njhiya Ntz;Lk;>
tpOe;jkpo; ehLjiy J}f;f vd;wd;
caph;jidNa Ntz;bbDk; jUNtd;” vd;whd;;
‘gok;,LNtd; rh;f;fiug;ghy; thh;g;Ngd; cq;fs;
gz;ghLk; tha;jpwg;gPh; mj;jhd;” vd;whs;.
tpUe;Njhk;gy;
jiytd; filf;Fr; nrd;whd;:
jiytp tpUe;jpdiu tuNtw;whs;:
tpUe;jpdh; tuit khkd; khkpf;F...
te;j
tpUe;jpdh;fs;
mtisg;ghh;j;J
jq;fSila
kyh;Nghd;w
thapd;
,jo;fis tphpj;J ‘vd;Dila jha; Nghd;wtNs. ehq;fs; te;jTld;> vq;fis
cl;fhu itj;J tapW Kl;Lk; mstpw;F czTfisf; nfhLj;jha;. gyhg;goj;jpidg;
Nghd;W vq;fSila tapW cd; cgrhpg;ghy; ngUj;J tpl;lJ mNjhL kl;Lkpd;wp
epytpidg; Nghd;w gyfhuq;fisAk; nfhLj;jha;.
mjidAk; ehq;fs; rhg;gpl;L
tpl;Nlhk;. ,g;NghJ jhd; mikjpahf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;’ vd;W $wpdhh;fs;. mjidf;
Nfl;l mts; ‘mg;gbah! vd;W $wpagb nfhQ;rNeuk; vdf;F mDkjp nfhLq;fs;.
cq;fSila mUikahd Njhoiug; ngw;nwLj;j vd;Dila khkdhh; khkpahh;
cs;Ns ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;. mth;fsplk; ePq;fs; te;Js;s nra;jpapidr; nrhy;yp tpl;L
tUfpd;Nwd;’ vd;W $wpdhs;. mtuJ kidtp kyf;Foyp mk;ikahUk; mth;fsJ
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
30
kfd; ehtuRk; kfs; eifKj;Jk; midtUk; te;Js;shh;fs;’ vd;W khkdhh; Nfl;Fk;
gbahff; $wpdhs;.
khkd; khkp kfpo;r;rp:
tpUe;jpdh; te;j nra;jpiaf; Nfl;l khkdhh; kfpo;rr
; pAld; te;jhh;fsh?
kpFe;j
kfpo;r;rpm
k;kh
te;jth;fisg;
ghh;g;gjw;Nfh
kfpo;rr
; pahfg; NgRk; gbahfNth ehd; ,y;iy.
Nfl;ljha; nrhy;.
Ntz;baijr; nra;jpL.
my;yJ
mth;fsplk;
tpUe;jpdh;fsplk; ehd; kd;dpg;Gf;
ey;y jkpoh;fspd; GfOf;Ff; fhuzk;
mth;fs; te;j tpUe;jpdiu jq;fSila caph; Nghd;W kfpo;e;J cgrhpj;jy; gz;Ng
MFk;.
khkp kUkfSf;F:
‘Kd;itj;j Kj;Jj;
japhpUf;Fk;>-gpd;diwapy;
gz;zpaq;fs; kpf;fpUf;Fk;
goik glhj
ntz;nza; tpsq;fha;
mstpUf;Fk; -fz;Nz>
kwf;fpDk; mk;khntd; (W)
Xjp kbg;ghy;
fwf;fg; gRf;fhj;
jpUf;Fk; -rpwf;fNt
Nryj;jpd; mq;fhbr;
Nrapioahh; ehs;NjhWk;
Ntiyf; fpilapy;
kpff;fUj;jha; - Njhypy;
fye;j Risgpire;J
fhaitj;J tpw;Fk;
,ye;ijtil tPl;by;
,Uf;Fk; - kype;JePh;
gha;efh; Nfhapy;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
31
gyhr;Risapd; tw;wypidg;
Ngha;ePghh; ghidapNy
nghd;NghNy! - Nja;gpiwNghy;
nfhj;jtiu tw;wy;Kjy;
nfhl;bitj;Njd;. fps;spNa
itj;jtiu cz;Lgpd;
itahikf;-Fj;Jd;gk;.
gapw;wk; gUg;gpdhy; nra;ag;gl;l ghFNghd;w ghahrk; tifahd czTf;Fk;
nea;apid Cw;w Ntz;Lk;.
fha;r;rg; ngw;w urj;jpDf;Fk; ghar cztpw;Fk; ey;y
njhd;idfis itj;J mth;fs; thapy; mUe;Jk; tifapy; ghpkhwplNtz;Lk;.
ed;F Rj;jkhfj; Jitf;fg;gl;l Jz;bidAk; nfhLj;J ‘<uj;jpidj; Jilj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;’ vd;W $wNtz;Lk;.
NkYk; mth;fs; G+rpf;nfhs;s re;jdk;
nfhLj;J> ntw;wpiy - ghf;FfisAk; nfhLj;J> tprpwpahy; tPrp tplNtz;Lk;
nkd;ikahdtNs vd;W khkpahh; $wpKbj;jhh;.
jiytp tpUe;jpdhplk;:
fhy;typAk; fhzhf;
fdpnkhopahs; - Nty;tpopia
kpf;f kfpo;r;rp
jOt tpilngw;Wj;
jf;f tpUe;jpdh;ghy;
jhd; nrd;Nw‘xf;Fk;vd;
md;Gs;s mk;khNt>
IahNt> mk;KjpNahh;
vd;G nkype;jhh;
vOe;JtUk; - td;ikapyhh;
jha;te;jhs; je;ijte;jhd;
vd;Wiuf;fj; jhd;Nfl;lhy;
Nra;te;J fhZk; mthj;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
32
jPh;thNdh-thA+wpg;
cq;fisf; fhz;gjw;F tu ,ayhikia vz;zp tUe;jp - cq;fsplk;
kd;dpg;Gj; juKbAkh? vd;W Nfl;L tUe;jpdhh;fs; vd;W $wpdhs; me;j ,y;yj;jpd;
jiytp.
jiytpf;F tpUe;jpdh;:
‘ed;Wiuj;jPh; ehq;fs; Ngha;f;
fhZfpd;Nwhk;” - vd;Wiuj;jdh;.
jiytp $wpajidf;Nfl;l tpUe;jpdh;fs;> ‘ed;whf ,af;fpd;wJ ePq;fs;
nrhy;tJ; ehq;fNs Ngha; me;j tajhdth;fisg; ghhf;fpd;Nwhk;’ vd;W $wpdhh;fs;.
tpUe;jpdh; mkh;e;jpl miwapidj; jahh; nra;jhs;:
md;G tpUe;jpdh;fs;
mq;F tUtjidj;
jd;khkd; khkpahh;ghy;
rhw;wpNa-gpd;dh;
miwia kpfj;J}a;ik
Mf;fp> mku
epiwaehw; fhyp
neLk;gha; - cwmikj;Jr;
‘nry;Yf! ePh”; vd;Wiuj;jhs;
nry;tp; tpUe;jpdh;fs;
nry;yYw;whh; nrd;Nw
tzf;fnkd;W - nrhy;yYw;whh;.
jiytp tpUe;J te;j ngz;zhsplk;:
epd;wpUe;j tPl;bd;
neLe;jiytp - ed;Nw
tpUe;Jte;j ngz;ghy;
tpUk;gpa tz;zk;
,Ue;njhUghy; Ngrp
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
33
,Ue;jhs; - nghUe;jNt
mth;fs; gf;fj;jpy; epd;Wnfhz;bUe;j me;j tPl;bd; jiytp> jd;Dila
tP;l;bw;F te;Js;s tpUe;jpdhpy; me;jg; ngz;zplk; xUgf;fk; ey;yKiwapy; tpUk;gpa
nra;jpfisg; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
ehtuRk; eifKj;Jk;:
ehtuRk; Kj;jhs;
eifKj;Jk; tPjpapNy
G+tur ePoypNy
Ngha; mkh;e;jhh;
ehtuRk; eif Kj;JTk; njUtpy; ,Ue;j G+turk; kuj;jpd; epoypy; Ngha;
cl;fhh;e;jhh;fs;.
-khturh;
jk;Nrjp $wpg;gpd;
jq;fSly; Kd;idtplf;
nfhQ;rjk; ,isg;ngd;W
$wplNtehturh; jd;Dila nra;jpfis vy;yhk; $wpa gpd;dh; jq;fSila cly;
Kd;ig tplTk; nfhQ;rk; ,isj;Jtpl;lJ vd;W $wpdhh;.
Kjpath;jk; gioa epidg;G:
mjidf; Nfl;lTld;> ,d;Dk; $l kPjpahf ek;Kila ,sikg;gUtk;
,Uf;Fkh? vd;W fpoth; $wpdhh;.
,g;NghJ cs;s ,e;j rl;il Kd;dh; ijj;j
mstpy; %d;wpy; xd;Wjhd; cs;sJ. %q;fpy; Nghd;W tise;J tpl;lJ vd;Dila
vYk;Gfs;.
kpd;Dk; khtpiyapd; jsph;Nghd;W kpd;df;nfhz;bUe;j vd;Dila
clk;G ,g;NghJ jsjsntd;Wj; jsh;e;J tpl;lJ. ,sikapd; mofpid vy;yhk; ehk; ,g;nghJ epidj;jhYk;> ek;Kila typikahyd Njhs;fsh ,g;gbnay;yhk;
,Ue;jJ? nray;Ghpe;jJ? vd;W vdf;Nf re;Njfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
,sikg;gUtk;
vd;gJ fhl;lhw;wpid Nghd;wJ my;yth? mg;NghJ ele;j rpy epfo;rr
; pfisf;
$Wfpd;Nwd; NfSq;fs;; vdg; gy nra;jpfis $wpdhh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
34
,y;ywNk ey;ywk;:
JwT tho;f;if gpbf;fhJ vd;W $w;pa Kjpath;> mjw;Fhpa fhuzj;jpidAk;
nrhy;y Muk;gpj;jhh;.
‘jhd; kl;Lk; jdpahf ,Ue;J ,d;gk; mila KbAkh?
ey;yNjd; Nghd;w ,dpf;Fk; ,jo;fis cila xu ngz;zpd; Jizapy;yhky; xU
Foe;ijapd; ,d;gj;jpidAk; ehk; mila KbahJ. cyfpy; cs;s nray;fspd; %yk;
,d;gj;jpid miltjd;wp> cyfj;ijj; Jwe;j JwT tho;f;ifapy; ,d;gk; Vw;gLkh?
cwtpdh;fs; vd;W nrhy;gth;fSk; vdf;Fj; Njitapy;iy.
cs;sth;fSk;
Njitapy;iy.
ve;j
tpjkhd
GfOk;
,e;j Chpy;
vdf;F
Ntz;lhk;.
fw;wwpe;jth;fspd; njhlh;ghy; Vw;gLk; ,d;gKk; vdf;F Ntz;bajpy;iy ghh;j;Jg;
ghh;j;J kfpo;e;jpl tpUk;gp vd;idg; ngw;nwLj;j jha; je;ijah;fSk; vdf;F
Ntz;bajpy;iy.
jkpOk; Ntz;lhk; ek;Kil jha; ehl;bid Xa;tpd;wp cioj;J
cah;e;jplr; nra;jpLk; typikAk; vdf;F Ntz;bajpy;iy.
fz;> %f;F> tha;> clk;G> fhJ vd;fpw Ik;Gyd;fSk; Nja;e;J jd;Dila
nray;ghLfis ,oe;J ,e;j cly; jsh;e;J Nghfpd;w epiyapy; fpilf;ff; $ba
Nghpd;gk; jhd; vdf;F Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wgth;fs; nrhy;tJ ,y;yhky; NtW
ve;jg;gaidAk; mth;fs; milatpy;iy.
vq;fSf;Ff;
fhl;bLq;fs;;
vd;W
mg;gbahuhtJ ,Ue;jhy; mth;fis
Nfl;lhy;
‘tho;e;jth;fs;
ghh;ff
; tpy;iy>
ghh;j;jth;fs; thotpy;iy’ vd;W $wp xUnghpa KO G+rdpf;fhapid ,iyapy; cs;s
Nrhw;wpy; ed;whf kiwf;f Kay;fpd;whh;fs;.
ehl;Lf;Fj; njhz;L:
topKiwfshy;
ahUf;F
ed;ik
cz;lhFk;>
cLf;fpd;w
cilf;Fk;>
cztpDf;Fk; cwq;Ftjw;Fk; jq;Ftjw;Fk; Ntz;ba ,lj;jpidAk; ngWtjw;F
Ntz;baJ gzk;. mjid miltjw;F Ntz;baJ xU njhopy;. Mdhy; mjw;Fk;
topapy;iy.
vy;NyhUk;
fy;tp mwptpidg; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;W epidf;ff; $ba ahtUf;Fk;
fy;tp
ngWk;
tifapyhd
fy;tpepiyaq;fs;
,y;iy.
Nfl;lhy;
mjw;FNtz;ba mstpyhd nghUs; ,y;iy vd;W fy;tpj;Jiwapy; $Wfpd;whh;fs;.
nrk;ikahd
jkpopid
cila
,isQh;fSf;F
nra;Ak;
chpikfpilahJ.
vy;NyhUk; xNu tifapdh;jhk; vd;w vz;zk; ,d;Dk; ahUf;Fk; cah;thd epiyapy;
tsutpy;iy. xw;Wikjhd; ed;ikapidj; jUk; vd;fpw vz;zKk; nray;gltpy;iy.
,d;iwf;F ,e;j cyfk; KOtJk; ek; jkpoh;fspd; thof;ifahdJ kw;wth;fshy;
ntWf;Fk;gbahd epiyapNyNa cs;sJ.
,jidf; fz;l gpd;Gk; $l ,d;Wk; ek;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
35
ehl;by; rha;ghghtpd; ngaiur; nrhy;yp nghUis jl;bg; gwpf;fpd;w epiyAk;
ghghtpd; mUs; epiyfs; vd;Wr; nrhy; Vkhw;Wfpd;w tha;thh;j;ijfSk; ,itNghy
gy nray;fs; eilngWfpd;wd.
,itkl;Lkpd;wp xof;fj;jpid gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. nghwhikf; Fzk; ek;kplk;
,Ue;jhy; mJ ek; ehl;bidNa ehk; ,oe;J tpLtjw;F tif nra;JtpLk;.
,jpy;
ngha;apy;iy. kf;fsplj;jpy; cah;T jho;T vd;fpw kdg;ghd;ik khwNtz;Lk;.
fhjy; tho;f;if:
epiyapy;yhky;
miyfpd;w
jd;ikAila
kdjpidf;
fth;e;jtspd;
cs;sj;jpdpy; jhDk; fth;tJ fye;J nts;sk; nts;sj;Jld; fye;jjidg; Nghd;W
cah;e;j epiyapy; nghq;fp topAk;gbahd md;Gepiyapy; ,UtUk; fye;J jpUkzk;
nra;jpLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
mj;jifa jpUkzKk; gioa fhyj;jpyhd jpUkzKiw
vd;Wk; me;jzh;fisf; nfhz;L nra;ag;gLfpd;w midj;J epiyfisAk; fle;J
gjpTj; jpUkzk; epfo;j;JtNj rpwg;ghFk;. ,J ek;Kila flikahFk;.
me;j kztho;fi
; fapy; md;ghy; mtSk; mtDk; ,ize;J thoNtz;Lk;.
mjpy; mtSf;F vjhfpYk; Jd;gk; Vw;gLfpd;wNghJ me;jj; Jd;gk; mtDf;F
te;jjhf mtDk;> mtDf;F VjhtJ Jd;gk; Vw;gLfpd;wNghJ me;jj; Jd;gk; jdf;F
Vw;gl;ljhf
mtSk;
vz;zplNtz;Lk;
mg;gbg;gl;l
,e;pj
Ritahd
,d;gk;
jUfpd;w tho;tpidj;jhd; ey;yth;fs; - Jd;gkpy;yhj fhjy; tho;f;if vd;W
$wpAs;shh;fs;.
mg;gbg;gl;ljhd fhjy; jhd; rhfpd;w tiuf;Fk; jioj;J Xq;fp
epw;Fk;.
fhjy; nfhz;lth;fspd; tho;f;ifapy; VjhtJ mth;fSf;Fs; Jd;gk; Vw;gl;L
kdjpy; NtWghLfs; Njhd;wp mth;fSf;fpilNa gpsT Vw;gl;Ltpl;lJ.
vd;whYk;
me;jg; ngz; NtW xU Mltid kze;jpLtjw;F mDkjp mspf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thNw MltDk; NtW xU ngz;iz kze;J nfhs;syhk;.
kzkf;fshf
cs;sth;fs;
kdjpy;
vg;NghJk;
epidtpy;
$btho;fpd;w
nfhs;s
Ntz;baJ
vd;nwd;Wk; epiyj;j ,d;gj;Jld; $b ,y;ywj;jpy; tho;e;jpLtJjhd; MFk;.
kf;fl;NgW:
ey;ykf;fs;
$Wfpd;Nwd;.
nry;tj;ijg;
ngw;wpLtijdg;
gw;wpAk;
ehd;
xU
nra;jp
Foe;ijfis msTf;F mjpfkhfg; ngw;wplhky; msTld; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; mg;gb mstpw;F Nkyhf gps;is Ntz;lhk; vd;W epidj;jhy;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
36
Nrh;e;j ,d;gj;ijj; jtph;j;jpl Ntz;Lk;. mJTk; ,ayhJ vd;why; fUj;jilahtJ
nra;J nfhz;Ltpl Ntz;Lk;.
Njitaw;w epiyapy; fU vd;gjhd Nehapid
mile;J gps;is ngw;why;> ma;Nah! epidj;Jg; ghh;ff
; Nt gakhf cs;sJ.
me;jg;
gps;isahy; ,e;j cyfj;jpw;F ve;jtpjkhd gaDk; ,y;iy.
ngz;fy;tpapd; mtrpak;:
ngz;fl;F fy;tp Ntz;Lk;
Fbj;jzk; NgZ jw;Nf!
ngz;fl;Ff; fy;tp Ntz;Lk;
kf;fisg; NgZ jw;Nf!
ngz;fl;Ff; fy;tp Ntz;Lk;
fy;tpiag; NgZ jw;Nf!
‘ngz;fSf;F
fy;tpahdJ
kpfTk;
mtrpak;.
ey;yKiwpay; ftdpg;gjw;Fk; fy;tp cjTfpd;wJ.
jd;Dila
Foe;ijfis ey;y Kiwapy;
tsh;g;gjw;Fk; ngz;fSf;Ff; fy;tpahdJ kpfTk; mtrpak; MFk;.
fhg;gjw;Fk; ngz;fSf;Ff; fy;tpNtz;Lk;.
FLk;gj;ij
cyfpidf;
ngz;fSf;Ff; fy;tp kpfTk; mtrpak;
fy;tpapid tsh;g;gjw;Fk;’.
,j;jifajhd ngUikfis cila fy;tp mwpT ,y;yhj ngz;fs; ey;y
tpisr;riyj;ju Kbahj fsh;epyk; Nghd;wth;fs; Mthh;fs;. mj;jifa epyj;jpdpy;
Gw;fs; Ntz;Lkhdhy; Kisf;Fk;. Mdhy; ey;y gaDila tpisr;ry; fpilf;fhJ
mt;thNw fy;tp ,y;yhj ngz;fspd; tapw;wpy; ey;y gz;Gila gps;isfs; gpwf;f
khl;lhh;fs;. Mdhy; fy;tp mwptpid cila ngz;fs; vd;gth;fs; gz;gLj;jg;gl;l
taypidg;Nghd;wth;fs;.
MfNt
mq;Nf
ey;y
mwpTila
gps;isfs;
gpwe;jpLthh;fs; vd;W ehd; cWjpahff; $Wfpd;Nwd;.
,d;iwa ngz;fspd; mbikepiy:
thdpy; gwf;Fk; jd;ikAila Mfha tpkhdj;ij Xl;bLjy;> cyfpidr;
R+o;e;Js;s fly; KOtjidAk; mse;J Muha;e;J mwpjy; vd;w vy;yhr; nraYk;
Mz;> ngz; NtWghL ,y;yhky; nra;af; $ba jhFk;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa ehl;fspy;
cyfpy; cs;s Mlth;fs; jq;fSila mbik Kiwapdhy; ngz;fSf;Fr; Rje;jpuk;
,y;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
37
,d;iwa ehl;fspy; ngz;fSf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s gzpfisg; gw;wpa nra;jpfis
vy;yhk; jq;fk; Nghd;w xU ifapdhYk;> mth;fsJ tpLjiyf;fhf vOg;gg;gl;Lfpd;w
nray;fisg; gw;wp kyh; Nghd;w kw;Wk; xU ifapdhYk; vOjj; njhlq;fpl Ntz;Lk;.
fy;tp mwpT ,y;yhj kpd;diyg; Nghd;w ngz; tho;tpy; vd;Wk; xsptPrpl KbahJ
vd;gjidAk; ehd; $Wfpd;Nwd;.
rikay; nra;tJk;> tPl;by; cs;s kw;w Ntiyiar; nra;jpLjy; kl;Lk; jhd;
rypg;gpy;yhky; nra;jhy; jhd; ngz;fSf;FhpaJ vd;W $WtJ rhp;ahdjhf ,y;iy.
Mz;fs; me;j Ntiyfisj; jha;fSk; nra;tjpy; ve;jtpjkhd jg;Gk; fpilahJ
vd;W epidf;fpd;w ey;yehspid ehk; fhz Ntz;Lk;.
rikay; nra;tJ vd;gJ
,opthd
cztpid
Ntiyah
vd;d?
riay;
nra;gth;fs;
kl;Lkpd;wp
,d;gj;jpidAk; Nrh;j;Nj ekf;F rikj;Jj; jUfpd;whh;fs;.
cztpid cz;lhf;FtJ vd;gJ kf;fspd; czphpidNa cz;lhf;Ftjw;Fr;
rkkhFk;.
tho;tJ vd;gJ ek; gzj;jpdhy; kl;Lk; KbT na;ag; gLfpd;w nray;
,y;iy.
tpy;> ths; Nghd;w gilf; fUtpfshYk; fpilg;gJ ,y;iy.
neUg;ig
mLg;gpy; Nrh;j;J rikj;jth;fs; md;NghL ekf;Fg; ghpkhWfpd;w cztpdhy; jhd;
ehk; czpUld; tho;fpd;Nwhk;.
rikay; nra;tJ vd;gJ ngz;fSf;Fj; jtph;ff
; Kbahj flik vd;Wk;>
rikay; nra;Ak; njhopyhdJ ey;y ngz;fSf;F kl;LNk Vw;w xU Ntiy vd;Wk;
ek;Kila
jkpo;j;jpUehl;by;
cs;s
rl;lj;jpid
xU
nehbapdpy;
,q;fpUe;J
tpul;lNtz;Lk; vd;why; mjw;Fg; ngz;fy;tpjhd; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; gutNtz;Lk;.
fy;tp:
mk;kh!
fy;tpjhd;
ePq;fs;
mtrpak;
nrhd;dgb
midj;J
Njit! rpwe;j
tifahd
nghUs;fs;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fSf;Fk;
xt;nthd;wpd;
gz;GfisAk;
njspthfj; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;! ,e;jkf;fsplj;jpypUe;J ehd; cah;e;jtd;;
mtd;
jho;e;jtd;
vd;w
vz;z;q;fs;
vd;iwf;Fj;jhd;
xope;JNghFNkh
njhpatpy;iy? Mdhy; mJ kiwe;J Nghdhy;jhd; ekf;F ed;ik cz;lhFk;.
vd;nwy;yhk; tpUe;jpduhf te;j me;j kyh;f;Foyp Ngrpdhs;. mq;Nf mofpa
G+turkuj;jpd;
epoypd;
eLtpdpy;
mkh;e;jgb
rphpj;jKfj;JlDk;
ehturdhd
,isatd; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. ehk; nrd;W me;j eifKj;Jtplk; ciuapidf;
Nfl;Nghk;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
38
ehturd; eifKj;J ciuahly;:
kdpjh;fNs kdpjh;fis mkuitj;J ,Oj;Jr; nry;Yk; gbajhd mofpa
tz;bfs; ,e;j Chpy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; ek; tpy;ypaD}hpy; ,g;gbg;gl;l tz;bfs;
fpilahJ. mjw;F vd;d fhuzk; mf;fh vd;W ,istdhd ehturd; Nfl;lhd;.
eifKj;J:
eifKj;J vd;gtSk; rphpj;jgbNa gjpy; $w Muk;gpj;jhs;.
fy;tpahdYk;
nry;tj;jpdhYk; ,e;j cyfpy; cs;sth;fsplk; ,d;Dk; njhiyahky; ,Uf;fpd;w
Vw;wj;jho;Tjhd; ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; . tz;bapid ,Of;fpd;wtd; Vio. mjpy; Vwph;
mkh;e;J tUgtd; gzk;gilj;jtd;.
,e;j ,UtUk; xNu rkkhd epiyapid
vd;iwf;F milfpd;NwhNkh md;Wjhd; kdpjh;fis kdpjh;fNs tz;br; RikNghy
,Oj;Jr; nry;Yk; epiykhWk;.
mj;jifajhd epiytUfpd;w ehspy; jhdhfNt
XLk; jd;ikAila tpyq;Ffs; ,Of;Fk; tz;bfspy; vtiuAk; vw;wpr; nry;Yk; Kiw
te;JtpLk;.
jpuhtplhpd; ngUik:
jpuhtpl ehL ek;Kila ehL - ey;y jpuhtpl nkhopNa ek;Kila Ngr;R!
jpuhtpl ,dj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs; ehk; vd;W kfpo;e;jpUe;Njhk;! jpuhtplh;fs; vd;W
nrhy;ypNa ek;Kila tho;f;ifapid tsh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
NgRk;
ciufspYk; vOj;jhf vOJk;NghJk;> nray;ghLfspYk; kw;wth;fs; cUtj;ij
kl;Lk; fhl;bf; nfhz;bUe;j Kiwfis xopj;J tpl;Nlhk;! Gfo;Ntz;Lk; vg;NghJk;
vd;W epidg;gth;fs;> ,we;j gpd;Gk; jd;Gfo; Xq;fpl Ntz;Lkhdhy; midtUk;
xUtNu! midtUf;Fs;Sk; md;G ghuhl;b xw;Wikia tsh;j;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W
vz;zp nray; nra;jNy cah;e;j jpuhtplh;fspd; ,uj;jj;jpYk; cs;s epidthFk;.
Ntlg;gd; mofhd jkpo;g;ghliyg; ghb ek;Kila cs;skhd khlg;Gwhtpid
tsij;Jg; gpbj;Jtpl;ljw;F ed;wp vd;W $wpdhh; khturh;. me;jj; jiytpAk; NtW
xd;W ghLk;gbf; Nfl;lhs; kfpo;rr
; pAld;.
ngz;fSk; fiyfSk; eifKj;J:
‘fiyapy; ngz;fs; gofNtz;Lk;. gy tifahd fiyfis ngz;fs; gof
Ntz;Lk;. jq;fSila jho;e;j epiyapypUe;J cah;e;jpl Ntz;Lk; ngz;fs; cyfk;!
kiyapd;kPJ Vw;wpitj;j tpsf;fpidg; Nghd;W cah;e;jpl Ntz;Lk;.
ngz;fs;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
39
gy;NtWtpjkhd fiyfisf; fw;Wj; Njh;e;Jtpl;lhy; fPohf epidf;fpd;w ,e;j cyfk;
cd;id cah;e;jepiyf;F mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; jhdhf’ vd;W eifKj;J ghbdhs;.
vt;tsT
,d;gkhf
kfpo;e;jhs;.
kw;w
cs;sJ?
vd;W
Foe;ijfs;
mtisg;
ghbLk;gbr;
MSf;nfhd;W
nrhd;d
ghbdhh;fs;.
jiytp
ghbajidf;
Nfl;gjw;fhff; fhjpidf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L midtUk; mq;NfNa mkh;e;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
ehtuR:
jiyia tphpj;Jf; nfhz;lha;; cly; ,isj;jpUe;jha;; xNu fhypy; epd;W
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wha;!
jkpo;ehl;by;
cs;sth;fSf;F
Fiy
js;sp>
Njq;fhAk;>
Fsph;r;rpahd ,sePhpidAk;> $iu NghLtjw;F Ntz;ba nghUisAk; je;jha;.
tPl;Lg;gps;is (Kjy;td;):
Ch;Vhpf; fiujdpNy vd;dpsikg;
gUtj;jpy; ,l;lk nfhl;il
ePNuJk; fhg;NgJk; Nfshky;
ePz;Lah;e;J gy;yhz; bd;gpd;
thuha;vd; nwidXiy tprpwpapdhy;
tuNtw;W Eq;Fk; rhWk;
rPuhfj; jj;jnjdpy;> gidNghYk;
el;GKiw njhpe;jh Uz;Nlh?
tPl;Lg;gps;is (,uz;lhktd;):
fhzpf;Fg; Gwj;NjXh; gjptpl;l
khel;Lf; fz;fh zpj;Jf;
Nfzpj;jz; zPh;tpLj;Njd; gpd;ehspy;
mjd;epoypd; fPo;, Ue;Njd;
khzpf;f khk;goe;jhd; kufj;jpd;
,iyf;fhk;gpy; CQ;r yhlr;
Nrz;vl;Lk; NfhnyLj;Njd; ifg;gpbj;Njd;
tha;itj;Njd; Njd; Njd; NjNd.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
40
,iyapidf; fps;spdhy; ghy; nfhl;Lk; jd;ikAilajhd gr;ir ,iyfs;
jq;fj;jpdhy; nra;ag;gl;l fhk;Gfspd; ,ilapy; Rw;wg;gl;lf; fpisfs; czh;e;J
epd;wgb mlh;e;j jd;ikAilajhd gyhkuj;jpidg; ghh;g;gjw;F rpd;d ahidf;
Fl;bapidg; Nghd;W ,Ue;jJ.
gOj;Jf; fple;jd.
mjpy; kzk; tPRk; jd;ikAila gyhg;goq;fs;
epkph;e;J ghh;ff
; pd;w Nghjpdpy; ek;kpy; GJikahd czh;Tfs;
Njhd;Wk;gbr; nra;jpLk; tifapy; Nky; fpisfspYk; eLtpdpYk;> NthpdpYk; kzk;
tPRk;gyh ed;whfg; gOj;Jf; fplf;Fk;.
Ntlg;gd;:
gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;Jld; miwf;Fr; nrd;w Ntlg;gd; mq;Nf
E}y;fisg; gphpj;Jg; ghh;j;jhd;.
Mdhy; mtDila tphpe;j fz;fs; me;j E}ypy;
,Ue;j nra;jpfspy; gjpatpy;iy.
,Jtiuapy; gpwe;j ngz;fspYk;> ,dp gpwf;fg;
NghFk; ngz;fspYk; me;j moF KOikahf epiwe;Js;s eifKj;jpidg; Nghd;w
ngz;fs; ahUk; ,y;iy vd;W epidj;jhd;. jd;Dila ,dpa Ngr;rpdhy; rpwg;ghd
ek;Kila jkpopdpw;F ngUik Vw;gLk; tpjkhfNt nray;gLfpd;whs;.
rpw;gf;
fiyapy; Gjpatifahd rpw;gk; ,ts;jhd; vd;W Nghw;wp Gul;rpapid rpw;gf;fiyapy;
gug;gpLk; tifapy; gpwe;jts; ,ts;.
mtSila mLf;fp itf;fg;gl;ljidg; Nghd;w ,uz;L cjLfspd; ,ilapy;
rphpg;G
Njhd;Wfpd;w
Nghnjy;yhk;>
ePjpnewpfSf;Fk;
xOf;fj;jpw;Fk;
fl;g;gl;L
tho;fpd;w mtSila kdjpidAk; ehk; ntspg;gilahff; fhz Kbfpd;wJ.
kLtpy; Njf;fp itj;jpUe;j jz;zPhpid Gd;nra; epyj;jpid cila cotd;
MtYld; ghh;g;gjidg;Nghd;W me;j ngz;Zk; vd;idg; ghh;ff
; pd;whs;. MdhYk;
mjpy; NtW VjhtJ vz;zk; fye;jpUf;FNkh? vd;dNth? ma;Nah? vdf;F mts;
fpilg;ghsh? my;yJ mts; fpilf;fhj fhuzj;jpdhy; me;jf; ftiyapy; ehd;
Jd;gk; milNtdh? mts; xt;nthU mbahf vLj;J itj;J elf;fpd;w NghJ
mirfpd;w ,ilapid cilatshd me;jg; ngz; ,d;gj;jpid xl;Lnkhj;jkhff;
fsQ;rpaj;jpy; Nrh;j;J itj;jjidg; Nghd;w jd;ikapds;.
ey;y mofpdhy;
fpilf;Fk; ntw;wpapidg; Nghd;wts;.
,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,JtiuapYk; jd;Dila kdjpidr; nrYj;jpagb ,Ue;jhd;
Ntlg;gd;.
me;j Neuj;jpy; mtDila je;ij tPl;bw;Fs; te;jjidAk; mtd;
czutpy;iy. mNjhL kl;Lkpd;wp Ntfkhf mjph;Tfs; Vw;gLk;gbahf elf;ff;$ba
khtuRk;> mtUila kidapAk; $l mq;Nf te;Jtpl;lhh;fs; vd;gjidAk; mtd;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
41
czutpy;iy.
mtDila
jha;>
mtDf;F
vjpNute;J>
‘Ntlug;gh’
vd;W
mioj;jTld;jhd; ‘mk;kh’ vd;W vOe;J rhg;ghL ghpkhwg;gl;bUg;gjidg; ghh;j;jhd;.
eifKj;J
grpapy;iynad;W
$wptpl;lhs;.
ey;yJ
vd;W
kyh;fF
; oyp
nrhy;yptpl;Lg; Ngha;tpl;lhs; Kj;Jf;fs; mjpfkhf; nfhl;bf; fple;jhYk;> VjhtJ xU
Kj;J ek; kdij fth;e;J tpl;lhy;> mjpypUe;J ek; kdij khw;wpf; nfhs;Sjy;
vd;gJ
KbahjjhFk;.
mkh;e;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
tPl;bypUe;jth;fSld;
te;j
tpUe;jpdh;fSk;
Nrh;e;j
midtUf;Fk; md;Gs;sk; nfhz;l me;j ,y;yj;jpd; jiytp
kpFe;j kfpo;rr
; pAld; kyh;e;j kyhpidg; Nghd;w Kfj;Jld; czT ghpkhwpdhs;.
czT Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wptpl;l eifKj;J Kd;dhy; ,Ue;j miwapy; nrd;W
cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;lhs;.
eifKj;J:
ifapy; ,Ue;j Gj;jfj;jpy; Kjy; gf;fj;jpNyNa rpy thpfis kl;LNk
%d;Wkzp Neukhf gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd; Ntlg;gd;. vq;Nf ,Ue;jJ mtdJ
epidT? vd;W vz;zpagbNa mofhd me;j eif Kj;J jhd; tiue;j Xtpaj;ijf;
nfhz;L te;J mtd; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j Gj;jfj;jpd; kPJ itj;jhs;.
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‘md;ghdtNu?
rphpj;jhd;; mtsk;
,Jtiuapy;
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vd;W
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gpd;dh;
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cq;fs; ngw;Nwhhplj;jpy; ek;Kila ,e;j jpUkz vz;zj;jpw;F KbT vd;d? vd;W
NfSq;fs; vd;W $wpdhs;.
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; ;rp gutpaJ.
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jpUkzk;’ vd;whs;.
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mts;
rhg;gpl;lth;fs; if fOt te;jNghJ mth;fs; fhjpy; tpOe;Jtpl;lJ.
Nfl;lJ
mjidf;
fz;L gae;jhs;.
ifapidAk; fOt Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; ,y;iy. itf;fg;gl;l cztpy;
xU fLfsTk; rhg;gpltpy;iy. fhjy; fUtpapy; tpOe;Jtpl;lhd;. fiufhz Kbahj
mstpy; jd; cly; Jbf;Fk; czh;tpid mile;jhd;. eifKj;J me;j ,lj;jpid
tpl;L efh;e;J NtW xU gf;fkhfr; nrd;W mkh;e;jgb ‘vd;iwf;F itif Mw;wpd;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
42
ePhpy;
Fspj;J
ek;Kila
clypy;
Njhd;wpAs;s
,e;j
R+l;bidf;
Fiwj;Jf;
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nfhz;bUe;jhh; je;ijahh;.
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tpOe;jjpdhy; Jd;gj;jpid mile;jhs;. Ntlg;gd; xU gf;fk; jtpf;f Muk;gpj;jhd;.
,jw;Fs; me;j tPl;bd; jiyth;> ‘,e;j ,Ul;L Neuj;jpy; Vd; fpsk;g Ntz;Lk;?’
jq;fpapUe;J
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$wpdhh;fs;.
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epd;Wtpl;lJ.
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Jd;gj;jpy; ,Ue;jd.
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mts; mtid E}W Kiw jpUk;gpj; jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
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MW Kiw mtidg; ghh;j;jhs;! mtDk; mtisg; ghh;j;jhd;! mts; tz;bapd;
gbapd; kPJ fhy;itj;jgb kPz;Lk; mtidj; jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;jhs;.
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tpUe;jpdh;fSk;
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,Ue;jth;fSk; xUtUf;nfhUth; tho;j;Jf;fisg; ghpkhwpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
tz;b efh;e;jJ; khL Ntfkhfr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jJ. Mdhy; tz;bapypUe;j
me;jg; ngz; jiyapidr; rha;j;J Ntlg;gd; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpidg; ghh;j;J mq;fpUe;j
mtidj; jd;Dila nfz;ilk Pd; Nghd;w fz;fshy; ghh;j;jgb mts; kiwe;J
Nghdhs;.
jd; kdijg; gwpj;Jf; nfhz;l fpspNghd;w me;jg; ngz; jd;idtpl;L
kiwe;J Ngha;tpl;ljdhy;> xU kuj;jpidg; Nghyj; jdpahf epd;W> jd;dpfhpy;yhj;
Njd; Nghd;wj; jkpopd; Ritapidg; gbj;jth;fs; mjd; nghUis jdpahf mkh;e;J
rpe;jpj;jpUg;gjidg; Nghd;W mtDk; mtisg; gw;wp vz;zpagb mkh;e;jpUe;jhd;.
nkype;j ,ilapidf; nfhz;ltshf mtDila jha; cs;Ns nrd;whs;.
mq;Nf
eifKj;J tiue;j Xtpaj;jpy; jd; kfdhd Ntlg;gdpd; cUtk; gjpe;jpUg;gjidf;
fz;lhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
43
jpUkzk;
Ntlg;gDf;F kPz;Lk; tha;g;G:
tpy;ypaD}h; khtuR> kyh;fF
; oy;> ehtuR> eifKj;J MfpNahh; kz tofd;
tPl;Lf;F tpUe;jpduha; te;jNghJ kztofd; kfdhd Ntlg;gdpd; cs;sq; fth;e;J
nrd;whsd;Nwh eifKj;J?
jpz;izapy; khturd; xU rpwpa ahidf; Fl;bapidg; Nghd;W mkh;e;J>
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tz;zq;fis cila G+tpd; kyh;r;rpNahL ,Ue;j kyh;f;FoypNah te;J te;J
thriyg; ghh;j;Jtpl;L cs;Ns nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
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jtph;f;f
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; p
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tuNtw;whs;.
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nfhLj;J tha; kzf;fg; NghLk;gbf; $wp mikjpahfTk; Xa;thfTk; mkh;e;J eyd;
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,th;fis
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; pAld; ePq;fs;
nrhy;tjid Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhh; khturd;. GfOld; ‘Ntlg;gd;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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tpUk;Gfpd;w ngz;iz ehd; ,fo;e;jh NgrpLNtd;?’ vd;W khturhpd; kidtpAk;
$wpdhs;. rphpj;jgbNa kztofh; ‘ey;yJ’ vd;W $wpdhh;.
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mofhd jq;fj;ijg; ghh;j;J ‘cd; fUj;J vd;d? vd;W Nfl;lhh; kztofh;.
,d;gj;ijj; J}z;Lk; eifKj;J Vf;fj;Jld; mts; Kfj;ijg; ghh;j;jhs;.
‘ehdh
eifKj;ij Ntz;lhk; vd;W nrhy;Ntd;. vd; kfid Njd; Nghd;w ,tNsh caph;
vd;W $wpAs;shs;.
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te;jtNs kfpo;r;rpahf ,Ug;ghahf’ vd;W $wpdhs; jq;fk;.
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vd;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;.
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nfhs;Sk;gbahf ePNj md;NghL nrhy;yptpLtha;.
eP kl;Lkpy;iy> Mzofdhd
Ntlg;gDk; mg;gbNa nry;yl;Lk;’ vd;W jhj;jh $wpdhh;.
‘fl;lhd moFila
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FiwAk; ,y;iy vd;whYk; xU Kbthf vz;zp rpf;fdkhfr; nryT nra;J tho
vq;fSf;nfd;W jdpahd tPl;bid mikj;Jf; nfhLq;fs;’
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$wpdhs;.
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nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. vd;Dila vz;zKk; mJjhd;. ehd; filapy; mg;ghTld; ,Ue;J
ed;whf Ntiy nra;Ntd;. mg;ghthf ghh;j;J VjhtJ xU E}W &gha; khj khjk;
nfhLj;jhy; Njd; Xiliag; Nghd;W vq;fs; tho;f;if ,dpj;jpLk; vd;W $wpdhd;
Ntlg;gd;.
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vd;W nrhy;fpd;w jPikAk; elf;fhJ. ,k;KiwNa rhpahdJ vd;W jhj;jh nrhy;yp
kfpo;e;jhh;. ngz; gps;isfSf;Ff; nrhj;jpy; chpik ,y;iynad;W nrhy;Ythh;fs;.
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kUkfd; elj;Jfpd;w Fbj;jdj;jpid ehDk; NkypUe;J ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;Ntd; ‘,J
cz;ik’ vd;W khturh; $wpdhh;. mtuJ kidtpAk; mjid Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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eifKj;Jtpd; vz;zj;jpid ehDk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.
‘FLk;g tpsf;fpid’ Vw;wp itj;jhy; mJ ey;yNj MFk;.
NkYk; Xh;
,J rhpahdJjhd;
vd;whs; jq;fk;! kztofDk; jhd; jd;Dila kfDf;F khjk; xU E}W &gha;
jUtjw;F xj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;.
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tpLtJ vd;W vy;NyhUk; xj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
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thdpy; epyh tUfpd;w ,utpdpy; tz;bfspy; fpsk;Gtjw;F Kd;dh; ,dpikahf
‘nrd;W tUfpd;Nwhk;’ vd;W $wpr; nrd;whh;fs;.
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fhuzj;jpdhy;>
mtis
tho;j;jp
tuNtw;gjw;Fk;>
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kzk;
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njhlh;e;J ehk; jUfpd;w tpUe;jpid cz;gjw;Fk; thUq;fs; md;Gld; thUq;fs;’
vd;W jq;fKk; kztofdhUk; tPL tPlhfr; nrd;W gzpTld; mioj;jdh;. tho;f !
ey;y ngz;zhd kzg;ngz; eifKj;J tho;f! vd;W cyfk; KOtJk; Koq;FtJ
Nghd;W midtUk; tho;j;jpdhh;fs;. ghYk; goKk; mtSf;Ff; nfhLj;jdh;. NkYk;
gyh; thrKila ePh; (gd;dPh); > thrk; tPRk; khiy> ntw;wpiyg;ghf;F Nghd;w
gytw;iwAk; Ve;jpf;nfhz;L nrd;whh;fs;.
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,dpa ,ir gutpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. rhd;Nwhh;fSk;> ngz;fSk;> Mz;fSk; nghpa
flypd; mfyj;ijg; Nghd;Nw mq;Nf $bapUe;jhh;fs;.
me;j
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nfhLj;jdh;.
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nghpath;>
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cjphpahd Gjpa kyh;fis
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tpUk;Gfpd;whah? mtis tho;f;ifj; Jizahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;whah?
vd;gjid nrhy;thahf!’ vd;W Nfl;lhh; Ntlg;gd; vOe;J> midtiuAk; tzq;fp
‘ehd; kpd;diyg; Nghd;w moFld; kpd;Dk; eifKj;Jit tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. MfNt
mtis ehd; vd;Dila tho;f;ifj; Jizahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;’
vd;W $wpdhd;.
‘kzkfs; eifKj;J tho;f tho;fNt!
kzkfd; Ntlg;gd; tho;f tho;fNt’
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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vd;whh; midtUk; vopy;kyh; tPrpNa!
eifKj;J Ntlg;gd;
kfpo;r;rp NahL
ehopifia topaDg;gpf;
fhj;jp Ue;jhh;
kpfey;y kzpg;nghwpAk;
Ie;j bf;f
tpirtz;b Xl;Lgtd;
te;J epd;W>
‘tif kpf;f murpdhpd;
G+q;fh tpw;F
tUfpd;wP Nuh?” vd;W
tzq;fpf; Nfl;lhd;;
jfjnfdj; jdpaiwf;Nfhh;
mooifr; nra;Ak;
ijaypdhs;> Ntlg;gd;
‘Mk; Mk;” vd;whh;.
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G+q;fhtpDs; Xbte;J epd;wTld;> GJ kzj;jk;gjpah; ,UtUk; ,wq;fp> mq;Nf elf;f
Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;.
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jd;ikAila mofhd nts;isj; JzpapidAk; tphpj;jhh;fs;.
tifapyhd Nghh;itia kbj;J Xukhf itj;jhh;fs;.
tPRk;gbahd gd;dPh; njspj;jhh;fs;.
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cliy cWj;jhj tifapy; kyh;fspy; cs;s
fhk;Gfis mfw;wp ,jo;fis kl;Lk; J}tp> re;jdk;> gd;dPh;> ntw;wpiyg;ghf;Fj; jl;L
,itfisj; itj;jJld; kl;Lkpd;wp> Kf;fdpfshd kh> gyh> thio ,tw;Wld;>
ghy;> gyfhuq;fs; ,tw;wpidAk; itj;J> tPL KOtJk; tpsf;Ffis Vw;wpdhh;fs;.
,g;gb mofhf myq;fhpf;fg;gl;lj; jdpahd miwapd; ntspapy; cs;s
jho;thug; gFjpapy; mq;fpUe;j midtUk; $b epd;W rphpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mg;NghJ mq;Nf ,Ue;j Foe;ijfspy; xUtd; ‘,J ehq;fs; tpisahLtjw;fhd
clNd mq;fpUe;j nghpath;fs;> ‘cs;Ns nry;y
miwah?’ vd;W Nfl;lhd;.
Ntz;lhk;> ,e;j miw Gjpajhfj; jpUkzk; ele;jpl;l GJkhg;gps;isAk;> ngz;Zk;
cs;Ns
nrd;W
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jpUf;Fwspd;
nghUspid
Muha;e;J
njhpe;J
nfhs;Stjw;F Vw;w tifapy; trjp nra;ag;gl;Ls;s miwahFk;. ,J tho;fi
; fapd;
,d;gj;jpidr;
Rl;Lk;
,lkhFk;.
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thol;LK;!’
vd;W
tho;j;jpdhh;fs;.
kf;fl;NgW:
‘eifKj;J Ntlg; gd;jhk;’
ed;kf;fs;ngw;W tho;f!
epfOehs; vy;yhk; ,d;gk;
epiyngw! epiwehl; nry;th;
Gfo;kpf;F tho;f tho;f!”
vdj; jkpo;g; Gyth; tho;j;j
eifKj;J ey;Nt lg;gd;
kzk;ngw;W tho;fpd; whh;fs;.
,dpf;f ,dpf;fj; jq;fSila ,y;ywj;jpd; eyd; ngUfpLk; tifapy;
mofhd
eif
Kj;JTld;
jdpahf
,y;yj;jpy;
epidnty;yhk; ,uz;L epiyfspy; ,Ue;jJ.
Ntz;Lk;
vd;w
vz;zk;
xd;W.
FbNawpdhd;.
mtDila
filapy; tpahghuj;jpidg; ngUf;f
,dpikahf
ey;y
nkhopfiswg;
NgRk;
fpspNghd;wj; jd;ikAilatshf cs;s eifKj;JTld; tPl;by; ey;y Kiwapy;
thoNtz;Lk; vd;fpw vz;zk; xd;whFk;.
%d;whtJ njUtpy; ,Ue;j gioa tPl;by; md;ghd ngw;wth;fs;.
nfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;.
tho;e;J
,il,ilNa Neuk; fpilf;fpd;w Nghnjy;yhk; mth;fs;
,Uf;fpd;w ,lk; Njbr; nrd;W Njd; Nghd;w nkhopapidAila eifKj;JTk;>
nrk;ikahd gz;Gila Ntlg;gDk; mth;fis tzq;fp tUthh;fs; mth;fisg;
ngw;wth;fSk; ,q;Nf ,th;fSila ,y;yj;jpw;F tUif Ghpe;J ,th;fs; FLk;gk;
elj;Jfpd;w mofpidg; ghh;j;Jr; nry;thh;fs;.
‘eifKj;jhs;” vd;W $wp
eL%d;W tpuiyf; fhl;bj;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
48
‘Jfs;Nghfj; Jilf;f Ntz;Lk;
njhl;biy” vd;whs; jq;fk;.
kfpo;e;jdd;! vdpDk; ‘gps;is
kUkfs; ngwNth ,d;Dk;
njhifVO jpq;fs; Ntz;Lk;
,jw;Fs;Vd; njhl;by;?” vd;whd;.
eifKj;J %d;W khjf; fUtpidr; Rke;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whs; vd;w ey;y
nra;jpapidg; gw;wp gytifahf ,unty;yhk; Ngrp f; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhh;fs;
,jw;Fs; kWedhs; gfy; tpbe;Jtpl;lJ.
khkdhuhfpa jq;fj;jpd; fztUk;
eifKj;Jitg; Ngha; ghh;j;Jtpl;L te;jhh;.
Mdhy; jq;fNkh mtistpl;L
tUthdh vd;d? mq;NfNa eifKj;JTlNdNa ,Ue;jhs;.
md;iwf;Ff; fhiy tpbe;jTld;> nte;ePh; R+lhfp tpl;ljh? vLj;Jth Ntfkhf
vd;W Ntlg;gd;> eifKj;Jtplk; $wpdhd;.
$lj;jpy;
mkh;e;jpUe;j jq;fk;>
mjidf; Nfl;lTld;> ,g;gb ,dp nra;f; $lhJ> mts; tUe;Jk;gbahf ,dp
mtis Ntiy thq;ff; $lhJ. ,e;jg; ngz; Kd;GNghy ,g;NghJ ,y;iy.
‘fUcz;lhfp %d;W khjq;fs; Mfptpl;ljh?’ vd;W Nfl;lgbNa Ntlg;gd;
mts; mUfpdpy; Xbr; nrd;W> mtis mizj;jgb ‘ngz;Nz gjpy; nrhy;’ vd;w
Nfl;lhd;.
mtSk;> ‘Mkhk;> Mkhk;> ,UE}W jilt Nfl;gPhf
; s;!’ vd;W $wpagb
riay; miwapy; Eioe;jhs; mtDf;F czT ghpkhWtjw;fhf.
Ntlg;gNdh
kfpo;rr
; papdhy; vd;d nra;tJ vd;Nw njhpahjgb jpifj;jpUe;jhd;.
ehd; rpd;d igad; ,y;iy. ehd; je;ijahfp tpl;Nld;> vd;Dila kidtp
jhd; %d;w khjkhff; fUTw;W ,Uf;fpd;whs;.
jha;ikaile;Jtpl;lhs;.
thdk;
ngw;wpUf;fpd;w epytpidg; Nghd;w mofhd Foe;ij te;J mofhd Njd; Nghd;w
,dpa Fuypdhy; vd;id mg;gh vd;W mioj;jgb ,d;Dk; VO khjj;jpy; vd;dplk;
jhtp tUk;.
fwe;j ghypd; epwj;jpidg; Nghd;W mofhd nts;is Mil cLj;jpa
kUj;Jtr;rp ehs;NjhWk; tUths;.
te;J eifKj;Jtpd; cly;eyj;ij Muha;e;J>
vg;NghJk; jho;thuj;jpy; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. ed;whf elf;f Ntz;Lk;. vd;W mwpTiu
$wptpl;Lr; nry;ths;.
mts; Nghfpd;wNghJ> ntspapy; epd;wpUe;jgb> Ntlg;gd;>
‘eifKj;Jtpd; cly;eykhf cs;sjh? fUtpy; cs;s caph; ve;jtpjkhd FiwTk;
,y;yhky; ,Uf;fpd;wjh? nrhy;Yq;fs;.
mk;kh> nrhy;Yq;fs; mk;kh!’ vd;W
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
49
Nfl;ghd;. mtSk; ve;jj; Jd;gKk; ,y;iy vd;W ehd;F Ie;J Kiw nrhy;yptpl;Lr;
nry;ths;.
jd;Dila kfs; eifKj;Jtpw;F Mz; Foe;ij gpwf;Fkh? ngz; Foe;ij
gpwf;Fkh? vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; tpjkhf kyh;fF
; oyp jdf;F vjphpy; njhpe;j
jFe;j egh; xUthplk; tPl;bd; ntspapy; epd;wgb ‘vd;d Foe;ij gpwf;Fk;’ vd;W
me;jg; nghpath;> ‘ngz;Foe;ij gpwe;Jtpl;lhy; vq;Nf
nkJthff; Nfl;lhs;.
NghLtPh;fs;?’ vd;W Nfl;lhh;.
kyh;fF
; oypNah ‘ma;ah> kz;zpy; ,Ue;jhy; J}Rgl;L Foe;ijf;F Jd;gk;
NeUk;
vd;gjdhy;>
vd;Dila
fz;fspy;
fhj;jpLNtd;’ vd;W kyh;fF
; oyp $wpdhs;.
itj;J
me;jf;
Foe;ijapidf;
‘Mz; Foe;ij gpwe;jhy;> vd;d
nra;tha; vd;W? ,dpikahff; Nfl;lhh; me;jg; nghpath;. ‘Mz; Foe;ijapidAk;
mg;gbNa fhj;jpLNtd; ma;ah’ vd;W kyh;fF
; oyp kfpo;rr
; pAld; $wpdhs;.
‘ngz;Foe;ijNah my;yJ Mz; Foe;ijNah gpwf;fg; NghtJ vd;gJ
epr;rak;’ vd;whh; nghpath;.
,jw;Fs; cs;Ns ,Ue;jth;fSk; ntspNa te;J Fwp
Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j kyh;fF
; oypapd; nfhs;ifapid kWj;Jg; Ngrpr; rphpj;J gpd;dh;
kPz;Lk; tPl;bDs; nrd;whh;fs;.
mq;Nf eifKj;Jtpw;F ,Lg;Gtyp Vw;gl;L
Jd;gj;jpidf; nfhLJ;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
eifKj;J
,Lg;Gtypapdhy;
Jd;g;gLtjidg;
ghh;j;jTld;
Vw;fdNt
gof;fj;jpy; cs;s kUj;Jtr;rpia mioj;J tUtjw;fhf nghwp tz;b gwitapidg;
Nghy Ntfkhfg; gwe;J nrd;wJ.
cwtpdh;fshd ngz;fs; gyh; te;J eifKj;J
,Ue;j miwapy; mtisr; Rw;wpYk; ,Ue;jdh;.
Mz;fs; njUtpy; cs;s
jpz;izapy; mkh;e;jpUe;jdh;. epytpidg; Nghd;w ntz;ikahd cil mzpe;j
kUj;Jtr;rp nghwp tz;bapy; te;J ,wq;fp tPl;bDs; nrd;whs;.
mq;Nf Gjpajhd
xU R+oy; mikjpahf Vw;gl;lJ.
ahUk;
Ngrhky;
mikjpahf
,Ue;j
R+o;epiyapy;
cs;Ns
,Ue;J
‘ngz;Foe;ij! Mz;Foe;ij!’ vd;w xU Ngr;R rj;jk; ntspapy; ,Uf;fpd;w
Mz;fSf;Ff; Nfl;lJ.
cyfk; tsKk; eyKk; ngUk; tifapy; nghopfpd;w
thidg;Nghy fPr;nrd;w rj;jj;Jld; Foe;ij mOfpd;w Xir cs;Ns ,Ue;J
Nfl;lJ. fpspapidg; Nghd;w ,dpa nkhop NgRk; kyh;fF
; oyp ntspapy; te;J ey;y
epiyapy; %r;Rk;> moFk; ngw;wjhd xU ngz;Foe;ij Kj;jpidg;Nghy gpwe;Js;sJ.
jhAk; eykhf ,Uf;fpd;whs;’ vd;W $wpdhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
50
gak; vd;fpw nghpa flypidf; fle;J mq;fpUe;j midtUk; kdk; KOtJk;
kfpo;rr
; p nghq;f fiu Nrh;e;jth;fisg; Nghd;W ,Ue;jdh;.
mstpyhd
fw;fz;Lfisf;
Rke;Jnfhz;L
te;jhh;fs;>
nfhz;L
te;jhh;fs;.
midtUk;
tpUk;gp
thiog;goj;jpid Fiyahff; nfhz;Lte;jhh;fs;.
te;jth;fSf;F vy;yhk; thhp toq;fpdhh;fs;.
filapypUe;J mjpf
ntw;wpiyg;
Nghw;Wk;
ghf;Fk;
jd;ikAila
vy;yhtw;iwAk; NkYk; NkYk;
ngz;fs; midtUk; jho;thuj;jpy;
$bapUe;J Foe;ijf;Fk; jhaf;Fk; tho;j;Jg; ghly;fisg; ghbdhh;fs;.
rpyehl;fs; nry;yr; nry;y eifKj;JtpDila cly; Neha;fSk;> Foe;ij
gpwe;jjdhy; Vw;gl;l cly; typAk; Fiwa Muk;gpj;jJ. kiyapd; kPJ xsp gLfpd;w
NghJ Vw;gLfpd;w kpd;Dk; mofpidg; Nghd;W eifKj;Jtpd; clypYk; xUtpjkhd
xsp Njhd;wp kpd;dpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mts; ,g;NghJ fw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;w epiyapy;
cs;s khzt epiyapy; kl;Lkpd;wp fw;wjid mLj;jth;fF
; gad; jUk; Kiwapy;
vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; Mw;wy; gilj;j Mrphpia vd;fpw e;piyapidAk; mile;jhs;.
New;iwa ehl;fspy; xU kfshfNt ,Ue;jts;> ,d;W xU jha; vd;fpw epiyapid
mile;Jtpl;lhs;.
Foe;ijf;F ngah; itj;jdh;:
jkpohpdj;jpy; cs;s xU FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;Js;s ,e;jf; Foe;ij jkpo;f;
Foe;ijahFk;.
nray;.
vdNt ,f;Foe;ijf;F ey;y jkpo;g; ngaiu itj;jpLtNj rpwe;j
kioapdhy; Vw;gLfpd;w ed;ikapidg; Nghd;W ed;ik nra;Ak; tifapy;
,e;ehspy; gpwe;Js;sJ ,f;Foe;ij MfNt ,f;Foe;ijf;F ‘mkpo;jk;’ vd;W ngah;
itj;jpLNthk;.
‘mkpo;jk;ik’ ve;ehSk; tho;f! jkpo; tho;f! jkpo; tho;f!’ vd;W
tho;j;jpdhh;fs;.
Foe;ijf;F midtUk; jhyhl;L ghbdhh;fs; xU taJ MdJ:
NrhW}l;ly;:
ed;whf cUf;fg;gl;l nea;Ald; gUg;G fye;J> mjDld; rhjj;jpidAk;>
nfhQ;fk; urj;jpidAk; Cw;wp ed;whfg; gpire;J> rpwpa fpz;zj;jpy; Ve;jpagb>
fhf;iffis Ntbf;if fhl;bagb Foe;ijia rhg;gplr; nra;jhs; eifKj;J.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
51
epyhf; fhl;ly;:
Nkw;F jpirapypUe;J tPRfpd;w xspapd; nts;sj;jpy; Ngha; tpOe;Jtpl;lJ
nrk;ikahd fjph;fis cila R+hpad;.
mq;F mofhd Kj;Jf;fis cila
Nrhsj;jpd; Njhl;lj;jpidg; Nghd;w ntz;ikahd ,lj;jpy; mofhd KOikahd
epytpid midtUJk; ghh;j;jhh;fs;. mg;NghJ tPrpa fhw;Wk; rpy;nyd;w jd;ikAld;
Fsph;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjhf ,Ue;jJ.
tPl;by; Nky; Kw;wj;jpy; epd;wgb epyhtpd;
mofpid mkpo;jk; vd;w epiyapid cz;lth;fs; Nghy czh;e;J Foe;ijf;Fk;
mf;fhl;rpapid fhl;b kfpo;fpd;wdh;.
Fwspy; Nfhapy; ,y;iy:
eifKj;J Ntlg;gdplk; nrd;W> ‘kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;wpw;fhf gj;J &gha;
Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.
fldhff;
nfhLq;fs;’
vd;W
Nfl;lhs;.
Ntlg;gDk;
nfhLf;fpd;Nwd; vd;W $wpdhd;. mjw;Fs;> mkpo;jk;> jpUf;Fws; Gj;jfk; xd;W jd;
ifapy;
J}f;fpf;
nfhz;L
fhl;Lq;fs;’ vd;whs;.
$wpdhd;.
te;J
gf;fj;jpy;
‘,jpy;
Nghl;Ltpl;L>
Nfhtpiyf;
Ntlg;gNdh> ‘Fwspy; NfhtpNy ,y;iyNa mk;kh’ vd;W
,jidf;
Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;bUe;j
eifKj;J
$wpdhs;>
‘jpy;iy
NfhtpYf;Fg; Ngha;tu Ntz;Lk; vd;W epidj;Jj;jhd; ehd; cq;fsplk; gj;J &gha;
gzk; Nfl;Nld;.
Nfhapiyg; gw;wpNa jpUf;Fws; Ngrtpy;iy vd;why; ,dp
vd;Dila gzj;jpw;F moptpy;iy’ vd;W $wpdhs;.
ey;y
gz;Gila
tUifapdhy;.
Ntlg;gdpd;
tPL
KOtJk;
epiwe;jpUe;jJ
khturUk;> kyh;fF
; oypAk; te;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
gps;isfSk; te;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
cwtpdh;
NkYk; mth;fSila
Ntlg;gd; xU gf;fkhf mkh;e;jpUe;jhd;.
mofhd
eifKj;J ngw;nwLj;j ePytz;zj;jpyhd G+tpidg; Nghd;w tpopfisAk;> rpte;j
,jo;fisAk; nfhz;ljhd Gjpa ,sk; Mz; Foe;ijapid ‘,sQ;Nrud;’ vd;W
ngah;R+l;b th vd;W mioj;Jj; jd;Dil aifapy; Ve;jp kapy;Nghy cytpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
eLtpy;
,Ue;j
,sQ;NruidAk;>
ehw;fhypapy;
gf;fj;jpy;
eifKj;J
mkpo;jj;jpidAk;
jd;Dila
itj;Jf;
nfhz;L
gpd;dh; gf;fj;jpy; Ntlg;gd; Kjypath;fs; mofhf mkh;e;jdh;.
,e;j md;ghd fhl;rpapid Gifg;glk; vLj;jhh;fs;.
iffspy;
Foe;ij
mkh;e;jhs;.
ntspapy; njhpe;j
cs;Ns kdjpy; ,Ue;j
midthplKk; gutpf; fple;j moif thdk; glk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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jpuhtpl kf;fs; thopa:
mkpo;jk; MW tajpid mile;jhs;.
jkpopidg; ghlkhff; nfhz;L
,aq;ff;$ba jdpj;jkpo;g; gs;spapy; Nrh;ff
; g;gl;Lg; ghlk; gapd;W te;jhs;.
,Njh
Rtbfisj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L te;Jndhz;bUf;fpd;whd;. Ntlg;gDk; eifKj;JTk;
me;j Neuj;jpy; tPl;by; mkh;e;jgb> jd;Dila kfd; ,sQ;Nrudplk;> ‘eP ahh;?’ vd;W
Nfl;Ltpl;L mtDila gjpiy vjph;ghh;j;Jf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
mtNdh
jd;Dila khh;gpy; jl;b> ‘ehd; jk;gp’ vd;W $wpdhd;. Mdhy; mtDila rNfhjhp
mkpo;jNkh ‘jkpod; vd;W nrhy;ylh jk;gp’ vd;W $wpagb cs;Ns te;jhs;. tho;f
jkpo; kf;fs;! thopa ew;wkpo;! tho;f cyfKk; ,dpjhf!
KjpNahh; fhjy;:
%j;j gps;is KjpatNuhL
Ntlg;gd; jk;gp ahd
ntw;wpNty;> kidtp NahL
Ntlg;gd; tho;j;jp Ue;j
tPl;bdpy; thO fpd;whd;.
Ntlg;g Ndh> jd; je;ij
tPl;bdpw; FLk;gj; NjhL
gPLw thO fpd;whd;.
ngw;wth; KJik ngw;whh;.
Ntlg;gdpd; kidtpahd eifKj;J> Ntlg;gdpd; jha; je;ijia kpfTk;
md;Gld;> ftdpj;J> mth;fSf;F Ntz;ba cjtpfis> clDf;Fld;> ve;jtpjkhd
tUj;jKk; ,d;wp njhz;L nra;tjw;Ff; fpilj;j tha;g;gpid ed;whfg; gad;gLj;jp
nray;gl;lhs;. gk;guq;fisg; Nghd;W Rw;wpj; jphpe;J nray;gl;lth;fs; my;yth me;j
Kjpath;fs;.
vdNt
mth;fis
ftdj;JlDk;
khpahijAlDk;
elj;jpdhs;
eifKj;J.
Kd;gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j filrp miwapy; cly; jsh;e;j epiyapy; ,Ue;j
kztofh;> ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gbj;jgb xU gf;fkhf mkh;e;jpUg;ghh;.
mth; gbj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ,d;gj;jpid ,d;DnkhU gf;fkhf mkh;e;jgb
mtUila
kidtpahd
jq;fk;
Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;bUg;ghh;.
cyh;e;Jtpl;l
G+q;nfhbapidg; Nghd;W taJ Kjph;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf cly; jsh;e;J fple;j jq;fk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
53
mk;ijahh; xU gf;fkhf mkh;ejgb vijg; gw;wpahtJ Muha;e;J nfhz;bUg;ghs;.
mtUila fzth; mtw;iwf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;ghh;. gpd; J}q;Fthh;fs;. ,th;fs;
gioa fhyj;ijr; Nrh;e;jth;fs;.
,uz;L nghpa tajpy; Kjph;e;jth;fisr; Rke;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ghf;fpak;
ngw;wjdhy; me;j miwf;f ngUikNa Nrh;e;jJ.
gps;isfSk;> mth;fSila
kidtpfSk;> ,q;Nf tUthh;fs;> ,th;fsplj;jpy; gym wk;njhlh;ghd nra;jpfisf;
Nfl;ghh;fs;
NkYk;
mq;Nf
,th;fSila
Ngud;
Ngj;jpfSk;
te;jpUe;J
jhj;jhghl;bAld; Ngrp kfpo;e;J gpd; gs;spf;Fr; nry;thh;fs; Fwpj;j Neuj;jpy;.
ehl;Lf;F eyk; nra;Njhk;:
,e;j ehl;bd; eyd; ngUf Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfg; gy ey;y mwr; nray;fis
nra;Jte;Njhk;.
vq;fshy; vd;iwf;Fk; ahUf;Fk; jPq;F elj;jjpy;iy.
jd;ik nra;jth;fSk; mjid kwe;Jtplf; $lhJ.
rpd;djhd
vd;W ,dpa ,irapd; %yk;
ghlg;gLfpd;w nra;jpapid epidj;J tho;e;jth;fshf ,uz;L tajpy; Kjph;e;j
cs;sq;fshd kztofUk;> jq;fKk; epide;J ,d;gk; mile;jhh;fs;.
vYk;Gk;> NjhYk; tw;wptpl;lJ.
Cd;W Nfhy; Cd;wpagbNa> jd;Dila
mofhd gioa cly; fhyj;jpdhy; rpije;J> ,g;NghJ Fiye;J fplf;fpd;whs;.
vd;Dila taJ Kjph;e;j fz;fspy; ghh;it rhpapy;yhj epiyapy; mtis rhpahfg;
ghh;ff
; Tk; Kbatpy;iy.
MdhYk; mtSila md;ghd cs;sj;jpid kl;Lk;
ghh;j;J vd;Dila kdjpy; ,d;gk; milfpd;Nwd;.
kfpo;rr
; papdhy;
jd;id
myq;fhpj;Jf;
vd;id mj;jhd; vd;W miog;ghs;.
nfhz;bUf;fpd;w
jUzq;fspy;
VjhtJ xU rpy ey;y thh;j;ijfisg;
NgRths;> ehd; mtSila Fuypy; ,dpikahd ahopd; ,irapidf; Nfl;gJ Nghy;
czh;Ntd;.
,g;gb ele;jnjy;yhk; me;j ehl;fspy; MFk;.
Mdhy; ,d;iwa
ehl;fspy; mtisg; ghh;j;J mtSila gps;isfs; mk;kh vd;W miof;fpd;w
Xirapidf; Nfl;L ehd; mjpfkhd kfpo;rr
; papid milfpd;Nwd;.
caph; tho;tjw;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ ey;y kioahFk;. cyfpy; cs;s ey;y
E}y;fis Fiwtpy;yhky; Jwe;jth;fs; ,aw;wpj;jUthh;fs;. me;j ePjp ,yf;fpaq;fspy;
nrhy;yg;gl;lJ
Nghd;w
fhg;ghw;Wthh;fs;.
Kiwapy;
jd;Dila
Kaw;rpapdhy;
kd;dh;fs;
,dpNky; vdf;nfd;d ftiy? me;j taJ Kjph;e;jtshd vd;
kidtp caph;tho;fpd;w fhyk; tiuapYk; vdf;F ,e;j cyfk; kfpo;r;rpapidj; juf;
$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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tho;thq;F tho;e;J KJikapid mile;J tpl;l kztofhpd; cs;sk;
,g;gbj;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. kpFe;j Moj;jpid cila flypy; cs;s ePh; mire;jgbNa
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; hky; me;j
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kl;Lk; vd;Wk; Xa;e;Jtpltpy;iy.
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ntspapy; te;Js;sPhf
; s;? vd;dplj;jpy; vd;dNtz;Lk; vd;W nrhd;dhy; ehd;
nra;Ntd; my;yth? vd;W $wpdhs;.
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nfhz;L te;jpUe;j me;jg; nghhpkhtpid mtsplk; ePl;b rhg;gpL vd;W $wpdhh;!
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
55
mtSk; vLj;J rhg;gpl;lg; gpwF> ,UtUk; kfpo;rr
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kUkfshd
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; pAld; ,U.
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cs;Ns nrd;W ,e;j Ntiyf;fhhpia mDg;gp itj;jhs;.
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,q;Nf mDg;gb vd;W $wpdhh;.
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vd;gJ ,y;ywk;> Jwtwk; vd;w ,uz;Ltifapy; cs;sJ vd;gjidAk; ehd; xU
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
56
NghJk; vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;Nld;.
vd;w $Wfpd;whh;.
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; s; ,itnay;yhk; epiyapy;yhj ,d;g
Jd;gq;fs; MFk;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
57
mg;gbahdhy;
epiyj;j
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kzpapidg; Nghd;w nkhopapidg; NgRk; kidtp.
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mkpo;jhk; Nghd;wtNu> vd;Dila md;ghdNt> ehd; ngw;w ,d;gk; NghJk;> mNjh
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
58
eifKj;J tUfpd;whs;> ek;ikg; ghh;g;gjw;Fs;shf ePq;fs; J}ukhfr; nry;Yq;fs;
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105
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
59
FLk;gj;jpid ahh; ed;whf ,g;gbg; ngUikAld; elj;jg; Nghfpd;whh;fs;? vd;W
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ek;Kila kdjpd; rpwFfs; vd;Wk; Xa;tiltjpy;iy.
thdj;jpy; Vwp>
epyh vd;fpw mkpo;jj;jpid cz;L> goFfpd;w jkpopdpy; ghb rha;jYk; rWf;FjYk;
,y;yhky; xd;wpw;F xd;W Mjuthff; ifg;gpbj;J rypg;gile;jplhJ gq;F.
,Ukzk; ,U kapy;fs;:
nghjpif kiyapy; nfhl;bf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w mUtpfspd; Xir njk;khq;Fg;
ghlyhf xypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
mg;gbg;gl;l kiyapd; Xuj;jpy; njd;wy;
mire;J te;J> Fsph;e;j re;jd kuq;fs; epiwe;j Nrhiyapy; GFe;J tPRfpd;w
fhw;wpdpy; jphpe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Nrhb kapy;fisg; Nghd;wth;fs; ehq;fs;
,UtUk;. vd;Wk; rypg;gile;jplhJ Njid cz;Zfpd;wjhd fhjy; rpl;Lfs;
ehq;fs; nghpa
njd;id kuq;fspy; cs;s fPw;Wfspy; MLfpd;w fpspfisg;
Nghd;wth;fs; ehq;fs;. ehq;fs;> ,ts; ngz;> ehd; Mz; vd;W gphpj;Jzu Kbahj
mstpy; fye;J fplf;fpd;w $l;lkpo;jk; Nghd;wth;fs;’ vd;W kztofh; $wpdhh;.
mtuJ tajhd kidpt jq;fNkh> $r;rj;jpdhy; nespe;jhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
60
‘jd; fztd; J}q;fptpl;lhdh? vd;w re;Njfj;Jld; jhd; ,d;Dk; J}q;fhky;
,Uf;fpd;w jd;ikAil kidtpia vq;Fk; ehk; ghh;f;ftpy;iy ,tisj;jtpu>
Jtz;Lfplf;ff;$ba clypid cilats;> jd; ifapid nkJthfj; JLg;GNghy
jiuapNyNa Johtpj; jto;e;jgbNa jd;Dila fztd; ,Ue;j gLf;ifapidj;
jhtp mile;jhs;.
,Uth; fspg;Gk; ,ak;Gkhwpy;iy:
miwapypU;ej tpsf;F xspapid tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
Mdhy; ,e;j
,Uthpd; tho;f;ifAk; xspapidj; jhz;b tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ntspapy; cs;s
cyfpid ,Us; te;J R+o;fpd;wJ.
tho;e;J
nfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;fs;.
Mdhy; ,th;fs; ,Uisj; jhz;b xsptPrp
nkJthfj;
MdhYk; ve;jtpjkhd gaDk; ,y;iy.
njd;wy;
tPrpf;
mth;fs; ,q;Nf ,y;iy.
nfhz;bUe;jJ.
mth;fSila
kdk; ,uz;Lk; kfpo;r;rpapy; ,Ue;jJ. me;j epiyapypUe;J khwNt ,y;iy.
kdTyfpy; ,Uth; Ngr;Rf;fs;:
,Uthp;d; kdKk; mwpT vd;fpw thdj;jpy; gwf;fj; njhlq;fpagbNa Ngr
‘taJ Kjph;e;jtshdtNs eP vd;Dila epidtpdhy; J}q;fhky;
Muk;gpj;jd.
,Uf;fpd;w jtwpidr; nra;fpd;wha;. mtSk; mtidg; ghh;j;J> ‘chpikAilatNd>
ePq;fSk;
vd;idg;
gw;wpNa
rpe;jj;jgb
J}q;fhky;
tUe;Jfpd;wPh;fs;’
nghpa
njhy;iyahdJ J}f;fkpy;yhky; ,Ug;gJjhd;. ey;y J}f;fk; kpFe;j ,d;gj;jpidj;
jUk;.
xU
ehspy;
ghjp
Neuk;
kl;LNk
J}q;Ffpd;wj;
J}f;fNk
,j;jifa
,d;gj;jpidj; jUk; vd;why;> xU ehs; KOtJk; J}q;Ffpd;w J}f;fk;> ,izapy;yhj
,d;gj;jpidf;
nfhLf;Fk;
my;yth?
‘ngz;Nz>
ve;jd;
kdijf;
ftuhky;
J}q;Fthahf’ vd;whd; fztd;> mtSk; ‘chpik cilatNd ePq;fSk; vd;Dila
kdjpidg; gwpj;jplhky; J}q;fpLq;fs;’ vd;W $wpdhs;.
fdTfs;
,y;yhj
J}f;fkhfpa
ey;y
cyfj;jpy;
J}q;f
Muk;gpj;jhh; fs;
,UtUk;! gpd;dh; tpope;jpUe;jij epidj;J Vq;f Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;! ,d;gj;ijNa
tpUk;gpdhh;fs;.
mjdhy; ‘J}q;FNthk;! mjdhy;jhd; epidj;j ,d;gj;jpid
mila KbAk; ehk; vd;W $wpdh;.
gpwF ed;whfj; J}q;f Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;.
mjd;%yk; ,d;gj;jpidak; mila Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;. mt;thNw tho;fpd;wth;fspd;
cs;sq;fspy; epiwe;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
61
Mrpa N[hjp
ftpkzp Njrpftpehafk; gps;is
Kd;Diu:
kdpjdha;g; gpwe;J flTshd cah;e;j kdpjdpd; cUtj;ij ek; kdjpy;
khwhj Rtlhf Njrpf tpehafk; Mrpa N[hjpia je;Js;shh;.
,e;jpahtpy;
gpwe;jpUe;jhYk;
kw;Wk;
Gj;jhpd;
nfhs;iffs;
rPdh>
[g;ghd;>
may;ehLfspy; tpOJ gug;gpapUg;gJ tpaf;fj;jf;fJ.
vd;gjw;fhfj; jd; mur tho;itj; Jwe;jhh; Gj;jh;.
,yq;if
gpw
kz; gaDw Ntz;Lk;
,e;J kw;Wk; rkz rkq;fspd;
neUf;fbapd; fhuzkhf rpj;jhh;j;jdpd; Nghjpkuk; Njlj;njhlq;fpdh;.
,j;jifa
rpwg;G tha;e;j Gj;jhpd; tho;it thrpf;fp jUzj;jpy;> me;j thof;ifapYk; fhjy;
nghjpe;jpUf;fpwijg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ.
aNrhjiuf;Fk;
Gj;jUf;Fk;
,ilapypUe;j
Gj;jhpd; JwT tho;Tf;F Kd;G
Gdpjkhd
fhjy;
ek;ik
tpaf;f
itf;fpwJ! kdpjDf;F kdpjd; gy;NtW tifahfr; rpije;J fplg;gjw;F fhuzk;
Mirjhd; vd;gij czh;e;j mth; NysfPf tho;itj; Jwe;J> ,e;j caph;fs;
,g;gbnay;yhk; tijgLfpd;wdNt> ,jw;nfy;yhk; cz;ikahd fhuzk; vd;d vd;w
cz;ikiaj; Njl fpsk;gpdh;.
me;j Njlypy; ntw;wpAk; ngw;whh;.
,d;W cyfNk
ngsj;jf; nfhs;iffisf; fz;L tpaf;fpwJ> Nerpf;fpwJ.
Gj;jh; mtjhuk;:
itafj;jpy; cs;s caph;fs; vy;yhk; thbaJ mit topawpahJ tUj;jKw;wJ
cz;ik $Wgth; vtUk; ,t;Tyfpy; ,y;iy.
vz;zhpa nrd;kq;fs; vLj;J Kd;dk;
vt;Tlk;gpd; vt;Taph;f;Fk; ,lh;fise;Njd;
kz;Zyfk; <Nlw ,d;Dk; Xh;fhy;
kdpj cly; jhq;fkdj;J Mir nfhz;Nld;.
,g;gpwg;G ,d;wp NtWgpwg;G vdf;F ,q;F ,y;iy vd;id topgl;L thOk; xg;ghpa
mbath;fs; vth;fF
; k; ,y;iy. ,JNt cz;ik MFk;.
‘thndOe;J tsh; ,ka kiyapd; njd;ghy;
thOk;cah; rhf;fpah;jk; kd;d Df;F
ahDnkhU kfdhfr; nry;Ntd;” vd;whd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,ikatiu Nehf;fpmUs; ,iwtd; khNjh!
Rj;Njhjdd; kidtp myh;kq;if fdT xd;W fz;lhs;.
ve;ehLk; vt;TapUk;
,d;GWfpd;w mstpy; fdT fz;lhs;. mf;fdT vd;dntd;why; fz;Zf;F mofpa
fhl;rpaspj;J fjpnuhsp Nghd;W xsp tPrp jpir vl;Lk; mt;nthsp gutp> fhk
NjDtpd; ghy;epwk; ngw;w mt;nthsp>
‘kd;dDk; kjNtok; Nghd;wpLkPd; - ,e;j
itak; xspu xsptpLkPd;’
vd;wstpy; xspapid tPrpf;nfhz;L tpz;id tpl;L tpiue;J fPopwq;fp tPjpnayhk;
xsp tPrp te;J kz;zfk; te;J Njtp khia tapw;wpy; GFe;jJ. tykUq;fpy; tpz;kPd;
tapw;wpy; gha khNjtp Japy; vOe;J kfpo;r;rpAw;whs;. cyfwpah jpUtUis tpae;J
epd;whs;. xU jhAk; fz;lwpah ,d;gk; fz;lhs;.
fhiyf; fjpNuhd; cjpf;FKd; - Mrpa
fz;l nkyhk; xsp fz;lJNt;
Ntiyj; jpiufs; mlq;fpdNt - jpir
ntw;Gfs; epd;W$j; jhbdNt.
gl;l kuq;fs; jsph;j;jdNt - vq;Fk;
gho;q;fpz Wk;Cwpg; nghq;fpdNt;
jpl;Lj; jplh;kzw; fhLk; - RLfhLk;
rpy;nyd;W G+j;Jr; rpyph;j;jdNt.
rPhpa Xil Fsq;fspNy - ey;y
nre;jh kiufs; kyh;e;jdNt;
ghhpNy mt;tpuhf; fz;l - GJikiag;
ghbl ty;yth; ahNuak;kh!
ntz;ikahd Rlh; cyfpy; Njhd;w> Nrhiyfs; vy;yhk; nghd;dpwkhf
njhpe;jJ. Njtp khia kfpo;rr
; pAld; ,Ue;jhs;. kWehs; kd;dtd; Njtpf; fz;l
fdtpd; gaidg;gw;wp nghpNahhplk; Nfl;lhd;. mjw;F mth;fs; Njtp fz;l fdT
ew;fdT rPuhd mofhd Mz;kfid Njtp ngWths;.
nja;tkfdhthd;.
KOtJk; Ms;thd;.
me;jr; nry;t kfd;
Qhd FUthfp cz;ik cgNjrq;fs; nra;thd;.
,e;jg; Gtp
mtDila kfpikia vLj;Jiug;gJ mt;tsT vspjy;y
vd;whh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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xUehs; gfypy; cr;rpak; nghOjpy;
muz;kid aUfpy; mzpkyh; kyh;e;J
eWkzk; tPRNkhh; ee;j tdj;jpy;
jioAk; G+Tk; jiyapy; jhq;fpf;
Nfhapypy; el;lXh; nfhbkuk; Nghy
tsUNkhh; mNrhf kuj;jpd; epoypy;
khahNjtp te;J epd;wds;.
epw;fNt>
chpa fhyk; cWtij czh;kuk;>
czuhg; nghUnsJk; cyfpdpy; ,y;iy;
kyh;Kb tzq;fp tise;J ftpe;njhU
jiotP lhfr; rike;J epd;wJ.
ghhplk;>
gd;kyh; kyhe;njhU gQ;riz ahaJ;
gf;fj; njhOnkhU ghiwAk; gpse;J>
kjiyia Ml;l kQ;rid ePiu
XLk; mUtpaha; xOf tpl;lJ.
Njtp>
NehT nehk;gyk; Nehf;fh bd;wpNahh;
kftpidg; ngw;W kfpo;r;rp Aw;wds;.
mofhd kfndhU Njtp muz;kidf;F tu Rj;Njhjdd; fhtyh;fSf;F
Mizapl;lhd;.
ehd;F jp;iriaAk; fhf;Fk; fhtyh;fs; epd;W tzq;fpdh;.
nts;spapy; mq;fp mzpe;J nfhz;L ntz;Kj;ij ghprhf nfhz;L te;jhh;
ck;gh;Nfhd;.
ePyf;Fjpiuapy; Vwp ePykzp nfhz;L te;jhh; vkd;.
rpte;j Fjpiu
Nky; Vwp cah;e;j nrk;kzpf; Nflfj;ij ehfh;fs; gilR+o nfhz;L te;jhh; tUzd;.
nghd;dpwkhd FjpiuNawp nghd;dpy; nra;j fpLF Nke;jp a~h;fNshL FNgud;
te;jhh; nja;t kfid fz;L ,th;fs; ahtUk; tzq;fpdh;.
Mz;l tpUJfs; ahTk; fue;JyF
IAwh jq;Fte;jhh; - mth;
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G+z;l tbthy; cilahy; mg;gy;yf;Fg;
Nghfpah; jhNkahdhh;
Njth; ,tnud ahtUq; fz;L
njspe;jplh thWte;J - jpirf;
fhtyh; $br; rptpifiaj; NjhspNy
fhtpna Lj;jdNt.
ck;gUk; md;W kdpjuha; khwp
cyhtpf; fspj;Jepd;whh; - vd;Wk;
mk;Gtp tho ,iwtDk; te;jq;F
mtjhpj; jhd; vdNt.
gpd;dh;> kd;dh; Rj;Njhddplk; fw;wwpe;j nghpNahh;fs; kd;did tzq;fp ,t;thW
$wpdh;.
‘cyfk; KOJk; xUFilf;fo
P ; MSkd;dd;>
myfpy; GfOilahd;> Mz;ikj; jpUTilahd;>
Xuh apukhz;Lf;F xUKiw Njhd;Wtktd;.
rPuhh; ngUkhd;> cd; nry;tkf dha;te;jhd;;
vz;zw; fhpaNgW VOngUk; NgW,e;j
kz;zpy; mtDf;F tha;j;jpUg;g Jz;L Iah!
nja;tPf khd jpUthop xd;whFk;;
va;jw; fhpa ,uj;jpdk; xd;whFk;;
Mfha tPjpnrYk; mRtKk; xd;whFk;;
kjapw; rpwe;jnthU ke;jphp jhDz;L;
rJhpy; jsuhNthh; jsfh;j;jd; jhDz;L;
fhiy jpUtpd; ftpdpw; rpwe;jeq;if
Nrnyhj;j fz;zpnahU NjtpAk; cz;L” vd;whh;.
,tw;iwnay;yhk; Nfl;l kd;dd; kfpo;rr
; pf; nfhz;L tpoh vLf;f Vw;ghL nra;jhd;.
tPjp vq;Fk; Fiy thio fl;bdh; Njhuzk; el;ldh;> Nfhykpl;ldh;> Nfhapy;fspy;
jPgk; Vw;wpdh;> tPjpfspy; kyh;fshy; ge;jy; nra;jdh;> ngz;fs; tpsf;Ffs; Vw;wpdh;>
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Foy; Cjpdh;> gy;NtW tpj;ijfs; nra;jdh; gl;Lr; Nriyfshy; myq;fhuk;
nra;jdh;. ,t;thW efnuq;Fk; tpohf; Nfhyk; G+z;lJ te;j gyehl;L kd;dh;fSk;
tzq;fpdh;.
murd; Rj;Njhjd; jd; kfDf;F rpj;jhh;j;jd; vdg;
ngahpl;lhh;.
,tidf; fhz mrpjkh Kdptd; te;jhh;. Njtp khiaia tzq;fpdhh;. tzq;fpa
Kdpth; ,t;thW $wpdhh;.
mtNd ePahk; Iak; mjw;fpy;iy!
gftd; ePNa! gukd; ePNa!
Gdpjd; ePNa! Guhzd;; ePNa!
jUkd; ePNa! jiytd;; ePNa!
Mjp ePNa! mwNthd; ePNa!
Mapu thuj; jhopahd; ePNa!
cz;ik xspahy; cs;spUs Nghf;fp
ed;ik tpisf;Fk; QhapW ePNa!
ahDk; ,d;Wcd; ,izab gzpe;J>
ghhpw; gpwe;j gandyhk; ngw;Nwd;.
kd;dh; kd;dt! khdplj; jUtpy;
Mapuk; Mapuk; Mz;Lfl;F mg;ghy;
kyhpjd; kzNk mwptpd; kzkha;
xUKiw kyUk; xz;kyh; ,Jthk;.
kyhpjd; kzNk mwptpd; kzkha;
kdj;jpd; khR khw;wpLk;> Iah!
kyhpjd; kJNt mUspd; kJtha;
kd;Daph;fF
; ,d;gk; tsh;j;jpLk;> Iah!
,k;kh kfid <d;wth; Nghy
khjtQ; nra;Njhh; khepyj;;J cz;Nlh?
NkYk;> Kdpth; kd;did ghh;j;J ‘mhpths; Nghy; cd; neQ;rpid mWf;Fk;
neLe;Jah; xd;W ,k;kfthy; cdf;F tUk;.
cdf;F Jd;gk;.
kq;ifah;ff
; urp khahNjtp! tho;fi
; f
mjdhy; Ve;jpa Kj;jpid <d;wgpd; rpg;gp kiwtJ Nghy>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,d;wpypUe;J Vohk; ehs; ,wth ,d;g tPL va;JtJ cz;ik vd;W Kdpth;
ciuj;jhh;.
mUs; chpik:
cyfk; KOJk; xU Filapd; fPo; MSk; mz;zy; muz;kidaUfpy; cs;s
kyh;e;j kyh;fs; epiwe;j ,lj;jpw;F te;jhh;. mg;NghJ Njtjj;jd; vd;ghd; md;dg;
gwit xd;iw mk;ghy; va;j mJ rpj;jhh;j;jd; fhybapy; ,uj;jk; topa tPo;e;jJ.
mjidf; fz;l rpj;jhh;j;jd; md;dg;gwitia jOtp mjd; Ntjid ePf;f
Kw;gl;lhh; mg;NghJ Nrtfd; xUtd; te;J vd; mur Fkud; Xh; md;dg;gwitia
tPo;j;jpdh; tPo;e;j ,lk; ,J vdNt> md;dg;gwitia mDg;Gq;fs; vd;whh;. mjw;F
rpj;jhh;j;jd; gjpYiuahf>
‘va;j mk;gpdhy; - gwit
,we;J tPo;e;jpLNky;>
va;j th;f;fhFk; - chpik;
ahJk; Iakpy;iy.
ePz;l rpwfpdpNy - tpirjhd;
epd;wp Ug;gjy;yhy;>
khz;l jpy;iymd;dk; - caph;j;J
thO fpd;wjg;gh!
re;Njfk; Ntz;lhk; - mjidj;
juK bahjg;gh!
ve;j capiuAk; - fhg;gJ!
vd; flikag;gh!
rhw;Wk; ciuNfl;Lj; - Njt
jj;jdk; Xbte;J>
rPww
; k; vOe;jtdha; - epd;W
nrg;Gk; nkhopapJthk;;
vd;W $w Njtjj;jd;> rpj;jhh;j;jdplk; thjpl;lhd;.
,UtUk; nghpNahhplk;
nrd;W ePjp Nfl;ldh;. mg;NghJ GNuhfpjd; xUtd; jd; ePjpiaf; $wpdhd;.
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‘capiuf; nfhd;wplNt - KaYk;
xUt Df;Fme;j
caphpd; NkNyJk; - chpik
cz;Nlh? $Wk; Iah!
capiuf; fhg;gtNd - vd;Wk;
caph;f;F cilatdhk;;
mah;T Ntz;lhk;> Iah! - ,JNt
mwE}y; tpjp Iah!
,d;Dk; tPz;thjk; - Ngrp
,Ug;gNjd;? Iah!
md;dk; rpj;jhh;j;jd; - nghUshk;
Ia kpy;iy> Iah!”
vd;W ePjp vLj;Jz ur; nra;J
kd;wp ypUe;J kha khf
kiwe;J Nghapdd;; kiwAk; me;Neuk;>
igau nthd;W gJq;fp mt;top
Ch;e;J nry;tij xUtd; fz;ldd;;
rpw;rpy fhiy NjtUk; ,e;j
tbte; jhq;fp tUtJz;L vd;guhy;!
ahNjh cz;ik? ahtNu mwpthh;?
vd;whd;.
fhjy; gpwe;j fij:
mrpjh kh KdpAk;> fdh E}y; fw;wtUk; fzpj;J nrhd;dJk; epfOk;
muz;kid nry;tj;jpy; mtDf;F Mir ,y;iy vdNt ePs; epyk; Guf;Fk; newpapd;
kPJ mtd; Mir nfhs;s cghak; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;wdh;. mwKJ fpotd;
mikr;rd; xU cghak; $Wfpwhd;.
tpoh xd;W vLj;J mt;tpohf; $l;lj;jpw;F
mofpa fd;dpah;fSf;F miog;G tpLg;Nghk; vd;fpd;wdh;.
rhf;fpa ehl;L Mly;
ghly; midj;jpYk; fw;w jpwk; ntspg;gLj;j rpwe;jth;fF
; ghpR toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mofp
vtshy;
mtdJ
jpUKfk;
thl;lk;
ePq;fp
kyh;r;rp
ngWNkh>
mts;
murpsq;Fkud; tho;f;iff;Fhpa kidtpahths; vd;fpd;wdh;. mofpfs; te;jdh;.
rpj;jhh;j;jd; midtUf;Fk; ghpRfis toq;fpdhd; ghpRfs; kPjk; ,y;iy mg;Ngh>
mq;ifaw; fz;zp mofpd; nry;tp
jPq;fisg; gopf;Fk; jpUKf tpyhrpdp
gq;fa kPnjohg; ghf;fpanyl;Rkp
aNrhjiu vd;Dk; nastd Fkhhp
vOe;J te;J NeNujpNu epd;W ‘vdf;f ghpNrJk; <tjw;F ,y;iyNah?” vd;W Nfl;f.
‘,Ue;j ghpRfs; ahTk; Nghapd;
MapDk;>
khefh; Nghw;Wk; kq;ifah; kzpNa!
,jidg; ghprha; Vw;Wf; nfhs;” vdj;
jd;> khh;gpw; fple;j kufj khiyiaf;
fow;wp aNrhjiuf; fd;dpapd; mofpa
jpUtiu Rw;wpr; Nrh;e;J fl;bdd;.
fl;lNt>
fz;fSk; fz;fSk; fte;J Ngrpd>
fz;fSk; fz;fSk; fye;J
Ngrpd Ngr;rpy; gpwe;jJ fhjNy!
rpj;jhh;j;jDf;Fk;> aNrhjiuf;Fk; fhjy; gpwe;jJ.
rpj;jhh;j;jd; Nfl;l Njt fPjk;:
xU ehs; rpj;jhh;j;jd; aNrhjiuapd; me;jg; Guj;jpy; mkh;e;jpUf;fpwhd;.
mofpa tPiznahd;W xU Gwj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.
tPizapypUe;J
xyp
cz;lhfpwJ.
me;j
rpj;jhh;j;jDila nrtpf;F kl;LNk Nfl;fpwJ.
fhw;W tPRk; nghOJ me;j
xypapy;
fye;jpUf;Fk;
NjtfPjk;
NjtfPjj;jpy; nghjpe;Js;s nghUs;
NjLk; ,lq;fnsy;yhk; Xa;T NjbAk; ,y;iy. Xb miyAk; fhw;W ehq;fs; caph;fs;
vy;yhk; gpwf;Fk; ,lk; vJ? ,e;j caph;fs; kPz;Lk; nry;Yk; ,lk; vJ? vq;fpUe;J
ehq;fs; te;Njhk; vjw;fhf te;Njhk; ,e;j cz;ikia mwpthh; ahh;? ehq;f Rj;j
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69
R+dpaj;jpy; epd;W Njhd;wpa Mtpfs; khwptUk; Jauhy; ,d;g tho;T vq;fSf;F
,y;iy. epj;jpa Mde;jj;ij milAk; top gw;wp rpe;jid nra;tha;.
md;G ,Uf;Fnkdpy; - mjpYk;
mst wpanthz;zh
,d;gk; va;jplyhk; - Iak;
ahJ Nkapy;iy;
fz;l tho;tpJjhd; - epiyahf;
fhw;wpd; tho;Ntahk;;
nfhz;l je;jpapd;Nky; - vOk;
FuNy Nghd;wJthk;.
rhyNtcyfk; - Jauhy;
jsh;e;J thLijah!
khiy khiyahf; - fz;zPh;
tba tpLFijah!
tho;T khankDk; - cz;ik
kdj;jpw; nfhs;shky;>
ehSk; iee;jpLjy; - vkf;F
eifg;Ng jUFja;ah!
ePy Nkfe;jhd; - Mizahy;
epiyapy; epd;wpLNkh?
jhyj; NjhLk;ejp - ifahy;
jLf;f khwpLNkh?
Jd;gr ;RopapNy - tpOe;J
RoYk; cyfj;ij
,d;gf; fiuNaw;w - ePAk;
,uq;fpl Ntz;Lk;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
70
,e;j itak; KOtijAk; Mste;j mtjhpj;j IaNd! khag; ngha;ikfisf;
fz;L kaq;fplhNj vd aNrhjiu tPiz ,irj;J NjtfPjk; ghLfpd;whs;.
rpj;jhh;j;jd; JwT:
gs;spaiwapy;
ahNrhjiu
fdhf;fz;L
“fhyk;
te;jJ”
vd;W
tha;
Gyk;Gfpwhs;. rpj;jhh;j;jd; mijf; Nfl;Lf; ftiyapypwq;fp> thdpy; el;rj;jpuq;fisg;
ghh;ff
; pwhd;. chpa fhyk; te;jJ vd;wwpe;jJk; JwT G+zj; Jzpfpwhd;. tpiutpy;
vOe;J kd;dh; Fkud; ntspapy; ,wq;fp thid Nehf;fpdhd;.
Nfhs;fs; vy;yhk;
chpa fhyk; ,Jntd $wpd.
ed;ik jUk;top ehLfpd; widNah?
kzpKb jhq;fp kd;dh; kd;ddha;
ePs;epyk; Guf;f epidf;fpd; widNah?
cyfp Ys;s capnuyhk; ca;a
ehLk; ,oe;J efUk; ,oe;J
tPLk; FbAk; tpl;lt dhfp
jd;de;jdpNa juzpapd; kPJXh;
Mz;b ahf miye;J jphpah
vz;Zfpd;widNah? ahJcd; tpUg;gk;?
njhpe;JeP cs;sk; NjW tha;” vdf;
$wpd; mtDk; Fwpg;gpd; czh;e;jdd;>
vq;Fk; %b ,Uz;l ,Uspy;
fhw;nwhL Kd;dk; fye;J te;j
nja;t fPjKk; nrtpAwf; Nfl;ldd;.
Iakpy;iy> ek;Iad; jq;fpa
epj;jpiu nfhs;Sk; jd; kidtpia tpLj;J KbkPJ Mir KOJk; tpl;Nld;
vd;whh; rpj;jhh;j;jd; Nghh;ff
; sk; nrd;W cjpug;ngUf;fpy; nts;sp vdf;$Wk;
jPtpid ,dp ehd; GhpNad;.
ghiyia thoplkhf;FNtd;.
Viofs; vjndhLk;
md;G nra;Ntd;. NjhoikNahL midth; JzpiaAk; miuapy; mw;WNtd;. njUj;
njUtha; jphpe;J gUf;ifia cz;L gl;bdp Nghf;FNtd; ghhpy; caph;fs; gLk;
Januy;yhk; GFe;J vd; cs;sk; Gz;gLfpd;wJ.
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71
Mjypd;>
,d;g tho;it ,fo;e;J ePf;fpNdd;:
Jd;g tho;itj; Jzpe;J Nghw;wpNdd;>
rpwpa nghpa Njth; jk;Ks;
vy;yhk; ty;yhh; vtUk; csNuh?
,uf;fKs;shh; ,Uf;fpd; wdNuh?
fz;zhy; mtiuf; fz;lth; cz;Nlh?
tzq;fp epj;jk; topgL Nthh;f;Fmth;
nra;jpLk; ed;ik rpwpJk; csNjh?
vj;jid vj;jid vj;jid kdpjh; md;d rhiyapy; me;jzh; epjKk;
cz;L fspf;f cztpL fpd;wdh;?
md;dpah;f;F my;y mbath;f;F vdpDk;
,t;Ty fjdpy; ahJk; xUeyk;
nra;jwp ahj Njtiu Nehf;fpf;
‘fq;fh juNd> fz;z gpuhNd!
fhg;gha; fhg;gha; fhg;gha;’ vd;d>
(md;gpd; kpFjpNah? mr;rNkh mwpNak;)
njhOJ Nghw;Wk; Njhj;jpug; ghf;fs;
thdpy; Koq;Fk; ty;ypb Nghy
caph;fs; milAk; Xahj; JaNuhahJk; xUJah; ,k;kp asTk;
ePq;fp> vtUk; epj;jpah de;j
tho;tile;J ,q;F tho;tJk; cz;Nlh?
mUik kq;ifah; md;G epiwe;J
rpf;fpr; Roe;W jpifg;GNthNu>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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cyfpy; thOk; caphpd; gpwg;gplk;
mwp;tpw; nfl;lh jhapDk;> mt;Taph;>
gbg;gb aha; ,g; gbapd; kPJXh;
mZtha;f; nfhRtha; mhpf;Fk; Gotha;
ghk;gha; kPdha;g; gwitaha; kUfkha;
kdpjdha;g; G+jkha; thDiw Njtdha;j;
nja;tkha;j; Njhd;wpj; jpUk;gTk; mt;top
kz;zha; mZtha; khWjy; ,ay;ghk;
Mjypd;>
kf;fs; tUe;jp tho;fpd;wdh; Cikfs; Nghy csUfpd;wdh;.
clypd;
cWjpAk;> Cf;fKk; cilNahd; fhrpdp Ms epidg;ghNd Mdhy; ed;ik jPik
ve;ehSk;
xd;wha;f;
fye;J
kfpo;rr
; pAilNahd; vd;whh;.
jq;Fk;
,f;fhrpdp
kPJ
tho;tjpy;
kpf;f
NkYk; vd;Fb> vd;fpis> vd;tho;T> vd;Rfk;> vd;
,sk; gUtk;> vd; rpq;fhrdk;> ehd; thOk; muz;kid ahTk; ntWj;Njd; vd;
md;gpd; cUtk; aNrhjiuiaAk; kwe;J> fhjypy; kyh;e;j tapw;wpy; tsUk; kftpid
kwe;J> cz;ik Qhdk; ,t;Tynfyhk; xspur; nra;tJ vd; fld; rpwpJ fhyk;
gphpfpNwd; vdf; $wp thb tUe;Jk; kd;Dapnuy;yhk; milAk; Jd;gk; midj;Jk;
xopf;f ,utpy; Qhdp rpj;jhh;j;jd; nrd;whh;.
Gj;jUk; Vior; rpWtDk;:
muz;kidapypUe;J ntspg;gl;Lr; nrd;w Gj;jh; top ele;j fisg;ghy;
Nrhh;e;J fple;jhh;. mtiuf; fz;l Xh; ,ilr; rpWtd;> jhd; jho;e;j Fyj;jpddhjy;
gw;wp> jd; fyaj;jpy; ghy; fwe;J mtUf;Ff; nfhLf;fj; jaq;fpdhd;.
gpwg;gpdhy;
cah;T jho;Tfs; ghul;lyhfhJ vd;W Gj;jh; mtDf;F Nghjpj;j tuyhW.
MLfs; Nka;j;J te;j Mah; rpWtd; thbf;fple;j rpj;jhh;j;jd; kaf; fk; njspa
jiofs; ntl;b epoy; ju el;lhd; gpd; nts;shL xd;iw mioj;J te;J ts;sy;
kaf;fk; njspa thapy; kLit itj;J ghiyf; fwe;J tpl;lhd;.
rpj;jhh;j;jd; fyj;jpy; ghiyf; Nfl;lhd;.
kaf;fk; njspe;j
Mdhy; rpWtd; jPz;lj;jfhjtd; vd;W
$w ts;sy; ,t;thW $wpdhh;.
XLk; cjpuj;jpy; - tbe;J
xOFk; fz;zPhpy;>
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Njbg; ghh;j;jhYk; - rhjp
njhpt Jz;Nlh mg;gh!
vth; clk;gpdpYk; - rptg;Ng
,uj;j epwkg;gh!
vth;tpop ePh;f;Fk; - cth;g;Ng
,aw;iff; Fzkg;gh!
new;wpapy; ePWk; - khh;gpy;
ePz;l G+Z}Yk;
ngw;W,t; cyFjdpy; - vtUk;
gpw;ej Jz;Nlh mg;gh!
gpwg;gpdhy; vth;f;Fk; - cyfpy;
ngUik thuhjg;gh!
rpwg;G Ntz;Lnkdpy; - ey;y
nra;if Ntz;Lk;> mg;gh!
ed;ik nra;gtNu - cyfk;
ehLk; Nkw;Fyj;jhh;;
jpd;ik nra;gtNu - mz;bj;
jPz;l xz;zhjhh;.”
rpj;jhh;j;jd;
$wpa
nkhopf;
Nfl;L
Mah;
rpWtd;
fyj;jpy;
ghiyf;
fwe;J
nfhLj;jhd;. rpj;jhh;j;jd; jsh;r;rp ePq;fpdhd;.
fUizf;fly;:
mur tho;itj; Jwe;J es;sputpy; ntspg;gl;Lr; nrd;w Gj;jh;> gpk;gprhu
kd;dDila ahfj;Jf;fhf nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l Ml;L ke;ijapyd; kj;jpapy;>
Jd;Gw;wpUe;j xU nehz;b Ml;L Fl;bia jk; Njhspy; Rke;J nfhz;L nrd;W>
ahfrhiyia
mile;J>
kd;dDf;F
mwTiu
Nghjpj;J
ehnlq;Fk;
caph;f;
nfhiyia epWj;jpa tuyhW.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,j;jidAk; fz;Lkdk; ,uq;fp> nehz;Lk;
,skwpia ,Ufuj;jpd; vLj;J. itak;
mj;jidAk; jhq;FGak; mzpa Ve;jp>
mUSUthk; mz;zYk; mj;jhia Nehf;fp;
ts;sYk; cs;sk; tUe;jp> ahDk; - me;j
khkfk; fhz tUNtndd;W>
Js;Sk; kwpAQ; Rke;Jnfhz;L - jhAk;
Nrh;e;J njhlu top ele;jhh;.
khNde;Jk; <rDsk; ehz> Ml;bd;
kwpNae;J ngUq;fUizg; Gdpj ts;sy;>
thNde;J kjpy;kPJ nfhbfs; MLk;
khefhpd; jpUthapy; te;jNghJ;
gpk;gprhud;
,iwj;jdh;.
ahrrhiy
eLtpdpy;
te;jhh;.
ke;jpuk;
Xjpdh;
MLfs; ntl;ba ,lk; cjpu Mwhf XbaJ.
gz;lq;fs;
thhp
,jidf; fz;l
rpj;jhh;j;jd; gpk;gprhud; Kd; Njhd;wp>
‘thOk; caphpid thq;fptply; - ,e;j
kz;zpy; vth;f;Fk; vspjhFk;;
tPOk; cliy vOg;GjNyh - xU
Nte;jd; epidf;fpDk; Mfhijah!
Ml;bd; fOj;ij mWj;Jg; nghRf;fpePh;
Mf;fpa ahfj;J mtpAzit
<l;Lk; fUiz ,with; iffspy;
Ve;jpg; Grpg;gNuh? $Wikah!
ike;jUs; Cik kfid xUkfd;
thshy; mhpe;J fwprikj;jhy;
je;ijAk; fz;L fspg;gJz;Nlh? - ,ijr;
rw;WePh; Nahrpj;Jg; ghUikah!
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gps;isiaf; nfhd;W fwp rikj;jPh; - mjd;
ngw;Nwhiu cz;z mioj;Jepd;wPh;;
ts;sNs cs;se; njspe;jtNu
kd;Dap nuy;yhk; cyfpyt; - xUjhapd;
kf;fnsd; Wz;ik mwpe;jpyPNuh?
jd;Daph; Nghw;wpg; ngUk;gop nra;tJ
rz;lhsh; fz;l newpayNth?
ghhpy; cjpuk; Fspg;gjdhy; - xU
ghtKk; ePq;Ft jpy;iyIah!
jhnad ek;gp tUk;capiu - ahf
rhiy eLtpy; fplj;jpxU
Ngnadf; fPwpg; gpsg;gjdhy; - vd;d
,jidf; Nfl;l kd;dd; gpk;gprhud; kdk; jpUk;gpdhd; md;W Kjy; khjk; Kk;khhp
nghope;jJ> ehL nropj;jJ> efuk; rpwe;jJ> nrk;ik tsh;e;jJ> jPik Nja;e;jJ.
Gj;jd; ciu nghd;DiuahdJ.
Gj;jUk; R[hijAk;:
gukjahsd;> R[hij ,UtUk; Nrdhdpapy; trpj;J te;jdh;.
mwpTki; cilath;.
cz;ikAk;>
vspikAk;> nghWikAk;> ,uf;fKk; cilath;fs; ,UtUk;
,y;ywk; ,dpJ elj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. mth;fSf;F ike;jd; ,y;yhf; Fiw ,Ue;jJ.
Njtp R[hij jpdk; jpdk; muR Rw;wpdhs; Nehd;G gy Nehw;whs;.
nghw;wh tq;fs; nghypTw vLj;J
tdj;jpd; nja;tk; tho;kuj; jbapy;
itj;J epd;W tzq;FNtd; vd;nwhU
Neh;j;jpf; flDk; Neh;e;jp jpUe;jdh;.
mg;ghy;>
jpUtU shnyhU nry;tf; Fkuidg;
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ngz;kzp atSk; ngw;wds;D; ngw;W
%d;W khjk; Kw;wpa gpd;dh;>
xUif>
ike;jid Nae;jp khh;NghL mizf;f>
xUif>
NjtpDf; Fhpa jPQ;Rita KJ
jhq;fpa fyrj;ijj; jhq;f> xUehs;
mltpapy; mike;j Myak; Nehf;fp
md;d nkdmts; mire;J nrd;wds;.
kuj;jpd; mbapy; itafk; tho khjtk; nra;Ak; ts;siyf; fz;lds;.
Ntz;b epd;wdd;
Ntz;Ljy; Nfl;lts;
kjiyapd; kPJfz; itj;j tz;zNk>
‘rpe;ijapy; vz;zk; rpj;jp ahFf’
vd;W tho;j;jpds;. Ve;jpa kjiy>
(mwr;rpW kjiyfs; mwpQUk; mwpnahzh
mhpa cz;ikfs; mwpe;jpLk; vd;gh;)
flTs; Kdptidf; fz;Ljd; fuq;fis
ePl;ba mjprak; epidj;jw;F mhpajhk;!
IaDk;>
cz;l czthyt; cly;typ Aw;Wr;
rpe;ij Kw;Wk; njspe;jtdhfp>
thlh kyh;fs; kyh;e;J nrhhpAk;
Nghjp tpUl;rk; nghypG+q; fhtpid
ehbr; nrd;wdd; Qhdk; ngwNt.
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77
Gj;jUk; kfdpoe;j jhAk;:
rpwpJ fhyQ; nry;y> R[hijapd; kfT ,we;J tpLfpwJ.
mg;NghJ Gj;jh;
mt;T+h; tu mts; jd; kfit caph;g;gpf;FkhW mtiu Ntz;Lfpwhs;.
mth;
mtSf;F mwpTiu $wp> ‘gpwg;GsNjy; ,wg;G Kz;L’ vd;gijg; Nghjpf;fpwhh;.
jiyehspy; eP fz;l rpWkfDk; ,d;W
js;shLk; capNuhL fplf;fpd;whd; Iah!
njhiyahj nfhLk;ghtp ahDk;,dp ,e;jj;
njhy;Yyfpy; tho;tjp;Nyhh; gaDz;Nlh Iah?
ghy;kzk; khwhj rpW ghyfd; mwpahky; gl muit gz;lnkdf; nfhz;L
tpisahb tpl;lhd;.
md;ghf mutpl;l rpWKj;jk; mtd; capiu kha;j;J tpl;lJ.
ngw;w tapW Jbf;FJ gps;is NtW vdf;F ,y;iy cs;sk; ,uq;f Ntz;Lk; Iah
vd;fpwhs; R[hij. mjidf; Nfl;l Gj;jd; ,t;thW $Wfpwhh;.
‘jhNa! epd; kdf;ftiy - xope;jplj;
jf;fey; kUe;jspg;Ngd;;
Nrapid vOg;gpLNtd; - tpisahbj;
jphpaTk; nra;jpLNtd;.
ehtpa fLFNtz;Lk; - mJTNkhh;
ehThp jhDk; Ntz;Lk;
rhtpid mwpahj - tPl;bdpy;
je;jjh apUf;fNtz;Lk;!
gf;fkhk; gjpfspNy - nrd;WeP
ghh;j;jpJ thq;fpte; jhy;>
Jf;fKk; mfYk;kh! - Foe;ijAk;
Rfkhf thOkk;kh!”
vd;Wiuj;j nkhopNfl;L> mt;Ntio khh;gpy;
Ve;jp;aizj; jpLkfNdhL Chpy; vq;Fk;
nrd;WfL fpue;JntWq; ifa shfpj;
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jpUk;gpKdp jpUtbiar; rpuNkw;nfhz;L>
ehtpf;nfhopj;j ehThpf;fLF mse;J vd; kbapy; mspj;jpl te;jtdplk; cd; tPL
rhtwpahj jdp kidah vdf;Nfl;Nld;.
vd; ciuf; Nfl;L fztid ,oe;j
ifk;ngz;> je;ijia ,oe;j jkpad;> ike;jid ,oe;j twpatd;> jikaid ,oe;j
jq;if> khkid ,oe;j kUfp> md;idia ,oe;j mfjp vd;g gpwe;jth; ,wg;gJk;
,we;jth; gpwg;gJk; cyfpd; ,aw;if vd MWjy; nkhopf; $wpdh;.
‘IakpL kidfspNy kuz nkd;Wk;
mwpahj kidnaJk;,y;iy apy;iy;
itafj;jpy; gpwg;GsNjy; ,wg;G Kz;L;
khw;whpa tpjpapJntd; Wzh;e;J nfhz;Nld;;
ifakh;e;j kftpidAk; fhdp ypl;Nld;;
fz;tpopahg; gpzk;itj;Jf; fhg;g Jz;Nlh?
nra;ajpU tbgzpe;J Nghw;wp ,e;jr;
nra;jpapidj; njhptpf;f te;Njd;” vd;whs;.
vq;Fk; ,y;yhj nghUs; Njlr; nrd;w eP jhd; epidj;j nghUis ngw;W te;jha;.
,e;jg; nghpa epyj;jpy; cz;iknay;yhk; ehd; mwpa nry;fpNwd;. mk;kh cd; kfid
mlf;fk; nra;a ‘Ngh’ vd;W Gj;jd; ciuj;jhd;.
gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;
fl;Liu tpdh
1. rpd;df; Fapypd; fijf; $Wf?
2. Fapy; ghl;by; $wg;gLk; fijapid vOJf.
3. Fapy; ghl;by; mikAk; fw;gidia tpsf;Ff.
4. Fapy; ghl;by; $wg;gLk; Ntjhe;jf; fUj;jpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
5. Fapy; ghl;by; fw;gidg; ghj;jpuq;fis tpthp.
6. rpj;jhh;j;jdpd; gpwg;G Fwpj;J vOJf.
7. rpj;jhh;j;jd; Nfl;l NjtfPjk; ahJ?
8. R[hijapd; fijapid tpthp?
9. Gj;jd;> Vior;rpWtdpd; fijf; Fwpj;J fl;Liu tiuf.
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myF - 2
gpujhg Kjypahh; rhpj;jpuk;
Ntjehafk; gps;is
‘gpujhg Kjypahh; rhpj;jpuk; kA+uk; Ntjehafk; gps;is (1826 - 1889) vOjpa
jkpo; GjpdkhFk;.
,e;jf; fijf;F epiyf;fsk; njd; ,e;jpah.
fjh ehafd; ,g;
gf;fj;jth;; ed;F fy;tp gapd;wth;; kfh Gj;jprhyp; eifr;RitAlDk; mwpTr; Rlh;
tPRk; tifapYk; Ngr ty;yth;. mth; jdJ gpwg;G tsh;g;G> ngw;Nwhh;> fy;tp gapd;wJ>
jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lJ Nghd;w jdJ tho;f;ifapy; Kf;fpakhd rk;gtq;fis
tpthpf;fpwhh;.
Ngr;Rf;fSk;
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‘Qhdk;ghs;’. Mz;Ntlk; G+z;L kNfhd;dj rf;jp ngw;W> Gj;jp rhJhpaj;JlDk;>
jpwikAlDk; Ml;rp Ghpfpwhs;.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fjehafdpd; je;ijAk;> khkdhUk; cah; FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jth;fs;; Mdhy;
fy;tpg; NgW ngwhj ehl;L kf;fs;; tr;rpug; Nghf;Filath;fs;; tprpj;jpu Fzk;
gilj;jth;fs;.
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je;jpuq;fshy; mth;fsplk; kaq;fpf; fple;j ew;gz;Gfs; gpufhrpj;J> mth;fSk;
Gfoj;jf;f nray;Ghpfpd;wdh;.
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fhz;fpNwhk;.
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rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
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cyfj;Njhhplk; nghJthff; fhzg;gLk;
gyfPdq;fSk; FiwghLfSk; Mq;fhq;Nf Nfyp nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
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gf;jp Gfl;lg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. FLk;gj;jpw;Fk;> r%fj;jpw;Fk; ahtUk; nra;aNtz;ba
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jPaij
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jkpopy; Kjy; ehty; vd;W Ngrg;gLk; ,e;ehtypy; eifr;Rit JZf;Fs;
gyjkpo; rpdpkhtpy; eifr;Ritahf ,lk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd.
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,we;J tpl;l nra;jpia $WtJ Nghd;wtw;iw Fwpg;gplyhk;.
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tpl;l GNuhfpjh;> gpd;dh; mij njhpe;J nfhz;L ,uT kzg;ngz;fs; J}q;Fk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
81
miuf;F te;J jhyp ,y;yhj xU ngz;zpw;F jhyp fl;b tpl Kaw;rpf;Fk; nray;
ey;y eifr;Rit.
fUj;Jf;fs;:
fy;tp nry;tk; gilj;jtUf;F Njit ,y;iy vd;W gpujhg Kjypahh;
Fwpg;gpLk; nghOJ> mtuJ mz;iz> fy;tpapd; rpwg;ig mofhf tpsf;Ffpwhh;
gpujhg Kjypahh; fy;tp fw;W Kbj;j cld;> mtuJ Mrphpah;> ‘Vl;Lf;fy;tp jhd;
Kbe;jNj md;wp fy;tp m];jpthuj;jpw;F gyNd ,y;iy.” vd;W mofhf $Wfpwhh;.
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gpujhg
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gy ,lq;fspy; njhpfpd;wd. tPl;il tpl;L Xbr;nrd;W jpUkzk; nra;ayhk; vd;w
gpujhg Kjypahhpd; Nahridia epuhfhpj;J> Qhdhk;ghs; nrhy;Yk; gjpy;> mofhf
,Uf;fpwJ.
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toq;fg;gl;lijf; fz;L mth;fspd; kidtpah; mOJ Gyk;g> gpujhg Kjypahhpd;
jhahh; kl;Lk; rpe;jpj;J nray; gl;L mth;fis me;j ,f;fl;bypUe;J kPl;nlLf;fpwhh;.
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Njtuh[ gps;isaplk; mofhf tpsf;Ffpwhd;.
jhd; xU &gha; jpUbajw;F
jz;lid vd;why;> murh;fs; gyUk; gy ehLfSf;F gil vLj;J nrd;W mq;Nf
nfhs;isabf;fpd;wdNw mjw;F vd;d jz;lid vd;W Nfl;fpwhd;.
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tof;if re;jpf;Fk; xU fldhsp> ‘tWikapd; fhuzkhf nrhw;g gzj;ij jpUg;gp
juhj vdf;F fLk; jz;lid vd;why;> tq;fpfspy; gy Mapuk; fld; thq;fp jpUg;gp
juhjth;fSf;F vd;d jz;lid?”> vd;W tpdTfpwhd;.
1. yQ;r Coy;
2. ngha; rhl;rpak; ciuj;jy;
3. ngha; rhd;wpjo; mspj;jy;
4. gpwh; kidtpia ngz;lhLjy;
5. murhq;f nrhj;ij mgfhpj;jy;.
Nghd;w gy Fw;wq;fis mf;fhyj;jpYk; muR gjtpapy; ,Ue;Njhh; nra;J te;jdh;
vd;W xUth; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
gphpl;b\hh; Mz;bUe;jhy;
,e;j Njrk; ed;whf
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd;Wk; epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f> mth;fs; Ml;rpapYk; murpay;
kw;Wk; r%f rPh;NfLfs; gy ,Ue;jd vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.
Ntl;ilf;F nrd;w fztid Njbr; nrd;w Qhdk;ghs; jw;nrayhf xU
ehl;bd;
murpahfp
tpl>
mij
mts;
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fhuzk;
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,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mofhf Qhdk;ghs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhs;. gpw ];j;hpfs; fhzhj
khh;GilatdhfTk;>
vjphpfs;
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vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> mth;fs; jkpopNyNa tof;F tprhuizapd;
NghJ Ngr Ntz;ba mtrpaj;ijAk; mofhf tpsf;Ffpwhh;. ,t;thW ghuhl;lj;jf;f
tp\aq;fs; gy ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j ehtypy; mf;fhyj;J tho;f;if Kiw njspthf
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Fwpg;ghf mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j Fy Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; Ngrg;gl;Ls;sd.
jPz;lhikAk;> ngz;zbikAk;:
gpujhg Kjypahh; eifr;Ritahf ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
‘vy;NyhUf;Fk;
khpahij ju Ntz;Lk; vd;W vd; jhahh; Fwpg;gpl;ljhy; ehd; vd; tPl;bw;F tUk;
tz;zhDf;Fk; Njhl;bf;Fk; $l khpahij FLj;Njd;” NkYk; gpujhg Kjypahhpd;
je;ijAk;> rk;ge;jp KjypahUk; rz;il NghLk; nghOJ> ‘eP tz;zhd; guk;giu
my;yth?”
vd;Wk;>
nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
‘eP
mk;gl;ld;
guk;guiu
my;yth?”
vd;Wk;
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mjhtJ KbjpUj;Jk; njhopNyh my;yJ Jzp Jitf;Fk;
njhopNyh nra;tNj ghtk; vd;Wk;> mth;fSf;F khpahij nfhLg;gJk; eifg;Gf;
Fwpa nranyd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
NkYk; Mq;fhq;Nf mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ngz;zbikj;jdk; ed;whfNt
njhpfpwJ.
cjhuzj;jpw;F> gpujhg Kjypahh;> jdJ kditpahd Qhdhk;ghsplk;
ngz;fis cah;j;jp NgRk; nghOJ> ‘,e;ehl;by; jdJ fzth; ,we;j cld; jhDk;
cld;fl;il Vwpa gjptpuijfs; gyh; cs;sdh;.” vd;fpwhh; NkYk; nghy;yhj fztd;>
kidtp gw;wp mth;fs; NgRk; nghOJ> nghy;yhj fztid (tpgr;rhhpfSld; nrd;w
fztid) nghUik fhl;b kidtp jpUj;jpdhs; vd;Wk;> nghy;yhj idtpia
(gpbthj Fzk; cs;s kidtpia) gpwk;ghy; mbj;J fztd; jpUj;jpdhs; vd;Wk;
$Wfpwhh;. ,jpy;> xOf;fk; ,y;yhj fztid jpUj;j kidtpf;F topahf $wpaJ
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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nghUik> Mdhy; gpbthj Fzk; nfhz;l kidtpia jpUj;j fztDf;F topahf
$wpaJ jz;l cghak;> NkYk; cld;fl;il Vwpath;fNs gjptpuijfs; vd;fpwhh;. Gyp
Juj;jpf; nfhz;L tUk; nghOJ jq;fSila kidtpfis tpl;L tpl;L Xb xspe;j
fzth;fis ghh;j;J mth;fsJ kidtpah; Xba nghOJ mth;fsJ fhy;fspy;
Kl;fs; Fj;jp ,Uf;FNk vd;W ftiy nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
gpujhg Kjypahhpd; jhahh; mtuJ fztiuAk;> gpujhg KjypahiuAk; kw;Wk;
gyiuAk; xU ,f;fl;bypUe;J fhg;ghw;wpa cld; mtiu ghuhl;l gyh; tUfpwhh;fs;.
mt;thW te;jth;fspy; mNefk; Ngh; gwp GU\h;fs; Mifahy; mth;fis gpujhg
Kjypahhpd; jhahiu ghh;f;f mDkjpf;ftpy;iy.
mjhtJ cwtpdh;fs; my;yhj
Ntw;W Mz;fs; jk; tPl;L ngz;fis ghh;f;f $l mDkjp ,y;iy vd;w epiyjhd;
mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ.
,jd; cr;r fl;lkhf fyhr;rhu rPuopT vd;W xU cjhuzk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
mJ vd;dntd;why;> xU Mz; gpw GU\h;fs; gq;F nfhs;Sk; gy tpNr\q;fSf;F
jd;Dila kidtpia $l;b nry;fpwhd;. ,jdhy; mtd; nfl;L rPuope;jhd; vd;W
$Wfpwhh;.
,ij vy;yhk; ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ jPz;lhikAk;> ngz;zbikAk;
mf;fhyj;jpy; (1850 fspy;) gbj;j kf;fspilNa $l jiy tphpj;J MbaJ vd;gJ
njspthfpwJ.
MdhYk; ,j;jifa Kfk; Rspf;Fk; fUj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk;
Mrphpahpd; fUj;jhf nfhs;shky; mf;fhyj;J tho;fi
; f Kiw ,t;thW jhd;
,Ue;jJ vd;gij czh;e;J ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ ,J xU ey;y etPdk; vd;W $wyhk;.
jkpo;
,yf;fpa
cyfpy;
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Kjy;
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cz;ikia
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ghh;j;Njhkhdhy;> ,J xU rpwe;j gilg;G.
miy Xir
fy;fp
,jpfhrq;fs; njhlq;fp ,e;ehisa etPdk; tiu cyfpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;s
,yf;fpaq;fs;
gytw;wpYk;
xU
Kk;Kidg;
Nghuhl;lj;ijf;
fhzyhk;.
xU
fjhehafd;> xU fjhehafp> xU tpy;yd; vd;w hPjpapy; mike;jpUf;Fk;> tpy;yd;
Mz;ghyhfNth>
Kk;Kidg;
ngz;ghyhfNth
Nghuhl;lj;ijj;
jhd;
,Uf;fyhk;.
ghh;f;fpNwhk;.
vdpDk;
mbg;gilapy;
epfo;rr
; pfs;>
,e;j
re;jh;g;gq;fs;>
kNdhghtq;fs;> r%fg; gpuf;iQ my;yJ rhpj;jpu Nehf;F Nghd;w gy mk;rq;fs;
ehtYf;F ehty; NtWgl;lhYk; ,e;j mbg;gil Kk;Kidg; Nghuhl;lk; vjpYk;
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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miy Xirapd; xU jdpr;rpwg;G ,e;j Kk;Kidg; Nghf;fpid fy;fp ,e;j
ehtypy; cilj;njwpe;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;gJ.
‘,e;j ehtypd; fjhehafd; R+hpauhftd; vd;gJ rpyrkak; GhpahJ> uhftNd
gpujhd
fjhehafd;
vd;W
nfhs;NthNkahdhy;
mtNd
gy
re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
tpy;yd;Nghy; ele;J nfhs;fpwhd;. mNj Nghy R+hpahitg; gy ,lq;fspy; tpy;yd;
vd;W epidf;fj; Njhd;Wk;.
Mdhy; mtNd xU fjhehafid tplTk; rpwe;j
Kiwapy; jpahfq;fs; Ghpfpd;whd;.
jhhpzp> rPjh Mfpa ,Uthpy; ahh; gpujhd
fjhehafp> ahh; ,uz;lhk; gl;rk; vd;Nw eph;zapf;f KbahJ.
,jidf; fy;fp
mth;fNs Fwpg;gpl;L vOjpapUf;fpwhh;.
kdpjh;fshfg; gpwg;gth;fs; vy;NyhUNk tbf;fl;bd tpy;yd;fshfNth my;yJ
ghpG+uz
fjhehafh;fshfNth
cyfpy;
Njhd;Wtjpy;iy.
mtutUk;
Fz
,ay;GfSf;F Vw;g xt;nthU re;jh;g;gj;jpy; xt;nthU khjphp ele;J nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
,e;jf;
fijaif;
fjhghj;jpuq;fNsjhd;
vOjpapUf;fpwhh;fs;.
Mrphpad;
nra;jpUg;gnjy;yhk; gjpndl;L tU\j;J ,e;jpa NjrPa ,af;fj;jpd; tuyhw;iw
,e;jf;
fijf;Fg;
gpd;dzpahf
mikj;J
nfhLj;jpUg;gJ
jhd;.
1930
-
k;
Mz;bypUe;J 1947 - k; Mz;Ltiuapy; ekJ jha;j; jpUehl;bd; rhpj;jpuj;jpy; gy
mw;Gj rk;gtq;fs; epfo;e;jd.
fhe;jp kfhj;khtpDila Mj;krf;jp NfhlhD Nfhb kf;fspd; cs;sq;fspy;
Ml;rp Ghpe;jJ.
kf;fspd; ntsp tho;f;ifapYk; cs;sg; Nghf;fpYk; vj;jid
vj;jidNah Gul;rpfs; ele;jd.
mitnay;yhk; ‘miy Xir”f;Fg; gpd;dzp
rq;fPjkhfj; njhlh;e;J te;J nfhz;bUg;gij ,e;E}ypy; fhzyhk;. NfhlhD Nfhb
kf;fspd; fdT epiwNtwpg; ghuj ehL Rje;jpuk; milAk; fhyk; neUq;fpaNghJ>
fhe;jp kfhdpd; Mj;krf;jpf;F vjpuhf ehrfhu rf;jpfs; fpsk;gpf; fh;z nfh^ukhd
$r;rYld;
Nfhu
gaq;fuj;
jhz;ltkhbd.
MapDk;
,e;j
ehrfhu
rf;jpfisnay;yhk; kfhj;khtpd; Mj;krf;jp Kwpabj;J ntw;wpr; rq;fk; Koq;fpaJ
me;j mw;Gj tuyhWk; ,e;jf; fijf;Fg; gpd;dzpahf mike;Js;sJ.
‘cyfj;jpy; Vd; jPikfSk; Jd;gq;fSk; epfOfpd;wd. cyfpNy gpwe;j rpyh;
vg;NghJk;
Rfkhf
Jd;gj;jpNyNa
,Ue;J
Roe;W
fhyq;
fple;J
fopj;J
tpl;L
tpl;Lg;
,d;gk;
NghtNjd;?
vd;gijNa
kw;Wk;
mwpahky;
gyh;
capiu
tpLtNjd;? flTs; ,j;jifa gl;rghjk; Vd; fhl;Lfpwhh;? ,t;tsT nfh^ukhd
Jd;gq;fis
kf;fSf;F
Vd;
mwpf;fpwhh;?”
vd;Dk;
Nfs;tpfs;
gFj;jwpT
rpwpNjDKila xt;nthU tUila cs;sj;jpYk; vOk; ,e;jf; Nfs;tpfs; gy
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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rkaq;fspy; miyj;jJz;L.
yypjhTk; rPjhTk; jhhpzpAk; R+hpahTk; Nkw;$wpa
Nfs;tpfSf;F ,e;E}ypy; gpd; tUkhW tpil mspj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.
‘md;id xUj;jpf;F ehY Foe;ijfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
%d;W Foe;ijfs;
RfkhapUf;fpd;wd. xU Foe;ij kl;Lk; Neha;g;gl;L nkype;J NghapUf;fpwJ. mjd;
[Puz rf;jp Fd;wpapUf;fpwJ.
gLf;ifahapUf;fpwJ.
nfhLf;fpwhh;.
vOe;J elg;gjw;F Kbahky; me;jf; Foe;ij gLj;j
jhahh; kw;w %d;W Foe;ijfSf;Fk; ey;y tskhd czT
NrhWk;
fwptiffSk;
gl;rzq;fSk;
ghYk;
goKk;
mf;Foe;ijfSf;F Cl;;Lfpwhs;.
nkype;j Nehahspf; Foe;ijf;F mj;jifa ey;y czT nfhLf;fhky; ntWk;
fQ;rp nfhLf;fpwhs;.
Nehahspf; Foe;ij vd;d epidf;fpwJ? ‘ghh; ek;Kil
jhahUf;Fj;jhd; vj;jid gl;rghjk;? ehd; nkype;jtd;; vdf;F ey;y Ngh\hf;F
Ntz;Lk;;
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vd;Dila
mth;fSf;F vd; md;id ey;y
G\;bahd czitf; nfhLf;fpwhs;! ,J vd;d mepahak;? ,J vd;d gl;rghjk;!’
vd;W vz;zkpLfpwJ.
Foe;ij rpw;wwpT gilj;jJ.
mjdhy;
mjw;Fj;
jd; jhapd; nray;
mh;j;jkhftpy;iy. jd; Nghpy; cs;s md;gpdhNyjhd; md;id mt;tpjk; jdf;Fg;
gj;jpakhff; fQ;rp nfhLf;fpwhs; vd;gij mf;Foe;ij mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
cz;ikapy; jd; jhahh; kw;Wk; %d;W Foe;ijfisAk; tplj; jd;idg; gw;wpNa Xahf;
ftiy nfhz;bUf;fpwhs; vd;gij mf;Foe;ij mwpatpy;iy.
flTisg; gw;wpg; Gfhh; $Wk; khe;jh;fs;
me;jf; Foe;ijapd; epiyapy;
cs;sth;fNs! flTshpd; fUiziaNah mf; fUizia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
mtUila nray;fisNah mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; rf;jp
fpilahJ.
MifapdhNyNa
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Fw;wk;
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Neha;g; gl;bUe;jhYk; mjd; kdkhtJ epk;kjpahapUf;Fk;. mJNghyNt flTSila
nray;fspd;
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mwpe;J
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ek;gpf;if ahdJ tho;fi
; fapy; ekf;F Vw;gLk; vy;yhtpjkhd Jd;gq;fisAk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
86
rfpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Mw;wiyf; nfhLf;fpwJ.
vt;tsT f\;lq;fs; R+o;e;jpUf;Fk;
NghJk; kd epk;kjpAld; tho;tjw;F Ntz;ba ijhpaj;ij mspf;fpwJ.
kd
epk;kjpiaf; fhl;bYk; xU kdpjd; ,e;j cyfj;jpy; Ntz;b ngwf; $ba NgW NtW
vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ...?”
NkNy vLj;Jf; fhl;bapUf;Fk; gFjpia fjhghj;jpuq;fs; jq;fs; tho;f;if
mDgtq;fisf; nfhz;L KbT fl;bf; $Wk; jj;JtkhfNt cs;sJ.
fijapd; njhlf;fk;:
rhiyapd; ,U Gwj;jpYk; Mykuq;fs; Nrhiyahf tsh;e;jpUe;jd. MjpAk;
me;jKk; ,y;yhj guk;nghUisg; Nghy; me;jr; rhiy vq;Nf Muk;gkhfpw> vq;Nf
KbthfpwJ vd;W njhpe;Jnfhs;s KbahjjhapUe;jJ. rhiy tljpir Nehf;fpj;
jpUk;gpa KLf;fpNy uh[k;Ngl;ilf; fpuhkj;jpy; jghy; rhtb vOe;jUapUe;jJ.
rhtf;F vjpNu rhiyapd; kWgf;fj;jpy; xU kpl;lha;f; fil. me;jf; filapd;
thrypy; mg;NghJ Ms; ahUk; ,y;iy. filf;Fs;spUe;J te;j ntq;fhaj;jpd;
thridAk; Nrh;e;J kpl;lha;fil ma;ah; krhy; til Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;
vd;gij tpsk;gug;gLj;jpd;. ghjf; Fwl;bd; rj;jk; Nfl;LfpwJ.
tUfpwth; =khd;
Nf.gp. gq;fhU ehAL gp.gp.vk;.mth;fs;jhd;. gp.gp.vk;. (B.P.M.) vd;;why; rhjhuzkhf
epidj;J tpl Ntz;lhk;. gpuhQ;R Ngh];L kh];lh; vd;W mh;j;jk;. ,d;ndhUtUf;F
' khl;Nld;' vd;W nrhy;Yk;
te;j fbjj;ijf; nfhL vd;W fth;dh; Nfl;lhYk;>
mjpfhuk; cz;L!”
gpNtrpf;fpwhh;.
ehALf;F gq;fhU ehAL
mtUila rhk;uh[;aj;Jf;Fs;
Mdhy;> thrw; gbiaj; jhz;baJk; NkNy mb itf;f Kbahky;
gpukpj;Jg; Ngha; epw;fpwhh;.
jghy;fhu ghyfpU\;zd; cs;Ns rhtjhdkhf cl;fhh;e;J New;W te;j
jghy;fis thpirg;gLj;jp itj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.
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MfpwJ!" vd;W nrhy;yp cr;rpNkl;il Nehf;fpf; Fk;gpl;lhh;. ‘fjp vd;d fjp? me;jj;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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jpUl;Lg; gaypd; jiytpjp ntWq;ifNahNl jpUk;gpg; NghapUg;ghd; ! ,q;Nf vd;d
,Uf;fpwJ> jpUl;Lg; grq;fSf;F? jghy; ngl;bapd; rhtpia nfhLq;f!"
rhtpia
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nfhz;L
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mjpypUe;j jghy;fis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jhd;.
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jpwe;J
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,U ngUk; fhisfshy; ,Of;fg;gl;L [k; [k; vd;W nrd;wJ.
‘gl;lhkpzak;
fpl;lhta;ahpd; tz;b NghfpwJ> tu tu me;jr; rj;jk; jghyhgPir neUq;fpaJ.
uh[k;Ngl;il fpl;lhta;ah; mtUila je;ijf;F xNu Gjy;th;. jfg;gdhh;
mfz;l fhNthpf; fiuapy; Njb itj;jpUe;j gy Vf;fuh ed;nra; epyj;Jf;Fk; fpuhk
KdprPg; Ntiyf;Fk; chpik cilath;. mtSila yypjhTf;F kl;Lk; tU\j;Jf;F
xU taJ tPjk; $bf;nfhz;NlapUe;jJ.
Ntz;Lk;.
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uh[j;jpd; mjph;\;lk; mt;tsT rhpahf ,y;iy.
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; f
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fpsk;gpaJ.
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te;jNghnjy;yhk; Kf kyh;r;rpNahL khpahijahfNt Ngrpdhh;.
,uT Neuq;fspy;
ngUk;ghYk; ‘bAb’ ,Uf;fpwnjd;gjha;r; nrhy;yp mth; tPl;bw;F tUfpwjpy;iy.
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njhlq;fpaJ.
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Ngr;rpdhYk; cgrhuj;jpdhYk; kd;dpiaf; $Lkhd tiuapy; rhe;jg;gLj;jp te;jhs;.
yypjh rPjh ,th;fspd; Njhw;wj;ij mtSila cs;sk; mbf;fb xg;gpl;Lg;
ghh;;j;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jJ.
yypjh
khepwkhdts;;
rPjhtpd;
NkdpNah
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ntz;gl;bidnahj;j
mwpe;jth;fs;
re;jd
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mofp vdj; Njhd;Wk;.
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kyiunahj;jpUe;jd.
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mtSilz fz;zpikf;Fs;Ns fUtpopfs; mq;Fkpq;Fk;
Rod;W rQ;ry Gj;jpiaf; fhl;bd vd;whYk;> ghh;g;gth;fis clNd gpukpf;fr; nra;Ak;
jd;ik tha;e;jpUe;jd.
uh[k;Ngl;il
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nfhLj;j mgpg;gpuhak; xU tU\j;Jf;F Kd;dhy; tiuapy; cz;ikahapUe;jJ.
gk;gha;f;Fg; Ngha;j; jpUk;gpajpypUe;J ru];tjp mk;khspd; Nfhgjhgq;fs; mjpfkhfpf;
nfhz;bUe;jd.
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vjph;g;ghh;j;jhs;. yypjh ifapy; fbjj;Jld; fz;zpy; fz;zPUld; t;jhs;. ru];tjp
mk;khSf;Ff; Nfhgk; te;Jtpl;lJ.
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kidtpapd; Nfhgj;ijf; fpl;lhta;ah; rpwpJk; nghUl;gLj;jhjtuha; vd;dntd;W
Nfl;lhh;.
fpl;lhta;ah; jk; Foe;ijia md;Gld; yypjhit jltpf; nfhLj;Jtpl;L>
fbjj;jpy; mg;gb vd;d vOjpapUf;fpwJ> mk;kh?” vd;W Nfl;lhh;. yypjh tpk;kiyak;
Njk;giyAk; gpuaj;jdg;gl;L mlf;fpf; nfhz;L> ‘mg;gh! mj;ijf;F clk;G nuhk;g
rhpg;gltpy;iyahk;> rPjh vOjpapUf;fpwhs;.
mtUila fz;fspYk; ePh; ngUfj;
njhlq;fpaJ. cs;Ns nrd;W rha;khd ehw;fhypapy; rha;e;jhh;.
fbjj;jpy; vd;d ru];tjp mk;khs; kPz;Lk; Nfl;lhs;.
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jpUg;jp NghypUf;fpwJ.” vd;whh; ru];.
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;
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vd;fpwhNa; mjw;Fj; jFe;jgb ngz;izg; gof;f Ntz;lhkh vd;whh; fpl;lhta;ah;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fpl;lhta;ahpd;
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ez;gUk;
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ngah; nrhy;yp ehY NgUf;F Kd;dhy; $g;gplTk; mtSld; rq;Nfhrkpd;wpr;
rk;gh\pf;fTk; Muk;;gpj;jppUe;jhh;.
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nrd;wijAk; rk;ge;jg;gLj;jpa jkJ kidtpapd; Ngjikia vz;zpaNghJ mth;
Kfk; Gd;dif G+j;J kyh;e;jJ.
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fijahf> gP`hhpy; G+fk;gk; vd;why;> mjw;fhf ehk; gag;gl;Lr; rhf Ntz;Lk;
vd;fpwhs;.
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MgP];fF
; nrd;W jd; mj;ij kfs; mDg;Gk; fbjq;fis thq;fp tUtJk; mjid
gphpj;J gbg;gJkhf fij nry;fpd;wJ.
gpwF yypjhtpw;F jpUkzk; Mfpd;wJ
mtsJ jk;gp R+hpah rpahk Re;jh; Mth;.
R+hpah ghkh vd;w ngz;iz jpUkzk;
nra;fpd;whd;.
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fp]hd; ,af;fjpy; NrUfpwhd;.
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; fnay;yhk;> f\;lg;gLtjhf fy;fp fijia
mikf;fpd;whh;. rPjhit nrse;ju uhftd; jpUkzk; nra;fpd;whh;. rPjh jd; tho;
ehs; vy;yhk; nrse;juuhftNdhL f\;lg;gl;L caph; ,of;fpd;whs;.
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fjh khe;jh;fis Mrphpah; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;NjhL <LgLj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;.
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thrypy; ufis> 5. fpl;lhta;ah; FLk;gk;> 6. ke;jpuhNyhrid> 7. gj;khGuk;> 8.
nrse;ju uhftd;> 9. fjT jpwe;jJ> 10. fhkhl;rpmk;khs;> 11. vd;idf; Nfl;lhs;> 12.
fuhr;rpapy; ele;jJ> 13. thdk; ,be;jJ> 14. tz;b te;jJ> 15. uh[j;jpd; ufrpak;> 16.
Njtp guhrf;jp> 17. Jiur;rhkpapd; ,y;ywk;> 18. %d;W ez;gh;fs;> 19. Nkhl;lhh;
tpgj;J> 20. mk;khQ;rp mwpKfk;> 21. rPjhtpd; fhjyd;> 22. fd;dj;jpy; miw> 23. ,J
vd;d Xir> 24. neQ;rp tpk;kpaJ> 25. fz;fs; Ngrpd> 26. kyh; nghope;jJ> 27. ,b
tpOe;jJ> 28. epr;rajhh;j;jk;> 29. gPfhh; fbjk;> 30. ,Jth cd;fjp> 31. kjfbr;rz;il>
32. fhjyh; cyfk;> 33. mj;ijAk; kUkfSk;> 34. fy;ahzKk;> fz;zPUk;> vd
fy;fpapd; miyNahir Kjy; ghfk; gFf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ.
mjid njhlh;e;J
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,uz;lhk; ghfj;jpy; 1. nly;yp gpuhazk;> 2. uapy;Nt re;jpg;G> 3. Jauj;jpd; tpj;J> 4.
rhiy Kidapy;> 5. `hpGuh fhq;fpu];> 6. ghjpf;fy;ahzdk;> 7. yypjhtpd; fbjk;> 8.
rPjhtpd; gjpy;> 9. ky;ypif khlk;> 10. gfw; fdT> 11. jh[;kfhy;> 12. rhpj;jpu epGzh;>
13. u[dpg;G+h; Vhp> 14. gaq;fu epidT> 15. Gdh;n[d;k;> 16. Njtgl;lzk; Njh;jy;> 17.
yypjh gakh ,Uf;fpwJ> 18. ahh; mq;Nf> 19. `hNyh NghyP];> 20. ghuk; ePq;fpw;W> 21.
u[dpg;G+h; igj;jpaf;fhhp> 22. fjT jpwe;jJ> 23. jhhpzpapd; fij> 24. ey;y khkpahh;>
25. Rl;LtpLNtd;> 26. Ngr;R Aj;jk;> 27. gpuhaz fhuzk;> 28. fly; nghq;fpw;W> vd
,uz;lhk; ghfk; gphpf;fg;ngw;Ws;sJ.
miyNahirapd; %d;whk; ghfj;jpy; 1.
XJtj;jp tpahghhp> 2. [g;ghd; tul;Lk;> 3. Mz;L epiwtpy; mb jb> 4. ghy re;epahrp>
5. ntw;wp ufrpak;> 6. fy;ahzk; mtrpakh> 7. nts;sptPjpapy;> 8. kuj;jbapy;> 9. ,jak;
epd;wJ> 10. xNu topjhd;> 11. uhftd; kdf;ftiy> 12. R+hpah Ngha;tpL> 13.
gjptpuijahdhs;> 14. ,Uz;l kz;lgk;> 15. ,d;ndhUth; ufrpak;> 16. rPjh
g`uzk;> 17. aKid jLj;jJ> 18. kz;il cile;jJ> 19. ,J vd;d cyfk;> 20.
rpq;fhu G+q;fhtpy;> 21. Fw;wr;rhl;L> 22. cy;yhr Ntiy> 23. ntbj;j vhpkiy> 24.
yypjhtpd; fbjk;> 25. ftiyj; jPh;e;jJ vd fy;fpapd; miyNahir %d;whk; ghfk;
gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ehd;fhk; ghfj;jpy; 1. jhapd; kdf;Fiw> 2. rPjh tUfpwhs;> 3.
lhf;lhpd; cj;juT> 4. fhjy; vd;Dk; khia> 5. khaNkhfpdp> 6. ePhN
; ky; Fkpop> 7.
epj;ja tho;T> 8. khkio Nghw;WJk;> 9. gl;lhgpapd; Gdh; n[d;k;> 10. vyf;\d;
rdpad;> 11. gl;lhgpapd; gjtp Nkhfk;> 12. rPjhtpd; ngUkpjk;> 13. uhftd; gfw;fdT>
14. u[dpg;G+h; uh[Fkhhp> 15. fq;fhghapd; fij> 16. ukh kzpapd; Njhy;tp> 17. gbfs;
gpioj;jd> 18. gl;lhgpapd; ntw;wp> 19. ghk;Gf;F thh;j;j ghy;> 20. mjph;r;rpf;F Nky;
mjph;r;rp> 21. fz;fz;l nja;tk;> 22. iluf;lh; rpahkRe;jh;> 23. rPjhtpd; gpuhj;jid>
24. vd; nrhh;ff
; k;> 25. mLj;j Mz;L> 26. je;jpapd; kh;kk;> 27. ,Uspy; xU Fws;> 28.
euf thry;jpwe;jJ> 29. rPkhe;j Gj;jphp> 30. kuzNk th> 31. gpioj;j mfjp> 32. Jauk;>
33. uhftd; Nfhgk;. 34. rPjhtpd; Mtp> 35. ghdpgj;J Kfhk;> 36. [dthp 31> 37.
uhftDk; jhuzpAk;> 38. kzp mbj;jJ> 39. flTspd; fUiz> 40. ghf;fparhyp rPjh>
41. R+hpahtpd; ,jak;. 42. yypjhtpd; kd;dp> 43. ghkh tp[ak; vd ehd;fhk; gFjp
ehw;gj;J %d;W gFjpfshf gphpf;fg;gl;L> fij nry;fpd;wJ.
miyNahirapd;
,Wjp gFj;pahd ghkh tp[ak; vd;w gFjpapy; Mrphpah; fijia ,t;thW epiwT
nra;fpd;whh;.
fijapd; epiwTg;gFjp:
uh[k;Ngl;il fpuhkr;rhiy Kd;NghyNt ,UGwKk; kuk; mlh;e;J epoy; glh;e;J
tpsq;fpaJ.
jghy;
rhtbAk;
gjpide;J
tU\j;Jf;F
Kd;dhy;
mspj;j
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
91
Njhw;wj;Jf;F mjpf khWghby;yhky; fhl;rp mspj;jJ.
uh[k;Ngl;il mf;fpufhuk;
md;wpUe;j Nkdpf;F moptpy;yhky; ,Ue;jJ.
uh[k;Ngl;il Kd;idg;Nghy mt;tsT fyfyg;ghapy;iy vd;gJ kl;Lk;
cz;ik.
Vnddpy;> ,g;NghJ mq;Nf gl;lhkzpak; fpl;lhta;ah; ,y;iy.
mth;
ghh;j;j guk;giuf; fpuhk KdprPg; cj;jpNahfj;ijr; ‘Rz;L’ vd;fpw rpahkRe;jh; ghh;j;J
te;jhd;. ]pdpkh iluf;lh; MFk; Mirianay;yhk; mtd; tpl;L tpl;lhd;. ‘glk;
vLj;jhy; rPjhitf; fjhehafpahf itj;J vLf;f Ntz;Lk;; ,y;yhtpby; vd;d
gpNah[dk;?’ vd;gJ mtd; fUj;J.
mtDf;Fr; rpwpJ ,Ue;jJ.
nfhQ;rehs; Kd;G tiuapy;$l me;j Mir
rPjh ,we;j nra;jp te;jgpd; mbNahL Ngha;tpl;lJ.
gpd;dh; epk;kjpahf fpuhk KdprPg; Ntiyiag; ghh;j;J te;jhd;.
fpl;lhta;ah; tPl;Lf; $lj;jpy; yypjh cl;fhh;e;J Foe;ij gl;Ltpd; jiyia
thhpg;
gpd;dpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
ru];tjp
mk;khs;
CQ;ry;
gyifapy;
cl;fhh;e;jpUe;jhs;. Foe;ij ghyRg;gpukzpad; vNjh thug; gj;jphpf;ifapy; te;jpUe;j
fhe;jp kfhd; fijia vOj;Jf;$l;b ,iue;J gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
‘yypjh! gl;Ltpd; tajpy; eP jghy; fl;L tUk; rj;jk; Nfl;lJk; vOe;J
jghyhgP]{f;Fg; Ngha; VjhtJ fbjk; te;jpUf;fpwjh vd;W ghh;j;Jtpl;L tuj;
Njhd;WfpwJ!” vd;W ru];tjp mk;khs; Nfl;lhs;.
ed;wha;
,Uf;fpwJ.
,g;NghJ
$l
‘Qhgfk; ,y;yhky; vd;d?
jghyhgP]{f;Fg;
Ngha;
VjhtJ
fbjk;
te;jpUf;fpwjh vd;W ghh;j;Jtpl.;L tuj; Njhd;WfpwJ!” vd;whs; yypjh.
miukzp Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpwF thrypy; ‘jghy;!” vd;w rj;jk; Nfl;lJk; yypjh
tpOe;jbj;J Xbdhs; xU fzk; xU Ntis jghy;fhu ghyfpU\;zdhapUf;FNkh
vd;W vz;zpdhs;> ghh;j;jhy;> cz;ikapNyNa me;jg; gioa ghyfpU\;zd;jhd;!
‘,e;jhUq;fs; jghy;!” vd;W xU fbjj;ij yypjhtplk; nfhLj;Jtpl;Lg; Nghdhd;.
yypjh
te;jpUf;fpwJ.
fbjj;ijg;
gphpj;J
ghh;j;jhs;.
mtSila
fztdplkpUe;J
mjpy; mth; Foe;ijfspd; N~k; yhgq;fis tprhhpj;j gpwF
vOjpapUe;jjhtJ: ru];tjp mk;khsplk; yypjh khg;gps;isaplkpUe;J fbjk; te;jJ
gw;wp Kjypy; nrhd;dhs;.
R+hpahitAk; mth; mioj;J tUtJ gw;wpg; gpwF
nrhd;dhs;. R+hpah fy;ahzk; nra;J nfhz;L kidtpiaAk; jd;Dld; mioj;J
tUtijg; gw;wpf; filrpahf $wpdhs;.
ru];tjp mk;khs; tpag;gile;jhs;;
kfpo;rr
; paile;jhs;; gpwF jpLf;fpl;Lg; Nghdhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
92
‘fy;ahzkh? mJ vd;d? ek; xUtUf;Fk; nrhy;yhkyh? ,g;gbAk; cz;lh?
ngz; ahNuh> vd;dNkh njhpatpy;iyNa?” vd;W Gyk;gp mq;fyha;j;jhs;.
‘R+hpah
fy;ahzk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ngz;Zf;F VNjh mq;f`Pdk; vd;W Nfs;tp> rpyh;
‘xU fz;zpy;iy’ vd;fpwhh;fs;.
rpyh; ‘xU ifapy;iy’ vd;fpwhh;fs;.
R+hpahtpd;
fhhpaNk ,g;gbj;jhd;. vd;dNkh> Ngh> mk;kh! nuhk;g tprhukhapUf;fpwJ!”
‘,njd;db
mepahak;?
,g;gbAk;
xU
gps;is
nra;thdh?
mJ
ep[khapUf;Fkhb? ep[khapUe;jhy; ehYNgh; Kfj;jpy; vg;gb ‘tpopg;Ngd;!” vd;W
ru];tjp mk;khs; Gyk;gpdhs;.
gl;lhgpuhkDk; R+hpahTk;> R+hpahtpd; kidtpAk;
,wq;fpdhh;fs;> gpwF xU ];jphP ,wq;fpdhs;.
,J vd;d tpe;ij? vjph;ghh;j;jgb
,y;iyNa! ,uz;L ifapYk; ifg;ngl;bAld; ,wq;FfpwhNs> fz;fspYk; Cdk;
,y;iyNa? nfhQ;rk; etehfhpfj;jpy; mjpfk; %o;fpdtshff; fhzg;gl;lhs;. kw;wgb
mq;f`Pdk; xd;Wk; njhpatpy;iy.
gpd;dhy; xUNtis jhhpzp ,wq;FfpwhNsh
vd;W ghhj;jhs; mg;Gwk; ahUk; ,wq;ftpy;iy. te;jth;fis Kfkd; $wp N~kk;
tprhhpj;J cs;Ns mioj;Jg; Nghdhs;.
‘ehd; vOjpapUe;jJ NtW. ,e;jg; ngz;zurpjhd; vd;id kzf;f Kd;te;j
vd; kidtp jpthd; Mjptuhfhr;rhhpahh; kfs;.
,ts; ngah; ghkh.
vq;fSf;F
fy;ahzk; Mfp ,uz;L thuk; MfpwJ. vd;whs; R+hpah. yypjhtpd; kdk; epk;kjp
mile;jJ
yypjhtpd;
jhahUk;
jd;
khl;Lngz;
ghh;g;gjw;F
xU
khjphp
gul;ilj;jiyg; gprhR khjphp ,Ue;jhYk; yypjh nrhd;dJNghy; mq;f`Pdkhapy;iy
vd;gJ Fwpj;J kdj;jpw;Fs;Ns jpUg;jp mile;jhs;.
yypjh> R+hpahtplk; ‘,e;jg; ngz;iz vg;gbg; gpbj;Jf; fy;ahzk; nra;J
nfhz;lha;?” vd;W Nfl;lhs;. ‘Kjypy; ,ts; Nghpy; vdf;F kpf;f ntWg;G ,Ue;jJ.
,tSila Fzhjpraq;fisg; gw;wp kpfTk; jg;ghd mgpg;gpuhak; nfhz;bUe;Njd;.
jhhpzpjhd;
,tisg;gw;wp
vdf;Fr;
nrhd;dhs;.
Kjd;
Kjypy;
ghh;j;jjpypUe;J ,tSf;F vd; Nghpy; gphpak; vd;Wk; nrhd;dhs;.
1942
-
,af;fj;jpd;
ntspg;gilahfg;
nra;jhshk;.
gofpf;
NghJ
,ts;
nfhz;Nl
rhh;f;fhh;
cs;Sf;Fs;
cj;jpNahf
,af;fj;Jf;F
vd;idg;
mJ kl;Lky;y;
Nfh\;bAlNd
kpf;f
cjpt
jhhpzpiag; NghyP]hh; ifJ nra;ahky; ,ts;jhd; nuhk;g ehs;
ghJfhj;J te;jhshk;. vd;idg; NghyP]; ghJfhg;gpypUe;J jg;Gtpg;gjw;Fk; ,ts;jhd;
cjtp Ghpe;jhshk;.
,t;tsTf;Fk; NkNy> ,ts; gQ;rhGf;F Kd;djhfNt Ngha;r;
rPjhitf; fhg;ghw;wpf;nfhz;L tu Kad;whshk;. ,ijnay;yhk; Nfl;lJk; vd; kdk;
mbNahL khwptpl;lJ.
Ngrpg; ghh;j;jjpy; vd;Dila ,yl;rpaKk; ,tSila
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,yl;rpaKk; Vwf;Fiwa xd;W vd;W njhpe;jJ.
,tSila ntspj; Njhw;wj;ijg;
ghh;j;J xd;Wk; KbT nra;ahNj> yypjh! cd; kd;dpAld; gofpg; ghh;j;J tpl;Lg; gpwF
nrhy;Y!”
ntspNa nrd;wpUe;j rpahkRe;jh; jpUk;gpte;J mz;zhitAk; kd;dpiaAk;
ghh;j;J kfpo;rr
; paile;jhd;.
Njrk; Rje;jpuk; mile;Jtpl;lJ.
,Wjpahf
Mj;kj;
nra;J
,dpNky;
Njrj;jpy;
cw;gj;jpk;jhd;.
jpahfk;
ehl;byp
mikjpiaAk;
nra;aNtz;banjy;yhk;
Kjypy;
ek;Kila
nghUs;
nrhe;j
fhe;jp kfhj;kh
epiyehl;btpl;lhh;.
cw;gj;jpAk;
fpuhkj;jpypUe;J
czT
Muk;gpf;f
cj;Njrpj;jpUf;fpNwd;. cOJ ghLgLfpwth;fSf;F cw;rhfk; Cl;lNtz;Lk;...”
‘,g;NghJ ,q;Nfnay;yhk; mt;tsT fp]hd; njhe;juT ,y;iy. fpsh;r;rpf;Fj;
jiyik
trpj;jtd;>
fp]hd;
nfhz;LNgha; tpl;lhd;.
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gzk;
Iahapuj;ijr;
mjpypUe;J ,af;fk; gLj;Jtpl;lJ.
R+iwapl;Lf;
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Muk;gpj;jhy;jhd; cz;L!”
‘fp]hd; ,af;fk; ,y;iy vd;W jpUg;jpg;gLtjpy; gadpy;iy.
fz;L!
coth;fs; kdj;jpUg;jpAk; cw;rhfKk; mila Ntz;Lk;. jhq;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;tjpy;
jq;fSf;F
epahakhd
gq;F
fpilf;fpwJ
vd;W
mth;fs;
,y;yhtpl;lhy; vd;iwf;fpUe;jhYk; fyfKk; Fog;gKk;jhd;.
jilg;gLk;.
czuNtz;Lk;.
czT cw;gj;jpAk;
Mifahy; Kjypy; ciog;ghspfisr; rhpf;fl;bf; nfhs;sg;NghfpNwd;.
gpwF tptrhaj;jpy; etPd Kiwfisf; ifahz;L fhl;lg; NghfpNwd;.
vd;Dila
kidtp ghkhTk; vdf;F cjtp nra;tjhfr; nrhy;yfpwhs;. eP vd;d nrhy;Yfpwha;>
Rz;L?”
‘nrhy;Ytnjd;d
mz;zh?
ek;Kila
epyk;
KOtijAk;
gphpj;J>
coth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;Jtpl;lhYk; vdf;Fr; rk;kje;jhd;. eP ch; Cuhf miyahky;
,e;j chpNyNa ,Ue;jhy; NghJk;! ehd; vq;NfahtJ Ngha; VjhtJ njhopy; nra;J
gpioj;Jf;
nfhs;Ntd;!”
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Rz;L.
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epyj;ijg;
gphpj;Jf;
nfhLf;fNtz;ba fhyKk; tUk;. mjw;Fk; ehk; jahuhfj;jhdpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. NtW
NtW njhopy;fs; nra;J gpiof;f ,g;NghjpUe;Nj ehk; vy;NyhUk; fw;Wf;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;!” vd;whd; R+hpah.
mth;fSila jhahh; ru];tjp mk;khs; mq;F te;J> ‘ehd; fz; %Lk;
tiuapy; nghWj;jpUq;fs;.
mg;Gwk; vJ NtZkhdhYk; nra;Aq;fs;” vd;whs;.
‘ehq;fs; fhj;jpUf;fyhk;> mk;kh! Mdhy; G+fk;gK; GaYk; vhpkiyAk; gpusaKk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fhj;jpUf;Fkh?” vd;whd; R+hpah. yypjh> “G+fk;gk; gpusak; vd;nwy;yhk; eP n rhy;Yk;
NghJ>
mj;ijAk;
rPjhTk;
mbf;fb
‘fhjpy;
nrhy;ypf;nfhz;bUe;jJ Qhgfk; tUfpwJ.
miy
Xir
Nfl;fpwJ’
vd;W
mth;fSf;F vd;d rpj;jg; gpuikah
my;yJ mth;fSila fhjpy; VjhtJ Nfhshwh?” vd;W Nfl;lhs;.
‘gpuikah> fhjpy; VNjDk;
Nfhshwh vd;W vdf;Fj; njhpahJ; my;yJ
VNjDk; xU nja;tf
P r; rf;jpapdhy;> tug;NghFk; gaq;fu tpgj;Jf;fspd; mwpFwp
mth;fSila kdj;jpy; Njhd;wpajh vd;Wk; njhpahJ.
gQ;rhgpypUe;J jg;gp Xb
te;J ejpapy; KOfpaNghJ rPjhtpd; fhJ mbNah nrtplhfp xd;WNk Nfl;fhky;
Ngha;tpl;lJ. cuj;j gaq;fukhd miy Xir Nghd;w rj;jk; kl;Lk; Xahky; Nfl;Lf;
nfhz;bUe;jjhk;. Mdhy; fhe;jp[papd; Gdpj cly; jfdkhd md;W rPjhtpd; fhJ
Nfl;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. ‘`hP! kf;fspd; Jd;gj;ijg; Nghf;Fthahf’ vd;w kfhj;khtpd;
kdJf;F cfe;j fPjq;fs; Kjypy; mts; fhjpy; Nfl;ljhk;.
vdf;Fj; Njhd;WfpwJ.
Njrj;Jf;Fg;
ngUk;
,J xU Rg R+rfk; vd;W
kfhj;khtpd; kfh jpahfj;Jf;Fg; gpwF ,e;jg; nghpa
tpgj;J
xd;Wk;
fpilahJ!
,dpNky;
Rgpl;rKk;
Kd;Ndw;wKe;jhd;!” vd;whs; R+hpah.
me;j Njrgf;jj; jpahfpapd; tpUg;gk; epiwNtWkhf!
mk;kh te;jhs;
jp.[hdfpuhkdpd;
Kd;Diu:
jkpopy; Gidfij ,yf;fpak;> gutyhd ftdj;jpw;Fk; jPtpukhd thrpg;Gf;Fk;
chpajhf tsh;r;rp ngw;Wte;j xU fhyfl;lj;jpy; vOjpath;. jp.[hdfpuhkd; (1921 82).
etPd
vOj;Jf;fsha;
,d;iwj;
jkpo;
,yf;fpak;
tbtk;nfhs;Stjw;F
Kf;fpakhd gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jth;fspy; xUth; jp.[hdfpuhkd;.
27 rpWfijj;
njhFg;GfSk; 9 ehty;fSk;> 7 FWehty;fSk;> 3 ehlfE}y;fSk; ,itad;wpAk; 3
gaz E}y;fSk;> 2 nkhopngah;g;GfSk; kw;Wk; rpy ftpijfSk;> rq;fPjk; njhlh;ghd
rpyfl;LiufSk;>
tpkh;rdf;fl;LiufSk;
vOjpah;>
jp.[hdfpuhkd;.
gyTk;
vOjpdhYk;> Gidfijg;gilg;ghspahfNt jlq;fs; gjpj;jth;.
mkph;jk; (1944)> NkfKs; (1955)> kyh;kQ;rk; (6))> md;Ng MuKNj (62)> mk;kh
te;jhs; (66)> cah;j;Njd; (66)> nrk;gUj;jp (67)> kug;gR (72)> esghfk; (82) Mfpa
xd;gJ ehty;fs; mth; vOjpait.
,tw;Ws;
mk;kh te;jhs; jtpu> Vidait
Kjypy; ,jo;fspy; njhlh;fijfshf ntsp te;jit.
,tw;Ws; mk;khte;jhs;>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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NkfKs; vd;w ,uz;Lk; gyuhYk; ghuhl;lg;gl;lit. kw;Wk; kug;gRTk; nrk;gUj;jpAk;>
esghfKk;> jk;Ks; gy rpwg;G mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;lit.
elg;gpaYk;>
mw;Gjetpw;rpAk;
cstpaYk;
fye;j
GidjpwDk;>
nefpo;Tk;
gha;r;rYk; vs;sYk; tUzpg;Gk; nfhz;l vLJ;Jiug;G KiwAk;> tz;zj;J}hpifapd;
yhtfKk;> jdpkdpj czh;TfSk; r%fczh;Tk; jkf;Fs; rkurg;gl;Lf;nfhs;Sk;
Nghf;Fk;> ghprPyidf;Fk; tpkhprdj;Jf;Fk; kWthrpg;Gf;Fk; ,lk; jUk; tprhykhd
ntspAk; jp.[hdfpuhkdpd; gilg;G milahsq;fs;.
jp.[hdfpuhkdpd; ehty;fspNy jQ;irk z;zpd; thridabg;gjhfr; nrhy;yp
mjw;fhf mth;fs; fhl;Lgit> jQ;irapd; rpy ,lq;fSk;> gpuj;jpNaf nkhopeilAk;
rpy
gof;f
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jhd;.
,th;fs;
,jNdhL
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jp.[hdfpuhkdpd; ehty;fisg; gpuhe;jpa ehty;fs; vd;W Kj;jpiuapLtJ
mtUila vOj;Jf;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;l rpW vy;iyf;Fs; milf;f Kw;gLtNj MFk;.
mth;
vOg;Gk;
gpur;rpidfs;>
mtw;wpd;
jPh;Tfs;>
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nra;jp>
rpe;jidfs; Kjypatw;wpd; tPr;rpid ,J kp;fTk; Nfhukhf kl;Lg;gLj;jNt nra;Ak;.
cz;ikapy;> jp.[hdfpuhkd; ,e;j ehl;bd; gz;ghl;by; nghJthf cs;s rpy
gpur;rpidfisj; jdf;Fhpa ghzpapy; Njh;e;njLj;Jr; rpj;jphpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh;. rpy
tl;lhuq;fspy; ,e;jg; gpur;rpidfs;> J}f;fyhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
rpykhWghLfs; ,Uf;fyhk;.
rpyNghJ> rpytw;wpy;
,Ue;jhYk;> xl;Lnkhj;jkhd epiyapNy ,e;jg;
gpur;rpidfs; nghJthditNa MFk;. xU nghJthd epiyia ikakpl;Lj; jhd;
vOg;gpf;fhl;l tpUf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSf;F xU gpd; GykhfNt jQ;irr;rPikia
jp.[hdfpuhkd; rpj;jphpf;fpwhh;. rKjhaj;ij mjDila gpbg;G> ek;gpf;if> Kuz;ghL>
rpijT
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Kjypatw;NwhL
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jd;
ehty;fspy;
capNuhl;lkhfTk; J}ykhfTk; rpj;jphpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.
Rje;jpu fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Dk; rw;Wg;gpd;DKs;s fhyfl;lj;jpd; epyTilikr;
rKjhaj;jpDila
rpyNghf;Ffis
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jp.[hdfpuhkd;
,e;epyTilikr; rKjhak;> ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; jpUg;gj;jpy; etPd njhopy;
Kiwfspd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; nghpJk; ];jk;gpj;J epd;wJ.
kuGfNshL Nkhjpa Gjpa
ehfhpfj;jpd; jhf;fk; fhuzkhf> NtW ve;jf; fhyq;fisAk; tpl ,f;fhyj;jpy;jhd;
,jd;
gj;jhk;
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twl;Lf;
fTutk;>
Nghypj;jdk;
Kjypait
kpfg;
ghpjhgfukhfj; jk;ik ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ld. gioa kjpg;GfSf;nfjpuhf> etPd
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fhyj;ij xl;ba Gjpa kjpg;Gfs; tsuj; njhlq;fpd.
gioa kuGfspd; kPjhd
gpbg;Gf;fs;> ek;gpf;iffs; Kjypait jsuTk; rpjpykilaTk; njhlq;fpd.
Gjpa r%f nghUshjhu epiyg;ghLfspd; R+oypy;> gioa epahaq;fSf;Fk;
Gjpa cwTfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Njhd;wpa Kuz;ghLfspdhYk;> NkhjypdhYk;> FLk;g
cwTfspNy - Mz;ngz; cwTfspNy - cilTfs; Vw;gl;ld; tphpry;fs; Vw;gl;ld;
nghUky;fSk; G+ry;fSk; Vw;gl;ld.
,it ,e;jr; rKjhajtho;tpd; Kf;fpa
mk;rq;fshf> neUf;fbfshf tpsq;fpd.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
97
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
98
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
102
hPluhf ,Uf;fpw mtuJ nghUshjhu epiyAk;> epyr;Rthd; jhuhf ,Uf;fpw
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
103
,th;fNs.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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7. cly;nkhop Fwpj;J jp.[hdfpuhkd; Fwpg;gpLtJ ahJ?
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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myF - 3
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mfypif kPz;Lk; fy;yhfp tpLfpwhs;.
Nfhjkd;
Jwtpahfpf; ifyaq;fphpia ehbr; nry;fpwhd;.
Kd;G rhgkpl;l fztUk;> gpd;G rhgk; ePq;fpa kidtpAk; GJtho;T tho
Kaw;rp na;Ak;NghJ> mth;fs; thOk; rKjhaNk mth;fSf;Fg; gifahf epw;fpd;wJ.
mth;fSila mf czh;Tk; mth;fSf;Fg; gifahf epw;fpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; rhgk;
ePq;ff; fhuzkhdtd; jd; nrhe;j tho;fi
; fapy; kidtp Nky; Iaq;nfhz;L>
mtis mf;fpdpg; gpuNtrk; nra;ar; nrhd;d nra;jpiaf; Nfl;lr; rhgk; ePq;fg;
ngw;wts; cse;Jbf;fpwhs;.
“MZf;nfhU ePjp? ngz;Zf;F xU ePjpah?” vd;Dk;
Nfs;t pmts; cs;sj;Js; vOfpwJ. me;j tpdh> cz;ikia cyfj;Jf;F ep&gpf;f
KbAkh? cs;sj;Jf;Fj; njhpe;jhy; Nghjhjh? vd;w nrhw;fshf ntspg;gLfpd;wd.
mitNa
,f;fijapd;fUthfTk;
mike;J
tpLfpd;wd.
fy;iy
,jaj;jpy;
Rkg;gijtpl ,jaj;ijf; fy; Rkf;fl;LNk vd;nwz;zp kPz;Lk; mts; fy;yhfp
tpLfpwhs;.
ghj;jpug; gilg;G
rhgtpNkhrdj;jpy; fij khe;jh;fs; kf;fs; ,ay;gpdh; my;yh;.
mfypifAk;
NfhkUk; ‘,g;gbahf Cop gy fle;jd> jk;gjpfSf;F” vd;Wk; tho;tpdh;. Nfhjkh;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘Kf;fzhd; mida Mw;wy; Kdpth;” jtKk;> ep\;ilAk; ifutg; ngw;wth;” rhgk;
,lTk; rhgk; ePf;fTk; ey;yth;. mth; cUtj;ij jhq;fp te;j ,e;jpuNdh mkuh;fspd;
jiytd;;
mkpo;jk; cz;gtd;;
mjdhy; rhit ntd;wtd;.
jd; msg;ghpa
Mw;wyhy; rpj;jpfs; Ghpgts;. ,th; jk; tho;tpy; Nfhl;ghLfs; kdpj tho;tpy; cs;sJ
Nghd;W miktjpy;iy.
Nfhjkh; ‘mfypif fy;yhfl;Lk;” vdr; rgpf;f> ,uhkd; tuthy; fw;rpiy
kPz;Lk; mfypif Mfpd;wJ.
Nfhjkh; mtis Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jahuhf ,Ue;j
NghJq; $l> ,e;jpud; nra;j gq;if mfypifahy; kwf;f Kbatpy;y. ‘mfypiff;Fg;
gak; neQ;rpy; ciwNawptpl;lJ.
tho;Nt mtSf;F euf Ntjidahapw;W” vdg;
GJikg;gpj;jd; mfypifapd; kdepiyia tbj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.
ruA+ ejpf;fiuapd; Fbyikj;J thoj; njhlq;Fk; mfypif rPijiar;
re;jpf;fpd;whs;. rPij $wpa mf;fpdpg; gpuNtrr; nra;jp nfhLikahf mfypiff;Fg;
gLfpwJ.
,uhkh; ‘,uhkd;’ Mfpwhh;.
jd; tuyhW rPij tuyhWk; Mlth;
ngz;bh;fF
;
,iof;Fk; ngUq;nfhLikahfg;gLfpwJ.
‘ek;gpf;if’ mbNahL twz;L tpLfpwJ.
mtSf;F mtUs;sj;jpy;
rPijaplk; cs;sj;Jf;Fj; njhpe;jhy;
Nghjhjh?
cz;ikia cyFf;F ep&gpf;f KbAkh? ep&gpj;Jtpl;lhy; kl;Lk; mJ
cz;ikahfp tplg; Nghfpwjh? cs;sj;ijj; njhltpy;iyahdhy;? epw;fl;Lk; cyfk;
vJ> vdr; rPww
; j;Jld; mfypif Nfl;lJ mts; neQ;rj; JzpitAk;> cs;sj;
njspitAk;
xUq;Nf
gpioaw;wtshd
Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
mfypif>
nrhw;fSf;F ehZfpwhd;.
mayhh;
neQ;Ruj;Jld;
mwpahJ
jd;idg;
jpfOk;>
gw;wpg;
neQ;rpy;
NgRk;
gopr;
Nfhjkd; mtis ehb te;J jOt> mtNs kPz;Lk;
fy;yhfp tpLfpwhs;.
‘jtgyq; nfhz;l Nfhjkd; rhgj; jPia vOg;gpa NfhgNkh jd;id khRgLj;jp
tpl;lNj” vd vz;zpg; GOq;Ffpd;whd;. mfypif kPJ ghpG+uz ek;gpf;if nfhz;l
NfhkdhfNt fijapd; KjypypUe;J KbT tiu tUfpd;whd;.
ghy;tz;zk; gps;is
fijr; RUf;fk;
ghy;tz;zk; gps;is fnyf;lh; MgP]; Fkh];jhthf Ntiy ghh;g;gth;.
mtUila tho;f;ifNa j];jhNt[pf; fl;LfshfTk; mjd; ,af;fKk; ,Ue;J
te;jJ. rpj;j cWjp> nfhs;ifia tplhik Mfpad mtuJ jdpg;gl;l ,ay;Gfsha;
mike;jpUe;jd.
Mgp]py; gRthfj; jpfOk; mth;> tPl;bNyh `pl;yiug; Nghd;W
Mjpf;fKilath;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ehd;F Foe;ijfSf;Fj; jhahh; mth; kidtp> jha;ikf;Nf chpz ghpTld;
Foe;ijfspd;
eyj;ij
Kd;dpl;Lg;
gRk;ghy;
tpiyf;F
thq;Ftijtpl>
xU
gRkhl;il thq;fpdhy; tPl;Lj; NjitiaAk; jPh;j;Jf;nfhz;L> ghy; tpahghuKk;
nra;ayhnkd vz;Zfpwhs;. jd; vz;zj;ijf; fzthplk; nrhy;y> mtNuh Mgp];
tptrhuj;jpdhy; kidtp $wpaij kdjpy; nfhs;tpy;iy. Mdhy; kidtpNah jd;
ifapy;
file;j
,uz;L
nfl;bf;
fhg;Gfis
tpw;W
kapiyg;
gRnthd;iwf;
fd;WFl;bAld; thq;fp tpLfpwhs;.
jd;id kPwpj; jd; kidtp gRkhL thq;fpwJ gps;isf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy.
Kw;wj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l khl;ilf; fz;L Kfk; Rspf;fpwhh;.
GJg;ghypy; fhg;gp Nghl;l
kidtp mtiuj; Njba NghJ mth; mq;F ,y;iy. md;wpypUe;J gps;isath;fs;
tPl;by; fhg;gpAk; NkhUk; rhg;gpLtjpy;iy. mth; kidtpf;F kpFe;j tUj;jk;. xU
gf;fk; Foe;ijfs;> kw;nwhU gf;fk; GU\d;. Foe;ij tk;rtpUj;ij vd;w ,aw;if
tp;jp mtis nty;fpwJ.
gjpide;J ehl;fs; ,q;qdk; fopa> md;W ,uT vl;L kzp;fF
; r; Rg;Gf;
Nfhdhiu mioj;Jg; gRit Kg;gJ &gha;fF
;
tpiyNgrp> ,utpNyNa xl;br;
nrd;WtpLkhW
$wpdhh;.
kidtp
‘gRtpd;
tpiy
vOgJ
&gha;”>
NkYk;
Foe;ijfSf;Fg; ghyhapw;Nw vd;W $wpj; jLf;f; ‘vd; gps;isfs; ePj;jz;zp Fbr;R
tsh;e;Jf;fpLk;” vd;W mtis mlf;Fk; gps;is> fd;Wf;Fl;bf;fhf mOk; %j;j
kfid ‘Rk;kh nfl rtNk” vd;W mjl;b mlf;Ffpwhh;.
fUg;nghUs;
ghy;tz;zk; gps;is vd;gthpd; mfg;Gw epiyfisj; Jy;ypakhff; fhl;Lk;
,f;fij Mz;kfdpd; jd;Kidg;G (Ego) epiyiag; gbg;gth;fF
; czh;j;jp epw;fpwJ.
mYtyfj;jpy; gaKk;> mjdhy; gzpTk; nfhz;L thOk; Mz;kfd; tPl;by; mtd;
kidtpia mlf;fTk;> Foe;ijfis mjl;lTk; nra;fpwhd;.
MgP]py; gRthfj;
jpfOk; mtd; `pl;yuhfr; rh;tjpfhuk; Ghpfpd;whd; vd;gNj ,f;fij czh;j;Jk;
fUg;nghUshFk;.
ghj;jpu gilg;G
giltPuDf;F Ntz;ba rpj;j cWjpiaAk; nfhs;ifg; gpbg;igAk; nfhz;l
ghy;tz;zk; gps;is fnyf;lh; Fkh];jhtfj; njhopy; Ghpgth;.
mtuJ ,ay;Gfs;
mtUf;F mrl;Lj;jdkhd gpbthjk; nfhz;lth; vd;W kw;wth;fsplk; ngah; thq;fpj;
je;jd vd;W Mrphpah; $Wk;NghJ ‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;isapd;” ghj;jpug; gilg;gpd;
ajhh;j;jj; jd;ik GhpfpwJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘ghy;tz;zk; gps;is” MgP]py; gR. tPl;bNyh `pl;yh; vd;w thpfs; mtuJ
rh;tjpfhu
kd;ghgd;ikapidf;
Nfhbl;Lf;
fhl;Lfpd;wd.
fh;g;gj;
jilapy;
ek;gpf;ifaw;w mtUf;F ehd;F Foe;ijfs; vd;W Mrphpah; $WtJ mth; goik kPJ
gw;Wf; nfhz;lth; vd;gijj; njspTWj;JfpwJ.
nfhs;s>
,tNuh
jd;
Nfhgkhd
kidtp Foe;ij eyid kdjpy;
kdepiyapy;
mij
Vw;Wf;
nfhs;shky;>
‘vk;Gs;isNa ePj;jz;zp Fbr;rp tsUk;” vd;W gjpYiuf;fpwhh;. jd;id kjpf;fhky;
kidtp gRit thq;fp tpl;lhnsd;wwpe;j gpd;> fhg;gpAk;> NkhUk; rhg;gplhj mth;
kdg;ghq;F mtuJ ‘jhd;” vd;w czh;it ntl;l ntspr;rkhf;Ffpd;wJ.
ghjp
tpiyf;Fk; Fiwthfg; gRit tpiyNgrp> ,uNthL ,uthf mij mtpo;j;Jr;
nry;Yk;gb
$WtJ>
‘Mz;th;f;fj;jpd;
gpujpepjp”
ahf
mth;
nry;gLtijr;
rpj;jhpf;fpwJ.
mtiug; nghWj;jtiu ‘mth; jhk; vy;yhk;” kidtp> kf;fs; midtUk;
‘Rk;kh fplf;f Ntz;ba rtq;fs;”.
fapw;wuT
GJikg;gpj;jd; fijfspy; GJik tha;e;jJ fapw;wuT vd;Dk; fij.
,f;fijiag;
ghul;bAs;shh;.
jk;
mwpT
Kjph;e;j
gUtj;jpy;
gyUk;
GJikg;gpj;jd;
,f;fijia vOjpAs;shh;. ,JNt mth; vOjpa filrpf; fijahf ,Uj;jy; $Lk;
vd;W fUj;J epyTfpwJ.
,J
fl;Liu
tbtpy;
mike;Js;sjhy;>
fijr;
Ritia
vjph;g;ghh;f;f
Kbatpy;iy. ,e;jf; fijAk; $l xU fapw;wuthfj; njd;gLfpwJ.
tho;f;ifapd; jj;Jtj;jpw;Fg; GJikg;gpj;jd; je;j cUtNk fapw;wT vdyhk;.
tho;f;ifapd; Nehf;fk; vd;d? mijr; ruhrhp kdpjd; mwpe;j nfhs;fpwhdh? mwpe;J
nfz;lgpd; mtdhy; tho;f;ifia cUthf;f Kbfpwjh? vd;w Nfs;tpfSf;F
Muha;r;rpg; Nghf;fpy; tpil fhz Kaw;rp nra;fpwJ fapw;wuT.
‘fs;spg; gl;bahdhy; vd;d? ehfhpf tpyhrkpUe;Njhq;Fk; ifyhrGuk; Mdhy;
vd;d? fq;ifapd;
nts;sk; Nghy fhyk; vd;w [Ptejp ,iltplhky; Xbf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ,f;fij ‘fhyj;jpd;” Xl;lj;ijNa ikag;
nghUshff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
ney;iy khtl;lj;jpYs;s rpw;W}uhd ifyhrGuj;jpy; thOk; gukrptk; gps;is
jk;
epidTfspDil
gpd;Ndhf;fpr;
nrd;W>
mz;lq;fspd;
,ay;GfisAk;>
,af;fq;fisAk; Muha;fpwhh;. rpw;W}hpd; Xl;lj;jpYk;> kUj kuj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpYk;
gidtplypapd;
kiwtpYk;
khag;
gpugQ;rj;jpd;
jd;ik
,ize;J
fplf;Fk;
mjpraj;ijf; fz;L tpag;gilfpwhh;.
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gukrptk; gps;isiag; Nghd;W ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; xt;nthU kdpjDk; cyfpy;
gpwe;J> tsh;e;J> tho;e;J ,d;gJd;gKw;Wj; jsh;e;J kiwfpd;wdh;.
Nghd;Nw gidkuq;fSk;> kUj kuq;fSk; Njhd;wp kiwfpd;wd.
Njq;fpey;yhJ Xbf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ.
mth;fisg;
fhy nts;sk;
kdpjd; ,Uf;Fk; tiuj;jhd; fhyKk;>
mJ mw;Wg; Nghdhy; fhyKk; mw;Wg; NghFk;” vd;w fUj;ij> ‘fhyk; xU fapw;wuT”
vd;Dk;
jj;Jtj;ij
tpsf;fg;
gukrptk;
gps;is
ghj;jpuKk;.
‘fapw;wuT
GJikg;gpj;jdhy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
cgNjrk;
fijr;RUf;fk;
Nkiy ehl;L kUj;Jtk; gbj;Jg; gy rh;tfyh rhiyfspd; gl;lq;fisg;
ngaUf;Fk; gpd;dhy; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s tpRtehj; uz rpfpr;ir epGzh;> lhf;lh;
tpy;f;fpd;]d; ,th; rfh. ,UtUk; eh];jph;fshjyhy; epw;gNjq;fle;J ez;gh;fsha;
,Ue;jdh;.
xU ehs; `lNahfp xUtd; ,th;fsplk; rpfpr;ir ngw tUfpwhd;.
,UtUk; mtd; jpwikia> tp\aj;ijAk;> fz;zhbr; rpy;YfisAk; jpd;Wk; $l
rhfhj ,ay;gpid Nehpy; Vw;dNt fz;lth;fs;.
vdNt `lNahfpapd; tapw;wpd;
cl;Gwk; vg;gbapUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; ghh;f;Fk; Mh;tj;Jld; mWit rpfpr;iriaj;
njhlq;Ffpd;wdh;. Fly; rijapd; fz;zhbr; rpy;nyhd;W Fj;jp> Flypd; xU gFjp
mOfp tpl;lij mwpe;J mWit rpfpr;ir nra;fpd;wdh;.
kWehs; fhiyapy; rpfpr;ir nra;ag;gl;l `lNahfp M];gj;jphpia tpl;Lf;
fhzhky; Ngha;tpLfpwhh;. mijtpl mjh;r;rp juj;jf;f nra;jp New;W tiu eh];jpfk;
Ngrp te;j lhf;lh; tpRtehj; fh\hak; thq;fp fl;b nfhz;L Jwtpahfp tpl;lhnud;gJ
tpy;f;fpd;]d; Nehpy; ghh;g;gjw;fhf tpRtehj;ijj; jhz;b xLfpwhh;.
mth; tPl;by;>
‘jiy nkhl;il’; ,ilapy; xU fhtp Nt\;b fhypy; Fg;gpg; G+z;ghjf; FwL” vd;w
epiyapy; tpRtehj;ijf; fhz;fpwhh;.
Ie;J tUlq;fs; fope;j gpd; ,kakiyf;Fr; nry;Yk; ghij ghj ahj;jpiuf;
FOtpy; tpyf;fpd;]d; ,ize;J ciugdpg; ghiytdj;jpd; topNa nry;Yk; NghJ>
gdpr; rpfuj;jpd; NkNy `lNahfp (rpj;jhe;jr; rhkpahh;) apd; milahsq;fSld;
xUth; epw;gijf; fhz;fpwhh;.
ghjhsq;fisAk;
mtidg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ntwpAld;
xNu jhthfj; jhtp gdpg;ghiwfs; eLNt Eioe;J nry;fpwhh;.
mtUld; mf;FOtpy; cs;s N[f; vd;gtUk; tUfpwhh;.
,UtUk; gdpf;fl;bf;
fpilapy; nrq;Fj;jhff; fUq;fy; ypq;fk; Nghy; nrJf;fpapUe;j xd;iwAk;> mjd;
jiyapy; fh\ha t];jpa %l;iliaAk; fhz;fpd;wdh;. %l;ilf;F s; cs;s ilhpapy;
tpy;f;fpd;]Df;F vOjg;gl;l xU fbjk; ,Uf;fpwJ. gdpf; fl;bf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; kdpj
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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cUtk; lhf;lh; tp];tehj; vd;wpUe;jJ. tpy;f;fpd;]d; mtiu ,we;jtuhff; Fdpe;J
tzq;fp tpl;L> %l;ilaha; gioag;gb fl;b itj;J tpl;Lj; jpUk;Gfpwhh;.
fUg;nghUs;
mwptpay;
ty;Yeh;fSk;>
Kaw;rpapy; <LgLfpd;wdh;.
Md;kPf
ty;Yeh;fSk;
,iwtidf;
fhZk;
mwptpay; ty;Yeh;fs; xU fhyf; fl;lj;jpy; kdpjNd
rfyKk; vd;w KbTf;F te;j eh];jpfh;fshfpd;wdh;.
Md;kPfthjpfNsh fhyk;
KOtijAk; nryT nra;J Njbf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. mj;Njlypy; jq;fisNa
fiuj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; jahuhf cs;sdh;.
,r;r%fk; mth;fisg; igj;jpak; vd;W
vs;spg; eifahbdhYk; mth;fs; mjw;fhf tUe;Jtjpy;iy vd;gNj ,f;fijapd;
fUg;nghUshFk;.
ghj;jpug; gilg;G
,f;fijapy; lhf;lh; tp];tehj;> lhf;lh; tpy;f;fpd;]d;> rpj;jhe;j rhkpahuhfpa
N[f; Mh;gh;l]d; Mfpa ehd;F ghj;jp;uq;fs; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
,th;fSs; ‘tp];tehj;’ ij ikakhf;fpNa fij nrhy;fpwJ.
Jiwapy;
cyfg;
Nehahspfisj;
Gfo;
jk;
ngw;w
tp];tehj;
rpfpr;irahy;
eh];jpfh;.
kPl;LtUk;
jpwik
akNdhL
tha;e;jth;.
kUj;Jtj;
NghuhLk;
rpj;jhe;jr;
rhkp;ahUf;Fr; rpfpr;ir mspj;jTld; mth; tho;tpy; xU jpUg;gk; Vw;gLfpwJ. jhk;
tho;e;j tho;fi
; fia cjwpnawpe;J tpl;L> fhtpAil mzpe;J rhkpahuhfp tpLfpwhh;.
mth; jk; ez;guhd; tpy;ff
; pd;]dplk;> ‘,dp xU Gjpa ghprPyid> vdJ rpj;jhe;jk;
xU KbT fl;lg;gltpy;iy. ghprPyid nra;jJ jhd; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;Wiug;gJ.
kw;wth;fisg;
ghpNrhjidf;Fl;
Nrhjidf;Fl; gLj;Jfpwhh;.
tpLfpwhh;.
ez;gd;
mq;F
gLj;Jk;
kUj;Jtuhd
mth;>
jk;ikj;
jhNk
mr;Nrhjidapd; tpisthfj; jpahdj;jpy; Mo;e;J
tUthd;
vd;w
ek;gpf;ifapy;
mtDf;F>
‘ehd;
rhftpy;iy”. ekJ caph; rh];jpuq;fisf; fpopj;njwpe;Jtpl;L NtW khjphp’ ahf vOj
Ntz;Lk;.
m];jpthuNk jg;G” vd;W jhk; fz;l cz;ikia vOjp itf;fpwhh;.
tp];tehj;jpd; cz;ikiaf; fz;lwpa KidAk; Mh;tj;ijNa mtuJ fbjk;
fhl;LfpwJ.
,f;fijapy; tUk; tpy;f;fpd;]d; ehj;jpfk; NgRgth; kl;Lky;yh;.
tp];tehj;
kPJ mtek;gpf;if nfhz;ltUk; $l> mjdhy; jhd;> gj;khrhdk; Nghl;L jpahdk;
nra;Ak; tp];tehj; capUld; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;gij ek;ghky;> fbjj;ij T+l;il fl;bj;
jpUk;g
itj;Jtpl;L
te;j
topNa
nry;Yfpwhh;.
rpj;jhe;jgr;
rhkpahhpd;
nfhs;iffis mbnahw;wpj;> jhNk mijf; fz;lwpa Kw;gLk; tp];tehj;Jk;>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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rhkpahiu KjypypUe;J KbTtiu ek;ghky; myl;rpag;gLj;Jk; tpy;f;fpd;]Dk;
nkhopahy;> ,dj;jhy; nfhs;ifahy; Kuz;gl;l ghj;jpuq;fs;.
Qhdf;Fif
fijr;RUf;fk;
kJiur; rPikapNy> FWkiyf;F mLj;j rpw;W}hpd; jiyikf; fhuj; Njthpd;
kfd; xU Mrl;Lg; gps;is> gj;J tajhfpAk; mk;kh mg;gh vd;w ,uz;L
nrhw;fisAk; jtpu> mtDf;F NtNwJTk; nrhy;y tuhJ.
mtd; gpwe;jTlNd
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fijkhe;jh;
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Ntjidiaj; jhNd Rkf;f vz;Zfpwhd;. Mdhy; kJiu %Jiu mwpa Kbahjgb
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Jd;GWj;Jtijf; fz;l Mytha;r; nrhf;fd; ‘jhDk; mth; Jauj;ijr; Rkf;f
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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thlh ky;ypif
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vd;W nrhy;yptpl;L> vij vOJtJ vd;W njhpahky;> vij vijNah fij vd;w
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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kidtpNah kWehisf;fhd fhg;gpg; nghb thq;FkhW $Wfpwhs;.
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Re;juk;>
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gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. eifAk;> mtyKk;> xUq;Nf Njhd; KUfjhrhpd; ghj;jpu thh;g;G
mike;Js;sJ. thdj;ij msf;Fk; fijfisf; fl;Ltjpy; kpfTk; rkh;j;jth;> rhfh
tuk; ngw;w fijfSk; vOJthh; vd;W KUfjhrhpd; jpwikiag; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;
Mrphpah;> mtuJ
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rkd; nra;ag; Nghjpa msT gzk; rk;ghjpf;f ,aytpy;iy.
xU nghpa ehty;
kl;bYk; vOjptpl;lhy;> mJ xU nghd; fha;fF
; k; kukhfptpLk; vd;W mth;
neQ;rOj;jj;Jld; epidj;j fhyq;fSk; cz;L.
,g;nghOJ mJ xU neLe;J}u
,yl;rpakhfNt mtUf;f khwptpl;lJ.
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ngWfpwhs;.
tPl;by; ,y;yhj nghUis thq;fp tur; nrhy;Yk;NghJ fztdplk;
rpZq;FtJ mtUf;Fg; gphpakhd mg;gsj;ij thq;fpf; fzth; Nky; cs;s md;ig
ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. nry;ykhf mtUld; Nfhgpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;W kpf ,ay;ghf
gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s
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vjph;tPl;Lf; Foe;ijiag; Nghy; hpf;\htpy; gs;spf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd;W
je;ijaplk; Nfl;gJk;> je;ijapd; ez;gh; tWikia cr;r];jhapy; mwptpg;gJk;> mth;
Nky; cl;fhh;e;J nfhQ;RtJk; ,ay;ghf mike;Js;sd. ez;gh;fshf tUk; ,UtUk;
filf;fhuUk; KUfjhrhpd; ghj;jpug;gilg;ig ehk; czh;e;J nfhs;sj; Jiz
epw;fpd;wdh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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nghd;dfuk;
fijr;RUf;fk;
nghd;dfuj;jpy; trpf;Fk; KUNfrd; Fjpiu tz;b Xl;bg; gpiog;gtd;. mtd;
kidtp mk;khS xU kpy;ypy; Ntiy ghh;g;gts;. KUNfrd;> mk;khS ,UtiuAk;
jtpu KUNfrdpd; jhahh;> jk;gp KUNfrdpd; Fjpiu Mf Ie;J Ngh; nfhz;l
FLk;gk; ,tUila tUkhdj;jpy; tho;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.
xUehs; KUNfrd;
ed;whff; Fbj;Jtpl;L tz;bNahl;lf; fPNo tpOe;J Cikab gl;LtpLfpwJ. Ngr;R
%r;rpd;wpg; gLj;Jf; fplf;Fk; mtDf;Fg; ghy; fQ;rp thh;f;fg; Nghfpwhs;.
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,f;fij.
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ngz;fSf;F typAWj;jg;gl;L tUk; fw;G> nghd;dfuj;jpy; Kf;fhy; &gha;fF
; rpiy
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thpfs; ,f;$w;wpw;F muz; nra;fpd;wd.
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gw;wpa tpsf;fk; mjpfk; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy.
tpOe;J mbgl;Lf; nfhs;fpwhd;.
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mtd; grp jPhf
; ;f vd;d nra;tJ vd;W
gijgijf;Fk; mk;khS> NtW topapd;wpj; jd; khdj;jpw;F tpiy Ngrp Kf;fhy;
&ghia thq;fp tUfpwhs;.
fztdpd; graph? jd; khdkh? vd;W rpf;fy;
vOk;NghJ> Kd;djw;fhfg; gpd;dij ,of;fj; Jzpfpwhs; mts;.
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Nghy;> nghd;dfuj;jpd; ,Ul;Lg; gFjpapy; thOk; kdpjh;fspilNa jh;kq;fs; NtW me;jj; jh;kq;fSf;Fk; epahaq;fSf;Fk; Vw;g mk;khS ele;J nfhs;fpwhs;.
mts;
nra;jJ rhpah? jtwh vd tpthjpf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy Mrphpah;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mts; vq;qdk; ele;J nfhz;lhs; vd;gijf; fijapy; $wptpl;L> ‘vd;dNkh
fw;G. fw;G vd;w fijf;fpwPh;fNs? ,Jjhd; Iah> nghd;dfuk;’ vd;W GJikg;gpj;jd;
,f;fijia Kbf;Fk;NghJ> nghd;dfuj;jpd; tWikahd R+oypNy xU mk;khs
my;y mtisg; Nghd;w gyh; mq;F cs;sdh; vd;gij ca;j;Jzu KbfpwJ.
‘fw;Gila kq;if fztidf; fhg;ghw;Wths;> mtd; eyk; NgZths;’ vd;gjw;Nfw;g
mk;khSk; jd; cliy tpw;whtJ mtd; grp jPh;ff
; Kw;gLfpwhs;.
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gps;isapd;
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Ngrpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
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itutk;
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epidTg; ghij topahfr; nrd;W mbf;fb fhz KbAk; vd;w fUj;Nj ,f;fijapd;
ikag; nghUshf mikfpwJ.
ghj;jpug; gilg;G
miu E}w;whz;LfSf;F Nky; ts;spak;ik Mr;rpAld; tho;e;j itutd;
gps;isf;F kidtp capNuhL ,Ue;jtiu> mts; mUik njhpatpy;iy.
,oe;j gpd;dh;.
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gphptpdhy; mth; ftiy nfhs;fpwhh;.
mtis
mts;
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ftiyapd;wpr; rlq;ifr; nra;Ak; kfDk; mtUf;F ahjhh;j;j cyif epidT+l;l>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mtNuh jd; kidtpiag; ghh;ff
; epidTg; ghijaspy; nrd;W tpLfpwhh;.
Nky;
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epidtpdpd;W kPsKbahj mth; epiyiaj; njspthfr; rpj;jphpf;fpd;wJ.
epahak;
fijr;RUf;fk;
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nry;tJk;> mq;F eilngWk; rkag; gpurq;fq;fisf; Nfl;L cUf;fkhf kd;whLtJk;
mtUila tho;f;if.
iggpis kpfTk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wk; mth;> tz;bf;fhud;
xUtid mtd; jFjpf;F kPwp 5 &gha; mguhjk; fl;Lk;gbNah xU khjk; fhtypy;
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me;j mQ;Qhdp tz;bf;fhuid QhgfNk ,y;iy.
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gpbj;Jf;
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epiyia ehk; fhzNt KbahJ.
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nray; xd;whf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij ,f;fijapd; fUg;nghUshf mikfpwJ.
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fijr;RUf;fk;
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mtd;
tbf;Fk; rpiyapd; xt;nthU tistpYk;> xt;nthU mq;fj;jpYk; caph;j;Jbg;G
jJk;gp
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jd;
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rhj;jd;.
rpiyapy; ,iwtidf; fz;L> jd;idAk; kwpahky; ghb kfpo;fpwhd;
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guNjrp.
rpiyapd; fiyj;jd;ikiaf; fz;L kdk; kfpo;fpwhd; igyhh;f;];.
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fdT mtidf; Fog;gj;jpy; Mo;j;JfpwJ.
mtd; euf Ntjid vg;gbapUf;Fk;
vd;gij me;jf; fzj;jpy; mDgtpf;fpwhd;.
mtd; fz;l fdT mtDf;F
kfpo;rr
; pia jUtjw;Fg; gjpy; epfo;it czh;j;jp mtDf;F eufj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;
czh;itj; jUfpwJ.
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nra;Ak; rhj;jd; nra;j rpiy kw;wth;fSf;F ,iwtbtkhff; fhl;rp je;J> Nkhl;rk;
nry;y topghl;bw;Fhpajhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtidg; nghWj;jtiu mJ Ntjidiaf;
fpswpw;W. vdNtjhd; jhd; tbj;j rpiyia> mjd; Nehf;fk; epiwNtwhj epiyapy;
‘capuw;w Nkhl;rr; rpiyNa! cd;id cilf;fpNwd; NghL! cil! INah> nja;tNk
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nfhy;yl;Lk; mh;j;jkw;w $j;J” vd;W fj;Jfpwhd;.
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rPww
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jhd; gpuk;kh! cd; rhjid mJ.
rpU\;b! kaq;fhNj! gag;glhNj! ePjhd; gpuk;kh!
rpU\;bj; nja;tk;” vd;W rhj;jidg; Gfo;fpwhd;. jd; nrhw;fisr; rhj;jd; Nfl;fhj
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epiyapy; Nfhgpj;Jf; nfhz;L ntspNaWfpwhd;.
fiyahw;wiy czuhj kf;fs;
Kd;dpiyapy; rpiyia itg;gijtpl (fiyQdpd; Nehf;fk; epiwNtwf; $ba
,lj;jpy; mij itf;f Kbahtpl;lhy;) cilj;njwpe;jhYk; guthapy;iy vd;W
igyhh;f;]pd; mdy; njwpf;Fk; Ngr;R mtid xU gFj;jwpTthjp vd;gij ekf;Ff;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
rhj;jd; mG+h;tj; jpwik tha;ff
; g; ngw;w rpw;gp> mtd; KJik mile;jhYk;>
mtDs; ,Ue;j fiy KJik va;jtpy;iy.
igyhh;f]
; ; jd;idg; gpuk;khTld;
xg;gpl;Lg; NgRk;Ngh> jd; mDgtq;fis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.
Ngr;R> vdJ ngUikiar; rhe;jp nra;ayhk;.
igyhh;f;]; cdJ
ehd; vj;jid ehs; f\;lg;gl;Nld;?
mJ czf;Fj; njhpAkh? eP New;Wg; gpwe;jtd;.
$j;J> mjpy; vt;tsT mh;j;jk; !
kdpjDf;Fj; njhpe;jnjy;yhk;> njhpa Ntz;Ltnjy;yhk; ,e;jg; gpugQ;rNk.
epidg;gJ Nghy; ntWk; ghh; ntspad;W.
eP
mh;j;jkw;w Nga;f; Fog;gKk; md;W.
nja;td; xd;W cz;L. mjd; mh;j;jj;ij vd; rpiy czh;j;j Kbe;jJ vdJ G+h;t
n[d;kg;
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je;j tuk; vd vz;Zk; mtDila kdg;ghq;F ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
Mdhy; jd;
gilg;gpd; cl;nghUis gpwh; czh;e;J nfhs;stpy;iyNa vd mtd; tUj;jk;
nfhs;tJ
fij
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rpw;gpahd rhj;jDf;F> ,e;j cyfpNyNa euf Ntjidiaj; jUfpd;wJ.
fhQ;rid
fijr;RUf;fk;
kf;fspilNa Nga; gw;wp toq;Fk; ek;gpf;iffisf; nfhz;L GJikg;gpj;jd; gy
fijfisg; gpd;dpapUf;fpwhh;.
ek;gpf;iffisf;
,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ.
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$wtpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
vOj;jhsh; xUthpd; ,y;yj;jpy; es;sputpy; fhw;Wk;> RLehw;wKk; tPRfpd;wd.
kWehs; fhQ;rid
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Nghukhff;
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fhQ;rid ,aq;Ffpwhs;.
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mg;NghJ mth; kPJ xU kpUfk; $wpa efj;NjhL Fe;jpapUf;fpwJ.
gpd;dh; ele;J
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Nghdjhfg; gpuik Vw;glfpwJ.
ghh;ff
; pwhh;.
mth; tpopj;J fhQ;rid ,Uf;fpwhsh vd;W
Mdhy; mq;Ff; fhQ;rid ,y;iy.
%d;whk; ehs; ,uT kidtp
J}f;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tPwpl;L mywpf; nfhz;Nl vOfpwhs;. VNjh xd;W vd; fOj;ijf;
fbj;J uj;jj;ij cwpQ;rpd khjphp ,Ue;jJ vd;W KiwapLfpwhs; mts;.
me;j
Neuj;jpy; njUtpy; Nrkf;fyj;Jld; tUk; xUtd; vOj;jhsUf;Fj; jpUePW je;J
‘kidtpapd;
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jk; fUj;ijf; $wpAs;shs;. NgAk; gprhRk; ,y;iy vd;Wjhd; ek;GfpNwd;. Mdhy;
gakhf ,Uf;fpwNj vd;gij ,J.
me;j gaj;ijNa ,f;fijapd; ikakhf;fp
‘fhQ;rid’ iag; gilj;Js;shh; vd;W Njhd;WfpwJ.
ghj;jpug; gilg;G
vOj;jhsd; xUtNd ,f;fijapd; jiyikg; ghj;jpukhf ,lk; ngWfpwhd;.
mtidj; jtpu mtd; kidtp> Ntiyf;fhhp fhQ;rid> ,utpy; Nrkf;fy xyp
vOg;gpf; nfhz;L tUgtd; vd %d;W Ngh; fij ,ilNa tUfpd;wdh;.
GJikg;gpj;jDf;F vOj;jhsh;fisg; gw;wp kpf cah;e;j fUj;Jf;fs; cz;L.
mf;fUj;ij ,e;jf;fijapy; tUk; ghj;jpuj;jpd; thapyhfg;
ngUkpj czh;T
nghq;ff; $Wfpwhh;.
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ehDk;>
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vd;Dila
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rfpf;Fk;
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];jhgdq;fspypUe;J
ngha;.
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gpiof;fpwtd;.
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ngha;
vd;DilaJ
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,e;j efy; gpuk;kh guk;giuapy; ehd; filf;Fl;b
,ijnay;yhk; epidf;fg; ngUikahfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.”
vOj;jhsh; jk; gpuikAzh;itNa fijahf tbj;Js;shh; vd;w czh;T
fijia Kbf;Fk;NghJ gbg;gth;fSf;F Njhd;WfpwJ.
flTSk; fe;jrhkpg; gps;isAk;
fijr;RUf;fk;
Nkyfuk; Nk.fh.uh.fe;jrhkpg; gps;is mth;fs; nrd;id khefuj;jpy; thOk;
xU rpj;j itj;jpah;.
mth; Kd;G rpw;wk;gyj;JiwAk; rptngUkhd; jpBnudj;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Njhd;Wfpwhh;. ,UtUk; Xh; czT tpLjpapy; fhg;gp Fbj;Jtpl;L hpf;\htpy; Vwp tPL
nry;fpd;wdh;.
rptdhh; rpj;Jf;fs; rpy Ghpfpwhh;.
jhkwpe;j $j;Jj; njhopiy
elj;jpf; nfhz;L ,t;TyfpNyNa tho;fi
; f elj;j tpUk;Gfpwhh;.
G+Nyhfj;jpw;F tutiof;fpwhh;.
Mbf;
fhl;Lfpd;wdh;.
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ghuhl;Lf;fs;
mq;fpUe;J XbtUfpd;wdh;.
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fpilf;ftpy;iy
khwhf
mtkhdg;gl;L
flTSf;F G+Nyhf tho;f;if Gspj;Jtpl> te;jthNw
kiwe;J tpLfpwhh;.
fUg;nghUs;
cyfpay;G rhuhjhit gw;wpf; fijnaOJk; NghJ GJikg;gpj;jd; kdpjDila
Nghypj;jdq;fisAk;> mwpahikiaAk;> %l ek;gpf;iffisAk; Rl;bf; fhl;bf; Fj;jpg;
NgRfpwhh;. tuk; jUk; nja;tk; tUtJk; NghtJk; jtpu> ,f;fijapy; Ntnwhd;Wk;
,y;iy.
MapDk; mjidj; jkf;NfAhpa eifr;Rit czh;NthL
vOjpAs;sit ,f;fijapd; rpwg;ghfk;.
Mrphpah;
fhl;rpaspg;gJ Fwpj;Jg; nghpa Guhzk;
Nghd;w E}y;fs; Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.
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rhd;whfj; jpfo;fpwhh;.
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elkhWk; kdpjuhf ek;ik ,Oj;J tUtNj GJikg;gpj;jd; fw;gid Mw;wYf;Fr;
rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;;L vdyhk;.
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tU\q;fshf md;d Mfhukpy;yhky; tsh;e;jth; Nghd;w Njff; fl;L” vd;W
fe;jrhkpg;gps;isapd; Gwj; Njhw;wj;ij ek; fz;Kd; nfhz;L te;J epWj;Jk;
GJikg;gpj;jd; flTis tUzpf;Fk; jpwk; eaKilaJ. ‘tair eph;zkhff; nrhy;y
Kbatpy;iy. mWgJ ,Uf;fyhk;. mWgjpdhapuKk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mj;jid
tU\k; rhg;gpl;Lf; ftiyNa ,y;yhky; nfhO nfhO vd;W tsh;e;j Nkdp tsg;gk;”
vd kq;if gq;fh; khdpluhf te;j Njhw;wj;ij tpsf;Ffpwhh;.
Mz;ltDf;F
MASk;> tWikAk; vJ? ,tw;iwr; Rl;Lk; KiwapNy mike;Js;sJ ,t;tUziz.
fhg;gpf; filapdiuAk;> fy;tpf; fofj;jpdiuAk; jk; Fj;Jg; Ngr;rpdhy;Nfyp
nra;Ak; fe;jrhkpg; gps;isAk;> cyf eilKiwia xt;nthd;whff; Nfl;L mwpe;J
tpag;gilAk; flTk; NgRk;NghJ ,lk; ngWk; ciuahly;fs; mth;fs; ,UtuJ
ghj;jpuq;fspd; ,ay;Gfisj; njspTw czh;j;Jfpd;wd.
cq;fSf;nfy;yhk; vl;b
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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epd;W tuq;nfhLf;fyhk;; cldpUe;J tho KbahJ vd;W flTs; ciuj;J tpl;L
kiwfpwhh; vd;W jkf;NfAhpa fpz;lYld; fijia Kbf;fpwhh; GJikg;gpj;jd;.
fjT
(fp.uh[ehuhazd;)
fjT Ml;lk; Muk;gkhfpaJ.
fye;J nfhz;lhh;fs;.
gf;fj;J tPl;Lf; Foe;ijfSk; Muthuj;NjhL
‘vy;NyhUk; bf;fl;L thq;fpf;fpLq;f” vd;whd; rPdpthrd;.
clNd ‘vd;nfhU bf;fl;> cdf;nfhU bf;fl;” vd;W rj;jk; Nghl;lhh;fs;.
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‘ve;j
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vd;W $g;ghL Nghl;Lr; nrhd;dhh;fs; vy;NyhUk;.
bf;fl;
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jd;kPJ Vwp epw;Fk;
mf;Foe;ijfis> me;j ghukhd nghpa fjT> nghq;fpg; G+hpj;Jg; Ngha; ,Uf;Fk;
mf;Foe;ijfis> Ntfkhf Mb kfpo;tpj;jJ.
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fjitj; js;spath;fs; bf;fl; thq;fpf;
nfhz;lhh;fs;. Vwpdth;fs; js;spdhh;fs;; kPz;Lk; fjthl;lk; njhlq;fpaJ.
mJ gioa fhyj;Jf; fhiu tPL> nghpa xNu fjthfg; Nghl;bUe;jJ. mjpy;
trpj;J te;jth;fs; Kd;G trjp cs;sth;fshf tho;e;jth;fs;. ,g;nghOJ nuhk;gTk;
nehbj;Jg; Ngha; tpl;lhh;fs;. me;j tPl;bYs;s ngz; Foe;ijfspy; %j;jjw;F vl;L
taJ ,Uf;Fk;; ,d;ndh;d;W iff;Foe;ij.
Ngha;tpLths;.
mk;kh fhl;Lf;F Ntiy nra;ag;
mg;gh kzpKj;jhwpy; $ypNtiy nra;ag; Ngha;tpl;lhh;.
yl;RkpAk;
rPdpthrDk; iff;Foe;ijia mk;kh fhl;bypUe;J tUk;tiu itj;Jf; nfhz;L
fjNthL tpisahbf; nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs;.
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glj;jpy; xU eha; ,Ue;jJ. yl;Rkp tPl;Lf;F te;jNghJ rPdpthrd; ehbiaf; ifapy;
jhq;fpf;
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,Ue;jthNw glj;ijf; fhz;gpj;jhs;. glj;ij NkNy J}f;fpg; gpbj;jhs;. rPdpthrd;
mtisr;
Rw;wpr;Rw;wp
te;jhd;.
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re;Njh\j;jpdhy; mtd; Kfk; kyh;e;jJ.
glj;ij
thq;fpg;
ghh;j;jhd;.
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xl;bdhh;fs;. glj;ijg; ghh;j;J re;Njh\j;jpdhy; ifjl;bf; nfhz;L Fjpj;jhh;fs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,ijf; Nfl;Lg; gf;fj;JtPl;bf; Foe;ijfSk; Xbte;jd.
kPz;Lk; fjT Ml;lk;
njhlq;fpaJ!
me;jf; fjitf; nfhQ;rk; ftdkhfg; ghh;f;fpwth;fSf;F> ,e;jf; Foe;ijfs;
xl;ba glj;Jf;Fr; rw;W NkNy ,Nj khjphp NtW xU glk; xd;iw xl;b ,Ug;gJ
njhpatUk;. me;jg; glk; xl;b vj;jidNah ehl;fs; Mfptpl;ljhy;> mOf;Fk; GifAk;
gl;L kq;fpg;Ngha; ,Ue;jJ.
xUNtis mJ yl;Rkpapd; jfg;gdhh; Foe;ijahf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ
,Uf;fyhk;.
xl;bajhf
Foe;ijfs;
,g;gb
tpisahbf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ fpuhkj;Jj; jiyahhp mq;Nf te;jhd;.
jPhi
; tia te;J Nghlr;nrhy;Y vd jiyahhp $wptpl;L nrd;whh;.
kWehs;
jiyahhp> yl;Rkpapd; mk;kh ,Uf;Fk;NghNj te;J jPhi
; tg; ghf;fpiaf; Nfl;lhd;.
‘Iah> mtU ChpNy ,y;iy. kzpKj;jhW Nghap mQ;rp khrkhr;rp> xU jftiyAk;
fhNzhk;.
%Z tUrkh kio jz;zp ,y;iyNa.
ehq;f vd;dj;ij tr;R
cq;fSf;Fj; jPh;itg; ghf;fpiaf; nfhLg;Nghk; vd;whs;.
,e;j thh;j;ijfs;
jiyahhpapd; kdirj; njhltpy;iy.
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jPhi
; t Nghl;lwZk;.
mg;Gwk; vq;f NkNy rilr;rpg; Gz;zpak; ,y;iy” vd;W
nrhy;yptpl;Lg; Ngha;tpl;lhd;.
xU ehs; fhiy> tPl;bd; Kd;Ds;s ikjhdj;jpy;
Foe;ijfs; cl;fhh;e;J Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.
tPl;il Nehf;fp te;jhd;.
jiyahhp> ehd;FNgh; rfpjk;
te;jth;fs; me;jf; fjitj; J}f;fpj; J}f;fpf; fow;w
Kad;whh;fs;.
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jiyapy;
itj;Jf;nfhz;L
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Gwg;gl;lhh;fs;.
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fjitj;
Foe;ijfs;
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Gwg;gl;lhh;fs;.
nfhz;L
mth;fs;
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vy;NyhUk; mutk; nra;ahky; mtSf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; te;J cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;ldh;.
xUtUk;
xd;Wk;
Ngrtpy;iy.
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Kfj;ij
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itj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;.
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,jw;Fs;
rPdpthrd; mf;Foe;ijia vLJ;Jf; nfhs;sg; Nghdhd;. Foe;ijiaj; njhl;lJk;
ifiag; gpd;Df;F ,Oj;jhd;.
mf;fhitg; ghh;j;jhd;.
yl;RkpAk; ghh;j;jhs;.
Foe;ijf;F clk;G Rl;lJ rhea;jpuk; ntFNeuk; fopj;J mk;kh jiyapy; tpwFr;
Rs;spfSld;
te;jhs;.
Foe;ijfs;
fhiyapy;
ele;j
Nrjpia
mk;khtplk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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nrhd;dhh;fs;. nra;jpiaf; Nfl;lJk; uq;fk;khTf;F %r;Nr epd;WtpLk; NghypUe;jJ;
‘vd;idg; ngj;j jhNa” vd;W mywp tpl;lhs;.
gf;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.
gaj;jpdhy; Foe;ijfs; mts;
,k; njhpahj gaj;jpd; fhuzj;jpdhy;
mth;fSk; mo Muk;gpj;jdh;.
kzpKj;jhwpypUe;J
xU
jftYk;
tutpy;iy.
ehl;fs;
nrd;Wnfhz;Nl
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,y;yhjjhy;> tPL ,Ue;Jk; gpuNah[dkpy;yhky; ,Ue;jJ. fhh;j;jpif khrj;J thil>
tp\f;
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tPl;bDs;
te;J
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,Ue;jJ.
xU ehs; ,uT thil
jhq;fhky; mJ me;j tPl;iltpl;L mth;fisAk; tpl;Lg; gphpe;J nrd;Wtpl;lJ.
uq;fk;khspd;
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nrhy;yKbahJ.
yl;Rkpf;fhfTk;
rpdpthrDf;fhfTNk mts; caph; jhpj;jpUe;jhs;.
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gs;spf;$lk;
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mtd;
kj;jpahdk;
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jd; mf;fhtplk; fhz;gpj;hd;. yl;Rkp; mjpy; Mh;tk; nfhs;stpy;iy. ‘mf;fh vdf;F
rPff
; puk; fQ;rp Cj;J> fQ;rp ,y;iy” eha; te;J vy;yhf; fQ;rpiaAk; Fbj;Jtpl;Lg;
Ngha;tpl;lJ jk;gp... fjT ,yt;iyNa” vd;whs; Jf;fKk; Vf;fKk; njhdpf;f.
jd;Dila jha; grpNahL fhl;bypUe;J tUthNs vd;W epidj;J cUfpdhs;
yl;Rkp.
rPdpthrd; mq;Nf rpjwpf;fple;j fk;kk; gUf;iffis vLj;Jg; glj;jpd;
gpd;Gwk; Nja;j;J xl;Ltjw;F te;jhd;.
njhpatpy;iy.
Rthpd; xl;bdhd;.
fjT ,y;iy.
vd;d nra;tnjd;Nw
glk; fPNo tpOe;Jtpl;lJ.
mLj;j ,lj;jpy;
mLj;j Rthpy;> vy;yhk; xl;bg;ghh;j;jhd;; xd;Wk; gpuNahrdk; ,y;iy. Vkhw;wj;jhYk;
grpahYk; mtd; mo Muk;gpj;jhd;.
rhea;jpujk; yl;Rkp rl;bghidfisj; Nja;j;Jf; fOtpf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
rPdpthrd; Kfj;jpy; Mty; Jbf;f> Nky;%r;R fPo;%r;R thq;f Xb te;jhd;. ‘mf;fh
mf;fh ek;k gs;spf; $lj;Jf;Fg; gf;fj;jpNy rhtb ,Uf;F ghU. mJf;Fg; gpd;Gwk;
ek;k tPl;Lf; fjT ,Uf;ff;fh! fz;zhNy ehd; ghh;j;Njd;” vd;whd;.
cz;ikjhd;.
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mNj jfT rhj;jg;gl;L ,Ue;jJ.
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mr;rpWth;fs;.
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J}uj;jypUe;Nj jq;fs;
gf;fj;jpy;
xUtUk; ,y;iy.
ahuhtJ
mjpNtfkha;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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me;jf;
fjtpd;
gf;fk;
gha;e;jhh;fs;.
mUfpy;
Ngha;
mijj;
njhl;lhh;fs;>
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Jilj;jhs;.
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mo Ntz;Lk;Nghy;
,Ue;jJ mtSf;F! rPdpthridf; fl;bg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;lhs;.
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rphpj;jhd;. mth;fs; ,Uthpd; iffSk; fjitg; gykhfg; gw;wp ,Ue;jd.
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gs;spf;$lj;jpypUe;J jk;kh> tPl;Lf;F te;jhd;.
tPl;Lf;Fs; EioAk;NghNj
njhO Kw;wj;jpy; ghh;j;j fhl;rp mtDf;F Mr;rhpakhf ,Ue;jJ.
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MfpwJ vd;whYk; jk;kh Gj;jprhyp> Nahrpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Ngha; ‘igfl;il’ Mzpapy;
njhq;ftpl;lhd;.
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jq;fs;
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mjd; fz;fspy; xsp ,y;iy.
xNu
khlhd
Gy;iy
%f;fpy; <uk; cyh;e;J NhapUe;jJ.
mirNghLtij epWj;jp ntFNeukhfp tpl;lJ. rhzp Nghltpy;iy. ePh; gphpatpy;iy.
%r;R tpLtjw;F rpukg;gl;lJ.
jd;id nkha;j;Jj; Jd;gg;gLj;Jk; <f;fisf;$l
mjdhy; tpul;l Kbatpy;iy. mJ gLk; Jauk; ghh;f;fpwth;fSf;Nf rfpj;Jf;nfhs;s
Kbahjjha; ,Ue;jJ.
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jpUk;gTk;
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mjpy;
nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s
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,d;d gr;rpiyjhd; vd;W mth;fSf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy.
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epidj;Jtplf;$lhNj
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; hdpj;J> kPz;Lk; xUjlit ntw;wpiy Nghl;Lf;nfhs;s Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;.
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mapuf;fhTf;F jd; jfg;gdhh; rPjdkhff; nfhLj;jJ.
mJ mth;fs; tPl;bNyNa
gpwe;j fd;W.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
131
mapuf;fhtpd;
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mJU nuhk;g cah;e;j mk;rk;.
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Gy;iyia
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KJF> xl;Lj;jhb> nul;ilehb khh;G> ngha;ff
; z; jpul;rp> cLk;Gj;jiy> fpyhf;
nfhk;G> gl;L epwj;jpypUf;Fk; mjd; clk;GNky; ntspr;rk; kpDkpDf;Fk;. ,j;jid
moFfs; mikag; ngw;wpUf;Fk; Gy;iy.
njhl;lzd;
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jd; tPl;L Ntiyf;Fk;> fhl;L Ntiyf;Fk; xj;jhir nra;a xU kidtp tUths;
vd;W kl;Lk;jhd; njhpAk;.
epyj;ij co xU fhis> ,g;gb xU mUikahd
fhisAk; tUk; vd;W njhl;lzd; fdtpYk; epidf;ftpy;iy.
mtd; jd; rf tptrhap xUtNdhL $l;LkhL Nrh;e;J nfhz;lhd;. epyj;ij
khwpkhwp cOJ gz;gLj;jpdhd;. Mokhf cOjhd;. tpijg;Gf; fhyk; te;Jtpl;lJ.
J}uj;jpy; vq;Nfh kio nga;J kz;thil fhw;wpy; kpje;J te;jJ.
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,Oj;J Rthrpj;jhd;. Mde;jj;jhy; mtd; fz;fs; ePh; Nfhh;j;jJ. ,uT ey;y kio.
me;j tU\k; tpijg;G rkaj;jpy;> khLfSf;F fhiz Neha; gutpaJ.
njhl;lzDf;F ghjp tpijg;Gj;jhd; Kbe;jJ.
ghf;fp tpijg;ig Kbf;f> xU
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,jdhy; neQ;rpy; ,uj;jk; fl;b ,uz;L khrk; ,Uky; Nehahy; Ntjidg; gl;lhd;.
me;j tU\k; ey;y kfR+y;> ifkhj;J thq;fhkNy epyj;jPhi
; t Nghl Kbe;jJ.
njhl;lzDk; mapuf;fhTk; jq;fs; FLk;g tptrha tp\aq;fisg; gw;wpg;
Ngrpdhh;fs;.
mth;fSila fpuhkj;jpy; elf;Fk; fhy;eil njhj;JNehiag; gw;wpg;
Ngrpdhh;fs;.
fpuhk kf;fspy; rpyh; > flTs; ek;gpf;ifia tpl;Ltpl;L fhy;
eilfSf;F Neha;j; jLg;G Crp Nghl;Lf; nfhs;tijf; Nfyp nra;J Ngrpdhh;fs;>
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
132
rphpj;jhh;fs;> ,th;fs; rphpf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; uk;gf;fhTk; rphpg;ghs;.
mts; jd;
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J}q;fpg; Nghdhs;.
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me;j Neuj;jpy; mJ
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nfhQ;r Neuk; mg;gbNa
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gr;rpiy gwpf;fg; NghapUe;j ehaf;fh;fs; fl;Lld; jpUk;gp te;jhh;fs;.
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tpl;lJ.
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,Ue;jJ.
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<f;fis tpul;l Kbe;jJjhd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
133
jpBnud;W Gy;iy tha;gpse;J ‘mk;kh’ vd;W gaq;fukhd ePz;l xU fj;jy;
,l;lJ.
mth;fs; jq;fs; tho;ehspNyNa ,g;gb kdirg; gpopAk; xU Fuy; mjd;
fz;lj;jpypUe;J ntspte;J Nfl;ljpy;iy.
khj;jpuky;y>
vYk;Gf;
me;j xyp mth;fSila clk;Gf;Fs;
FUj;JfSf;Fs;nsy;yhk;
Fj;jpg;
GFe;jJ.
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kz;bapl;L tzq;fpg; gpuhj;jpj;jhs;. gpd;G jiuapy; xU rpl;bif kz;izf; fps;spj;
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mLf;Fg; ghidf;Fs; itj;J %b me;jg; ghidiaj; njhl;L <uk;gbe;j jd;
fz;fspy; xj;jpf;nfhz;lhs;.
gf;fj;J tPl;L kj;ijah Nfhtpy;gl;bapypUe;J te;jpUe;jhd;.
tPl;Lf;fhuhpd;
khl;Lf;F clk;G nrsfhpakpy;iy vd;W Nfs;tpg;gl;Lg; ghh;ff
; te;jhd;.
clNd
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njhl;lzid tw;GWj;jpdhd;.
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njhl;lzd; ,g;nghOJ ntl;dhp lhf;lh; Nki[f;F Kd;dhy; Ngha; epd;whd;.
,Lg;gpy; Jz;ilf; fl;bf;nfhz;L xU Fk;gpL Nghl;lhd;.
jiy mirg;ghNyNa
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,uz;nlhU mwpFwpfisr; nrhd;dTlNd ‘rhp epWj;J’ vd;w ghtidapy; ifia
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
134
mirj;jhh;.
‘rhp gPbx ,lk; Ngha;r; nrhy;yptpl;L th” vd;W if fhz;gpj;J
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khl;bd; capiuf; fhg;ghw;wptplyhk; vd;W epidj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ele;jhh; lhf;lh;.
mth;fs; g];]pypUe;J ,wq;fp ele;J> Ch; te;J> tPl;bd; thriy kjpg;gjw;Fk;>
tPl;bDs;spUe;J mOifr; rj;jk; Nfl;gjw;Fk; rhpahf ,Ue;jJ.
njhl;lzDk;
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mth;fSila
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‘ngw;w
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tprhhpj;J MWjy; nrhd;dhh;fs;.
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khjphp xU fhis ahUf;F ,dp tha;ff
; g;NghwJ. hp\gthfdk; khjphp ,Ue;jJ.
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itj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;.
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mapuf;fh ,itfis xd;Wtplhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
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ehw;gj;ije;J gpuahzpfs; ,Ue;jdh;.
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mg;gb epWj;jNtz;Lk;? epWj;j Ntz;Lnkd;W vd;d Mj;jpuk;?
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cl;fhh;e;j gpuahzpfspy; xU jbahd Mrhkp> ghtk;! ‘Nf]; G+];’ vd;W %r;R
thq;fp ,isj;Jf;
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fhyj;jpy; mth; Kfk; ghh;g;gjw;F vt;tsT mofhf ,Uf;Fk;! ,g;nghOJ mtUf;F
ey;y tUk;gb.
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nfhz;lhh;fs;.
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mioj;Jf;
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xU
Ntis
mth;fs;
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Nghfpwhh;fNsh vd;dNth?
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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%l;il J}f;fpg; gpiof;Fk; $ypr; rpWth;fs; xUtNuhL xUth; Mghrkhfg;
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Myk;gl;b ,wf;fj;jpy; g]; te;J Xh;
J}q;fpf;nfhz;bUe;j gpuahzpfs; vy;NyhUk; jq;fs;
jiyfis clk;NghL Xh; mirg;G mirj;J nkJthff; fz;fisj; jpwe;Jk; jpwf;f
,\;lg;glhkYk; ,Ue;jhh;fs;.
%d;whtJ fpotp nkJthf vOe;J gidehh;g;
ngl;bapy; ,Ue;j jd; rhkhd;fNshL ,wq;fpdhs;.
fpuhkg;
ngz;nzhUj;jp>
,Lg;gpy;
Foe;ijAld;
NghyP];fhuiuf; fz;lJk; me;jf; Foe;ij rphpj;jhd;.
cs;Ns
te;jhs;.
NghyP];fhuh; tpopj;Jg;
ghh;j;jhh;; mth; Kfj;jpy; ,Ue;j Nfhzy; kiwe;J FJ}fyk; glu Muk;gpj;jJ. xU
fpotp Foe;ijia> ‘th uhrh’ vd;whs;. ,d;ndhU fpotp ‘vd; nry;yf; fdpapy;Ny”
vd;W mioj;jhs;.
Foe;ij rphpj;jgbNa jiyia Ml;b Ml;Nrgk; njhptpj;jJ. bf;nfl; fpopj;J
fz;lf;lh; me;jf; Foe;ijaplk; nfhz;L te;J nfhLj;jhh;. mij thq;fp [d;dy;
topNa fhw;NwhL tpl;lJ Foe;ij.
fz;lf;lh; gpukpg;Gj; jl;baJNghy; ebj;jhh;.
kPz;Lk; me;jg; ngz; fyfyntd;W rphpj;jhs;. vd;d mw;Gjkhd rphpg;G! ‘Nghf;fphpg;
gaNy!” vd;W NghyP];fhuh; nfhQ;rpdhh;.
g]; Ntfkhfr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jJ.
fpotpfs; ,UtUk; me;jg; ngz;NzhL Ngrpf;nfhz;Nl te;jhh;fs;.
kyh;e;j
Kfj;NjhL me;jg;ngz; gjpy; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl te;jhs;.
gy; lhf;lUk; me;jg; ngz;zpd; rphpj;j Kfj;ijNa ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;L te;jhh;.
vd;d mofhd gw;fs;!, vd;d MNuhf;fpakhd gpufhrk; nghUe;jpa gw;fs;! ,g;gbg;
gw;fisg; ghh;j;J vj;jid ehs; Mfpd;wd? me;j lhf;lUf;F jhk; gpwe;j G+kpapd;
Qhgfq;fs; xd;wd;gpd; xd;wha; te;jd.
mtUila Kfj;jpd; gioa moF te;J
Fb GFe;jJ.
ehyhtJ ikypy; te;J g]; epd;wJ.
fpotpfs;
,UtUk;
Foe;ijapd;
ngz;Zk; Foe;ijAk; ,wq;fpdhh;fs;.
fd;dj;ijj;
jltp>
jltpa
jq;fs;
ifia
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
137
Kj;jkpl;lhh;fs;.
‘Nghapl;L thlh fz;Z” vy;yhUNk khdrpfkhf mth;fSf;Fg;
gphpah tpil nfhLj;J mDg;gpdhh;fs;.
g]; nkJthf> rfpf;fKbahj ngUj;j
,iur;rYld; efh;e;jJ.
jbahd Mrhkp Nrhk;gy; Kwpj;J vhpr;rYld; nghpa ePz;l nfhl;lhtp xd;iw
tpl;lhh;.
kPz;Lk; mtUf;F ,sg;G Muk;gkhfptpl;lJ.
,d;ndhUth; Jizf; nfhl;lhtp tpl;lhh;.
Muk;gpj;jhh;fs;.
mtiuj; njhlh;e;J
NghyP];fhuUk; me;jf; fpotpAk; J}q;f
lhf;lh; jk; vjpNu cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;bUe;jtisg; ghh;j;Jf;
nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhh;.
mth; Kfj;jpy; nfhQ;rq; nfhQ;rkhf mUtUg;G tsh;e;J
nfhz;Nl te;jJ. ‘c];! mg;gg;gh! vd;d Ntf;fhL> vd;d Ntf;fhL> nfhQ;rk; js;sp
cl;fhUk;> Iah! vj;jid jilt nrhy;YtJ?”
ifia ePl;b VNjh Nfhgkhff; fj;jpdhh;.
fz;lf;lh; mth;fis Nehf;fpf;
g];]pd; `hud; rg;jj;jpy; mJ xUth;
fhjpYk; tpotpy;iy.
n[apy;
uhkrhkpf;F ehiye;J ngah;fs; cz;L.
nel;ilf;nfhf;F uhkrhkp> tsh;e;j
gid uhkrhkp> gPr;rhq;if uhkrhkp> ,d;Dk; RUf;fkhf xl;lfk;> Vzp> kz;L...
,g;gb! gay; Xrukha;> xy;ypaha; ,Ug;ghd;.
,g;Ngh Neuk; vd;d ,Uf;Fk;;
gs;spf;$lk; tpLfpwNeuk; ,Uf;Fkh? uhkrhkp Ntg;gkuj;J epoiyg; ghh;j;jhd;.
kuj;jpy; Vwpdhd;. gs;spf;$lj;J kzp ‘fzfz’ vd;W xypj;jJ> Mde;j kpFjpahy;
rphpj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;.
igf;fl;il
,lj;NJhspy;
Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L>
tyf;ifapy;
njhq;Ffpw
J}f;Fthspia Kd;gf;fj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L te;J> elf;Fk;NghJ ,uz;L Kl;LfspYk;
jl;Lk;gb Xir vOg;gpf; nfhz;Nl ele;J te;jhd;. eLtpy; tUfpwtd; Rg;iah. tY
Fl;ilad;> ele;Jnfhz;Nl tUk;NghJ jpBnud;W ‘rld; gpNuf;’ Nghl;L epd;W
tpLthd;.
gpd;dhy; tUfpw igad;fnsy;yhk; mtd; kPJ NkhJthh;fs;.
,g;gb
mbf;fb nra;fpwjpy; mtDf;F xU F\p.
filrpapy; tUfpwJ> b.KUfd;> fil
jpUg;gjp
mtid
nrl;bahhpd;
kfd;.
gay;fs;
gs;spf;$lj;jpy; mtd;jhd; Kjy; khh;f;.
rh;t
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Kd;gy; ,uz;L ePskhf ,Ug;gjhy;
thiaf; ifahy; %bf;nfhz;L rphpg;ghd;.
uhkrhkp fpisNahL fpisaha;r; Nrh;e;J kueha; Nghy; xl;bf; nfhz;lhd;.
igad;fs; nfhQ;rk; njhiy fle;J Nghd gpwF> nks;s ,wq;fp te;J jd; CUf;F
Gwg;gl;lhd;. fhiyapy; vOe;jJk; uhkrhkp fhy;if fOtpf;nfhz;L xU Nyhl;lhg
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
138
ePj;J jz;zPh; Fbj;Jtpl;L> vUik khl;il mtpo;g;ghs;.
khl;ilf; fl;bdhd;.
nrq;fKl;bia curpg; gy; Nja;j;Jtpl;L> fk;kQ;Nrhw;wpy;
Nkhh;tpl;Lf; fiuj;Jr; rhg;gpLths;.
nfhLg;ghs;.
uhkrhkp> njhOtpy;
jhahh; J}f;Fr; rl;bapy; NrhW itj;Jf;
gf;fj;J CUf;F gbf;fg; Gwg;gLthd;.
jhahh; Gj;jp nrhy;yp
mDg;Gths;.
Mdhy;> ,uhkrhkp igf;fl;ilAk; J}f;FthspiaAk; Ntg;g kuj;jpd; cr;rpapy;
cs;s xU nfsspapy; njhq;f tpl;Ltpl;L> fPNo ,wq;fp te;J me;j Xilapy;
jdpikapy; ePz;l Neuk; tpisahbf; nfhz;bUg;ghd;. mg;Gwk; Ntg;gkuj;jpd; NkNy
Vwpf;nfhz;L %d;W fpisfs; neUf;fkha;g; gphpfpw Xh; ,lj;jpy; nrhfkhfr; rha;e;J
cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;L kzpf;fzf;fha;f; fPNo tpohky; J}q;Fthd;. Kopg;Gj; jl;bagpd;
fz;fis ntwpj;J thdj;ijNa ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;ghd;
Ngha;fplf;Fk;.
kdJ ntwpr;Nrhbg;
uhkrhkpf;F Nkfq;fs; glk; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jd. mg;gbNa
yapj;J> mre;J> kPz;Lk; xU rpd;dj; J}f;fk; NghLths;.
fz; tpopj;jTld; mtDf;Fj; jhfKk; fs;sg; grpAk; tUk;.
vd;djhtJ thq;fpj; jpq;fZk; NghypUe;jJ.
filf;Fg;Ngha;
gUj;jpia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L fPNo
,wq;fp CUf;F te;jhd;. xU tPl;by; jz;zPh; thq;fp MirjPuf; Fbf;f epidj;jhd;.
me;j tPl;by; xU fpotdhh; ve;jg; gs;spf;$lg; igad;fisf; fz;lhYk; $g;gpl;L>
‘vj;jdhtJ tFg;G gbf;fpwha;’ vd;W Nfl;Ltpl;L clNd xU kdf;fzf;Fg;
NghLthh;.
me;jr; rkaj;jpy; mtiuf; nfhy;yZk; Nghy ,Uf;Fk;.
ey;yNtis
mth; ghh;f;ftpy;iy. Ch;ff
; pzw;wpy; xU ngz; jz;zPh; ,iwj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
thsp epiwaj; jz;zPh; thq;fp> ,uz;L iffisAk; Nrh;j;J ‘Nfhhpf; Nfhhp’,
Fbj;jhd;.
mg;Gwk; me;jf; fpuhkj;jpDs; %iyapypUe;j xU filf;Fg; Nghdhd;.
gUj;jpiag; Nghl;L gf;flh NtZnkd;W Nfl;lhd;.
fpuhkhe;juf; filfSf;Nf
cz;lhd xUtif third me;jf; filapypUe;J mbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ;
gf;flhit
kbepiwaf;
njhpatpy;iy.
CUf;Fj;
fl;bf;nfhz;L
Gwg;gl;lhd;.
vq;Nf
NghfpwJ
vd;W
mg;gbNa gf;flhitj; jpd;W nfhz;Nl yhj;jyha; ele;jhd;.
njw;NfAs;s
nfhl;lhuq;fnshd;wpy;
Rw;wp
Ks;fk;gpahy;
Nfhl;il
tisj;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
mjpy; tlNkw;F %iyapy; xU rhis. me;jr; rhisapd; Fsph;r;rpahd Rth;
epoypy; cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;L uhkrhkp gf;flhit U[pj;Jj; jpd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk;
NghJ>
jpBnud;W
jpLf;fpl;lhd;.
xU
rpd;df;
Foe;ijapd;
Rw;Wk; Kw;Wk; ghh;j;jhd;.
rphpg;Gr;
rj;jk;
Nfl;L
mtd;
rhisia xU Rw;Wr; Rw;wp te;jhd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
139
xUtiuAk; fhztpy;iy. kWf;fp Ntfkhf xU Rw;WS te;jhd;. mg;gTk; ,y;iy>
gioagbAk; me;j ,lj;jpy; te;J cl;fhh;e;J nkJthf c\uhf> Rw;Wg; Gwq;fisf;
fz;fshy; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhd;. ,g;nghOJ jpUk;gTk; me;jr; rphpg;G rj;jk;
Nfl;fTk;> fz;Lgpbj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.
rhisapd; Nky; Rthpy;> cauj;jpNy xU
rpd;d rJu [dc;dy; ,Ue;jJ.
fw;fspy; cth; js;spa
,ilfspy; fhy;
ngUtpuy;fisf; nfhLj;Jg; gf;Ftkhf Vwp [d;diyg; gpbj;J Kfj;ij mjpy;
gjpj;jhd;. cs;NsapUe;J VNjh thil ‘Fg;’ ngd;W mbj;jJ. cs;Ns R+o;epiyiaf;
fz;fs; gof rpy tpehbfs; gpbj;jd.
nfhz;bUe;jJ.
$iu Kfl;bypUe;J xU J}sp njhq;fpf;
fWg;G kz; rl;bg; ghidfs; %iyf;F xd;whff; fple;jd.
nespe;JNghd mYkpdpaj; jk;sh;> thnyhbe;j mfg;ig> gpa;e;JNghd Nfhiug;gha;>
Jug;gpbj;j
jfu
kz;nzz;nza;
tpsf;F>
fpopry;
Jzpfs;
,itnay;yhk;
njhpe;jd.
%d;W taJ Mz;Foe;ij gpwe;j Nkdpahf thry; jftpd; ,Lf;F topahf
ntspNa ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;f me;jf; Foe;ij>
jpUk;gTk; re;Njh\j;jhy; rphpj;J Mh;g;ghpj;jJ. me;j ,Lf;F topahf vijf; fz;L
rphpf;fpwJ vd;W njhpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;W uhkrhkpf;F Mtyhf ,Ue;jJ.
,wq;fp> Rw;wp me;jg; gf;fk; Ngha; ghh;j;jhd;.
Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy; mq;Nf ehiye;J
FQ;RfSld; xU Nfhop Nka;e;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.
me;jr; rpd;df; FQ;Rfisf;
fz;Ljhd; me;jf; Foe;ijf;F jhq;f Kbahj Mde;jk;.
uhkrhkp jpUk;gTk; [d;dy; kPJ Vwpg;ghh;j;jhd;. me;jf; Foe;ij itj;j fz;
thq;fhky; fjT ,Lf;F topNa ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
Foe;ijiag; gaKWj;jpg; ghh;f;fNtz;Lk; Nghy; ,Ue;jJ.
thiaAk;
Nfhukhf
itj;Jf;nfhz;L>
xU
gaq;fukhd
mtDf;F> me;jf;
njhz;ilf; FopiaAk;
rj;jk;
nfhLj;jhd;.
jdpikapy; ,Ue;j me;jf; Foe;ij cz;ikapNy gae;J Js;sp tpOe;jJ. uhkrhkp
kPz;Lk; mNj Fuypy; xU rj;jk; nfhLj;jhd;.
gPjp epiwe;j fz;fshy; Foe;ij
[d;diyg; ghh;j;jJ. tPy; vd;W fj;jpf; nfhz;Nl Rthpd; kiwTf;Fs; Ngha; xspe;J
nfhz;lJ.
me;j [d;dy; topahf ,Jtiu ,t;tsT gaq;fukhd xU G+r;rhz;biag;
ghh;j;jjpy;iy.
,e;j [d;dy; topNa rpy rkak; mk;Gyp khkhitg; ghh;j;jJz;L.
vg;gthtJ rpy rkak; xd;wpuz;L Ch;f;FUtpfs; cs;Ns te;Jnky;y vl;bg;ghh;fF
; k;.
ghh;j;jhy; tpUl;nld;W gwe;J Ngha;tpLk;.
Foe;ijapd; tpRk;gy; xyp mtd;
cs;sj;jpy; fUiz Ruf;fr; nra;jJ. ‘ghg;gh> ,e;jh ghU ehd; G+r;rhz;b ,y;iy
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
140
mz;zd; te;jpUf;fpNwd; mz;zd;”.
kiwe;Jnfhz;l Foe;ij efuNtapy;iy.
mtd;
nfhQ;rk;
jd;
kbapypUe;j
gf;flhtpy;
,g;nghOJjhd; Foe;ij mtid ek;gpaJ.
jpUk;gTk;
kiwe;J
vLj;Jf;nfhz;L
nfhz;lJ.
xspe;J
vLj;J
cs;Ns
Nghl;lhd;.
Mdhy; gf;flhit vLj;Jf; nfhz;L
kPz;Lk;
nfhz;lJ.
xU
gf;flhitg;
,g;nghOJ
uhkrhkp
Nghl;lhd;.
[d;diyg;
gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L jiyia kl;Lk; kiwj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. nky;y vl;bg; ghh;j;jhd;.
Foe;ij jiyia gpd;thq;fpaJ.
mtDk; jiyia kiwj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.
jpUk;gTk; jiyia ePl;bg; ghh;j;jJ.
,g;gbahf xU rpd;d tpisahl;bd; %yk;>
mth;fSila rpNefk; Muk;gkhfpaJ.
xU
ehs;
Ntg;gkuj;Jf;F
uhkrhkpapd;
jio
Ciur;
xbf;f
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te;jNghJ>
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,tidg;
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Ngha;g;
ngw;Nwhh;fsplk; tp\aj;ijr; nrhy;yp tpl;lhd;. uhkrhkp me;j tU\k; tof;fk;Nghy;
ngapy;
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ahNuh
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ghisaq;Nfhl;ilapYs;s xU fhd;ntd;by; Nrh;j;J tpl;lhh;fs;.
uhkrhkpiag;
ftiy vd;gNj
,d;dnjd;W mwpahj uhkrhkpf;F ,g;nghOJ ngUq;ftiy te;J R+o;e;Jnfhz;lJ.
,e;jg;
gs;spf;$lj;Jf;
Nfhl;ilr;
RtUf;Fs;NsNa
Rw;wp
te;jhd;.
rpy
ehl;fSf;Fs;shfNt mtd; jd;Dila> jhd; gpwe;j fhpry; kz;iz epidj;J
epidj;J Vq;f Muk;gpj;jhd;.
tFg;gpy; uhkrhkp kpfTk; Nrhh;e;JNgha; cl;fhh;e;jpUe;jhd;. ,lJ Koq;ifia>
nl];fpd; Nky; Cd;wp me;jf; ifahy; Kfj;ijj; jhq;fpf;
ntspNa
ghh;j;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
fz;fs;
fOj;jbapy; Nth;it Jsph;f;f Muk;gpj;jJ.
nfhz;L [d;dYf;F
mtidawpahky;
nrhUfpd.
mzpy;fs; vOg;gpa xypfSf;F Vw;g>
mtd; cl;fhh;e;J J}q;fpf;nfhz;Nl xU fdT fz;lhd;.
Ch; Fsf;fiuapy; itj;J gz;bjd; mtDf;F Kb ntl;Lfpwhd;. Fsf;fiu
,g;nghOJ nfhf;fuf; Fsj;jpYs;s ntapy; KfNk ghuhj kuj;jbahf khWfpwJ.
uhkrhkpia xU igad; jiyiaj; njhl;L vOg;gpdhd;.
uhkrhkp jpLf;fpl;L
tpopj;jhd;. tFg;gpy; rphpg;G ,d;Dk; Xatpy;iy. thj;jpahh; mtidg; ngah; nrhy;yp
Nki[f;F gf;fj;jpy; mioj;jhh;.
‘cd; clk;Gf;F vd;d?” vd;W MjuNthL
Nfl;lhh;. ‘fha;r;ry; rhh;” mtid mwpahkNyNa mtDila tha; nrhy;yp tpl;lJ.
fpl;l mioj;J mtDila clk;igj; njhl;Lg;ghh;j;jhh; thj;jpahh;.
‘[py;’ nyd;W
,Ue;jJ clk;G. ‘ep[khfNt vdf;F tapw;iw typf;fpwJ rhh;” vd;whd; ghpjhgkhf.
thj;jpahh; md;ghd kdpjh;.
kNdhjj;Jtk; njhpe;jth;.
rphpj;Jf;nfhz;Nl rhp
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
141
Ngha;g; gLj;Jf;nfhs; vd;W nrhy;yp mDg;gpdhh;. mtkhdk; jhshky; tFg;gpypUe;J
Xbdhd; uhkrhkp md;W ehnsy;yhk; Nahrpj;jhd;. ,q;fpUe;J vg;gbahtJ jg;gp
Xbg;Ngha;tpLtJ vd;W KbT nra;jhd;.
,uT
rhg;ghl;L
Ngha;tpl;lhh;fs;.
kzp
mbj;jJ.
vy;yhg;
igad;fSk;
jg;gpj;Jg; Nghf ,Jjhd; rhpahd rkak;.
Gwg;gl;Lg;
xU kuj;jpd; kPJ Vwp>
ntspNa ifePl;bf; nfhz;bUe;j mjd; fpistopahf te;J> Nfhl;ilr; RtUf;F
ntspNa Fjpj;jhd;.
Koq;fhypy; te;j uj;jj;ijj; Jilj;Jf; fy;ypy; Nja;j;jhd;.
gps;isiag; Nghl;L gyhg;gok; vLj;j Xil topahf ,wq;fp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf fle;J
rpe;JG+e;Jiw te;jile;jhd;.
mtDf;F.
,g;nghOJjhd; kdrpy; nfhQ;rk; epk;kjp gpwe;jJ
g]; epiyaj;jpYs;s kpl;lha;f; filapy; kpl;lha; thq;fpf; nfhz;lhd;.
goq;fs; thq;fp cz;lhd;.
uhnty;yhk; gugug;NghL nghOijf; fopj;Jtpl;L>
mjpfhiyapy; Nfhtpy;gl;b NghFk; Kjy; g];]py; Vwp Ch; te;J Nrh;e;jhd;. Neuhf
Rg;Guh[; ,Ue;j rhisia Nehf;fpg; Nghdhd;.
NghFk;NghNj rhpahd ePskhd
‘rPdpf;fy;’ xd;iwj; Njbj; Njbf; ifNahL vLj;Jf;nfhz;L Nghdhd;.
NghdJk;
Kjy; N[hypahf me;j ‘ehwg;G+l;il’ ,lJ ifapdhy; cilj;J> Rg;Guh[;i[>
tpLjiy nra;jhd;.
‘eP ,j;jid ehs; vq;Nf NghapUe;Nj> vd;id tpl;Ll;L?” vd;W Nfl;lJ.
,e;jf; Nfs;tpia> ghpRj;jkhd md;ig uhkrhkpahy; jhq;f Kbatpy;iy. fz;fspy;
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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nthpj;jpUe;jJ; ‘khl;Lf; Fsk;gpd; fhybjhd; jiuapy; gjpe;jpUf;fpwJ;’ vt;tsT
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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vt;tsT moFgLj;j KbANkh mt;tsT nra;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.
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,dhkhff;
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Ngha; tpl;lNj> vd;w Nahridapy; gykhf Mo;e;jpUe;jhh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fpzw;Wf;Fs; ,Ue;J> ‘ey;y jz;zPh>; ey;y jz;zPh;” vd;w Fuy; Nfl;Lj;
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tz;bfspy; nfhz;L te;J Nrhh;j;jhh;. Nkw;Nf xU Chpy; kpsF ehw;W thq;f Kg;gJ
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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tbtk;khis
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nfhQ;rkhtJ nfhLf;f Kbatpy;iy vd;whYk; ,e;j tU\ tl;bahtJ nfhLj;jhy;
ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;” vd;whh;. nrl;bahh; xd;Wk; Ngrtpy;iy.
ChpypUe;J Vio tptrhapfs; vy;yhk; jQ;rhT+h; vd;Wk; Me;jpuNjrk; vd;Wk;
gQ;rk; gpiof;f;r; nrd;whh;fs;.
nrl;bahh; tPl;ilAk; epyj;ijAk; jtpu mth;fsplk;
vd;d ,Uf;fpwJ? ,uz;ilANk ehaf;fUf;F jhiu thh;j;Jtpl;lhh;fs;.
tsh;e;j
me;jf; fpuhkj;ijtpl;L> jto;e;J tpisahba me;j kz;iztpl;Lg; Gwg;gl;lhh;.
mtUila Njhl;lj;jpd; topahfj;jhd; ghij> jd;Dila epyj;jpd; Nky; fhy;
gl;lJk; nrl;bahUf;F clk;G Gy;yhpj;jJ. fz;fspypUe;J fz;zPh; jhiu jhiuahf
tope;jJ. jhahiu mlf;fk; nra;j ,lj;Jf;F te;jJk; mg;gbNa jiuapy; kuk; Nghy;
rha;e;jhh;. nrl;bahh; FLk;gj;jhUld; uapNywp nrd;whh;.
kJiuapy; nrl;bahh; gpshl;ghuj;jpYs;s filfspy; Foe;ijfs; jpd;gjw;F
gyfhuk; thq;fpdhh;.
gj;jphpif xd;W thq;fpdhh;.
xUth; nrl;bahhpd; gf;fj;jpy;
fple;j gj;jphpifia vLj;Jg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
‘fpzW ntl;l rh;ff
; huhy;
,dhkhf &gha; toq;fg;gLk; jpl;lj;ij> tptrhapfspd; ed;ikia cj;Njrpj;J
ePbj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.
fpilf;Fk;.
,e;j tU\k; fpzW xd;Wf;F IE}W &gha; ,dhkhff;
tptrhapfs; ,j;jpl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp czT cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;fp
Njr Rgpl;rj;Jf;Fg; ghLgLk;gb Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;”.
nra;jpiaf; Nfl;l kw;wth;fs; re;Njh\g;gl;lhh;fs;.
Fj;jpl;L epd;wd.
nrl;bahhpd; Nuhkq;fs;
fz;fs; Nfhitg;gok; Nghy; ‘[pt;’ vd;W rpte;jd.
gha;e;J gj;jphpifia ‘lgf;’ vd;W gpLq;fpRf;FE}whff; fpopj;jhh;.
Ntfkhfg;
vy;NyhUk;
jpifj;jhh;fs;> vd;d fhuzk; vd;W xUtUf;Fk; xd;Wk; tpsq;ftpy;iy! ey;yrptk;
nrl;bahh; khj;jpuk; xU Nfhzy; Gd;dif nra;jhh;.
Nfhkjp
Nfhkjp nrl;bahUf;F taR Kg;gJ.
ngz;Foe;ij
vd;W
epidj;Jj;jhd;
mtdJ ngw;Nwhh;fs; mtDf;F
Nfhkjp
mtDf;FKd; gpwe;j VOk; mry; ngz;fs;.
vd;W
ngah;
itj;jhh;fs;.
,tDf;F rpW gpuhaj;jpypUe;Nj
[ilNghl;L G+ itj;Jf; nfhs;tjpYk;> tis mzpe;J nfhs;tjpYk; nfhs;is
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
148
Mir> cUtk; Mzhf ,Ue;jhYk;> ,ay;G mr;R mry; ngz;zhfNt tsh;e;J
te;jhd;.
ePl;b>
ePl;b
jiy
mirj;Jg;
,Uf;Fk;NghJjhd; nghUj;jkhf ,Ue;jJ.
NgRtJ
mtDf;F
Foe;ijahf
ngz; Foe;ijfNshLjhd; tpUg;gkhf
tpisahlg; Nghthd;. Mz;fNshL tpisahl Ntz;baJ Vw;gl;Ltpl;lhy; tPLfl;b>
fy;ahzk; gz;zp tpisahLk; tpisahl;by; jhd; gphpak; mjpfk;.
mjpYk;
kzg;ngz;zhf jd;id itg;gnjd;why;jhd;> tpisahl tur; rk;kjpg;ghd;.
taR Mf Mf mtd; Mz;fNshL Nrh;e;J goFtijNa tpl;L tpl;lhd;.
ngz;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lq;fspy;jhd; rjh mtidg; ghh;f;fyhk;. VjhtJ mjprakhd
rq;fjpiaf; Nfs;tpg;gl;lhy; gl;nld;W ifiaj;jl;b ,lJ if kzpf;fl;bd; Nky;
tyJ Koq;ifia Cd;wp Ms;fhl;b tpuiyf; nfhf;fpNghy; tisj;Jj; jd;
%f;fpd;Nky; xl;litj;Jf; nfhs;thd;.
mfykhd fUQ; rhe;Jg; nghl;il itj;J
ntw;wpiy Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L fPo; cjl;ilj; JUj;jpAk;> ehf;if ehf;if ePl;bAk;
rpfg;ghfg; gpbj;jpUf;fpwjh vd;W mbf;fb ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;thd;.
jiyKbia
ms;spr; nrhUfp ‘nfhg;G’ itj;J G+ itj;J f; nfhs;Sthd;.
Jz;il
mbf;fb
khuhg;ig
rhp
gz;ZtJNghy;
,Oj;J
,Oj;J
tpl;Lf;nfhz;L ,Lg;ig ,lJk; tyJk; Ml;b mry; ngz;fisg; Nghy; ifia
xa;ahukh tPrp elg;ghd;.
elj;JtJk; ,y;iy.
nfhs;thh;fs;.
ngz;fs; ,tid tpjpahrkhfNt epidg;gJ ,y;iy.
,td; vq;f nrd;whYk; ,tidg; gphpakhf itj;Jf;
Mz; ngz; rk;ge;jkhd ghy; czh;r;rp fijfisr; nrhy;yp
mth;fis kfpo;tpg;ghd;.
,tDf;F xNu xU fiy mw;Gjkhff; ifte;jpUe;jJ. rikay; gz;Ztjpy;
,tDf;F epfh; ,tNdjhd;.
Vfg;gl;l fpuhf;fp.
tpUe;J ehl;fspy; Nfhkjp Nfhkjp vd;W ,tDf;F
xU jilt> J}uj;J ChpYs;s jdJ ge;Jf;fs; tPl;Lf;
fy;ahzj;jpw;Fg; NghFk;gb Neh;e;jJ ,tDf;F.
fy;ahz tPl;Lf;F te;jpUe;j
ngz;fspy;> gpurpj;jp ngw;w uFgjp ehaf;fhpd; tPl;Lg; ngz;fSk; te;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
mth;fSila
moifAk;
eif
Mguzq;fisAk;
cilfisAk;
cy;yhrkhd
Ngr;Rf;fisAk; fz;L Nfhkjp mg;gbNa nrhf;fpg; Ngha; tpl;lhd;.
uFgjp ehaf;fhpd; ,isaNgj;jp Fkhhp RNyh ,tidf; fz;lJk;> ,tDila
mq;f mirTfisAk; jSf;ifAk; fz;L jd; itu tisay; FYq;ff; ifnfhl;bf;
fyfyntdr; rphpj;jhs;.
uFjp ehaf;fhpd; tPl;Lg; ngz;fSf;F> ,tidg; gw;wp
mq;fpUe;j xUj;jp tp];jhukhfr; nrhy;yp mwpKfk; nra;Jitj;jhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
149
ngz;fs;
tpyfp
cl;fhh;e;J
itj;Jf;nfhz;lhh;fs;.
mtidj;
jq;fs;
mUNf
cl;fhu
Nfhkjp VNjh tha;jpwe;J Ngr Muk;gpj;jNghJ RNyh
Fdpe;J jd; fhij mtd; tha; mUNf ePl;bdhs;. uFgjp ehaf;fhpd; tPl;Lg;ngz;fs;
vy;NyhUNk xU ifapy; itu tisay;fSk; xU ifapy; fUtisay;fSk;
mzpe;jpUg;ghh;fs;.
me;j tPl;Lg; ngz;fis epidj;jhNy rpte;j cjLfSk;
ntz;ikahd gw;fSNk Qhgfj;Jf;F tUk;.
uFgjp ehaf;fhpd; Ngudhuhd uFgjp ehaf;fh; jd; FLk;gj;jpYs;s moif
NkYk; NkYk; tsh;j;Jr; nrOikg;gLj;jpdhh;. moFkpFe;j ehd;F Gj;jpuh;fSf;Fk;
Me;jpu
Njrj;Jf;Fr;
nrd;W
jq;ftpf;ufq;fisg;
NghYs;s
vl;L
];jphp
uj;jpdq;fisf; nfhz;L te;J MSf;F ,uz;L Ngij fy;ahzk; gz;zp itj;jhh;.
moFkpFe;j khg;gps;isfisNa Njh;e;njLg;ghh;.
,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W mtrpakpy;iy.
,e;j khg;gps;isfSf;F nrhj;J
moFkpFe;j ngz;izAk; nfhLj;J
mtDf;F Ntz;ba nrhj;ijAk; vOjp itg;ghh;.
,g;Ngh;g;gl;l xU ,lj;Jf;Fj;jhd; Nfhkjp rikay; cj;jpNahfj;Jf;Fg; ngl;b
gLf;ifAld; Ngha;r; Nrh;e;jhd;. vy;NyhUf;Fk; xU nghpa tpUe;Nj ele;jJ. mtd;
gilj;j czit Urpghh;j;jgpd;jhd; ngz;fSf;F mtd; kPJs;s ,sg;gk; XusT
ePq;fpaJ.
mtid ghpthfTk; ,uq;fj;jf;f xU [PtdhfTk;> jq;fNshL> jq;fs;
,dj;NjhL Nrh;e;j xU Mj;khthfTk; elj;jpdhh;fs;.
rhg;gpl;L Kbj;j uFgjp
ehaf;fh;> ,e;jg; GJ rikay;fhuid ghh;f;fNtz;Lnkd;W nrhy;yp khbapYs;s jd;
gFjpf;F tutioj;jhh;.
mtDila gaj;ijf; fz;L uFgjp ehaf;fh; ,d;Dk;
cuf;fr; rphpj;jhh;. tPl;Lg; ngz;fs; vy;yhUk; rpwpJU js;sp epd;W ,ij Ntbf;if
ghh;j;jhh;fs;.
gpd;G vOe;J jd; gPNuhitj; jpwe;J xU N[hb gl;Lf;fiu Nt\;bia vLj;J
‘,e;jh> gpb” vd;W nfhLj;jDg;gpdhh;. Nfhkjp me;j Nt\;bfis filrp tiuAk;
cLj;jNt ,y;iy.
mjpfhiyapy; gugug;ghfTk; cw;rhfkhfTk; Nfhkjp Ntiy
nra;Jnfhz;L ,Ue;jhd;.
ngz;fs; Fspf;Fk; miwfspy; nfhz;LNgha; nte;ePh;
nuhg;GtJk;> Nrhg;GfSk; Jthiyfisf; nfhz;L nfhLg;gJk; mth;fSf;F KJF
Nja;j;J tpLtJkhf tof;fkhd Ntiyfspy; gk;gukhfr; Rod;W nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
RNyhtpd; mz;zd; uF gl;lzj;jpypUe;J ,d;W khiy yPTf;F tUfpwhd;.
jd;
mz;zidg;gw;wp
RNyh
Nfhkjpaplk;
gy
re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
nrhy;yf;
Nfl;bUf;fpwhd;... mtUf;F vd;ndd;d rikay; tiffs; gpbf;Fk; vd;nwy;yhk;
Nfl;Lj; njhpe;J nfhz;bUe;jhd; Nfhkjp.
Nghh;bNfhTf;Fs; fhh; te;J epd;wJk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
150
Kd;gf;fk; ngz;fnsy;yhk; te;jhh;fs;. Nfhkjp kl;Lk; fjT ,Lf;F topNa
xspe;Jnfhz;L ghh;j;jhd;.
Mz;ofdhd uF M[hDghFthf ,wq;fp [k; vd;W epd;whd;.
ghh;j;j Nfhkjpf;F vd;d nra;tnjd;Nw Njhd;wtpy;iy.
uFitg;
jpBnud;W vq;NfAk;
,y;yhj ntl;fk; te;J mtidr; R+o;e;Jnfhz;lJ. xUtUk; ghh;g;gjw;Fs; cs;Ns
xNu Xl;lkhfg; Ngha; Fspg;giwf;Fs; Ngha;f; fjit G+l;bf; nfhz;lhd;!
,uT
rhg;ghl;bd;NghJ uFTf;F RNyhNt ghpkhwpdhs;. Nfhkjp kiwtpy; epd;W nfhz;L
uF Ritj;Jr; rhg;gpLtijNa itj;j fz; thq;fhky; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
Nfhkjpf;F clk;ngy;yhk; Nth;j;J glglntd;W te;jJ.
jd;idr; rpwpJ
MRthrg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L epiyf; fz;zhbapd; Kd; Ngha; epd;W jd;id ed;whfg;
ghh;j;J> jiyapYs;s G+it rhpg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhd;.
ghy; lk;siu xU jl;by;
vLj;Jf; nfhz;L khbia Nehf;fp ,g;nghOJjhd; GJg;ngz; Kjy; ,uTf;Fg;
NghfpwijNghy; mbNky; mbitj;J Vwpr;nrd;whd;.
jl;NlhL if eLq;fpajhy;
vq;Nf ghy; nfhl;b tpLNkh vd;W epidj;J jk;siu xU ifahy; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;Nl
Nghdhd;.
uF jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;jhd;>
Kfj;ijr; Ropj;jhd;> ,e;j u]tp`huj;ij mtd;
Mz;ik epiwe;j csj;jhy; jhq;f Kbatpy;iy. RNyhit ,njy;yhk; vd;d vd;w
Kiwapy; Nfhgj;NjhL ghh;j;jhd;. RNyh fyfyntd;W rphpj;jhs;. fUq;fy; jiuapy;
fz;zhb tisay;fs; njhlh;e;J tpOe;J ciltJNghy; ,Ue;jJ mtSila
rphpg;G. ,e;j ,f;fl;lhd epiyapy; vd;d nra;tnjd;Nw njhpatpy;iy Nfhkjpf;F>
mtkhdk;
jhq;ftpy;iy.
jl;il
Nki[kPJ
itj;Jtpl;L
ifahy;
Kfj;ij
%bf;nfhz;lhd;. Nfhkjp Jauk; jhq;fhky; ntspNa xLtijg; ghh;f;fg; ghpjhgkhf
,Ue;jJ.
‘,uf;fg;glj;
nfhs;syhkh?”
jFe;j
vd;W
xU
n[d;kj;jplk;
Nfl;lhs;.
ele;Jnfhz;Nlhk; vd;W gl;lJ.
uFTf;Fk;>
,g;gbf;
‘ghtk;’
nfhLikahf
ehk;
Vd;
ele;J
,g;gb
‘jhd; ,dpNky; mtdplk; RKfkhf ele;J
nfhs;tjhff;” $wpdhd;. md;wpuT jdf;Fr; rhg;ghNl Ntz;lhk; vd;Wtpl;L ntWk;
jiuapy; gLj;Jnfhz;lhd; Nfhkjp. kWehs; RNyh Nfhkjpf;F vt;tsNth rkhjhdk;
nrhy;yNtz;b ,Ue;jJ. vd;d nrhy;ypAk; Nfhkjpf;F kdR rkhjhdg;gltpy;iy.
uF te;J Nfhkjpaplk; rphpj;Jg; NgrpaJk; Nfhkjpf;F vy;yhk; rhpahfg; Ngha;tpl;lJ;
gioa Nfhkjp Mdhd;. Fwpg;giwapy; uFTf;F jz;zPh; vLj;J itj;jhd;. Nrhg;Gk;
JthiyAk; nfhz;L itj;jhd;. uFTk; re;Njh\khff; Fspf;f te;jhd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Nfhkjpia ntspNawp fjitg; G+l;bf; nfhz;lhd; uF. me;jf; fjTf;FNky;
xU rpW ghl;L [d;dy; xd;wpUe;jJ. gf;fj;jpypUe;j nghpa Ml;Luy;Nky; Vwp me;j
[d;dy; topaha;f; Fwpg;giwf;Fs; jpUl;Lj;jdkhf NtW vijNah ghh;g;gJNghy;
ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd; Nfhkjp> RNyh ,e;j ehlfj;ijnay;yhk; xd;W tplhky;
ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;. mtshy; rphpg;ig mlf;f Kbatpy;iy. fz;fspy; gpJq;Fk;
fz;zPiuj; Jilj;Jf;nfhz;Nl mg;ghy; Ngha;tpl;lhs;. ,d;Dq;nfhQ;rk; thq;fpf;
nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W Nfhkjp gykhf cgrhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl uFTf;Fg; ghpkhwpdhd;.
jd; kdJf;Fg; gpbj;jth;fis jhd; rikj;jij jd; ifahNyNa ghpkhwp
mth;fs; cz;gijf; fhz;gjpy; vg;gTNk Nfhkjpf;F guk jpUg;jp.
rhg;gpl;L
khbf;Fg;
Nghdgpd;
Nfhkjp
ngz;fspd;
vy;NyhUk;
Fspg;giwf;Fg;
gf;fj;jpy;
jd;nfd;W xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s jd;Dila jdpj;j miwapy; ntw;wpiyg; ghf;F>
Gifapiyfisg; Nghl;L Kof;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. re;Njh\j;ij mtdhy; mlf;f
Kbatpy;iy. FunyLj;Jg; ghlNtz;Lk; Nghy; ,Ue;jJ.
,uT rhg;ghL Kbe;jJ> tof;fk;Nghy; Nfhkjp uFTf;F ghy; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L
Nghdhd;. uF jdpahf cl;fhh;e;J VNjh vOjpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. gf;fj;jpy; nfhz;L
te;J itj;Jtpl;L vjpNuAs;s fz;zhbapy; jd; Kfj;ij ,g;gbAk; mg;gbAkhf xU
jilt ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;lhd;.
uFTf;F gLf;ifiaj; jl;bg; Nghl;lhd;. kPz;Lk;
gf;fj;jpy; te;J cuha;e;Jnfhz;L ‘ghiyr; rhg;gpLq;Nfhd;dh; Mwpg;NghfpwJ” vd;W
nfhQ;ryhfr; nrhd;dhd;. nrhd;dNjhL mtd; epd;wpUe;jhYk; uFtpw;F Nfhgk;
te;jpUf;fhJ; ehbia NtW njhl;Lj; jhq;fpdhd;.
mg;gbNa
Nfhkjpapd;
nrtpl;by;
Xq;fp
xU
miw
uF Ngdhit vwpe;J tpl;L
tpl;lhd;.
,ij
Nfhkjp
vjph;ghh;f;ftpy;iy. fd;dj;ijf; ifahy; nghj;jpf;nfhz;L uFitg; ghh;j;J rphpf;f
Kad;whd;; rphpf;fKbatpy;iy. gPjpAk; rphpg;Gk; khwpkhwp Kfj;jpy; Njhd;wp ,Wjpapy;
gPjp Kw;wp gaq;fukhf Kfk; khwpaJ.
,J uFTf;F ,d;Dk; MNtrj;ij cz;L
gz;zpaJ> jd; tyJ fhiy cah;j;jp Xq;fp mtd; neQ;rpy; cijj;Jj; js;spdhd;.
md;W ,uT %d;W Ngh;fSk; J}q;ftpy;iy. Fspg;giwf;Fg; gf;fj;jpypUe;j
miwapypUe;J ,uT G+uhTk; xg;ghhp itj;J mOk; Nrhff; Fuy; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl
,Ue;jJ.
uF VNjh mtru N[hypahf gl;lzj;Jf;Fg; Gwg;gl;Ltpl;lhd;.
jd; miwapypUe;J ntspNa tuNt ,y;iy.
NghypUf;fpwJ.
Nfhkjp
‘mtDf;F clk;Gf;F rhpapy;iy
,d;W ntspapNyNa fhNzhk;” vd;W nrhd;dhh;fs;.
RNyh
xd;WNk njhpahjJ Nghy; nksdkhf ,Ue;jhs;. uF ifapy; xU nghl;lyj;Jld;
Nfhkjpapd; ,Ug;gplk; nrd;whd;. me;jg; nghl;lyj;ij Nfhkjpaplk; nfhLj;jhd; uF.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
152
Nfhkjp nghl;lyj;ij mtpo;j;jhd; epiwa nrte;jp G+f;fSk;> mUikahd
fUtisfSk; ,Ue;jd.
ngz;fnsy;NyhUk; rphpj;jhh;fs;.
mtd; fz;fspy; fz;zPh; te;jJ.
NfhkjpAk; rphpj;jhd;;
uF CUf;Fr; nrd;W gy ehl;fs; Mfptpl;lJ.
Nfhkjp vy;yh NtiyfisAk; Kd;NghyNt nra;fpwhndd;whYk; mtd; Kd;Nghy
fyfyg;ghf ,y;iy.
jdpahf VjhtJ Xhplj;jpy; ,Ue;Jnfhz;L vijNah
gwpnfhLj;jtd;Nghy; vijahtJ ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUg;ghd;.
kdij mWf;Fk;
ngU%r;Rf;fis mbf;fb tpLthd;. clk;G nkype;J tpl;lJ. RNyh ,ijnay;yhk;
nksdkhf ftdpj;Jf;nfhz;L te;jhs;.
xUehs; ,uT ,uz;Lkzp ,Uf;Fk;> RNyh jw;nrayhff; fz; tpopj;jhs;>
fPNo Nfhkjpapd; miwapy; ,d;Dk; tpsf;F vhpe;Jnfhz;bUe;jJ.
ghh;j;jhs;>
Nfhkjpiaf; fhNzhk;. cs;Ns xU ngz; kl;Lk; jdpahf cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;bUg;gJ
njhpe;jJ. jpfpYk; Mr;rhpakhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ahh; ,e;jg; ngz;; Nfhkjp vq;Nf?
mutkpy;yhky; RNyh gf;ftrj;jpypUe;j [d;dy; topahfg; Ngha;g; ghh;j;jhs;.
me;jg; ngz; Koq;fhiyf; fl;bf;nfhz;L cl;fhh;e;jpUe;jhs;.
fUtisfs; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
iffs; epiwa
jiyapy; [ilepiwa nrt;te;jpg; G+f;fs;.
mts; vjpNu uFtpd; Nghl;Nlh glk; ,Ue;jJ! RNyh Kfj;ijf; $h;e;J ghh;j;jhs;.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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miwe;JtpLq;fs;.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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clk;igAk; jiyiaAk; Nrh;j;J Nghh;j;jpf;nfhz;lhs;.
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gpire;J typj;jJ.
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Kfj;ijg; Gijj;J mo xU khh;Ngh ,y;iy mtSf;F> mts; xU mdhij> jhAk;>
je;ijAk; mw;wts;.
cld;gpwe;j rNfhjug; ghrNk ,d;dnjd;W mwpahj ghtp.
VNjh xU J}ukhd Ch;.
mq;Nfh gpwe;J tapw;Wf;fQ;rpf;fhf ,q;Nf te;J
,Uf;fpwhs;. mjpfhiyapNyNa vOe;J fk;gq;fhl;Lf; fhtYf;F te;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;.
uhj;jphp VO kzpf;Fj;jhd; tPL jpUk;gNtz;Lk;. kj;jpahdk; kl;Lk; xUNtiy fQ;rp
tUk;. uhj;jphp tPl;Lf;F te;J Fspj;Jtpl;L> Fjpiuthypr; NrhW rhg;gplyhk;.
uhkpapd; jfg;gd; xU Fbfhud;.
ed;whfj; jpUl;Lr; rhuhak; Fbj;Jtpl;L
te;J xUehs; jd; kidtpia flg;ghiwf; fk;gpahy; xNu Nghby; nfhd;Wtpl;L>
jhDk; MAs; jz;lidia mDgtpf;f n[apYf;Fg; Ngha;tpl;lhd;. mg;NghJ uhkp
ehY taRf; Foe;ij. ,g;NghJ mtSf;F vl;L tarhfpwJ. ,e;j ehY tU\Kk;
mts; mDgtpj;j Jd;gk; fliytplg; nghpaJ. vjhy;y mts; mb thq;ftpy;iy?
ve;j
,lj;jpy;
mb
tpohkypUe;jJ;
JLg;Gf;fl;ilahy;>
tpsf;Fkhw;why;
rl;lfg;igahy;> fisRuz;bahy;> jiyapy;> Kfj;jpy;> kzpf;fl;by;> khh;gpy;> tapw;wpy;>
epidj;j ,lnky;yhk; ifapy; fpilj;jijnay;yhk; nfhz;L vjph;j;J Ngrpajw;fhf
xU jilt ehf;fpy; R+L Nghl;lhh;fs;.
tpisahlg; Nghdjw;fhf> fhiyAk;>
ifiaAk; fl;bg;Nghl;L fz;zpy; kpsfha;g; goj;ij miuj;Jg; G+rp ntapypy; cUl;b
tpl;lhh;fs;.
FspUk; tapw;WtypAk; jhq;fKbatpy;iy.
epidj;jTld; uhkpf;F mOif te;jJ.
jd;Dila mdhij epiyia
kpd;dy; Ntfj;jpy; mtSf;Fj; jd;
mk;khtpd; KfKk;> mtSila ghpTk; Qhgfk; te;jJ. Fsph;fha guz;Nky; Vwpdhs;.
,sk; ntapypy;> mtSila vz;nza; mwpahj nrk;gl;il kaph; kpDkpDj;jJ.
KJfpYk; iffspYk; mlh;j;jpahd G+id kaph; ntapy; gl;Lg;gl;L mtSila ‘ey;y
rpfg;G” epwk; Fq;Fkkhf khwp ,Ue;jJ.
me;jf; fz;fs; gr;ir epwkhf ,Ug;gJ
G+idapd; fz;fs; Qhgfj;Jf;F tUk;. ‘fz;zhbf; fz;” my;yJ ‘gPq;fhd; fz;’
vd;Wk; nrhy;thh;fs;. fWj;J mlh;e;j GUtk;> Njq;fha;r; rpy; khjphp ntNsh; vd;w
gw;fs;; mjpy; Nky;thpirapYs;s ,uz;L ‘Kd;dj;jk;’ gw;fSf;F; ,ilapy; mhprp
fdj;jpy; xU gy;.
vy;NyhUf;Fk; Kg;gj;jpuz;L vd;why; uhkpf;F Kg;gj;jpnuz;Nl
fhy;! cjLfs; rpfg;ghf ,y;yhky;> fj;jphg;G+ epwq;fye;j xU fUg;G. ,J nuhk;gTk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mtisf; $W nfLj;jJ. mtisg; ghh;f;Fk; ahUf;FNk xU mofhd khd;Fl;bapd;
Qhgfk; tUk;.
uhkapd; ‘N;rf;fhsp” uh[h gf;fj;Jg; GQ;irf;fhud;. CUf;F Kjyhsp kfd;.
fd;dq;fNuh; vd;wpUg;ghd;.
fhjpy; %Z nts;isf;fy; gjpj;j fLf;fd;.
gf;f
tFLf; fpuhg;G. rphpj;j JWJWf;Fk; fUtz;Lf; fz;fs; nfhOnfhOntd;w rijg;
glyk; epiwe;j clk;G. mNefkhf ePyepw miuf;ifr; rl;ilNa tpUk;gp mzpthd;.
g[idf; NfhtpypUe;J mtd; jpdKk; mtSf;fhff; nfhQ;rk; mty; nfhz;L
tUtJ tof;fk;.
,uz;L NgUk; tpisahlj; jahuhdhh;fs;. xspe;J gpbj;J tpisahbdhh;fs;.
,g;nghOJ uh[hthy; uhkpiaf; fz;gpbf;f Kbatpy;iy.
Ch;e;Jnfhz;Nl
Ngha;
uh[hthy; ,J KbahJ.
jl;lhk;gaph;g;
gl;lq;fSf;F
mbapy;
GOkhjphp jiuapy;
fple;Jnfhs;ths;.
Ml;lj;jpy; Njhy;tp fz;ljhy;> uh[hTf;F Urpf;ftpy;iy.
,uz;L NgUk; guz;kPJ Vwpdhh;fs;. gil FUtpfs; vg;gTk;> Mapuk; ,uz;lhapuk;
vd;W NBrh;e;Nj tUk;.
mitfs; vq;Nf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd> fjph; jhdpaj;ijj;
jpd;Wtpl;L vq;Nf Nghfpd;wd vd;W ahUf;Fk; njhpahJ.
fisj;Jg;Ngha; ,UtUk; fUt kuj;jb epoypy; te;J cl;fhh;e;jhh;fs;. uh[h
jd;Dila GQ;irf;Fs; Ngha; ehiye;J fk;gq; fjph;fisAk; gpb epiwa ghrpg;
gapj;jq;fhAk; gpLq;fpf;nfhz;L te;jhd;.
nfhLj;J jhDk; jpd;whs;.
mijnay;yhk;
,e;jg;
uhkp fjpiu thq;fp> frf;fp Cjp Cjpf;
uhkpia mtDf;F nuhk;gTk; gpbj;Jg; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
gjpdhd;F
tUlq;fs;
fopj;J
,g;nghOJ
epidj;Jg;
ghh;j;jhYk;...... te;jJ NghyNt> uhkp> xUehs; jpBnud;W Ngha;tpl;lhs;.
vq;F NghdhNsh ahhplk; nrd;whNsh> tho;f;ifapy; elf;Fk; tprpj;jpuq;fs;......
fijfspy;
elf;Fk;
ciwNghlf; fhzhJ.
tprpj;jpuq;fnsy;yhk;
thof;ifapd;
tprpj;jpuq;fSf;F
gjpdhd;F tU\q;fSf;FKd; NghdJNghyNt jpBnud;W
kPz;Lk; xUehs; te;jhs; uhkp. Ntg;gq;Fr;rp itj;Jg; gy; Nja;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;
uh[h.
mtDf;F Kd;Gwj;jpy; ,uz;L nghpahl;fs; xU ngz; ,Lg;gpy; xU
Foe;ijNahL jq;fisf; fle;J tPl;bDs; Nghdhs;> NghFk;NghJ jd;id Nehf;fpj;
jaq;fp epd;w khjphp ,Ue;jJ.
Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jth;fs; tpilngw;Wg; Nghd gpwF uh[h tPl;bDs; GFe;jhd;.
me;jg; ngz; jd; kidtpNahL cl;fhh;e;J Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
,tidf; fz;L rphpj;jhs;.
‘Gjpa ngz;’
‘my;yJ Ngr;rpd; kj;jpapy; vOe;j rphpg;ghfTk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,Uf;fyhk;’
ahnud;W
njhpatpy;iy.
uhkp
‘vj;jid
tU\q;fshfptpl;ld.
cd;idg; ghh;j;J-vd; tPL Njb te;j cd;id ‘th” vd;W $l Nfl;ftpy;iyNa
ehd;’.
uhkp>
eP
vd;idg;gw;wp
Gyk;gpf;nfhz;Nl
fy;ahzj;Jf;F
vd;d
,Ue;jJ.
epidj;Jf;
xUNtis>
te;jpUg;ghNsh
New;W
mg;gbj;jhdpUf;Fk;.
,g;nghOJ ,e;Neuj;jpy; vg;gbg; NghtJ.
tPl;il Nehf;fp ele;jd.
uhkp
nfhs;thNah>
,uT
mtd;
kdk;
,q;Nf
ele;j
Mdhy;
mq;Nf
ehk;
uh[htpd; fhy;fs; nkJthf fy;ahz
uhkpAk; xU fhb tz;bapy; cl;fhh;e;J jd; Foe;ijia
kbapy; itj;Jf;nfhz;L vjpNu cl;fhh;e;jpUe;j xU ngz;zplk; rphpj;Jg; Ngrpf;
nfhz;bUe;jhs;. njhiytpy; tUk;NghNj uhkp kl;Lk; uh[hitf; fz;Ltpl;lhs;.
uh[h
jd;idNa
ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;
vd;gJ
uhkpf;Fj;
jd;idg; ghh;f;fNt te;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gJk; uhkpf;Fj; njhpAk;.
uh[htpd; gf;fk; ghh;f;fNt ,y;iy.
njhpAk;;
MdhYk;> mts;
fyfyntd;W tha;tpl;Lr; rphpj;jhs;.
kw;w
vy;yhg; gf;fq;fspYk; jpUk;gpj; jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;jhs;! uh[h ,Ue;j gf;fj;ijj; jtpu!
kzg;ngz; tz;b> Kd;dhy; Gwg;gl kw;w tz;bfSk; mijj; njhlh;e;J
Gwg;gl;ld.
kzpfspd; XirfSk;> rjq;if xypfSk; nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhff;
Fiwe;Jnfhz;Nl NghdJ.
Ngha;tpl;lJ.
uhrhthy; xU Gd;idif$l G+f;f KbahkNy
mg;gbNa mirahky; mtd; Nkw;Nf ghh;j;J cl;fhe;jpUe;jhd;.
Fsph;e;j Nky;fhw;W mtd; %Q;rpapy; mbj;jJ. thdj;jpy; Gwhf;fs; ,\;lg;gb N[hb
Nrh;e;J Ngrpg; gwe;Jnfhz;L Nghapd.
vd;d
fhuzk;
vd;W
njhpatpy;iy;
gf;fj;jpypUg;gth;fs;
ghh;j;J
tpLthh;fNsh vd;W gae;J> fz;fisj; Jilj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;NghJ> fPo;f;fz;lthW
nrhd;dhd;.
‘ir’
fz;zpy;
J}rp
tpOe;Jtpl;lJ.
mtd;
fz;fisj;
Jilj;Jnfhz;lijNah mtd; mg;gbr; nrhd;dijNah mq;F cz;ikapy; ahUk;
ghh;ff
; Tkpy;iy; mijf; Nfl;fTk; ,y;iy.
neUg;G
jP
nfhOe;Jtpl;L
vhpaj;
njhlq;fpaJ.
fpuhk
[dq;fs;
Mo;e;j
J}f;fj;jpypUe;jhh;fs;. J}f;fj;jpypUe;J rl;nld tpopj;jth;fs; vd;d ele;jpUf;fpwJ
vd;W mwpaNt nfhQ;r ehopifahfpaJ.
,stl;lq;fs; gha;e;J jq;fSila
,Lg;gpy; nrhUfpapUe;j R+hpia ciuapypUe;J cUtpf;nfhz;L> njhOtq;fSf;Fs;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Eioe;jhh;fs;. jq;fSilaNjh jq;fSila n[d;k tpNuhjpfSilaNjh ahUila
MLkhLfisAk; fapw;iw R+hpahy; mWj;J mitfis tpLjiy nra;jhh;fs;.
vjph;jpirapypUe;J> jpUkz cilapy; xU ngz;> ,uz;L iffisAk;
Kd;Ndhf;fp tphpj;Jf;nfhz;L> mOJnfhz;Nl Xbte;jhs;.
me;jj; jhAk; kfSk;
xUtiu xUth; me;jr; re;jpapy; Muj; jOtpf;nfhz;lhh;fs;.
njUtpy; jz;zPhf
; ;
Flj;Jld; te;jth;fisAk; $iukPJ ,Ue;jth;fisAk; ,f;fhl;rp kdirj; njhl;L>
xU fzk; rpiyfshf epd;whh;fs;.
gf;fj;Jr; NrhpapypUe;J `hp[dq;fs; cjtpf;F Xb te;jhh;fs;. mth;fNshL
mth;fisr; Nrh;e;j xU gpr;irf;fhhpAk; Xbte;jhs;.
jhq;fs; ,Jtiu me;j
tPLfSf;Fs; vl;bg; ghh;f;fhj ,lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; Ngha;> mth;fSf;F rhkhd;fs; jhdpaq;fs; - xJq;f itf;f xj;jhrid nra;jhh;fs;. Foe;ijfisAk; js;shj
fpoth;fisAk; njhl;Lj; J}f;fpf;nfhz;L te;J fhg;ghw;wpdhh;fs;.
ehr;rpahuk;khTk; mtsJ GU\d; ngUkhs; ehaf;fUk; jq;fSila tPL
ed;whfj; jPg;gpbj;Jf; nfhz;l gpwFjhd; tpopj;jhh;fs;. MSf;Ff; ifapy; ,uz;L
Foe;ijfisj;jhd;
J|f;fpf;nfhz;L
ntspNa
Xbtu
Kbe;jJ.
jhiaf;
Foe;ijfisg; ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;sr; nrhy;yptpl;L cs;Ns gha;e;jhh; ehaf;fh;. gPjpNahL
mOJnfhz;bUe;j ,uz;L Foe;ijfis ntspNa nfhz;L te;J tpl;Ltpl;Lj;
jpUk;gTk; cs;Ns Xbdhh;.
nkhj;jk; mth;fSf;Fg; gd;dpnuz;L Foe;ijfs;.
,g;nghOJ ,d;Dk; ,uz;L Foe;ijfis ,Lf;fpf; nfhz;L js;shb te;jhh;
ehaf;fh;.
me;jr; rkaj;jpy;jhd; me;jg; gpr;irf;fhhp Fyitapl;Lf; nfhz;Nl mq;F
Xbte;jhs;.
,lj;Jf;F
khh;NghL Nrh;j;J rl;bia mizj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,th;fs; ,Ue;j
Xb
te;jhs;.
Xb
te;jts;
epd;W
ehaf;fhpd;
fhy;fis
gpd;dpf;nfhz;bUe;j Foe;ijfisg; gaKWj;jp gpLq;fp vLj;J mth; cs;Ns Nghf
cjtp nra;jhs;.
ehaf;fh; ,g;nghOJ %d;W Foe;ijfSld; Fdpe;J nfhz;Nl
ntspNa te;jhh;.
muq;F tPl;Lf;Fs; ,Ue;j xd;gJ taJila ehd;fhtJ igad; khj;jpuk;
cs;Ns mfg;gl;Lf; nfhz;lhd;.
jhahdts; ,uz;L iffisAk; ePl;b cs;Ns
fple;j igadpd; ngaiur; nrhy;yp mioj;jhs;. ePz;l jiythiof; FUj;jpiyapy;
epiwa tpsf;nfz;nziaj; jltp mjpy; gpwe;j Nkdpaha;g; gLf;f itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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gpr;irf;fhhp> jd; rl;biaf; fPNo Nghl;lijAk;> me;jg; ngU neUg;gpy; jd;
capiuj; jpuzkhf epidj;Jg; GFe;jhs;.
muq;F tPl;bd; thrYf;F ntspNa>
jiykapUk; MilAk; ,y;yhky; fhpf;fl;ilaha;f; fUfpg;Nghd ,uz;L gpNujrq;fs;
xd;iw xd;W Mtp Nrh;j;Jf; fl;bg; gpd;dpf;nfhz;L fple;jd.
me;jf; fhl;rp
fz;lth;fis nef;FUf itj;jJ.
mk;ik
tpisahz;bUg;gjhy; ahUk; mof;$lhJ vd;W nrhy;ypj; jLj;J>
her;rpahuk;khitAk; Foe;ijfisAk;> ngUkhs; ehaf;fiuAk; me;j ,lj;jpypUe;J
gphpj;J jdpaplj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L Ngha; tpl;lhh;fs;.
gpNujq;fis clNd jfdk;
gz;z Vw;ghL nra;jhh;fs;. ePskhd xU fk;gpy;> Jzpahy; njhl;by; fl;b me;jj;
njhl;bypy; ,uz;L gpNujq;fisAk; Nghl;L G[q;fspy; fk;igj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L
Nghdhh;fs;.
,we;j fple;j gpNujq;fspy; ,d;ndhd;W ahUilaJ vd;W ntFNeuk;
fopj;Jjhd; vy;NyhUf;Fk; njhpa te;jJ.
fl;il
kz;zhd
tPl;bw;Fs;
fhiyapy; ehr;rpahuk;khs; jd; vhpe;j
EioAKd;>
jd;Dila
tPl;L
thry;Kw;wj;jpy;>
,uz;lhf cile;J fple;j gpr;irf;fhhpapd; mOf;F epiwe;j ‘rl;b”ia vt;tpj
Nehf;Fk; ,y;yhky; mOJnfhz;Nl ifapy; vLj;Jg; ghh;j;jhs;.
kdpjk;
uhka;aq;fhiu ,g;NghJk; epidf;fpNwd;.
me;jp kaq;Fk; Neuk;.
,lJ
Ms;fhl;b tpuiy jd; ngz; gpbj;Jf;nfhs;s> tyJ ifapy; xU mhpf;Nfd;
tpsf;ifg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L> khh;gpy; G+Z}y; mira fk;gPukha; ele;jhh;. mtUila
tuT vq;fSf;F> jhfthDf;Fj; jz;zpiaf; fz;lJ NghypUe;jJ.
ehq;fs;
eLf;fhl;by; mfg;gl;Lf;nfhz;Nlhk;.
vd; kidtpNah cr;re;jiyapypUe;J cs;sq;fhy; tiuf;Fk; eiffsha;g;
G+l;bj;
njhq;ftpl;bUe;jhs;.
biuth;
mtru
mtrukhf
hpg;Ngh;
ghh;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mg;NghJjhd; uhk ma;aq;fhh;> ehd; Kjypy; nrhd;dkhjphp
te;J nfhz;bUe;jhh;.
fl;Lf;FLkp> xU mirg;gpy; ghh;fF
; k;NghJ khW fz;Nzh
vd;W Njhd;Wk; Kl;ilf; fz;fs;. neUf;fkhd mhprpg; gw;fs;. clk;gpd; me;j epwk;
,Uf;fpwNj mij vNjhL xg;gpl; kQ;rsh ntz;ikah> nuj;jr; rptg;gh? vijr;
nrhy;y> clk;gpy; Kfk; ghh;f;fyhk;; mt;tsT gsgsg;G; rpte;j fPwW
;
cjLfs;
Gd;rphpf;f vk;ik Nehf;fp neUq;fp te;jhh;.
Fuy; ,dpikahy; Kjypy; vd;d
nrhd;dhh; vd;W tpsq;ftpy;iy.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘me;j Ntisapy; ,g;gbj; jdpahf ,e;j ,lj;jpy; epw;f Ntz;lhk;; ek;
tPl;bw;Fg; Nghfyhk;; thUq;fs;.....” biutUf;F iyl; Njitahf ,Ue;jJ. mwpe;j
uhka;aq;fhh;
mij
biuthplk;
nfhLj;jhh;.
xj;jf;fil vd;W nrhy;Ythh;fs;.
mtd;
Ntiyapy;
%o;fpdhd;.
fil tpw;fpwJ fhhpak; ,y;iy.
fhy;eilaha;
NghNthh; tUNthh;fSf;F jhfj;Jf;F jz;zPh; nfhLj;J cjTfpNwd;.
mJjhd;
ehd; nra;fpwnjy;yhk;” ehd; mtiug; ghh;j;Njd;. cah;e;j kdpjdhfj; Njhd;wpdhh;.
mrpq;fUf;F moiff; fz;lhy; gpbf;fhJ. ml;ilf; fUg;gp ,ts;. NjdPf;F
fUg;G epwj;ijf; fz;lhy; gpbf;fhJ; ,tSf;F rpfg;G epwj;ijf; fz;lhNy vhpr;ry;!
filthrYf;FKd; Nghl;bUe;j gyifapNyNa cl;fhh;e;J nfhz;Ltpl;lhs; vd;
kidtp. Kfr;Rspg;Gld; thiaf;Ftpj;J cs;Sf;Fike;j fhw;iw ‘c];’ vd;w
rj;jj;Jld;
ntspNaw;wpdhs;.
mtis
vg;gb
cs;Nd
Nghfr;
nrhy;y
vd;W
njhpahky; jpifj;jhh; uhka;aq;fhh;. cs;spUe;J xU tajhd mk;kh te;J ,tis
‘cs;Ns thUq;fs;” vd;whh;.
Kf[ilahy; mJ uhka;aq;fhhpd; jhahh;jhd; vd;W
ed;whfj; njhpee;jJ.
Foe;ijfs; ,UtUk; cs;Ns ,Ue;jhh;fs; ,g;NghJ uhka;aq;fhhpd; kidtp kidtpahfj;jhd;
ngUf;fj;jhYk;
,Uf;fNtz;Lk;;
njhpatpy;iy
-
ee;jpdpapd;
‘khkp!
cs;Ns
eiffisg;gw;wp rk;gh\iz ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ.
Kf[hilahYk;
thUq;fNsd;”
mofpd;
cs;Ns
uhka;aq;fhh; ntj;jpiyr;
nry;yj;ij vd;gf;fk; js;sp> jhd; ntw;wpiy Nghl Muk;gpj;jhh;.
Gifapiyia
ms;spf; Fjg;gpr; rpfuk; itj;jhh;. ghh;j;Jf;Nfhz;Nl ,Ue;j vdf;Fk; NghLNghkh
vd;w Mirahy; nry;yj;jpd; gf;fk; ifia ePl;bNdd;. uhka;aq;fhh; jLj;Jtpl;lhh;.
hpg;Ngh; Kbe;Jtpl;lnjd;W nrhy;yp biuth; $g;gpl te;J tpl;lhs;.
gphpaNtz;ba Neyk; te;Jtpl;lJ. tpil ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Muk;gpj;Njhk;.
gok;> ntw;wpiy Kjypad vd; kidtpf;Ff; nfhLj;jhh;fs;.
nra;Ak; ,e;j khpahij cs;sj;ijf; fth;e;jJ.
ehq;fs;
Fq;Fkk;>
Rkq;fy;aj;jpw;Fr;
mhpajhd ,th;fs; gz;ghl;il
vz;zp tpae;Njd;.
Gwg;gLk;NghJ uhka;aq;fhh; vd; iffisg; gw;wp ‘nrsf;fpakhfg; Ngha;
thUq;fs;.
tUk;NghJ ,e;j Vioapd; Fbirapy; jq;fpg;Nghf NtZk;” vd;whh;.
mtUila iftpuy;fs; my;ypj; jz;LNghy; [py; vd;W ,Ue;jJ.
Gwg;gl;Nlhk;.
cs;sk; Mde;jj;jhy; jj;jspj;jJ.
gazj;jpd;
tzq;fpg;
%d;W ehSk;
vq;fSf;F rjh ,th;fisg;gw;wpa Ngr;Rj;jhd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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gpuahzk; Kbe;j %d;whtJ ehs; jpUk;Gk;NghJ uhka;aq;fhUf;F> gr;irg;
ghf;Fk;
jsph;
ntw;wpiyAk;
goq;fSk; thq;fpf;nfhz;Nlk;.
thq;fpf;
nfhz;Nlhk;;
ee;jpdpf;F
rz;gfg;G+Tk;
faj;jhiw mLj;J tUk;NghJ Nky;fhw;W te;J
tpl;lJ. ,d;Dk; nfhQ;rNeuj;jpy; uhka;aq;fhiug; ghh;j;JtpLNthk; vd;w re;Njh\k;
vdf;F. vq;fs; igad; G+itAk; goq;fisAk; ifapy; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.
mNj rhaq;fhy Neuk;.
vdf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy.
biuth; fhiu epWj;jptpl;L vq;fisg; ghh;j;jhd;.
‘me;jf; filiaf; fhziyNa?” Ntfkhf mbj;j vd;
neQ;rpd; rg;jk; vdf;Nf Nfl;lJ. vq;fs; gf;fj;jpy; epd;wpUe;jJ ehd;F fUfpg;Nghd
kz; Rth;fs;! klhnud;W fhhpd; fjitj; jpwe;J ,wq;fpNdd;.
,iue;jJ tp\;\; vd;W rPl;b mbj;jJ.
fhw;W Xntd;W
rpy rkak; nff;fyp nfhl;b eifj;jJ.
fhw;wpd; vjph;g;Gwk; rha;e;J ele;J Kd;NdwpNdd;.
,J uhka;aq;fhh; trpj;j
tPLjhd;. vd;Kfj;jpy; rhk;gy; tPrp mbj;jJ> cs;sk; tprpj;jJ> fhhpd; gf;fk; te;J
Nrh;e;J epd;Nwd;.
J}uj;jpy; Ml;L ,ilah;fs; ghLk; Fuy; Nfl;lJ.
iffisf; Ftpj;J
thaUNf itj;J ehDk; biutUk; rj;jk; nfhLj;J mth;fisf; $g;gpl;Nlhk;.
,uz;L igad;fs; Xbte;jhh;fs;. ‘ghtpg;gay;; vtNdh uhka;aq;fhh;> filf;Fj; jP
itj;Jtpl;lhd;.”
‘vJf;fhf tr;rhNdh; mtd; tpsq;fkhl;ld;..... ghtk;> mth;fs; fl;bd Ntl;b
JzpfNshljhd; ntspNa tuKbQ;rJ. me;j tarhd Mr;rpak;kh tPl;Lf;Fs;suNa
kaf;fk;Nghl;L tpOe;jpUr;rhk;.
me;j ma;aUjhd; me;j mk;khitAk; Njhspy;
J}f;fpg; Nghl;Lfpl;L ntspNa te;jhuhk;. caph; gpior;rNj nghpa fhhpak;”. epw;fNt
Kbatpyh;iy.
fhhpDs; te;J cl;fhh;e;Njd;.
ehq;fs; Ngrpf;nfhz;ljpd; mh;j;jk;
xd;WNk vq;fs; igaDf;F tpsq;ftpy;iy vd;gJ mtDila gPjp epiwe;j Kfk;
fhl;baJ. mtd; jd; jhapd; Ke;jhidia gykhfg; gw;wpf;nfhz;bUe;jhd; mtd;
fhybapy; goq;fSk; G+f;fSk; rpjwpf; fple;jd. biuth; fhhpd; fjTfis miwe;J
rhj;jpdhd;.
ehd; vd; kidtpiaf; ftdpj;Njd;.
me;jf; fWg;G Kfj;jpypUe;J
xd;iwAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
[lhA
jhj;ija ehaf;fiu> fpuhkj;J [dq;fs;
nrhy;Ythh;fs;.
,Ug;ghh;.
‘mg;G uhzp ehaf;fh;’ vd;W
mth; xU tptrhap> jhd; cz;l jd;ghL cz;L vd;Wjhd;
tptrhaj;jpy; mt;tsT ‘fUf;fil’.
vjpNyAk; xU xOq;F> Kfj;jpy;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Nfhgk; te;J xUtUk; ghh;j;jjpy;iy. rjh rphpj;j KfKk; rPNjtpAkhf ,Ug;ghh;.
mWgJtaJ fpoth; vd;W ahuhYk; nrhy;yKbahJ.
ahidapd; Jjpf;ifiag;
Nghd;w gUj;j ePz;l iffs;; M[hDghFthd cly;> eiuj;j jiy> mbf;fb
ntw;wpiy Nghl;Lj; Jg;Gtjhy; fhyp Vwpa eiuj;j fpUjh kPir> vt;tsT njiyg;
gpuahzkhdhYk; ele;Njjhd; nry;Ythh;.
,e;j Ntf;fhl;bYk; ,e;j [dq;fs; vg;gbj;jhd; tPl;il milj;J cs;Ns
Klq;fpf;nfhs;Sfpwhh;fNsh; xNu Mr;rhpak; eha;f;fUf;F.
nfhz;lhh;.
jdf;Fs; rphpj;Jf;
ntFNeuk; Guz;L nfhz;bUe;j ehaf;fh; mg;nghOJjhd; nfhQ;rk;
fz; mah;e;jpUg;ghh;.
vq;fpUe;Njh xU ngz;zpd; mgaf;Fuy; Nfl;Lj; jpLf;fpl;L
tpopj;jhh;. jpz;izapy; cl;fhh;e;jpUe;j ehaf;fh; FgPnud;W gha;e;J njUtpy; Fjpj;J
epd;whh;.
,tUila MNtrkhd Fuy; Nfl;L me;j tPl;Lf;fhuh; vOe;J [d;dy; gf;fk;
te;jhh;; Mdhy; fjitj; jpwf;ftpy;iy. CUf;Fs;Ns E}W elf;Fk;. vtd; vg;gbg;
Nghdhy; ekf;nfd;d? ek;kghL cz;L> ehk cz;L vd;W ,Uf;fZk;.
vJf;F
tpUjh tha;g;Nghl;L J}f;fj;ijf; nfLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwPh;? Ngrhky; te;J gLk;.”
ehaf;fUf;F
,sk;ngz;
,J
rhpnad;W
jiytphp
Njhd;wtpy;iy.
Nfhykhf
mr;rkak;
Xbte;jhs;.
mtiug;ghh;j;J
mtUila
Xh;
fhy;fisf;
fl;bf;nfhz;lhs;.
mtisj; njhlh;e;J ehd;FNgh;fs; Ntfkhf te;jhh;fs;.
‘Iah ePq;f Rk;kh
,Uq;f.
,J GU\d; kidtp rz;il; ePq;f xd;Wk; ,jpy; jiyaplNtz;lhk;”
Mdhy;
ehaf;fh;
mtisr;
rkhjhdg;gLj;jp
Foe;ijiaj;
J}f;FtJ
Nghy;
J}f;fpdhh;. me;jg; ngz; ele;jij mg;gbNa nrhd;dhs;. Nfhtpy;gl;bf;F tlf;Nf
ehYfy; njhiyTs;s Xh; Chpy; Nghk;khsf; fl;bf;nfhLj;jpUe;jJ.
md;W khiy mtSf;Fk; GU\Df;Fk; rz;il xU ehSk; mbf;fhjtd;
md;W mtisg; gpbj;J ed;whf nkhj;jp tpl;lhd;. Nfhgpj;Jf;nfhz;L Nghyk;khs;
Nfhtpy;gl;bf;Fj; njw;Nf cs;s jha; tPl;Lf;Fg; Gwg;gl;L te;jhs;.
,Ul;;btpl;lJ.
jdf;Fj; njhpe;j J}uge;J xUthpd; tPl;by; ,uT jq;fyhk; vd;W
epidj;J ele;jhs;.
,y;iy.
,d;W te;jJk;
Mdhy; mth;fs; tPL khwptpl;ljhy;> Kd;G ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy;
mth;fisg;gw;wp
tprhhpj;Jf;nfhz;L
miyAk;NghJ
jhd;
,e;j
kdpjhg;fis mts; re;jpf;f Neh;e;jJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘me;j
gf;fj;jpy;jhd;
tPL
jq;fSf;F
FbapUf;fpNwhk;
njhpAk;
vd;Wk;
vd;Wk;>
jhq;fSk;
,g;nghOJ
me;j
mq;Nf
tPl;Lf;Fg;
jhd;
Ngha;f;
nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk; vd;Wk; ,th;fs; nrhd;dhh;fs;. Nghyk;khs; mij ek;gptpl;lhs;.
mts; tPl;by; Nfhgpj;Jf;nfhz;L te;j tptuq;fisAk;> mtSila ngaiuAk;$l
mth;fs; nkJthff;
Nfl;Lj; njhpe;Jf;
nfhz;lhh;fs;.
‘rPff
; puk;
NeukhfpwNj” vd;W Jbj;Jf;nfhz;L elf;f Muk;gpj;jhs;.
xJf;Fg;GwkhfNt mtis mioj;Jf; nfhz;L te;jhh;fs;.
NghfZk;
mth;fs; CUf;F
tUk;NghNj mtsplk;
NfypNgrpf; nfhz;Lk;> ieahz;b thh;j;ijfshbf; nfhz;Lk; te;jhh;fs;.
xUtd; mts; KJifj; jltp ghtpg;gay;> ,g;gb tPq;Fk;gb mbj;jpUf;fpwhNd
vd;whd;.
Nghyk;khs; tpopj;Jf;nfhz;lhs;.
Nghl;L Ciuf; $l;b tpLNtd;.
‘vd;idj; njhl;ilahdhy;> rj;jk;
cdf;Fr; rhpahd khpahij fpilf;Fk;” vd;W
rPwpdhs;. Neuk; Mf Mf me;jg;gFjpapy; Ms; elkhl;lk; Fiwe;J nfhz;Nl te;jJ.
mth;fs; ,g;nghOJ ijhpakhf Nghyk;khspd; ifiag; gpbj;J ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
nrd;whh;fs;.
mts; fjwhj nrhw;fs; ,y;iy; itahj trT ,y;iy.
nja;tKk; ,y;iy.
Ntz;lhj
mtSf;F mgakspf;fNth> mts; fz;zPiuj; Jilf;fNth
ahUk; ,y;iy.
jhj;ija ehaf;fh; ,e;j tptuk; Nfl;L cs;sk; nfhjpj;jhh;.
fz;fisj; JUj;j mth;fisg; ghh;j;jhh;>
Mdhy; me;jr; RUl;ilj; jiyad;
ehaf;fhpd; Kd;G gt;akhf te;J tzq;fp epd;whd;.
‘Iah! ehd; nrhy;fpwijAk;
jaTnra;J Nfl;fNtZk;> ePq;fs; vd;Dila jfg;gd; khjphp.
nrhe;j khkd; kfs;.
Nfhgk;
,ts; vd;Dila
,ts; vdf;F thof;ifg;gl;L mQ;rp tU\khfpwJ.
mQ;rptU\Kk; ,tNshL ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lk;jhd;.
,e;j
gfnyy;yhk; vYk;GKwpa Ntiy
nra;Jtpl;L uhj;jphp tPl;Lf;F te;jhy;> tPl;by; ,Uf;fkhl;lhs;. tpbaj;jhd; tPl;Lf;F
tUths;.
,tis ehd; uhj;jphpnay;yhk; Njbf;nfhz;L miyaNtz;Lk;.
GU\d; vj;jid ehisf;Fj;jhd; ,ijr; rfpj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Ug;ghd;?”
fl;ba
,e;jr;
rkaj;jpy; fjitj; jpwe;Jnfhz;L ehaf;fh; jq;fpapUe;j tPl;Lf;fhur; Re;juk;
nrl;bah; ntspNa te;jhh;.
gf;fj;J tPl;Lf; fhuh;fSk; te;jhh;fs;.
J}uj;jpy;
epd;wpUe;j RUl;ilj; jiyadpd; Ml;fspy; xUtd; ,th;fis Nehf;fp te;jhd;.
mtd; %Q;rpapy; fhwp ‘J}’ vd;W Jg;gpdhs;> Nghyk;khs; jhj;ija ehaf;fhpd;
ifapy; ,Ue;j fw;fs; jhkhfNt eOtpj; jiuia te;J mile;jd; Nrhh;e;J Ngha;
jpz;izapy;
cl;fhh;e;J
tpl;lhh;.
Nfhopf;FQ;irg;
gUe;J
J}f;fpf;nfhz;L
NghtJNghy; mtisj; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L Nghdhh;fs;. me;jj; njUtpy; kionga;J
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Xa;e;jJ NghypUe;jJ. vy;NyhUk; tPl;bDs; nrd;W rpwpJ Neuk; fopj;J kPz;Lk;
me;jg; ngz;zpd; mtyf; Fuy; Nfl;lJ. ngz;iz mth;fs; vd;d nra;fpwhh;fs;
vd;W Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zp ele;jhh;.
Fuy; te;j jpf;if itj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; mth;fs; CUf;Fs; Nghtjhfj;
njhpatpy;iy. jhj;ija ehaf;fh; Fdpe;J ,uz;L nghpa fw;fis vLj;jhh;. ,lJ
fhiyg; gphpj;J xU vl;L Kd;itj;J tyJ ifiag; gpd;thq;fp fy;iy tpl;lhh;
ehaf;fh;. nrj;Njd; vd;W xUtd; fPNo tpOe;jhd;.
ghyj;jpypUe;J vkjh;kidg;Nghy; RUl;ilj; jiyad; ntspNa te;jhd; mtd;
Nghyk;khisg; gykhfg; gw;wp ,Ue;jhd;. Nghyk;khs; Milapd;wp gpwe;jNkdpiaahf;
fhl;rp mspj;jhs;. thapDs; jpzpj;jpUe;j Jzpapd; xU gFjp ntspNa njhq;fpf;
nfhz;bUe;jJ.
ehaf;fh; RUl;ilj; jiyapd;kPJ MNtrj;Jld; gha;e;jhh;.
Xq;fp
mtd; fd;dj;jpy; Xh; miw nfhLj;J vl;b cijj;jhh;. mtw;iw mtdhy; [Puzpf;f
Kbatpy;iy. ky;yhe;J tpOe;J fz;fis %bj;jpwe;jhd;. Nghyk;khspd; tha;j;Jzp
mfd;wJ.
‘mk;kh Ngha;tpL ,q;fpUe;J” vd;W rg;jk; nfhLj;jhh;. ‘Ngh> clNd; XL”
fj;jpdhh;.
Nghyk;khs; gpd;thq;fp Xbdhs;.
mhpths;fhud; gpd;dhy; jpUk;gpg;
ghh;j;jhd;. ehaf;fh; ‘rlf;’nfd;W mtidf; Fg;Gwj; js;sp mtDila ifia xU
ifahYk; jiyia xU ifahYk;> gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L ,Lg;gpy; xU fhiy kpjpj;J
Kwpj;jhh;. mhpths; fpNo tpOe;jJ. cah;e;J epd;w jhj;ija ehaf;fhpd; tyJif
Jz;lhf miuapy;Ngha; nrhj; vd;W tpOe;jJ.
fPNo tpOtJk; vOe;J gha;e;J
Kl;ltUtJkhf ,Ue;jhh; ehaf;fh;.
cdf;F ehd; cjtKbahky; Ngha;tpl;lNj> ,th;fisf; nfhz;W cd;id
kPl;f ty;yik ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lNj?........ flTNs> eP ,Uf;fpwhah? vd;W tpk;kp>
me;j rus; jiuapy; Kfj;ijg; gy jilt gykhf Nkhjpf;nfhz;lhh; jhj;ija
ehaf;fh;.
Nghyk;khspd;> jiykapiug; gpbj;J ,Oj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Kd;dhy;
nrd;whd; xUtd;.
Nghyk;khspd; muw;wy; rpwpJ Neuk; tiu Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Nl
,Ue;jJ; mg;Gwk; mJTk; ,y;iy xNu mikjp.
jhj;ija ehaf;fh; mjpNtfkhfr; nrj;Jf;nfhz;Nl te;jhh;.
mtUf;Fg;
gpuf;iQ ,Ue;jNghJ Kjypy; Qhgfk; te;jJ mtUila tPl;bd; muq;F tPl;bw;Fs;
njw;F %iyapy; rhj;jp itf;fg;gl;bUe;j fdkhd Nty;fk;Gjhd;. mijaLj;J
jd;Dila xNu kfshd ntq;flk;khspd; rphpj;j Kfk; epidTf;F
te;jJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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jd;Dila Ngud; rPdpthrdpd; ghy;tbAk; KfKk; Qhgfj;Jf;F te;jJ.
ehaf;fh;
Guz;L nfhLj;jhh; jd; rf;jpia vy;yhk; xUkpj;Jf; $l;b ‘Re;juQ; nrl;bah;>
Re;juQ; nrl;bahh;” vd;W rg;jkpl;L mioj;jhh;. mtUila FuYf;F gjpYiug;ghh;
mq;F ahUkpy;iy.
fPo;thdk; nts;nsd;W ntSj;jJ.
tPrpf;nfhz;bUe;jJ.
fhw;W mikjpahfTk;> RfkhfTk;
vq;fpUe;Njh xU fhfk; gwe;Jte;J mUfpYs;s nkhl;il
kuj;jpy; cl;fhh;e;J jd; jiyiar; rha;j;J jhj;ija ehaf;fhpd; gpNujj;ijg;
ghh;j;jJ. ehaf;fhpd; jiykPJ tl;lkpl;L> ‘fhh;h; fhh;h.; .... fhh;h;...’ vd;W %d;W jilt
fj;jpaJ.
jiuapy; japh;fF
; lj;Jld; mt;topNa ,uz;L ,ilah; Fyg; ngz;fs;
te;jhh;fs;.
iffs; Jz;lhlg;gl;L ,uj;j nts;sj;jpy; %o;fpf;fple;j cUtj;ijf;
fz;L jpLf;fpl;Lf; $f;Fuypl;lhh;fs;. jhj;ija ehaf;fhpd; rlyj;ijr; Rw;wp ,Ue;j
$l;lj;jpy;
jiyapy;
japh;fF
; lj;Jld;
,Ue;j
xU
tNahjpf
Ke;jhidahy; fz;fisj; Jilj;Jf;nfhz;L Gwg;gl;lhd;.
md;id
jd;
‘ghtk; ahh; ngw;w
gps;isNah.... ve;jg; ghtp nra;j NtiyNah?....” vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl ele;jhs;.
gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;
fl;Liu tpdh
1. GJikg;gpj;jdpd; fijf;fUtpd; tiffis tpsf;Ff.
2. GJikg;gpj;jdpd; fijfspy; ieahz;b (mq;fjk;) miktij tpsf;Ff.
3. gpd;tUk; fijapd; rpwg;G ahit?
1. nghd;dfuk;
2. fhQ;rid
3. flTSk; fe;jrhkpg; gps;isAk;
4. rhgtpNkhrdk;
5. rpw;gpapd; efuk;.
4. fjT fij RUf;fj;jpid vOJf.
5. gyhg;gok; fijapd; fij tsh;r;rpapid njhFj;Jiuf;f.
6. fp.uh[ehuhazdpd; rpWfij njhFg;gpy; ,lk; ngWk; ngz; fjh khe;jh;fspd;
tsh;r;rp epiyapid vLj;Jiuf;f.
7. fp.uh[ehuhazdpd; fjT rpWfij njhFg;gpy; ,lk; ngWk; r%f epiyfis
tpthpf;f.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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myF - 4
ehlfk;:
fiyapd; mUik ngUikfis ed;Fzh;e;j ek; Kd;Ndhh; fhyj;jhy;
Kjph;e;j jkJ NjkJ}uj; jkpio ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vdg; ghFghL nra;J ‘Kj;jkpo;”
vdg; Nghw;wpg; ghuhl;bdh;.
‘tha;fF
; xU jkpo; - ,ay; jkpo;> fhJf;F xU jkpo;
,irj;jkpo;. fz;Zf;F xU jkpo; - ehlfj;jkpo;” vd mth;fs; nfhz;ldh; vd;ghh;
Kj;jkpo;f; fhtyh; jpU.fp.M.ng.tpRtehjk;.
ehL + mfk; = ehlfk;.
mfj;ij
ehLjy; ehflkhFk;. ‘ehlf tof;fpDk; cyfpay; tof;fpDk; ghly; rhd;w Gyndwp
tof;fk;” vdj; njhy;fhg;gpah; ehlfk; gw;wp Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.
ehlff; fiy:
ehlfk; gbj;Jr; Ritf;Fk; ,yf;fpakhf kl;Lk; ,y;yhky; ghh;j;J kfpOk;
fiyahfTk; cs;sJ.
gilg;ghsp> ebg;Nghh;> ,af;FNthh; midtUk; xd;whfr;
Nrh;e;J gilf;Fk; $l;L Kaw;rpaha; mJ jpfo;fpwJ.
‘Kjph;e;J
gf;Ftg;gl;l
xU
fUg;nghUisf;
nfhz;ljha;>
gilj;Jf;
fhl;lg;gLk; epfo;rr
; pfSf;F Vw;g $ba Kbit cilajha; mike;J Jd;gpay;>
,d;gpayhf ebj;Jf; fhl;Lk; nghUl;L vOjg;gLtJ ehlfk;” vd;W mwpQh; kpy;yh;
$Wfpwhh;.
fz;Zf;Fk;
nrtpf;Fk; tpUe;jha; mikAk; fiy ehlfk; MFk;.
kdij vspjhfj; jpUg;gty;yJ.
kf;fs;
ePjp Nghjidiaj; jd; gz;ghff; nfhz;lJ.
vdNt> ehlfk; vd;gJ kf;fSf;F kfpo;rr
; p jUk; xU fiy.
ehlfk; - xU fhyf; fiy:
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tho;tpd; $Wfis> mjd; tpsf;fj;ij> cz;ikfis tpsf;f tpUk;Gk; Mrphpah;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
170
ehlfj;jpd;
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
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ehlfkhfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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tp.Nfh.R+hpaehuhaz rh];jphpahhpd; ‘ehlftpay;” xU rpwe;j ehlf ,yf;fz
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Nghfpwhh;fs; mjw;fhd cilfs; jhd; ghh;rypy; ijf;fg;gl;L te;Js;sJ vd;fpwhd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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clNd> rurhit mioj;J tUk;gb mkph;jj;jplk; $Wfpwhh; Kjypahh;. Ntiyf;fhhp
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gioa ez;gd; kzpiar; re;jpj;J ciuahLfpwhd; Mde;jd;. ‘ehd; gbj;jJ..... ,e;j
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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gue;j cyfj;jpNy> thq;fpd bfphp> NghyP]; Nfb” vd;W kzp jd;id gw;wp
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$Wfpwhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ngz;fspd; tpLjiyf;fhf ehd; vg;nghOJk; ghLgLNtd;. ehk; vy;NyhUk;
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jiy fPNo cUs Ntz;Lk;.
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Ntz;Lk;.” vd;W rhJhpakhf Mde;jdplk; kzp NgRfpwhd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘kzp eP nrhy;tJ mt;tsTk; cz;ik. Ntjhryj;ijg; gop jPhg
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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te;J Nrh;fpwhd;.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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kiwKfkhf $Wfpwhh;. kzpAk; ,th;fs; ,Uthpd; jpUkzj;ij elj;jp tpLNthk;
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,g;gbr; rpj;jputij nra;a Ntz;Lk;? fy;ahzk; nra;Jnfhz;L ehd; fz;l gyd;
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Kbahjtdhfp> rhe;jp Ntz;b xU M];ukj;jpy; NrUfpwhd;.
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gukhde;jd; Mde;jdhf khwp cz;ikiaf; $Wjy;:
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midj;ijAk;
xd;Wtplhky; Re;juk; gps;is gpzkhf kuj;jpy; njhq;fpaJ cl;gl vy;yhtw;iwAk;
$Wfpwhd;. rurh! %h;j;jp! ePq;fs; ,UtUk; ,g;NghJ $Wq;fs; cq;fs; je;ijia
ehd; nfhLikg;gLj;jpaJ Fw;wkh? Ntjhry KjypahNu! ePh; nrhy;Yk;> ehd;
nfhLikg;gLj;jpaJ Fw;wkh?” vd;W Mde;jd; Nfl;fpwhd;.
Ntjhry Kjyp;ahh; kdk; jpUk;Gjy;:
‘Mde;jh! NghJk;> NghJk; vdf;F ,e;jj; jz;lid> vd;id kd;dpj;J tpL.
vd;dhy; cd;idg; Nghy; vj;jid Ngh; f\;lg;gl;lhh;fsh? vdf;Fj; njhpahJ ghOk;
gzj;jhirapdhy;> gzj;jpkphpdhy; ehd; gy Viofisf; nfhLikg;gLj;jp te;Njd;.
cz;ikjhd;! Mdhy; cd;id ,Jtiu nghpa J\;ld; vd;Nw vz;zpapUe;Njd;.
cz;ik ,g;NghJ jhd; njhpfpwJ. eP vt;tsG ey;ygps;is vd;Wk; vdf;F GhpfpwJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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gzj;jhirahy; gy nfhLikfs; Ghpe;j Ntjhryk; khz;Nl Nghdhd;.
ehd; Gj;jp
te;j Ntjhryk; jtiw czh;e;J nfhz;ltd;.” vd;W Ntjhry Kjypahh; $Wfpwhh;.
‘Ntjhry KjypahNu! kw;nwhd;Wk; ePh; czu Ntz;Lk;. gzj;jpkph; kl;Lky;y
ckf;F! [hjpj;jpkpUk; mNkhfk;. Mdhy; ele;jnjd;d? gQ;ir Re;juk;gps;isapd;
kfd; Mde;jd;. Ntjhry Kjypahhpd; kUkfd;. mJkl;Lkh! ,Njh tPww
; pUf;Fk;
kzkfs; Ngq;fh; gh;kh ghY Kjypahhpd; kfs; vd;gJ ckJ vz;zk; my;yth?
,Njh ghUq;fs; mtsJ ngw;Nwhiu!”
vd;W jpiuiaj; js;spf; fhz;gpf;fpwhd;
Mde;jd;. ‘vd; mkph;jkh Rfph;jk;?” vd;W Mr;rhpag;gLfpwhd; %h;j;jp.
‘Mk; ckJ kUkfs; ahh;? Ntiyf;fhhp mkph;jk;. Ntw;W [hjpg; ngz; vq;Nf
ck; [hjpj; jpkph;? gzk; gj;J ehspy; [hjpiag; gl;rzkhf;fptpl;lJ.
gzj;jpkph; xope;jJ.
[hjpj; jpkpUk; xope;jJ.
ghh;j;jPuh?
vd; NtiyAk; Kbe;jJ.
ehd;
tUfpNwd;” vd;W $wpathW Mde;jd; Gwg;gLfpwhd;.
‘gzj;jpkpUk;> [hjpj;jpkpUk; xopa Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;> ‘xd;Nw Fyk;; xUtNd
nja;tk;” vd;gjid
$WtJld;
mwpQh;
ehl;L kf;fSf;F
mz;zh
ciug;Nghk;” vd;W NtjhryKjypahh;
‘Ntiyf;fhhp”
vd;w
ehlfj;jpid
epiwT
nra;Js;shh;.
Mjpiu
Mrphpah; - rpw;gp
ehlfj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; fjhghj;jpuq;fs;:
1. jpUtpf;fpuk Nrhoh; - ,ul;l Fy kd;dh;
2. rpk;kee;jp Mr;rhhpah; - rkzj; Jwtp
3. eurpk;kgl;lh; - irtg; nghpahh;
4. rpj;jpuNkopahh; - kUJ}h;j; jiyth;> murhpd; MNyhrfh;
5. khjtd;> jhbfd; - fq;f ,sturh;fs;
6. G+e;Jiwahh; - mikr;rh;
7. jpUePyd; - rpk;kee;jpahhpd; xw;wd;
8. Fkud; - jpUtpf;fpukhpd; nka;f;fhg;ghsd;
9. Mjpiu - jpUtp;ff
; pukh; kidtp
10. mUfh;kzp - jpUtpf;fpukh; md;id
11. rq;fkpj;jpiu - fq;f ,sturp
12. rpyk;Gr; nry;tp
13. kyh; ty;yp
14. gtseq;if
Mjpiuapd; Njhopah;
kw;Wk; mYtyh;> giltPuh; KjypNahh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fijr; RUf;fk;:
‘vUik ehL” vd miof;fg; ngw;w ikR+Uf;F mUfpy; cs;s rkzh;
nts;isf;Fsk;
(rputz
ngy;Nfhyh)
mq;Fs;s
gok;ngUk;
rkzg;gs;spapy;
topghl;Lg; ghly; xyp vOfpwJ.
‘nghd;dhh; G+k;gpz;b
nghopepOw;fPo; mkh;e;jhahy;!
kd;Dk; cyfidj;Jk;
kfpo;e;Njj;Jk; Ngnuhspaha;!
gpd;Dk; tpidg;gifiag;
ngUkdj;jhy; ntd;whahy;!
cd;NdhL R+o;e;jpyq;Fk;
xsptl;lk; G+z;lhahy;!
Kj;Jk; kzpAk; Nrh;
Kf;Filf;fo
P ; ciwthahy;!
vj;jpirAk; tzq;Ffpd;w
,e;jpuw;Fk; ,e;jpuNd!
tpj;jhfp Kisf;fpd;w
tpidfSf;F neUg;ghtha;!
rpj;jpu ey; ywthop
rPhn
; gwNt Row;Wtha;
khkyh; mNrhfj;jpd;
kzpepow;fPo; ,Ue;jhahy;!
G+kpir ele;NjFk;
nghd;dhh;e;j jpUtbaha;!
NjkJuk; nrwpAk;
jpU ehkk; Nghw;wpNa
jhkiu tbNtj;Jk;
jtnkq;fs; jtkNj!”
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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vd;w
ghly;
Kbe;jJk;
jdpaiwapy;
rhe;jp
KdptUk;
rpk;kee;jpahUk;
ciuahLfpd;wdh;. rhe;jp Kdpth; Nfl;fpd;whh;. mjw;F rpk;kee;jpahh;>
‘KJik cwf;fj;Jf; nfjphp ad;Nwh?
fjputd; KJikapy; fizapUs; R+o;jy;
fz;lJk; ,iyNah?
vd;W gjpyspf;fpwhh;. tz;Lfs; Njd; mUe;jp Japy;ifapy; ghLtjpy;iy. cwf;fk;
cq;fs; tpopfSf;F Vwpdhy; vd;d nra;thP f
; s;.
vd;w rhe;jp Kdpth; $w>
rpk;kee;jpahUk; ‘Vwpdhy; vd;d?” vd;W Nfl;fpwhh;.
,Utpopia
rw;Nw
MWjyhf
mah;e;J
%bdhy;
ke;jpuk;Nghy
tha;KZKZj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk; vt;thnwdpy;......
‘vd;jpU ehNl! vd;jpU ehNl!
vd;dh FitNah vd;jpU ehNl!”
vd;Dk; nrhw;fNs ,lwp xypf;Fk; vd rhe;jp Kdpth; $Wfpwhh;.
vd; cs;sj;jpd; mbapy; ghJfhg;NghL gJq;fpa cz;ikia ehd; $WfpNwd;
vd;W rpk;kee;jpahh; $Wfpwhh;.
NkYk;> gpQ;R taJ KjyhfNt vd; kdf;fplq;fpy; %d;W flik czh;Tfs;
Rod;W tUfpd;wd. mit>
‘vidg;ngw; nwLj;j ,dpa nfhq;Fkz;
ghNyhL cz;l goe;jkpo;j; jpUnkhop
fhypy; efq;fs; Kisj;jehs; Kjyha;
caphpd; cwtha; xd;wpa rkzk;”
,ad;w tiuf;Fk; ,it jioj;J Xq;f ciog;gNj vd; tho;tpd; Xq;fpa Fwpf;Nfhs;
vd;W rpk;kee;jpahh; $Wfpd;whh;.
tsh; jkpopd; caph;:
JwT Nkw;nfhz;l gpd;dh; nkhopAk;> ehLk; Kjyhf cs;stw;wpd; Nky; gw;W
itg;gJ KiwNah? vd;W rhe;jp Kdpth; Nfl;fpwhh;.
‘jdf;nfd Kayhg; gpwh;f;nfd tho;eh;
,dj;jhy; ,aq;Fk; ,t;Tyfk; vd;W
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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rq;fr; rhd;Nwhh; rhw;wpdhh; md;Nwh?
,q;Fs kf;fl;F ,dpaJ vJNth
mJntyhk; vkf;Fk; mKjNk md;Nwh?
vjidAk; Jwf;Fk; ,jack; mwpit
Cl;ba jha;nkhop cah;it kwf;FNkh?
ghl;Lk; ciuAk; gapd;wijj; Jwf;FNkh?
chpj;jho; fufKk; xspkapw; gPypAk;
jhpj;j jd;wp Nt nwjidAk; jhpNad;
ehnlyhk; Rw;wp ele;j fhiyAk;
ehlff; fhg;gpak; ey;fpa rkz;Kdp
,sq;Nfh rpyk;gpd; Vl;Lr; Rtbfs;
tpsq;Fk; nghjpapid tpl;lNj ,y;iy!
tQ;rp ,sty; tbj;j fhg;gpaf;
nfhQ;R jkpo;nfidf; nfhs;is nfhLj;Njd;
kiyAk; fhLk; kapyhL NrhiyAk;
FyhTk; ,dpa nfhq;fpdpy; gpwe;Njd;
ghiyg; nghopAk; mUtpfs;; mtw;iwg;
Nghyg; nghopAk; gRf;fs;; Njhl;lk;
Juntyhk; thiof; fd;Wfs;;; gRk;Gy;
jiunayhk; Js;Sk; Gs;spkhd; fd;Wfs;!
nfhk;gpdpy; jhTk; Fuq;Ff; Fl;bNghy;
jk; fpisg; goq;fs; Rke;j gyhf;fs;!
vl;bg; ghh;f;Fk; Foe;ij Kfk;Nghy;
nel;il kiyNky; njhpAk; epyhf;fs;
kapYf;Fg; Ngfd; Nghh;j;jgl; Lg;Nghy;
eaKw tphpj;j gioNk fq;fs;
Fkzd; Gyth;f;Ff; nfhLj;j fhRfs; Nghy;
mikTwg; nghopAk; Ig;grp milkio
ciwfspy; gJq;Fk; $h;ths; Nghd;W
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,iuAzg; gJq;Fk; Gypfspd; tdq;fs;
ngUkiy eLNt gpQ;R kiyfsha;j;
jphpAk; ahidfs;; Njf;F kuq;fs;Nghy;
cioj;Juk; Vwpa clYk; md;gpy;
jioj;jo Nfwpa jkpOk; nfhz;Nl
,dpa kf;fs; - ,itnay;yhk; epuk;gpa
jdpg;ngUk; ehnld; jhaleh ld;NNwh?
kz;zpy; gpwe;J kz;zhy; tho;e;J
kz;zpy; kiwNthk; kz;kwg; NghNkh?”
vd;W jd; kdjpy; cs;sij rpk;kee;jpahh; $Wfpwhh;.
vd; cs;sj;jpy; cwq;fpa
cah;Tfs; Js;sp vOk;gbj; J}z;btpl;Bh; KdptNu! ,Ug;gpDk; ek; mUikr; rkzk;
,j;juzpapy; cah;fjpia mila ehd; xU nghd; Vzpaha; ,aq;fTk;> tsh;jkpOf;F
capuhfTk; ciog;gjpy; ehndhU njhz;ld;.
tpraf; fe;jGuk;:
nfhq;fpy; ,ul;lh; Ml;rpapy; R+hpaepiy tpsf;fhf th;j;jkhdh; jk; tsh;newp
Xq;fp fUj;njy;yhk; fufk; Mbw;W. mq;F khkd;ddhf Ml;rp nra;jJ vd; (fd;du
Njtd;) rJh;g;Ga fd;du Njtd;. mjhtJ vd; mUikahd ez;gd; vd cUf;fkhf
rpk;ke;jpahh; NkYk; njhlh;e;J Mdhy; me;j kd;dd; ,d;W capUld; ,y;iy.
mjdhy; jhd; rkz; khzpf;fk; rhf;flypy; tPo;e;jJ vdTk;> jw;NghJ me;ehl;bd;
epytuk;
gw;wp
vd;
njhz;ld;
$Wtij
Nfl;gjw;fhf
‘fz;lJk;
Nfl;lJk;
tz;LNghy; NjLthh; ed;L Ngh;y gw;Wthh; fhw;wpDk; tpiutha;f; fLkj;fpLk;
nra;jpf;fhf New;W Kjyha;f; fhj;Jf; fplf;fpNwd;.
Mdhy; mtd; ,d;Dk;
tutpy;iy” vd;W $wp tUj;jg;gLk; Ntisapy;> fiykhd; gha;r;rypy; ntz;zpwg;
Gutp (Fjpiu)apy; xUtd; tUtijf; fz;l ,UtUk; Mh;tj;NjhL mtid neUq;fp
jdp
miwf;F
mioj;Jr;
nrd;W
nra;jpiaf;
Nfl;f>
‘,d;W
,g;nghOJ
vk;jiyefhpy; (tpraf; fe;jGuk;) fd;duh; Gjy;td; fz;kzp tpf;fpukh; kd;dtuhd
gpd; kfpo;Tld; $l;Lk; muritf;F vOk;ehs;!” vd;W xw;wdhf cs;s jpUePyd;
$Wfpd;whd;. ,jid Nfl;l rpk;kee;jpahh; kpfTk; kfpo;rr
; p milfpwhh;.
nfhq;F ehl;by; tpraf; fe;jGu muz;kidapy; murh; jpUtpf;fpuk Njth;
gl;lk; R+bag pd; Kjd; Kjyhff; murit $LfpwJ.
muriuf; fhZk; nghUl;L
Mtypy; ngUe;jpushff; $bAs;sdh; nghJkf;fs;. xU KjpatUk;> mtuJ NguDk;
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$l;lj;jpy; xU Gwk; neUq;fp te;J epd;W nfhz;L ciuahLfpd;wdh;. jd; MAspy;
ghAk; flnydg; gutrk; nfhz;L Njd; cz;l tz;lha;j; jpisf;Fk; kf;fis
,Jtiu ehd; ghh;j;jNj ,y;iy vd;W jd; Ngudplk; $Wfpd;whh;.
nghopy; tha;r;rp efh;g; nghd;dd; vd;w ngahpid cilas me;j Kjpath;
,jw;F
Kd;G
kd;dh;
fd;du
Njthpd;
nka;ff
; hg;ghshuhfj;
jpfo;e;jth;.
mk;kkd;dhpd; Nghhf;fs ntw;wpf; fhl;rpia kdjpy; vz;zpagbNa> kd;dh! ePh;
jw;NghJ ,t;Tyfpy; ,y;yhky; NghdhYk; ck; jpUkfd; jpUtpf;fuk Njthpd;
nka;f;fhg;ghsdhf gzpapy; mkh;j;JtjhfNt ehd; ,q;F te;Js;Nsd; vd;W kdjpy;
$wpagbNa> NgudplKk; $Wfpwhh;.
je;ijiag; gphpe;j Jahpy; ,Ug;gjhy; ntw;wp tpohit jpUtpf;fpukh; kWf;fNt
nra;jhh;.
KbR+l;Lk; tpohTk; Kof;fq;fs; ,d;wpNa eilngw;wd.
jw;NghJk;>
mJNghyNt murit $Lk; Kjy;ehs; vd;gjhy; ehd;F jpirfspYk; ,Ue;J te;j
kf;fs; kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpNahL gilnad jpuz;L kd;diu fhz te;Js;sdh;.
kfpo;rr
; p ngUf;fhy; Kof;fq;fSk;> tho;j;JfSk; xypj;jd.
‘fd;du Njth; fz;kzp! tho;f!” vd;w mk;Kjpahpd; Fuy; Nfl;L kd;dh;
tpag;Gw;W jpUk;gp ghh;ff
; pwhh;.
Kjpatiuf; fz;lJk; milahsk; njhpe;Jnfhz;L
nghd;diu mioj;J eyk; tprhhpf;fpwhh;. $l;lj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; mjprapf;fpd;wdh;.
,d;W khiy muz;kidf;F tUk;gb $wpr; nry;fpwhh;.
jw;NghJ> kd;dh; tpraf;fe;jGu muritf;Fs; nrd;wTld; kPz;Lk; tho;j;J
Kof;fq;fs; xypf;fpd;wd.
mitapdh; vOe;J epw;fpd;wdh;.
murh; mhpaizapy;
mkh;fpwhh;. midtUk; ,Uf;ifapy; mku> mikr;rh; G+e;Jiuahh; vOe;J Ngr
Muk;gpf;fpwhh;. ‘Kiw nra;J fhf;Fk; kd;dtd; ekf;nfyhk; ,iwnad tpsq;Fjy;
vth;jhk; mwpahh;? jiytidg; ngWk; jtk; cilNahk; ehk;.... rpfu ,kakha;r;
rPhn
; gWk; muriu tho;j;j tUifGhpe;Js;s rkar; rhd;Nwhh;fis md;NghL
tuNtw;fpwhh;” mikr;rh; G+e;Jiuahh;.
kd;diu tho;j;Jjy;:
rkzg; nghpahh; FzNrdh;> nghd;kdj;jhrhd; Gfo;r; rpk;kiee;jpahh; ey;Yiu
mDg;gp mUspdhh;.
‘fdpnahd;W tPo kynuhd;W G+j;jJ!
mUk;Gf! mUk;Gf! mUs; th;j;j khdh;
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jpUnkhop ehnlyhk; mUk;Gf! mUk;Gf!
MUfj newpapd; khhp Kfpy;fshy;
<uk; nropf;f ,ak;GNtd; tho;j;J”
vd;W tho;j;jp ciuahw;wpdhh;.
gpd;dh;> ngsj;jj; Jwtp jUkghyh;>
‘Nghjp rj;Jtg; Gdpjh; jpUnewp
ePjp Xq;Ff! epyTf rhe;jp!
kd;dt cdJ kjpf;Fil ePoy;
,e;neL itaj;Jf; nfLj;Jf;fhl;lhFf!”
vd;W NgRfpd;whh;. kd;dUk; mjw;F mbgzpfpNwd; vd;fpwhh;. FzNrdUf;F ,J
Nfhgj;ijj; J}z;LfpwJ.
irtr;rhd;Nwhh; eurpk;kgl;lh;
‘....... rq;fuh Nghw;wp!
gpiwkjp Nghy; eP ngUkjp R+Lf!
munrDk; eq;ifNah lkh;e;jpdp Jiwf!
thopa khkd;dh! thop gy;yhz;L!”
vd;W $wNt> kd;dh; jq;fspd; ey;topapy; elg;Ngd; vd;fpwhh;.
,ij Nfl;lJk; rw;W $LjyhfNt FzNrdh; Nfhgk; nfhz;L vOe;J gpd;G
mkh;fpwhh;. ,it mwpahj kd;dh; mitia tzq;fp ciuepfo;j;Jfpwhh;.
kd;dh; ciu:
‘Md;w FbaPh! md;Gf;F ed;wp .....
rhd;Nwhh; gyh;ahd; thOk; Cnud
Me;ijg; nghpNahd; md;Wiuj;jJ Nghy;
khe;jUs; nja;tq;fs; tho;tjpe; ehL!
vd;ngUe; je;ij fd;du Njth;
jd;top kzpKb jhpj;Njd;; ,d;Wik
Ms;tJ jdpNahh; murd; my;yd;
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ePSk; md;Ng epiyj;j vd; nrq;Nfhy;!
rkaq;fs; tpuy;fs; - xd;Wld; xd;wha;
mikTwg; gpd;dpdhy; Mf;fq;fs; ngwyhk;.
rpidj;j Kfpy;fs; rpe;Jnghd; kioNghy;
midj;J kjq;fSk; md;igNa nghoptd”
vd;W kd;dh; $wNt> rpj;jpuNkopahh; jLj;Jk; FzNrdh; ntspNawp tpLfpwhh;.
NkYk;> kd;dh; vq;fs; mUik FyFU rpk;kee;jpahiu Nehpy; fz;L ciuahl
vz;Ztjha; $wpf;nfhz;Nl> FzNrdiu ghh;f;f mth; mq;fpy;yhjij mwpe;Jk;
nfhs;fpwhh;. gpd;dh; murit epiwT ngw;W midtUk; nry;fpd;wdh;.
NjhopaUld; Mjpiu ePuhly;:
fUT+Uf;f
mUfpy;
cs;s
kUJ}h;
vd;w
rpw;W}h;.
Md;nghUie
Mw;Wj;Jiwapy; GJg;Gdy; tpoh eilngWfpwJ. ngz;fs; gbj;Jiwapy; ePuhLNthh;>
ePe;jpf;fspg;Nghh;> GJg;Gdiy tuNtw;Wg; ghLNthh;> MLNthh; vd;W gy epiyfspy;
fhl;rp jUfpd;wdh;. kUJ}h; jiytd; rpj;jpu Nkopahh; kfs; Mjpiu kl;Lk; jdpj;Jf;
fhzg;gLfpwhs;.
new;wpapy; ePW> Fq;Fkk;.
gf;jpf; fdpTld; fhzg;gLfpwhs;.
GJg;Gdiy tuNtw;W ghly;fs; xypf;fpd;wd.
‘kzpr; rpyk;gb jhskpl
kufjg; gl;L kpD kpDq;f
mzpAk; MuKk; Nfhykpl
Mb tUfpwhs; Md;nghUie
khkiy kd;dtd; fhjypdhy;
kz;Zf;Fr; R+l;ba khiynadg;
ghkio tz;Lfs; ghbtug;
gha;e;J tUfpwhs; Md;nghUie
re;jdf; fhLfs; tpl;bwq;fpr;
rz;gf thrk; kze;Jtu
jpe;jpkpj; Njhnkd ehl;baq;fs;
nra;J tUfpwhs; Md;nghUie”
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vd;w
ghly;
xypf;f>
nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.
MlYk;
njhlu
ePh;j;Jiwapy;
Mjpiu
ePuhlbf;
mg;NghJ mtSila Njhopfshd kyh;ty;yp> rpyk;Gr; nry;tp>
gtseq;if Mjpiuapd; moif th;zpf;fpd;wdh;.
gpd;dh;> Mjpiu ePuhb Kbj;Jtpl;L ntspapy; tUfpwhs;.
ePq;fSk; tpiutpy; Fspj;J thUq;fs;.
Njhopfsplk;
,iwadhh; NfhtpYf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;
vd;wJk; NjhopaUk; ePuhlr; nry;fpd;wdh;.
mq;F ePhj
; ;Jiwf;Fr; rw;Wj; js;sp xU
tPud; Fjpiuf;Fj; jz;zPh; fhl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ jtwp tpOe;j tPud; Mw;wpy;
jj;jspf;f> Mjpiuapd; Njhop rpyk;Gr; nry;tp mt;tPuidf; fhg;ghw;wp fiuNaw;wp
tpLfpwhs;. tPuDk; ePq;fp tpLfpwhd;. Mjpiu jd; NjhopfSld; rptd; NfhtpYf;Fr;
nrd;whs;.
kyh;f; $ilapypUe;J xt;nthU kyuhf vLj;J mUr;rpj;Jg; ghly; ghLfpwhs;.
‘jpq;fszp nrQ;fil thdt NdNah
nghq;fdy; Ve;jpLk; ehaf NdNah
fq;ifiaj; jiykPJ fhg;gtd; ePNah
vq;fspd; Fyk; fhf;Fk; ,iwtNd thop
khJsk; G+Nkdp kyud;d fz;zhs;
khnjhU ghfkha; mkh;ejt NdNah
ahnjhU nja;tkha; ahh;njhOjhYk;
ehjdha; ehbNa ehZtha; thop!”
vd;W ghly; ghb Kbj;J Mjpiu jpahdj;jpy; Mo;fpwhs;.
tpopf;fpwhs;.
gpd; G+rhhp mioj;J
‘kWKiw tUk;NghJ khiy kzj;Jld; tur;nrhy;fpd;whh;” G+rhhp
vd;W Nfyp nra;jgb Mjpiuapd; je;ij miog;G tuNt mq;fpUe;J nry;fpd;wdh;.
rkzKk;> rpk;kee;jpahUk;:
GfY}h; rkzg;gs;spapy; Kd;dpuTg; nghOjpy; nky;ypa epyh ntspr;rk; tPRk;
gs;spapd; jpz;izapy; rpk;kee;jpahUk; FzNrdUk; ciuahb ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
rkzg; gs;spapy; ,uT tpsf;F Vw;wg;gLtjpy;iy.
muritapy; epfo;e;jitfis
vy;yhk; FzNrdh; rpk;kee;jpahhplk; $Wfpwhh;.
mjw;F rpk;kee;jpahh; mit
ehfhpfk; fUjp mt;thW kd;dh; $wpapUf;fyhk; vd;fpwhh;.
rpk;kee;jpahh; xw;wdhd jpUePyd;> muritapy; ele;jit midj;ijAk;
$Wfpwhh;.
,g;NghJ Ghpfpwjh! ehd; $WtJ cz;iknad FzNrdh; $Wfpwhh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,th;fs; Xh; miwf;Fr; nrd;W khjtd;> jhl;bfd; vDk; fq;Fy ,sturh;fis
re;jpj;J ciuahLfpd;wdh;.
nfhq;F ehl;bd; kPJ vq;fs; ftdk; mjpfk; cs;sJ
mjid ML;rp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W jk; vz;zj;jpid $Wfpd;wdh;.
vq;fs;
rNfhjhp
rq;fkpj;jpiuia
itj;J
nfhq;F
ehl;il
mila
jpl;lkpl;Ls;sjhfTk;> mjw;F jhq;fs; cjtp nra;jhy;> ehq;fs; Ml;rpf;F te;jJk;
rkz rka newpia nfhq;Fehl;by; gut cq;fSf;F cWJizahf ,Ug;Nghk; vd;W
thf;fspf;fpd;wdh;. khjtd;> jhbfd; vd;w fq;fFy ,sturh;fs;.
‘,sty; fhs;! ,dp vdf;Fk; ckf;Fk;
csNjhh; ,yf;Nf. xU %d;W jpq;fs;
mlq;fp ,Ukpd; mjw;Fs; cq;fs;
cld;gpwg;igg; ngwj; jpUtpf; fpukd;
NgW nra;jtdh? md;wpj; jdf;Nf
CW nra;jtdh? cz;ikiaf; fhzyhk;”
vd;W
rpk;kee;jpahh;>
fq;f
Fy
,sturh;fSf;F
cWJizahf
,Ug;gjhff;
$Wfpd;whh;.
kd;dUk; MjpiuAk;:
eurpk;k gl;lh; epWtpAs;s rq;fuh; Myj;jpw;F jpUtpf;fpuk kd;dh; nrd;W
mtUld;
ciuahLfpwhh;.
rpj;jpNkopahUk;
cld;
,Uf;fpd;whh;.
kd;dh;>
eurpk;kgl;lhplk;
‘gpuhNd! jq;fs; ngUtpsf; fq;fshy;
mwhj Iaq;fs; mw;wd.... irtk;
mUtk; cUtk; mUTU tbntd
,iwtid ,dpa ,ypq;fkha; tzq;Fk;
ngUik mwpe;J Nghpd; Gw;Nwd;......
gw;Wf gw;ww;whd; gw;wpid vd;Dk;
Kw;wpa jj;Jt KOg;nghU swpe;Njd;”
vd;W $Wfpd;whh;. rpj;jpu rpw;g tpj;jf; Nfhtpypy; cs;s fiyeak; fz;L taf;fpwhh;
kd;dh;.
gpd;dh;> NgrpathW fUtiw milag; G+ir epfo;fpd;w Ntisapy;
Mjpiuia ghLkhW eurpk;kgl;lh; gzpf;f mtSk; ghly; ghl Muk;gpf;fpd;whs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘Mjp ,iwath; ghjpkjpazp
ehjh; mofpa guNkrh!
fhjy; kiykfs; XJkyh; nkhop
Ntjk; mJntd mUsPrh!
NkhJk; mTzh;fs; jPJ fUjpl
kPJ fdy;nghop ngUkhNd!
VJk; czh;tpyp Ngij kdjpdpy;
NghJ kyub jUthNa!”
vd;W fz;fspy; fz;zPh; ngUf Mjpiu ghly; ghLfpwhs;. me;j Fuy; Nfl;L kd;dh;
jpUk;gp ghh;f;f> Mjpiuapd; mofpYk;> FuypYk; jd; kdij gwpnfhLf;fpwhh;.
gpd;dh;>
,Uthpd;
fhjy;
czh;tpdhy;
cs;sq;fs;
jLkhWfpd;wd>
kdk;
fiufpd;wd> eurpk;kgl;lh; jpUePW nfhLf;fTk; kd;dh; mjid mzpfpwhh;.
eurpk;kgl;lh;> jpUtpf;fpuk kd;dhplk; rpj;jpu Nkopahhpd; jpUkfs; Mjpiu>
‘nkj;jf;
fw;wtshapDk;
epiwFlk;!”
vd;W
$Wfpd;whh;.
mjw;F
kd;dh;>
Mjpiuiag; ghh;j;J ‘epiwFlk; ,d;dpir epfo;j;JtJz;Nlh?” ‘thd;kio Njhw;Fk;
Njd;kio”nad ,dpikahfg; ghbdhs; vd;W $w Mjpiu ehZfpwhs;. mg;NghJ
kd;ddpd; nka;f;fhg;ghsd; Fkud; tpiuthf Nfhtpy; tuNt> rpj;jpuNkopahh;
mjid kd;dUf;F njhptpj;jJk; kd;dh;> Fkudplk; muz;kidapy; clNd
re;jpg;Nghk;
vd;W
$wptpl;L
eurpk;kgl;lhplKk;>
fz;fshy;
MjpiuaplkpUe;J
tpilngw;W nry;fpwhh; kd;dh;.
kd;dd; md;idiaf; fhzr; nry;Yjy;:
tpraf;
fe;jGu
muz;kidapd;
murUld;
Fkud;
ciuahLfpwhd;.
rpk;kee;jpahh;> fq;fFy ,sturh;fSld; jPl;bAs;s jpl;lj;ijg; gw;wp vLJ;Jiuj;J
,jid jd; ,U tpopfshy; ghh;j;jhf $wNt> kd;dUk; nghd;dh; Ngudhd
FkuNd! cd; Ngr;rpy; vdf;F KO ek;gpf;if cs;sJ vd;fpwhh;.
‘vd;idr; irtk; <h;j;jJ vdpDk;
md;idr; rkzk; mopTwg; nghNwd;
vd;Dk; cz;ik vLj;jpak; Gjw;F
ed;F fdpAk; ehs;ghh;j; jpUe;Njd;.....”
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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vd;W kd;dh; $Wfpwhh;.
nka;f;fhg;ghsd; Fkud; jd; kdj;jpy; cs;sij ciuf;f kd;dhplk; mDkjp
Nfl;fNt> kd;dUk; mDkjp nfhLj;jTld; Fkud;>
‘rkzg; gs;spfs; gyTk; ,d;W
FikAk; murpay; $lq;fs; Mapd
jj;Jt tpsf;fKk; jh;f;fKk; fzpjKk;
tpj;jfkhf tpsq;fpa ,lq;fspy;
irt vjph;g;Gk; murpay; neUg;Gk;
ifNfhh;j;Jf; nfhs;s fhz;fpNwd;. ,jid
,U Nfhzq;fspy; vjph;nfhs;sf; fUjyhk;
xUrhh; ek;kpd; cwTfs; tYg;glj;
jpl;lk; jPl;lyhk;; Njaj;ij mopf;f
tl;l kpLfpd;w fq;f ty;Y}iwg;
Gwg;gLk; ,lj;Nj Ngha; ehk; mopg;gij
,uz;lhk; jpl;lkha; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;”
vd;W kd;ddplk; $Wfpwhd;.
kf;fis
mikjpg;gLj;j
Kjypy;
Mtd
Kbg;gNj
rhp.
MfNt>
Ch;j;jiyth;fis xUq;Nf jpul;b rpw;W}h; xd;wpy; Xh; ehs; $Lf.
gilj;jsgjpia fhz tUk;gb clNd fl;lis czh;j;J vd;fpwhh;.
Fkuh!
jpUtpf;fpuk
kd;diu> jd; md;id mioj;jjhf fhtyd; $wNt kd;dh; md;idia fhz
nry;fpwhh;.
md;id kd;diu kzk;Kbf;fr; nrhy;Yjy;:
jpUtpf;fuk kd;ddpd; jhahh; Nguurp mUfh;kzp> jd; kfidg; ghh;j;J
murUf;F Ntiy kpfTk; mjpfkhfp tpl;lNjh! ngw;w md;idia fhz NeuNk
,y;iyNah? vd;W Nfl;fpwhs;> ‘murpay; Neuj;ij Ml;nfhz;lhYk; xU fzk;
,jak; cq;fis kwf;FNkh” vd;W $wp fhypy; tpOe;J tzq;Ffpwhd;.
jq;fs;
je;ij gpd;gw;wpa rkz rkaj;ijNa eP ehL KOtJk; gug;g Ntz;Lnkd md;id
$wNt> mJ kf;fspd; kdtpUg;gk; vd;fpwhh; kd;dh;> gpwF> rpk;k ee;jpahh; tpUg;gg;gb
fq;f Fyj;Jr; rq;fkpj;jpiuia cdf;F kzk; Kbf;f Mirg;gLfpNwd; vd;W
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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md;id $wNt> kd;dNuh! vd; kdjpy; Vw;fdNt rpj;jpuNkopahh; kfs; Mjpiu
cs;shs;. mtisNa kzg;Ngd; vd;wJk; md;id Nfhgk; nfhs;fpwhs;.
rq;fkpj;jpiuia kzf;f kWj;jhy; nehbapy; gifj;jP %sTk; $Lk; vd;W
md;id $Wfpwhs;.
kd;dh; kPz;Lk; kWf;fpwhh;.
‘tw;whj fz;zPh; ngUfplg;
gps;isNa tpjpahf epd;why; ,UNtW gf;fk; ,dp ePQk; ehDk;” vd;W md;id jd;
kfd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhz;L nry;fpwhs;.
kd;dUf;F vjpuhf rpk;kee;jpahh; rjpj;jpl;lk; jPl;l MNyhrid $l;lk;
epfo;j;Jfpwhh;.
tutioj;J
,jw;F> jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s rkzj;Jwtpfs; gyiuAk; xUq;Nf
jd;
jpl;lj;ij
vLj;Jiuj;J
mth;fisAk;
jdf;F
xj;Jioj;J
rkzrkak; ,e;j khepyk; KOtJk; neLehs; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;W $w midtUk;
rk;kjk; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;.
rkzrkak; ghjfh;fshy; ntl;Lz;L fPNo tpOk; Kd;dNu kJiu ntd;w
jpUtpf;fpuk kd;diu tPo;j;j Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F miyflnyd nghq;Fk; ,isQiu
NghUf;F mDg;g Ntz;Lk;.
jq;fspd; gilfis nfhLj;J rkz newp jiof;f
cjtp nra;Aq;fs; vd;wJk;> midtUk; cjtp nra;tjhf thf;fspj;jdh;.
kd;dh; Mjpiuiaf; fhZjy;:
Mjpiu jd; gpwe;jehis NjhopfSld; Mbg;ghb nfhz;lhLk; Ntisapy; .....
rhiyapy; thpirahf Fjpiufs; gwf;fpwJ.
Mjpiuiaf;
fz;lJk;
rl;nld;W
filrpahf nrd;w kd;dhpd; Fjpiu
epd;W
nky;y
efh;fpwJ.
,UtUk;
xUtiunahUth; fz;L kfpo;fpd;wdh;. clNd kd;dh; Fjpiuapy; gwe;J tpLfpwhh;.
Njhopfs; Mjpiuia Nfyp nra;fpd;wdh;. VNjh! gilnaLg;G midtUk; tpiue;J
,y;yj;jpw;F thUq;fs; vd;W gzpg;ngz; nghd;dhs; tPl;bw;F mioj;J nrd;W
tpLfpwhh;.
jiyf;fhl;bd; mUfpy; cs;s fhl;by; epfo;e;j Nghhpy; xU nrhl;L uj;jk; $l
thspy; cuha;e;jplhky; jpUtp;f;fpuk kd;dhpd; nka;f;fhg;ghsd; Fkudpd; gyj;j
cjtpahy; kd;dUf;F ngUk; ntw;wp fpl;lbaJ. Nghh; eilngw;w ,lj;jpypUe;J fq;f
Fy ,sturh;fs; khjtd;> jhbfd; vd;w ,UtUk; jg;gpj;J Xbtpl;ldh;. mth;fs;
rNfhjhp rq;fkpj;jpiuAk; vq;Nfh kiwtha; kiwe;Jtpl;lhs; vd;Wk; tPuh;fs; $wpdh;.
jiyf;fhl;Lg;
Nghhpy;
ntw;wp
ngw;W
jpUk;Tk;
topapy;
rpj;jpuNkopahh;
fUT+hpyspj;j fz;gwpj;jpLNkhh; tuNtw;G tpoh xd;wpy; itj;J jq;fs; kfs;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Mjpiuia vdf;F kzKbj;Jj; jhUq;fs; vd;W Kiwg;gb ngz; Nfl;lhh; kd;dh;.
kd;dhpd; jpUkz ehspy; kf;fs; kpFe;j kfpo;rr
; pNahL tpUe;Jz;L kztpohit
fz;fspf;fpd;wdh;.
jpUkzk; Kbe;J kd;dUk;> MjpiuAk; ghpRfs; ngw;w gpd;dh;
eurpk;kgl;lh; Mrp ngWtjw;F nry;fpd;wdh;.
Ng&h; rkzj; jpUklj;jpy; rpk;kee;jpahh;> fq;f rNfhjuh;fs; khjtd;> jhbfd;
kw;Wk; FzNrdh;> jpUePyd; MfpNahUld; GJj;jpl;lk; jPl;l $l;lk; $Lfpd;wdh;.
rpk;kee;jpahhplk;> khjtd; fUq;fy; J}z;Nky; this tPrp ,uz;L Jz;lhf
tpor;nra;J jd; tPuj;ijf; fhz;gpf;fpwhd;. khjtdpd; ngaiu ‘nfhq;fdp th;kd;’
vd;W rpk;kee;jpahh; ngah; khw;wk; nra;J itf;fpwhh;> rpk;kee;jpahh;. ek; xg;ge;jg;gb>
cdf;F muRhpik fpilj;jJk;> murpd; rkakhf rkzrkaj;ij mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ehisNa ehl;il tisf;f midtUk; jahuhf ,Uq;fs; vd;whh;.
kd;dh;> Mjpiu caph; ePq;Fjy;:
gy;NtW rpthyaq;fSf;F nrd;W topghL nra;J kd;dUk;> MjpiuAk;
jpUk;gp tUk; topapy; jd; kdjpy; VNjh czh;T vo> Ng&Uf;F gy;yf;fpy; Mjpiuia
mDg;gptpl;L mq;F vdf;fhf fhj;jpU tpiue;J tUNtd; vd;W kd;dh; $wpdhh;.
Mz;nghUie Mw;wpd; fiuNahuk; Fkud; Fuy; Nfl;L (Fkud; tuNtz;lhk; vd;W
$wpAk;) kd;dh; tpiufpwhh;.
gpd;G> kuf;fpisapy; gJq;fpapUe;j tPuh;fs; gyh;
rl;nld;W Nty;> ths; tPrp kd;dh; ths; tPr Kw;gLk; Kd;dNu mtiu kz;zpy;
rha;j;Jtpl;ldh;. kd;dh; jd; md;idAk; jd;id nfhy;y cle;ijahf ,Ue;jij
mwpfpwhh;.
gpwF mth;> ‘vd;jha; kz;zpy; vd;id vjphpAld; Nrh;e;J vd;id
nfhy;Yk; nfhLik epfo;e;jJ.” vjph;fhyj;jpy; ,e;j ehl;by; rkaq;fs; xope;J
gifik ePq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpa kd;dh;> Mjpiuia vz;zpagb jd; capiu
tpLfpd;whs;.
kd;dUf;fhf Ng&h; neha;ayhw;wq;fiuapy; fhj;jpUe;j Mjpiuia> fq;fFy
,sturp xU FWthshy; neQ;rpy; gha;r;rp nfhiy nra;fpwhs;.
,jid mwpe;j
rpk;kee;jpahh; tpiue;J mq;F tuNt> capUf;F Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Mjpiu
‘xU ngz;zhy; ehd; ,e;j epiyikf;F MshNdd;.
tho;f rkaq;fs;” vd;W
$wpagbNa caph;tpl;lij fz;l> rpk;kee;jpahh; ‘ehd; Njhw;Nwd;..... Njhw;Nwd;...... vd;
jtiw czh;e;Njd;” vd;W $wp tlf;fpUe;J caph;tpl Jzpfpwhh;. mg;NghJ mtiu
fhz te;j nfhq;fzpth;kdplk;> jpUePyd; %ykhf murh; nghWg;G nfhLf;fg;gl;L
‘kjj;ij tpl kdpjk; jhd; nghpaJ” vd;W $wp mth; tlf;fpUe;J caph; tplj;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Jzpe;jJk;> mtUld; jpUePyDk; cld; cs;s midtUk; tlf;fpUe;jdh;. xw;iw
kdpjdha; nfhq;fzpth;kd; nky;y ele;J nry;fpwhd;.
xj;jpif
m.uhkrhkp
‘xj;jpif” vd;w ehlfj;jpd; Mrphpah; m.uhkrhkp Mthh;.
xj;jpif ehlfj;jpy; ,lk; ngWk; fjhghj;jpuq;fs;:
 ,af;Feh; - ehlfj;ij ,af;Fk; ,af;Feh;
 utp - ehlfj;jpd; cjtp ,af;Feh;
 yjh - ntq;fNl\; - ghy ru];tjp vd;w jk;gjpapdhpd; kfs; (taJ 24)
 ntq;fNl\; - yjhtpd; mg;gh (taJ - 56)
 ghy ru];tjp - yjhtpd; mk;kh (taJ - 50)
 Rg;igah - yjhtpd; fzth; (taJ - 27)
 utpr;re;jh; - yjhtpd; ,isa rNfhjud; (taJ - 30) mg;ghtplk; Nfhgk;
nfhz;L tPl;iltpl;Lg; Nghdtd;. fyg;Gj; jpUkzk; Ghpe;jtd;.
 NtyhAjk; - yjhtpd; %j;j rNfhjud; (taJ - 33) ngw;Nwhh; nrhy;
jl;lhj gps;is
 mKjh - yjhtpd; lk;kp mk;khthf tUgth;.
fijr; RUf;fk;:
xU
ehlf
xj;jpiff;
$lj;jpy;
“xj;jpir”
vd;w
ehlfj;jpd;
fij
njhlq;FfpwJ. me;j ehlf xj;jpiff; $lj;jpd; Rth;fspy; eld Kj;jpiu nfhz;l
mij cUtq;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs; cs;sd.
ehl;Lg;Gwf;fiyfspd; ghzpAk; $l
rpw;gq;fshfTk;> jpiur;rPiyfshfTk; Rth;fis xl;b ,Uf;fpd;wd.
rpwpaJk;> nghpaJkhd rJu> nrt;tf Nkilfs; fplf;fpd;wd.
ikaj;jpy;
mtw;wpy; ,Uth;
%tuhf mkh;e;Js;sdh;. mthf;spd; cilfspy; tpNr\khf Fwpg;gpl vJTk; ,y;iy.
nkhj;jk; 10 Ngh; mq;Fs;sdh;.
Xuj;jpypUf;Fk;
];BhpNah
ngl;bapypUe;J
,irapd;
xyp
nky;ypajhf
Nfl;fpwJ. cs;Ns Eioe;j cjtp ,af;Feh; utp> ,ir vOg;Gk; rhtpia epWj;jptpl;L
ifapy;
nfhz;Lte;j
ehlfj;jpd;
gpujpfisg;
ngah;nrhy;ypf;
nfhLf;fpwhh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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nfhLj;J Kbf;Fk; Kd; ,af;Feh; mq;F te;JtpLfpwhh;.
‘utp ];fphpg;l; nfhLj;J
Kbj;Jtpl;L ePq;fNsh> gpuhf;nfl;]; gbq;f> ahUf;F vd;d Nfuf;lh;];d;D xU
jilt nrhy;ypLq;f” vd;W cjtp ,af;Feiu ghh;j;J ,af;Feh; $Wfpwhh;. cjtp
,af;Feh; utpAk; midthpd; Nfuf;lh;i] xU Kiw gbf;fpwhh;.
yjh>
ntq;fNl\;
,UtiuAk;
NkNy
Nghfr;
‘cq;fk;kh vq;fk;kh” vd;W ,af;Feh; Nfl;fpwhh;.
nrhy;yptpl;L>
yjhtplk;>
mjw;F yjh> ‘mk;kh MgP];
NghapUf;fhq;f rhh;” vd;W $w midtUk; rphpf;fpd;wdh;. ,af;Feh; jd; jiyapy;
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yjh $Wfpwhh;.
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GhpAk;gbah nrhd;dhy;jhNd.... rhp. vd;dplk; nrhy;y Kbahj tp\akhf ,Ue;jhy;
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,Uf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhak; ,y;iyNa vd ntq;fNl\; $Wfpwhh;.
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ehd;
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vjph;ghh;f;fpwjh? vd;W yjhtpd; mg;gh $Wfpwhh;.
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$Wfpwhs;.
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$w>
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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mDg;gpl;lhuh? vd;W mg;gh Nfl;f> ‘mth; vd;d vd;id mDg;GwJ? ehNd
te;Jl;Nld;.
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rhkhd;fs;> ,g;gb VjhtJ yp];l; ,Uf;fpwjh? vd;W Nfl;fpd;wdh;. ‘vd; fztiug;
gj;jp ,t;tsT nfhr;irahfg; NgRwJ rhpapy;y.
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Mz; vd;gij vy;yh NeuKk; czh;j;jpf;fpl;Nl ,uf;fpwtd;.
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tujl;riz vjph;g;G vd;W NgRtJ kl;Lky;yhky; nraypy; fhl;batUk; Mapw;Nw”
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vd;fpw mthpd; epidg;gpNyNa> jhd; xU Mz;> ngz;iztpl cah;e;jts; vd;fpw
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khg;gps;isf;Fk; cdf;Fk; vd;d gpur;rpid vd;gij rw;W
njspthf nrhy;Yk;kh... vd;W ngw;Nwhh;fs; Nfl;fpd;wdh;.
yjh jdf;Fk; jd;
fztDf;Fk; ele;j me;j ciuahliyj; jpUk;gTk; epidj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhs;. mit
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vdf;Fk; xU gq;F cz;L. mJ vdf;F Ntz;Lk;” vd;fpwhs; yjh.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
199
‘eP Nfl;fg;NghtJ cd;Ndhl ghfkhf ,Uf;fyhk; Mdh ehd; tujl;riz
Nfl;L cd;dj; Juj;jpl;ljhjd; mJ czug;gLk;.
nghUs; - gzk; vd;fpw hPjpapy;
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gpur;rpidfis Vd; mZff;$lhJ vd;fpwhh; Rg;igah. ,J vy;yhNk gpuikjhd;.
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vd;fpwhh; Rg;igah. tiuaiwfis mtq;f mtq;f Nfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;J ‘rhpah”d;D
ghh;ff
; pwJf;fhd chpikfs; xt;nthUj;jUf;Fk; cz;LjhNd. ,e;j chpikiaf;$l
ePq;fjhd; juZNkh vd;fpwhs; yjh.
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itf;fpwJ mt;tsT Rygkpy;iy” vd;fpwhh; Rg;igah. ‘vy;yh Mz;fSk; vy;yhg;
gpur;rpidfisAk; mtq;f Nfhzj;jpypUe;Jjhd; ghh;j;jpUf;fhq;f” vd;fpwhs; yjh.
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tp\aj;ij kl;Lk; Nahrpr;Rg;ghU. cq;f tPl;by; cz;lhfg; Nghw Gay;. cq;f mg;gh
vjph;nfhs;s Ntz;ba kNdh ijhpak;.
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; Zk;.
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fzth; Rg;igah fhl;rpia tpl;L tpyF nrd;WtpLfpwhh;.
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NgRtjpy; gpuNahrdk; ,y;iy.
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tujl;rizah
thq;fpl;Lg;
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nrhy;”
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vd;fpwhh;
ntq;fNl\;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
200
‘tujl;rizahfj; jh;wjh ,Ue;jh vJTNk Ntzhk;.
vdf;Fj; Njit
cq;fNshl nrhj;jpy; gq;F. vd; rNfhjuh;fSf;F vd;d fpilf;FNkh mNj msT
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gy;NtW ,lq;fpsy; mkh;fpd;wdh;. cjtp ,af;Feh; utp> mLf;fg;gl;bUe;j gpujpfis
mth;fsplNk tpepNahf;fpwhh;. ‘,d;idf;F xd;Dk; gpur;rid ,y;iyNa vy;NyhUk;
te;jhr;RjhNd” vd;W ,af;Feh; Nfl;f> ‘yjh kl;Lk; tuyPq;f rhh;” vd;W cjtp
,af;Feh; gjpyspf;fpwhh;.
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ghyru];tjp kw;Wk; utpr;re;jhplk; mjw;fhd fhuzk; vd;dntd;Wk; tprhhpf;fpwhh;.
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rhh;.
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ghyru];tjp
mthplkpUe;J
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Kd;NdWfpwhh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Mdhy; ,af;Feh;> ‘ghyh> ePq;fNs rj;jkhf gbq;fk;kh. vy;yhUk; ftdpq;f” vd;W
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khwp) Nehpy; tUtjpy; vdf;Fj; jaf;fk; fpilahJ. Nehpy; te;jhy; ,ij cq;fsplk;
nrhy;y KbAkh vd;W njhpatpy;iy.
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,ayhJ. Mapuk; xj;jpifs; elj;jpdhYk; mJ rhj;jpakpy;iy. (fz;fspy; ePh; epuk;gp
epw;fpwJ).
vJ ngha;? vJ cz;ik? md;whl tho;f;ifapy; vdJ ,af;fq;fs; cz;ik
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tho;tjw;F my;y.
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ehk; nfhQ;rk; NgryhNk. mtNuhl fbjj;ij vy;NyhUk; Nfl;bUf;fq
P ;f. vy;yhUk;
mtq;f mtq;f fUj;Jfisr;nrhy;yyhk;” vd;W ,af;Feh; $Wfpwhh;.
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mit vdf;Fk; Nghjpf;fpd;wd vd;gJ ,uz;lhk;gl;rk;jhd;
ehd; ebfdhf - xU
fiyQdhf ,Ug;gNj ,g;gb vd;id czh;e;jjpdhy;jhd;” vd;W NtyhAjk;
jd;Dila fUj;ij gjpT nra;fpwhh;.
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nfhz;ljhy;
fiyQdhf
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yjh jd;id czh;e;J nfhz;ljhy; fiyQdhf ,Uf;f KbahJ
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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vd;fpwhh;.
,J vdf;F Kuz;ghlh Njhzy. tpNehjkhd tpisahl;lh NjhZJ”
vd;W jd;Dila fUj;ij ntq;fNl\; gjpT nra;fpwhh;.
‘cz;ik - ngha; vd;w
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nrd;Ws;shd;.
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R+o;epiyjhd;
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jPhg
; ;ig toq;Ftjd; %yk; ‘fw;gopg;G” vd;gjw;fhd mfuhjp mh;j;jKk;> eilKiw
mh;j;jKk; Jilj;njwpag;gLfpd;wd. vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; mjpfhuk; td;ikahdjhfr;
nray;gLfpwJ” vd;W mKjh jd; fUj;ij njspTglf; $Wfpwhh;.
cjtp ,af;Feh; utp> ‘ehk; ek; ehlfj;jpd; xj;jpifiaj; njhlUtNj
rhpnadg;gLfpwJ” vd;fpwhh;.
‘vdf;F ,d;ndhU Nfs;tp yjhNthl KbTf;Fk;
,e;jf; Nfs;tpf;Fk; Neubahd njhlh;G ,f;fpwjh? ,y;iyah? vd;gJ $l vdf;Fj;
njhpatpy;iy.
Mdhy;
Nfl;fj;
ngh;ghh;kd;];
Nkilapy;jhd;
Njhd;WfpwJ.
elf;fZkh?
‘epfo;Tq;fpwJ
fw;gpjkhd
-
mjhtJ
,lq;fs;jhd;.
Nkilj;jsq;fsh?” vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;Gfpwhh;.
‘xj;jpifiaj; njhlug;Nghwkh... ,y;iyah... mij Kjy;y KbT gz;Zq;f...”
vd;W
,jw;fpilNa
Nfl;fpwhh;
mh;jkpUf;fpwjh NjhZJ.
ghyru];tjp.
‘Rg;igahNthl
Nfs;tpapy;
mh;j;jkpy;yhjjf;$l mh;jg;gLj;jpw ehnk... ek;kNshl
ek;gpf;iffs; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shf;fg;gLk; NghJ> mij vjph;nfhs;sg; gag;gLw khjphp
njhpAJ” vd;W kPz;Lk; $Wfpwhh;.
ntq;fNl\;.
‘,af;Fehpd; Nahridfs;
vd;Dila MSikia rpijg;gjhf epidg;gjpy;iy” vd;W $Wfpwhh; ghyru];tjp.
‘,af;Feh; nrhd;dij khw;wpr; nra;tjpy; ebfhpd; jdpj;jd;ik ntspg;gl
tha;g;Gs;sJ.
NjLjyw;w egh;fNs efy;fis cw;gj;jp nra;thh;fs;.
,e;jf;
fzj;jpw;Fk; mLj;j fzj;jpw;Fk; tpj;jpahrq;fs; cz;L vd;gjpy; vdf;F ek;gpf;if
cz;L” vd;W ntq;fNl\; kPz;Lk; jd;Dila fUj;ij gjpT nra;fpwhh;. Gjpa Gjp
gjpy;fSk; ehlff; fiyapd; rhuhk;rkhd jh;ff
; q;fis cYf;fpg; ghh;g;gitahf
Mfptpl tha;g;Gfs; cz;L.
Nahrpj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy;> ehd; vy;yh NeuKk; vijahtJ
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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epfo;j;jpf; nfhz;Nljhd; ,Uf;fpNwd;” vd;W utpr;re;jh; jd;Dila fUj;ij
kPz;LK; gjpT nra;fpwhh;.
‘ujq;fspd; Ch;tyq;fSk;> fhh;fspd; gtdpfSk; Njh;j;jpUtpohf;fis ,lk;
ngah;j;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
cw;rt%h;j;jpfs;
itg;ghl;bfNshLk;
fhty;
nja;tq;fNshLk; elj;Jk; gtdpfs; fw;gpjntspiaAk; cz;ikntspiaAk; Fog;gpj;
jh;f;fq;fisr; rpijf;fpd;wd.
ghjG+i[fs;> ehkfuzk; R+l;ly; vd elf;Fk;
epfo;TfNshL ek; epfo;Tfs; Nghl;baplj; jpuhzpaw;wit vd;gijf; $l ehk; czuj;
jahuhapy;iy” vd;W mKjh jd; fUj;ij kPz;Lk; gjpT nra;fpwhs;.
‘cq;fs; Ngr;Rfs; vdf;F xd;iw kl;Lk; czh;j;Jfpd;wd.
xj;jpifia
Muk;gpf;f ekf;F fhy mtfhrk; Njit ,d;Dk; ehk; Nahrpf;f Ntz;Lk;. jPtpukhf
Nahrpf;f Ntz;Lk;. %d;W ehs; ,ilntspf;Fg; gpd; kPz;Lk; ehlf xj;jpifiaj;
njhl Ntz;Lnkd;gth;fs; ,q;F tuyhk;. mg;nghOJ kw;wtw;iw KbT nra;Nthk;.”
vd;W ,af;Feh; gjpyspf;fpwhh;.
kPz;Lk;
mNj
xj;jpiff;
fsj;jpy;
fhy
,ilntspf;Fg;gpd;
,af;Feh;
jdpahf... gpd;dzpapy; Jhpjfjpapy; Nkw;fj;jpa ,ir xypj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
mjw;Nfw;g jd; cliyg; gykhf mire;J Mlj; njhlq;fp Xa;fpwhh;. ,ir epw;fpwJ.
fbfhuk; rj;jkhf xypf;fpwJ.
khw;Wfpwhh;.
fbfhuj;jpd;
rh];jphPa
kPJ
,af;Feh; fbfhuj;ijg; ghh;f;fpwhh;.
eldnkhd;wpw;fhd
,af;Feh;
ghh;it
jhs
jpUk;gTk;
xyp.
Nfrl;
mjw;Nfw;w
khw;wk;
Nfrl;il
eldk;.
nkd;ikahd
,irf;Nfhyk;.
jiuapy; mjw;Nfw;g mire;J> ky;yhf;fg; gLj;Jf; fplf;fpwhh;.
jiyaUfpy; fplf;Fk; fbjq;fis xt;nthd;whf thrpf;fpwhh;.
Nahfhrdg; gapw;rpfs; nra;Ak; epoy; njhpfpwJ.
gpd;Dk; rphpf;fpwhh;.
mtuJ
RtuUfpy; xUth;
xt;nthU fbjq;fis thrpj;j
xsp mth; kPJk; epoy; cUtj;jpd; kPJk; khwpkhwp tpOfpwJ.
,af;Feh; epoy; cUtkhf khw ep[ cUtkhf ,Ue;j utp ntspj;njhpfpwhh;.
xj;jpiffs; njhlUk; - jpdk;
xj;jpiffs; njhlUk;
vd;W Fuy; kl;Lk; xypf;f ... utp Kd;tu... ,af;Feh;> utpapd; ,lj;jpw;F ,lk;
ngah;tNjhL ,jd; fijia epiwT nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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%lNjrj;J Kl;lhs; uh[h
Mrphpah; - m.uhkrhkp
ehlfj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; fjhghj;jpuq;fs;:;

fl;baq;fhud; -1

fl;baq;fhud; -2

xsp mikg;ghsd;

xyp mikg;ghsd;

murd;

mikr;rd;

jpUld;

nfhj;jd;

jhrp (Vopir ty;ygp)

mwptpg;ghsh;fs; kw;Wk;

fhtyh;fs;> nghJkf;fs;
fijr; RUf;fk;:
Fwpg;gpl;l
,lk;
,Jntd;W
vijAk;
ntspg;gLj;jhj
fhl;rp
mikg;G.
fhyj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; Xh; mikg;G tbtk;. fhyf;fbif - fbfhuj;jpd; gioa tbtk;
my;yJ kzpf;$z;L.
tprhuizf;
fskhfTk;>
,jpy; nra;ag;gLk; rpW khw;wNk muq;f ntspia ePjp
jz;lid
epiwNtw;wg;gLk;
fskhfTk;
khw;Wtjw;F
VJthf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Nkilapy; ,Uth; epw;fpd;wdh;.
njhpahjgbahd
xspaikg;G
mth;fsJ Kfq;fs; ghh;itahsh;fSf;Fj;
mth;fSf;Fg;
gpd;dhy;
,UtUf;Fk;
,ilapy;
Nkilapd; ikaj;jpy; me;jf; fhyq;Fwpf;Fk; mikg;G njsptpd;wpj; njhpfpwJ.
Nkilapy; epw;Fk; ,UtUk; xNu Neuj;jpy; ‘rigNahh;fNs! cq;fs; midtUf;Fk;
tzf;fk;.
jd; FuNyhL ,d;ndhU FuYk; xypg;gij mwpe;J xUtiunahUth;
ghh;j;Jtpl;L kPz;Lk; rigNahUf;F tzf;fk; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;.
ehd;jhd; ,e;j
ehlfj;jpd; fl;;baq;fhud;” vd;W ,UtUk; xUNru $Wfpd;wdh;.
‘ml... ,njd;d Nrhjid... vq;fa;ah ehlfj;Njhl ,af;Feh;. xNu Neuj;jpy;
nuz;L Ngiu mDg;gp tr;rpUf;fhU.
,uz;L NgUk; ehd;jhd; fl;baq;fhud;D
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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nrhy;whq;f. Kjy;y ahU fl;baq;fhud;D nrhy;whq;f. Kjy;y ahU fl;baq;fhud;D
KbT gz;Zq;f tpsf;fg; Nghl;lh vy;yhk; ntl;l ntspr;rk; MapLk;. mg;Gwk; ahU
fl;baq;fhudh ,Uf;fyhk;D ghh;itahsh;fSk; Nahrid nrhy;thq;f.
Naht;
];Nl[; khNd[h; $g;gpla;ah ,af;FeNu ahUf;Fd;Da;ah ehd; tpsf;Fg; gpbf;fpwJ.
Kjy;y... ahU fl;baq;fhud;D KbT gz;Zq;f”.
vd;W xsp mikg;ghsd;
$Wfpwhd;.
‘Iah nghpNahh;fNs! jha;khh;fNs! fl;bsQ;rpq;fq;fs;! ,e;j ehlfj;jpd;
,af;FeUk; ehd;jhd;” vd;W ,UtUk; xUNru kPz;Lk; $Wfpd;wdh;.
Ntbf;ifjhd;.
,uz;L NgUk; Kjy;y fl;bq;fhud;D nrhd;dhq;f.
,af;FeNu ehd;jhd;D nrhy;whq;f.
‘,J ey;y
,g;Ngh
,d;idf;F ehlfk; ele;jhg;yjhd;> Naht;...
];Nl[; khNd[h;... vd;da;ah ,njy;yhk; vd;dhy; ,e;j ehlfj;jpw;F tpsf;Fg; gpbf;f
KbahJ. xU fl;baq;fhud;D nedr;R xU ];ghl;Lj;jhd; tr;Nrd;. ,g;Ngh nuz;L
NgUd;dh... vd;Ndhl bi]Nd Fog;gkhapLNk. Vd;g;gh Ve;njhopy nfLf;fpwPq;f.
,uz;L Ngh;y ahuhtJ me;j ntspr;rj;jpy; te;J NgRq;f.” vd;W xsp mikg;ghsd;
kPz;Lk; $Wfpwhd;.
‘vdf;Fk; mNj gpur;rpidjhd;.
,uz;L NgUk; xNu Neuj;jpy; xNu
trdj;ijg; Ngrpdh vd;Ndhl ‘ikf;nrl;”-y jhd; NfhshWd;D nedr;Rf;Fthq;f.
xUj;jh; xUj;juh NgRq;f... mJjhd; rhpg;gl;LtUk;” vd;W xyp mikg;ghsd;
$Wfpwhd;. ‘,t;tsTjhd; cq;f gpur;rpidah? ,Jf;F clNd jPhT
; fz;blyhk;”
vd;W $wpa ,U fl;baq;fhuh;fSk; jq;fs; trk; cs;s Jzpiaf; fapwhf epidj;J
ahh; gyrhyp vd KbT nra;a Kay;fpd;wdh;.
,y;iy.
rk gyKs;sth;fshjyhy; KbT
xsp mikg;ghsd; ,ilapy; te;J G+th? jiyah? Nghl;L xUtid
ntd;wtdhff; ifiaj; J}f;fp mwptpj;Jtpl;L ,wq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;.
‘ehd; Nfl;l jiy tpOe;J mjph;\;lk; vd;idj; Njb te;Js;sJ.
mjdhy;
cq;fs; Kd;dhy; ehNd Kjypy; Ngrg; NghfpNwd;.” vd;W fl;baq;fhud; - 1 vd;gtd;
$Wfpwhd;. vdJ ehlfNk Kjypy; elf;fg; NghfpwJ. ,jw;fhf Kjypy; N[huh xU
jilt if jl;.lyhkh... vq;Nf jl;Lq;f ghh;ff
; yhk; vd;wJk; ifjl;ly; xyp gykhf
Nfl;fpwJ. nghpNahh;fNs! jha;khh;fNs! ehndhU fl;baq;fhud;. fl;baq;fhudpd;
fhhpaq;fs; cq;fSf;Fj; njhpAk;jhNd.
,d;iwa
nghOij
nghOjhf;Fthd;.
New;wha;
%d;W fhyKk; KOJk; czh;e;jtd;
khw;Wthd;.
New;iwa
nghOij
ehisa
fl;Lf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; fhy vy;iyia fw;gidfs; nfhz;L
tphpj;Jg; ngUf;Fthd;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘ehndhU fl;baq;fhud;. Neuj;ijf; fl;ltpo;g;gtd; ehndhU fl;baq;fhud;”
vd;fpwhd;. NkYk;> ,g;NghJ cq;fs; Kd; vd; ehlfj;ij elj;jg;NghfpNwd;. ehlfk;
ey;ynjhU ehlfk;.
,lkhd;D
‘V... tpsf;ifg; NghL ... ,lj;ijg; ghh;ff
; Zk; vdf;fhd
ghh;f;fZk;” vd;fpwhd;.
ntspr;rKk; guTfpwJ.
mtd; vy;yh
,lq;fspYk; gutp te;J... ‘ghh;itahsh;fNs! kd;dpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j ,lk; vd;
ehflj;jpw;Fj; Njhjhdjhfj; Njhd;wtpy;iy.
vd; ehlfk; eilngw cs;NsAk;
,y;yhj ... ntspNaAk; ,y;yhj ... mfj;jpYk; ,y;yhj Gwj;jpYk; ,y;yhj ,lk; jhd;
Ntz;Lk;” vd;W fl;baq;fhud; - 1 vd;gtd; $wpaJk;> ‘mg;Ngh... cd; ehlfk; ele;j
khjphpjhd;” vd;W fl;baq;fhud; - 2 vd;gtd; $Wfpwhd;.
‘Vd; ... epr;rak; vd; ehlfk; ele;Nj jPUk; ,e;jg; G+kpapy; vq;fhtJ mjw;fhd
ntsp.... cs;Sk; my;yhj Gwj;Jk; my;yhj ntsp fpilf;Fk;.
mq;Nf jhd; vd;
ehlfj;ij elj;JNtd;” vd;W fl;baq;fhud; - 1 vd;gtd; $wpaJk;> fl;baq;fhud; 2 vd;gtd;> ‘mJ rhp .... nfhQ;rk; ,Ue;J mg;g ehd; elj;jg; Nghw ehlfj;ijg;
ghh;j;Jl;Lg; Ngh... mg;gb cl;fhh;” vd;W $wpagbNa fl;baq;fhud; - 1 vd;gtid
Nkilapd; xU Xuj;jpy; cl;fhu itf;fpwhd;.
jw;NghJ fl;baq;fhud; - 2 vd;gtd; Nkilapy; Njhd;Wfpwhd;. ey;yth;fNs!
ty;yth;fNs!
njhpAk;jhNd.
ehndhU
fl;baq;fhud;
fl;baq;fhudpd;
tpj;ijfs;
Mf;fTk; nra;thd;> fhf;fTk; nra;thd;.
vy;yhk;
gpd;dh; mopf;fTk;
nra;thd;. mit Nfhl;ilfs; vd;why;mit Nfhl;ilfshFk;. nfhj;jsk; vd;why;
mit nfhj;jsk; MFk;.
‘fl;baq;fhud; mtd;.
,lj;ij fl;baikg;gtd;
fl;baq;fhud; ehlfj;jpd; fl;baq;fhud; vd;whd;.
Nfhza ehl;by; nra;jp xd;wpid mwptpg;gjw;fhd Kurpd; xyp Nfl;fpwJ.
mjhtJ Nfhza ehl;L Nfza kfhuh[h me;ehl;by; ‘fhy xOq;F” khw;wk;
nra;Js;shh;
vd;gjid
KuR
miwe;J
mwptpg;ghsd;
me;ehl;L
kf;fSf;F
nra;jpapid mwptpf;fpd;whd;. ‘mjhtJ ,dp ,unty;yhk; gfyhfTk;> gfnyy;yhk;
,uthfTk; fUjg;gLk;!” ngah; khw;wy; cj;juTfis Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ NghyNt ,e;j
MiziaAk; xt;nthU FbkfDk; rpuNkw;nfhz;L nray;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ‘fhy
xOq;FKiw khw;wk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
jtWgth;fSf;Ff; fLikahd jz;lid
toq;fg;gLk;” vd;Wk; mwptpf;fpd;whd; mwptpg;ghsd;.
Nfhza ehl;L kf;fs; gfypy; nra;Ak; Ntiyfis ,uitg; gfyhff; fUjp
nra;fpd;wdh;.
ntspr;rKk;
J}f;fKk; tpopg;Gk; ngUk; rpf;fyhf khWfpd;wd.
kf;fis
Fog;gj;jpy;
Mo;j;Jfpd;wd.
me;juq;f
,Ul;Lk;
tp\aq;fs;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ntspr;rj;jpy; eilngWfpd;wd. mNj Neuj;jpy; Nfhza kfhuh[hTk;> mikr;rUk;
ehl;by; rl;lk; xOq;F fhf;fg;gLfpwjh vd;W tpthjpj;jg;gpd; khWNtlj;jpy; efh;tyk;
nry;y KbT nra;fpd;wdh;.
Nfhza ehl;by; R+hpad; fpof;Nf cjpf;fpwJ.
kf;fs;
tpsf;F
Vw;Wfpd;wdh;.
uhg;ghbAk;
murh; Mizg;gb ‘tPLfspy;
jpUlDk;
xU
rj;jpuj;jpy;
J}q;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jdh; tPLfspy; gha;fis tphpj;Jg; gLf;f Muk;gpf;fpd;wdh;. jd;
kidtpia neUq;fpg; gLf;f xUtd; Kay;fpwhd;.
jpLf;fpl;L tpopj;j mts;
gf;fj;jpy; kw;wth;fs; ,Ug;gijg; ghh;j;J mtid mz;ltpltpy;iy.
kw;nwhU
Gwj;jpy; jpUlDk; gJq;fpg; gJq;fp tUfpwhd;.
‘nga;A kioak;kh ,q;Nf nga;A kioak;kh Ngah kionahd;D ,q;F nga;A
kioak;kh ey;y kionahd;D nga;A khyk;kh.
Crp Nghy kpd;dp kpd;dp
Ch; nropf;fg; nga;A khyk;kh
ehL fhlhdhYk; fhL ehlhdhYk;
ey;y kio khwhJ
uhj;jphpiag; gfnyd;why; gfy;
Nfhgq;nfhs;shJ
gfiy ,untd;why; gfy; Fsph;e;J NghfhJ
,aw;if top khwhJ
,d;Dnkd;d Nrjp ak;kh...”
vd;wthW uhg;gb ghly; ghLfpwhd;.
fs;sf; fhjyh;fs; jdpahfr; re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
ehs; ,g;gb ahUf;Fk; njhpahky; re;jpg;gJ.
,d;Dk; vj;jid
tpiutpy; ehk; ,UtUk; fztd;
kidtpahNthk; vd;W Ngrpf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. khW Ntlj;jpy; murDk; mikr;rDk;
efh;tyk; tUfpd;wdh;.
mg;NghJ VNjh Fuy; Nfl;fpwJ.
‘fhjyh;fs; ufrpakhfr;
re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs; muNr> ngw;Nwhh;fSf;Fj; njhpahky;...” vd;W mikr;rh;
$Wfpwhh;. Nfhza ehl;L kf;fs; Gjpa Kiw khw;wj;jpw;Fg; gofptpl;ldh;. vd;gij>
mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; Njb miye;J jphpe;j fl;baq;fhuh;fs; ,UtUk; Nfhza
ehl;L vy;iyiaf; fle;J efUf;Fs; EioAk; nghOJ tpah;j;Jf; nfhl;LfpwJ.
ntapypd; jfpg;gpy; ele;J tUtjw;F ,UtUk; kpfTk; rpukg;gLfpd;wdh;
Ms;
mutNk ,y;yhj ntwpr;Nrhba njUf;fs; ,UtUf;FNk Mr;rhpaj;ij jUfpd;wdh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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kuj;jb epoy;fspy; gyUk; cwq;Ffpd;wdh;. tPl;bw;Fs; GOf;fj;jpy; tprpwpagbNa rpyh;
cwq;Ffpd;wdh;.
‘,njd;d Mr;rhpak;.
cwq;Ffpwhh;fNs.
vdd khak;.
Nghy>
vd;d
ke;jpuj;jpy;
,e;j CNu ,g;gb cr;rp ntapypy;
Gy;yhq;FoYf;F kaq;fpa khl;L ke;ijfisg;
,g;gbf;
fl;Lz;L
fplf;fpwhh;fs;
,th;fs;”
vd;W
fl;baq;fhud; - 2 vd;gtd; Mr;rhpag;gLfpwhd;.
gpd;dh;> murUk; mikr;rUk; jq;fspd; gazf; fisg;Gj; jPu Xa;ntLg;gjw;F
rj;jpuk;
xd;wpy;
(ghh;g;gjw;F
Nrhk;Ngwpfs;
klkhf
fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ)
jq;fp
J}q;Ffpd;wdh;. ,UtUk; ed;whf fz; mah;e;J tpLfpd;wdh;. jpBnud Ch; kf;fs;
tpopj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.
fl;baq;fhuh;fSk; tpopj;Jg; ghh;f;fpd;wdh;.
thry; njspj;Jf; Nfhyk; NghLfpd;wdh;.
nry;yg;gLk; xypfs; Nfl;fpd;wd.
ngz;fs;
MLkhLfs; Nka;g;gjw;fhf Xl;br;
gy; Jyf;fpagb rpyh; fhiyf; fld; fopf;fr;
nry;fpd;wdh;.
vdf;F ,e;j Chpy; xU epkp\k; $l ,Uf;f KbahJ kpfTk; gakhf
,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;gNt ehk; ,q;fpUe;J fpsk;gZk; vd;W fl;baq;fhud; - 1 vd;gtd;
$Wfpwhd;.
vdf;F ,e;j Ch; kpfTk; gpbr;rpUf;F.
,uz;L> %Z ehl;fs; ,q;F
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Njlypy; gad; vd;d tpisAk;. ghPl;irfs;jhd; Kbitf; nfhLf;Fk;. Nrhjidfs;
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Ml;rpapd; rpwg;G” vd;W jpUld; $Wfpwhd;. ‘mikr;ruNu! mtd; nrhy;tJ rhpjhd;
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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nra;Aq;fs;.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,we;jhy;... Kjypy; ,wg;gtd;jhd; ,e;j ehl;bd; mLj;j murd;.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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myF - 5
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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kzpnkhopkhiy vd;Dk; gFjpapy; mwtpay; nra;jpfs;> ew;gz;Gfisg; Gfl;Lk;
nra;jpfs; ghly;fshf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
ghtyNuW ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; mth;fspd; koiyg;ghly;fspd; Kw;gFjpapy;
gs;spf;Fr;
nry;yhj
Foe;ijfSf;Fg;
tz;zKk; ghly;fs; cs;sd.
GhpAk;
tz;zKk;>
kdj;jpy;
gjpf;Fk;
mk;khit mwpKfk; nra;tJ> jha; nfhQ;RtJ>
ghijapy; elg;gJ> fhf;if> ,aw;if ehs; flik> epwk;> gwit> tpyq;F> Nfhop> G+id>
kPd;fs;>
fjputd;>
fhw;W>
thD}h;jp>
fbfhuk;>
Fil>
nrUg;G>
khl;Ltz;b>
tpisahl;L> ghl;b> ghg;gh Kjyhd md;whlk; ek; fz;zpy; fhZk; nghUisfisf;
Foe;ijfSf;F epidT+l;bg; ghly;fis vOjpAs;shh;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ghtyNuW
mth;fs;
vOjpAs;s
koiyg;
ghly;fspy;
nghUj;jkhd
ahg;gikg;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;. rpWth;fs; tpUk;Gk; Xir mth;jk; ghly;fspy;
vq;Fk;
xypf;fpd;wd.
tifAspfs;
fLQ;nrhw;fisf; fhz Kbatpy;iy.
,y;yhky;
,Ug;gJ
ngUQ;rpwg;G>
gps;isfSf;F mwpKfkhd nrhw;fNs
ghly;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
mk;kh kpfTk; ey;yts;!
Ml;bj; J}q;fr; nra;jts;!
,isf;ff; fz;L mOjts;!
<ia Xl;b epd;wts;!
cof;F nea;iar; Nrhw;wpNy>
Cw;wpg; gpire;J nfhLj;jts;!
vLj;Jj; J}f;fp mizj;jts;!
Viz fl;bg; Nghl;lts;!
Iad; mg;gd; vd;wts;!
xsitf; fijiar; nrhd;dts;!
xg;gidfs; nra;jts;!
Xah njd;idf; fhg;gts;! (gs;sp.g11)
vd;Dk; ghlypy; jhapd; ghrk; ed;F gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
xNu nghUis
Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp> gpw nra;jpfis Eiof;fhky; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; ghbAs;sik
mth;jk;
fw;gidahw;wiyAk;>
epidthw;wiyAk;
Ez;Nzhh;fF
; j;
jpwidAk;
nka;g;gpf;Fk;.
Foe;ij:
Foe;ij vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;.
Foe;ij ,yf;fpak;
foff; fhyj;jpYk; cz;L Cop Copaha; tsUk; khe;jh; rKjhaj;jpd; mbA+w;whff;
fpsh;e;njOk; Foe;ij czh;Tfs; vd;Wk; mope;J Nghfhky; xt;nthU khe;j
cs;sj;jpd; mbj;jsj;jpYk; glh;e;J fplf;fpd;wd. mit mtidr; nrOnrOg;ghf;fp
tsur; nra;fpd;wd; thor; nra;fpd;wd; kfpor; nra;fpd;wd; kq;fhky; vd;nwd;Wk;
epiyepw;fr; nra;fpd;wd> Foe;ij kde;jhd; nfhOik kdk;! khe;jj;jpw;F Ntz;ba
fU kdk;! Mdhy; cyf tpidntg;gj;jpy; mk;kdk; fha;e;J> fUfp> cye;J> cjph;e;J
tpLfpd;wJ!
mij
mg;nghOijf;fg;nghOJ
czh;T
ePUw;wp
cyuhky;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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iktj;Jf;nfhs;s
,yf;fpaq;fs;
cjTfpd;wd.
Foe;ij
,yf;fpaq;fNsh>
KisiaAk; rhk;gptplhky; ,iyiaAk; fUtplhky; fhj;J epw;fg; gad;gLgit.
gs;spf;Fg; gwf;fhj FQ;RfSf;Fk;> gs;spf;Fg; gwe;J nry;Yk; gwitfSf;Fk;
gs;spg;gwitfs; vd;w ghliy vOjpAs;sJ rpwg;gpw;FhpaJ.
Foe;ij ,q;Nf th!
nfhQ;rp Kj;jk; jh!
ghYQ;NrhW cz;Z!
gj;J tiuapy; vz;Z!
m M , < vd;Nw
mg;gh te;jhy; nrhy;Y!
gl;Lr; rl;il ijg;ghh;t!
gjf;fk; thq;fp itg;ghh;!
Kj;Jg; gy;iyf; fhl;L!
Kd;dq; ifia ePl;L!
Nrhw;iw thapy; NghL!
Ritaha;g; ghb ML!
vd;W mike;J Foe;ijfspd; nray;fshd Kj;Jk; jUtJ> ghy;NrhW cz;ZtJ>
xd;W> ,uz;L vd;Dk; vz; thpir mwpKfk;.
mfuthpit mwpKfk;> gl;lhil
mzpjy; gy;fhl;b eifg;gJ vd;W ,tw;iw xNu Nfhh;itg;glj; njhlh;Gg;gLj;jpg;
ghbAs;sik
mthpd;
jhAs;sk;
fhl;Lk;
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;
mth;fs;
jkpo;fF
; oe;ijfs; ey;yth;fshfTk;> ty;yth;fshfTk; tsuNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk;
nfhz;lth;. vdNt mwpTiu nrhy;Yk; Nghf;fpy; rpy ghly;fis mikj;Js;shh;.
jpUf;Fws; gw;wpf; $Wk; nra;jpfs;:
nghpa th;f;Fg; nghpa E}y;!
rpwpa th;f;Nfhh; mhpaE}y;!
chpa th;f;Fk; chpaE}y;!
cyfpy; ahh;f;Fk; cah;e;j E}y;!
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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vd;W
jpUf;Fwis
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
fy;tp>
nrhy;td;ik>
gzpT>
tpUe;J>
nghiwAilik> njhpe;J nray;tif> xOf;fKilik vd;Dk; gj;J mjpfhuq;fspd;
nra;jpfisr; RUf;fkhf
fw;f! fw;f! fw;f!
fw;gd tw;iwf; fw;w topapy;
epw;f! epw;f! epw;f!
nrhy;f! nrhy;f! nrhy;f!
nrhy;YQ; nrhy;yhy; kw;wth; nrhy;iy
nty;f! nty;f! nty;f!
vd;W ghbAs;sik mth;jk; jpUf;Fws; gw;iwf; fhl;LfpwJ.
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; ghly;fspy; cs;s El;gq;fs;:
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; jk; ghly;fs; rpwg;Gld; mikag; gy;NtW El;gq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.
ctik fhl;ly;> tpdhtpil mikg;gpy; jUtJ> ciuahly;
Kiw> fijnrhy;yp tpsf;fy;> Fk;kp> fhtbrpe;J mikg;Gfisg; gad;gLj;jy; vd;w
Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;jpj; jk; koiyg;ghly;fis cUthf;fpAs;shh;.
rpwg;ig tpdhtpil mikg;gpy; ghtyNuW rpwg;ghfg; ghbAs;shh;.
nghOJ mofpa
md;idapd;
mt;thW ghLk;
ctikfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ mthpd; ,ay;ghFk;.
NkYk;
tpdhtpil mikg;gpy; nra;jpfisr; nrhy;Yk;nghOJ Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpf; Nfl;Fk;
ghly; ntw;wpngWk; koiyAs;sk; nhz;l koiyAzh;T Ghpe;j ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;
,t;Tj;jpia md;id vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ghbAs;s ghlypy; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.
tpdh tpil mikg;G:
cd;idf;nfhz;L te;Nj> ,t;
cyfpy; tpl;lJ ahh; nrhy;?
md;id! md;id! md;id!-vd;
md;id! md;id! md;id!
fz;izg;Nghy cd;idNa
fhj;J tUtJ ahh; nrhy;?
md;id! md;id! md;id!-vd;
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md;id! md;id! md;id!
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; tpdhtpil mikg;igg; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.
ctik:
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;
rpWth;ghly;fspy;
mofpa
ctikfs;
ctikfisg;
cWj;jhky;
,Uf;f
gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.
Ntz;Lk;.
mt;TikAk;
fhl;rpg;GhpjYf;Fj; Jiz nra;a Ntz;Lk;. jk; fw;gidiaf; fhl;Ltijtpl koiy
neQ;rk; fhl;rpiag; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sj;jf;f vspa ctikfisg; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;
gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;.
‘fz;izg; Nghy cd;idNa
fhj;JtUtJ ahh;nrhy;?’ vdTk;
‘vz;nza; ,l;l tpsf;Fg;Nghy;
,utpy; fhj;jJ ahh;nrhy;?’
vdTk; tUk; ghlybfs; ,jidf; fhl;Lk;.
ciuahLk;
,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.
mikg;gpYk;
gy
ghly;fs;
gw;wpg;gwitfs;
E}ypy;
FilAk;> nrUg;Gk;> rpw;nwUk;G> cly; cWg;Gf;fspd; rz;il
vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; tiue;Js;s ghly;fs; ,jw;Fr; rhd;whFk;.
cly; cWg;G:
ciuahly;
mikg;gpy;
cly;
cWg;Gfs;
xd;iwnahd;W
rz;ilapl;Lf;nfhs;StJ Nghd;w ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; ghly; rpwe;j ghlyhFk;.
cly; cWg;Gfs; Ngr KbAkh? vd tpdtpf; Nfl;f Kbahjgb Foe;ijfspd;
cs;sj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpAz;lhFk;gb ,g;ghliy vOjpAs;shh;.
xt;nthU cWg;GfSk;
jhNk nghpath; vd;W thjpLtjhf ,g;ghly; cs;sJ. xt;nthU cWg;GfSk; jhNk
nghpath; vd;W thjpLtjhf vLj;Jiug;gjhf ,g;ghly; cs;s.
mt;tifapy; fhy;>
if> fz;> tha;> %f;F> %is Mfpad jhNk ngUikfis epiyehl;l Kide;J
njhlh;e;J
Fuy;nfhLj;jd
vd;W
Ritg;gl
vOJk;
Mrphpah;
filrpahff;
fw;gidapd; tpspk;gpw;Nf nrd;W ghl;ilg; gpd;tUkhW RitAilajhf;fpAs;shh;.
fhy; if jsh;e;jJ! twz;lJ tha;!
fz; ,Uz;lJ! caph; jpzwpaJ!
%is fyq;Fk; tifahf
%z;lJ jPg;grp tapw;Ws;Ns!
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grpahy; tapW NgrpaJ;
‘grp’ vdf; Nfl;lhy; md;NghL
‘Grp’ vd;ghNd nghpatdhk;!
‘Ngh’ vd;ghNd rpwpatdhk;!
vd cly; cWg;Gfisg; gw;wp NgrpAs;shh;.
mwptpay; nra;jp:
mwptpay; nra;jpfis vspaeilapy; gbg;gth; cs;sk; nfhs;Sk; tifapy;
ghLtjpy; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; ty;yth;.
‘epytpy; khe;jh;’ khe;jh; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;
,th; tiue;j ghly; Fwpf;fj;jf;f xd;whFk;.
nghpa> tphpe;j nra;jpfis vspa
nrhw;fisf;nfhz;L ePNuhl;lkhfr; nrhy;Yk; Nghf;ifg; gpd;tUk; ghlypy; fhzyhk;.
khe;jh; %th; gwe;jdh;
thdk; Nehf;fpf; nrd;wdh;
fhe;jg; gug;igf; fle;jdh;;
ftpd;epyhtpy; Fjpj;jdh;! ….
Fjpj;J ele;J nrd;wdh;>
Fdpe;J epkph;e;J ghh;j;jdh;;
Gjpa jiuapy; cytpdh;!
Gifg;glq;fs; gpbj;jdh;!
fhw;wpy; yhj igfspy;
fy;Yk; kz;Zk; epug;gpdh;!
Ntw;Nwhh; cyfj; jiuapNy
ntw;wpf; nfhbia ehl;bdh;!....
thdpy; gwe;j %tUk;
te;J flypy; Fjpj;jdh;!
ehDk; ePAk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;;
ehl;Lf;nfd;d nra;fpNwhk;?
epytpy; fhy; gjpj;j khe;jdpd; nray;fis Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
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jkpo;gg
; w;W:
gs;sp nry;Yk; gUtk; nfhz;l koiyr; nry;tq;fSf;Fg; gad;gLk; tz;zk;
gs;spg;gwitapd;
,uz;lhk;
gFjpapy;
mike;Js;s
ghly;fs;
cs;sd.
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; jkpo;nkhop> ,dk;> ehL fhf;Fk; ,isQh;fSf;Fg; gad;gLk;
tz;zk; ,g;ghly;fisg; Gide;Js;shh;.
gy;NtW R+oy;fspy; vOjg; ngw;Wj;
njhFf;fg;gl;lhYk; ,g;ghly;fSf;F ,ilNa Xh; xw;Wik czh;T CL ghthf
cs;sik Gydhfpd;wJ. czh;tw;Wj; J}q;Fk; jkpopdj;ij mbj;J vOg;Gk;tz;zk;
‘vO jk;gp’ vd;Dk; ghliyg; ghbAs;shh;. ,g;ghlypy; ,Jtiu mikjpahf ,Ue;jJ
NghJk; vdTk; jkpo;eyk; fhf;f vOf vdTk; Ntz;Lfpwhh;.
mt;thW jl;bnaOg;Gk; ghlypy; gok;ngUikiag; gl;baypl;Lf; fhl;bAs;shh;.
jkpoh;fs; czh;Tngw mth;jk; gz;ila E}y;fs; fw;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; Ntl;if.
,Jtiu gadw;w ntl;bg; Ngr;rpYk; tPz; Muthur;
nray;fspYk; <Lgl;bUe;j ,isQh;fs; mwptpay;> tpz;zpay; Jiwfspy; ftdk;
nrYj;jNtz;Lk; vdTk; rhjpNtWghLfs; $lhJ vdTk; fz;bf;fpd;whh;.
rhjpa
NtWghLfshy; jkpopdk; rpije;jij epidT+l;bj; jkpo; kf;fis xd;W$l;b topfhl;bj; jkpodj;jpw;Fj; jiyik Vw;Fk;gb ,isQh;fis Ntz;Lfpwhh;.
gs;spg;gwitfs;
E}ypy;
tho;j;Jg;ghly; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;
Gfo;ngw;w
jkpo;j;jha;
jkpiog; gy;NtW milnkhopfspy; tpspj;Jg;
Nghw;Wk; ghtyNuW mth;fs; gz;ila tuyhw;Wg; ngUikfis vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;.
flw;NfhSf;F Ke;jpapUe;j jkpof epiyapid> jkpo; ,yf;fpa nrOikia>
md;id nkhopNa!
mofhh;e;j nre;jkpNo!
Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id
Kfpo;j;j eWq;fdpNa!
fd;dpf; Fkhpf;
fly;nfhz;l ehl;bilapy;
kd;dp murpUe;j
kz;Zyfg; NguuNr!....
vdj; njhlq;Qk; ,g;ghly; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;jhff; nfhz;L xt;nthU NkilapYk;
Nghw;wpg; ghLk; ngUikf;F chpajhf cs;sJ.
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jkpo;fF
; k;;gp
vd;Dk;
jiyg;gpy;
Fk;kpaikg;gpy;
ngUq;rpj;jpudhh;
jkpo;r;
rpwg;igg; ngz;fs; Fk;kpabj;Jg; ghLtjhfg; ghbAs;shh;. ,jpy; jkpopd; njhd;ikr;
rpwg;G> ,yf;fzr;rpwg;G> mwE}y; rpwg;G> fhg;gpar; rpwg;G ,tw;iwg; ngz;fs;
ghLtjhfg; ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gwit> tpyq;Ffisf; fhl;bg; ghtyNuW ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; khzth;fSf;F
ew;gz;Gfis Cl;Lk;gb gy ghly;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. gwit> tpyq;Ffisg; ghh;
vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; vOjpa ghlypy; xt;nthU tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfsplk; ,Uf;fk;
ew;gz;GfisAk;
jPa
gz;GfisAk;
epidT+l;bg;
ghLfpwhh;.
vLj;Jf;nfhz;L my;ytw;iw tpLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;.
ey;ytw;iw
,g;ghlypy; mofpa
fw;gid eaKk; Ez;Nzhf;F cs;sKk; cyfpay; mwpTk; ntspg;gl;L epw;fpd;wd.
jkpo;nkhopapd;
rpwg;gpidg;
gyglg;
Gfo;e;J
NgRk;
khzth;fs; Mq;fpy nkhopiaAk; fw;fNtz;Lk; vd;fpd;whh;.
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;
jkpOk; Mq;fpyKk;
jtwhJ fw;gha; vdj; jiyg;gpl;L vOjpa ghlypy;>
‘Mq;fpy nkhopahy; mwptpay; Njuyhk;
tPq;FePh; cyfpy; ahq;fZk; cytyhk;’
vdg;ghLtjhy; ,jid mwpayhk;.
ve;j
E}y;fisg;
gbf;fNtz;Lk;
vth;
Ngr;irf;
Nfl;fNtz;Lk;
vd;W
vr;rhpf;if nra;J ghbAs;shh;. cyfpy; fhzg;gLk; Nghypfis milahsk; fz;L
cz;ikapd; ngUikia ,g;ghlypy; cuf;fg; ghbAs;shh;.
gs;spg; gps;isfSf;Fg;
gad;gLK; E}yhf ,J miktNjhL epy;yhky; gy;Nt nka;k;ktpay; thpfSk;
,e;E}ypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.
‘NjwpNahh; ahtUk; jpwNyhh; my;yh;;
Njhw;Nwhh; ahtUk; mwptpyhh; my;yh;’
‘tpbag; gbj;jtd; ntw;wpiag; ngw;whd;
tpbe;Jk; J}q;fpNahd; Njh;tpdpy; tpopj;jhd;’
‘ntd;whh; ahtUk; nrUf;ftk; Ntz;lh
Njhw;whh; ahtUk; JtsTk; Ntz;lh’
jkpo; czh;T+l;Lk; ghly;fisg; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fpy; gilj;j ngUQ;rpj;j;pudhh;
gs;spg;gps;isfs; gad;ngWk; tz;zKk; gy;NtW ghly;fisg; gilj;Js;shh;.
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fhdy; thpah? fz;zPh; thpah?
,f;fhy
,yf;fpa
tsh;r;rpapy;
jpwdha;Tk;
Xh;
,yf;fpa
tifahff;
,t;tifapy; ghtyh; kzp M.godp vd;ghh; vOjpa ‘fhdy;
nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
thpah? fz;zPh; thpah?’ ghlkhf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
E}iyg;
gbf;f
jpwdha;T El;gkhfr;
Njitapy;yhjthW
ghlk;
tpsf;fkhf
vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nfhtyd; ,ay;G
Kd;Diu:
Muha;r;rp vd;gJ xU iftpsf;F Nghfg; Nghfj;jhd; mJ topfhl;bf;
nfhz;Nl
nry;Yk;.
KjNyNa
midj;Jk;
Gyg;gl;L
tplhJ
vd;gJ
Ma;Tj;Jiwapdh;. ghtyh; kzp M.godp mth;fs; fhdy; thp vdr; rpyk;gpy; tUk;
fUj;Jr; Ruq;fj;jpw;F> ,e;E}iy mj;jifanjhU iftpsf;fhfg; gilj;Js;shh;.
gbg;gbahf tpthjg; Nghf;fpy; mike;Js;s ,t; Ma;Tiu> ,Jtiug; GydhfhjpUe;j
gy cz;ikfisg; Gyg;gLj;j Kay;fpwJ.
1. R+oYk; ,ay;Gk;
Nfhtydpd; R+oy;
Nfhtyd;
Gfhh;
efuj;jpy;
ngUtzpfd;
khrhj;Jthdpd;
xNj
kfd;.
fiyfspd; fiu fz;ltd;; ,sikAk; moFk; xUq;F $ba Njhw;wg; ngh-tpdd;;
<by;yhr; nry;t tsk;> mstpyhf; fiy czh;T> KUfid xj;j moF> xNu kfd;
vd;w kjh;g;G Mfpa ,e;ehd;Fk; xd;W $bdhy; xUtd; vd;d Mthd;? vd;d
Mthd; Nfhtyd; Mthd; vd;W nrhy;yj;jf;f msTf;Ff; fhtphpg; G+k;gl;bdk;
fspahl;lf; fskhf mtDf;F ,Ue;jJ. nry;th; ,y;yj;Jg; gps;isfSk;> Fuy;tha;g;
ghzUk;> efug; guj;jUk;> eifahbr; rq;fkpf;Fk; flyhfg; G+k;Gfhh; tpsq;fpAs;sJ.
guj;ijah;
thOk;
njUf;fspy;
,uT
vd;gNj
,y;iy.
mq;Nf
kd;kjdpd;
Mizr;rf;fuk; tPNuhL Rod;W nfhz;bUe;jJ.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Jbg;gtd;’ vdyhk;. Nfhtydpd; mtrug;gLk; fhk czh;T cilatd; kl;Lky;yd;>
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,d;gj;jpy; Mo;j;Jk; ,sNtdpy; ,sturdhf cs;shd;.
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Neh;e;jJ. Vd; jfhj nkhopfspy; NgRfpd;wha; eP ,t;thW $Wjy; Kiwad;W’ vd;W
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mg;gbahdhy; kJiu
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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jd; kd cWjpapy; ek;gpf;if mw;wtd;
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Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Vkk; rhuh ,Lk;ig va;jpdhh;
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NkNy fhl;bAs;s ghl-y; tUk; rpy gFjpfs;> Nfhtydpd; me;juq;f tho;f;ifiaf;
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Nfhtyd; jhd; Cbdhd;:
NfhtyDila
tpag;G+l;Lfpd;wJ.
gh-ay;
tf;fpuk;
gw;wpa
,d;ndhU
nra;jp
,d;Dk;
Cly; jhd; ,d;gj;ij kpFtpg;gJk;;; Clyw;w Ja;g;G cg;Gr;
rg;gw;wJ vd;ghh; jpUts;Sth;.
Mdhy; NfhtyDf;F ClNy gpbf;fhJ.
kfsph;
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CLtJ
mwNt
mtDf;Fg;
gpbf;fhJ.
mtd;
Ntz;Lkhdhy;
CLthd;.
mg;nghOJ mts; Cliyj; jzpj;Jf; $l Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> mts; CLUtjw;F
mtd; mDkjpg;gJ ,y;iy vd;W njhpfpwJ.
,jid fz;zfp> khjtp Mfpa
,Uthplj;JNk mtd; iff; nfhz;L tho;e;jhd; vd;gJ mwpag;gLfpd;wJ.
fz;zfpNahL Cly; ,y;iy:
fz;zfp
Nfhtyd;
tho;f;ifapy;
Cly;
epfo;e;jjhf
mbfs;
vq;FNk
$wtpy;iy. Mdhy; khjtpAld; tho;e;j tho;tpy; Cly; epfo;rr
; p ,lk; ngWfpd;wJ.
fz;zfpiaj; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy; mtd; ,Oj;j
,Og;gpw;F mts; cld;gl;L ele;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ehshf ehshf>
‘mwNthh;fF
; mspj;jYk;> me;jzh; Xk;gYk;
JwNthh;f;F vjph;jYk; njhy;Nthh; rpwg;gpd;
tpUe;njjph; NfhlYk;”
Mfpa ,y;ywf; flikfshy;> Nfhtyd; epidj;j Nghnjy;yhk; $bf;fytpf;F
,ayhJ NghapUf;Fk;.
,d;gk; Efuj; jilapUf;Fkhdhy; tUj;jk; nfhs;tJ
Nfhtyd; ,ay;G. ,e;j tUj;jk; Clyhf cUntLj;jpUf;fyhk;. fz;zfp> mts;
Cliyj; jzpf;fk; Kaw;rpapy; <LglhJ ,y;yhwj; flikfspy; <Lgl;bUg;ghs;
NghYk;.
khjtp Cbdhs;:
khjtpf;F ,y;ywf; flikfs; VJk; ,y;iy MfNt> Nfhtyd; Ntl;iff;F
XusT <L nfhLf;fpwhs;. Nfhtyid kpfj; njspthfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;ltSk; mts;
jhd;> Cbdhy; XbtpLthd; vd;gij gl;Lj; njspe;jts; mts;.
‘ehfps Kj;jpd; eifeyk; fhl;b
tUnfd te;J Nghnfdg; Nghfpa
fLneLq; fz;zp fhz;thpf; NfhyKk;”
vd;Dk; gFjp NfhtyDk;> khjtpAk; kfpo;r;rpahf tho;e;j nra;jpiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
mtd; tUf vd;wioj;jNghJ te;jhshk;; Ngh vdr; nrhd;dNghJ Nghdhshk;.
,g;gbf; nfhQ;rfhyk; fope;jpUf;Fk; NghYk; tpiutpy; khjtpapd; Cly; tUfpwJ.
tUf vd te;J> Ngh vdg; Nghfpatshf mts; elthky;> fpsp Nghd;w ,dpa nkhop
Ngrhky; md;deil elthky;> kapy; Nghd;w rhaiyf; fhl;lhky; midj;ijAk;
kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L Cbdhs; vd;fpwhs;.
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Cly; czutpy;iyNa:
jpUts;Sth;> ‘Cbatiu czuhik thba ts;sp Kjyhpe;jw;W’ vd;gh;.
Cbathpd; Cliyj; jzptpj;Jf; $lhJ nry;tJ> ePhpd;wp thbf; fplf;Fk; ts;spf;
nfhbia mbNahL mWg;gJ Nghd;wjhk;> Cl-d; cr;repiyapy; ,Ue;j khjtpapd;
Cliyj; jzpf;fhJ> ts;spf;nfhbia KjNyhhptJ Nghy> khjtpapd; md;ghk;
nfhbia mbNahL mWj;Jr; nry;fpd;whd;.
gpd;dh;jhd; khjtpf;Fg; Ghpfpd;wJ
Nfhtyd; fpisfl;Fj; jd;Dila Jauj;ij vy;yhk; vLj;Jf; $wp mtidj;
jd;dpyj;jpw;F mioj;J tUkhW Ntz;bdhs;.
NkYk; gyKiw Ntz;bajd;
gadhf ,ilahshpd; cjtpNahL Nfhtyd; khjtpapd; ,y;yj;ij te;jile;jhd;.
khjtp CLtjpy;iy vd KbT nra;jhs;:;
tho;f;ifapy; xNunahUKiw nfhz;l Cly; khjtpapd; tho;fi
; fiaNa
eufkhf;fptpLk; Nghy; Mfptpl;lJ.
MfNt> md;Nw mts; xU Kbtpw;F te;J
tpl;lhs;. ‘,dpNky; ,d;gj;ij kpFtpf;Fk; nghUl;L NfhtyNdhL CLtjpy;iy”
vd;gNj mJ.
‘$lYk; ClYk; Nfhtyw;fspj;J”
‘fytpAk; GytpAk; fhjyw;fspj;J”
vd;w
njhlh;fshy;
,jid
mwpayhk;.
$Lfpd;w
chpikiaAk;
CLfpd;w
chp[ikiaAk; NfhtyDf;Nf mspj;J tpl;lhs;.
6. mwpKfj;jpy; xU nra;jp:
kfsph; Maj;jpy; Nfhtyd;:
Fiwah clw;grp; ,ay;gyh xOf;fk;> cs;stNd Nfhtyd; vd;gij mtidj;
njhlf;fj;jpy; mwpKfk; nra;Ak; nghOJ Rl;bf; fhl;b tpLfpd;wdh; ,sq;Nfh.
‘kz;Nja;j;j Gfopdhs;> kjpKf klthh;jk;
gz;Nja;j;j nkhopapdh; Maj;jg; ghuhl;b”
Nfhtyidr; Rw;wpYk; ,sk;ngz;fspd; $l;lk; ,Ue;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
mf;$l;lk;> mtid vg;NghJk; ghuhl;bf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ.
$Wtjw;F
mtd;
chpikAilatdhf
tpsq;fpdhd;.
mt;thW Vj;jpf;
vg;nghOJk;
kfsph;
$l;lj;NjhL $w;wpj;jphpAk; ,ay;Gs;std; Nfhtyd;.
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fl;Lg;ghlw;w thof;ifad;:
jpUkzj;jpw;f Kd;Ng fl;Lg;ghlw;w tho;fi
; f tho;e;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gJ
njhpfpd;wJ.
,g;gbr; Rww;wpj;jphpe;j Rje;jpuid ,y;ywk; vd;w fz;zfpapd;
fl;Lf;Fs;Sk; milf;f Kbatpy;iy.
milf;f Kbatpy;iy.
rKjhaj;jpy;
fiytho;T vd;w khjtpapd; fl;Lf;Fs;Sk;
MZf;F Kjd;ikAk;> ngz;zbikj; jdKk; kpFe;j
fz;zfpf;F
Kjd;ik
nfhLj;J
Kjyhtjhf
mtis
mwpKfg;gLj;JtJ $lf; NfhtyDila FiwghL fUjpj; jhd; NghYk;.
7. ryk;Gzh; nfhs;ifr; ryjp:
gopia gpwh; Nky; Rkj;Jgtd;:
rpdk; te;J tpl;lhy; ve;jg; gopiaAk; ahh; kPJk; Rkj;jptpl;Lj; jg;gpj;Jf;
nfhs;Sk; ,ay;gpdd; mtd;.
fhdy; thpg;ghlYf;Fg; gpd; khjtpia tpl;L
ntspNawp te;jNghJ ,Ue;j rpWNfhgk; Neuk; nry;yr; nry;y mjpfkhfpf; nfhz;Nl
Nghfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapy; khjtpapd; Klq;fiy tae;jkhiy nfhz;L tUfpd;whs;.
khjtpia kdk; NghdthW gopj;Jg; Ngrp Klq;fiy thq;fpf; nfhs;shkNyNa jpUg;gp
mDg;gp tpLfpd;whd;.
twpatdhdhd;:
tae;j
khiyiaj;
jpUg;gpaDg;gpa
gpwF
mtDila
tsh;e;jpUf;Fk; NghYk;> fz;zfpia ehb tUfpd;whd;.
rpdk;
,d;Dk;
t;ejtd; fz;zfpapd;
thba Nkdpiaf; fz;L tUj;jk; nfhs;fpwhd;. me;j tUj;jk; mtDila rpdj;ij
NkYk; tsh;j;jJ NghYk;.
‘ryk;Gzh; nfhs;ifr; ryjpNah lhbf;
Fyk;jU thd;nghUs; Fd;wk; njhiye;j
,yk;ghL ehZj;jUk; vdf;F”
vd;W NgRfpd;whd;.
ngha;iaNa nka;ahff; nfhz;nlhOFk; mg;ngha; kfNshL
(khjtp) Mbajdhy;> Fyj;jpdh; njhFj;Jj; je;j ngUQ;nry;tk; njhiye;jJ;
,jdhy; te;j tWik vdf;F ehzj;ijj; jUfpd;wJ vd;fpwhd;.
cz;ikapy;
khtpf;fhfNt
vy;yhg;
nghUisAK;
Nfhtyd;
nrytopj;jhdh?
,J
cz;ikapy;iy vd;gNj gjpy;.
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Nfhtyd; tWikf;F khjtp fhuzkh?
xUtd;
tWikailtjw;f
nghUsPl;lhjpUg;gJ.
,Ug;gJ.
,uz;L
fhuzq;fs;
cs;sd.
xd;W
,d;ndhd;W tUtha;fF
;
Nky; nryT nra;J nfhz;Nl
Nfhtyd;
nghUsPl;bdhd; vd;W ,sq;Nfh vq;FNk $wtpy;iy.
nghUsPl;lhjtd; twpadhtJ xd;Wk; GJikapy;iy. Mf ,td; tWikapy; rhpghjp
nghUsPl;lhikahy; te;jJ vd;gNj cz;ik.
vQ;rpa ,d;ndhU ghjp tWik>
nrytopj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jjdhy; te;jJ.
nrytopj;jjdhy; te;j tWik
KOtJkhtJ khjtpahy; epfo;e;jjh? mijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.
Nfhtyd; nra;j nryTfs; gy:
1. fz;Nlj;Jk; nrt;Nts; vd;W ghuhl;bj; jphpAk; xU kfsph;$l;lk; mtid
vg;nghOJk; Rw;wp te;J nfhz;bUe;jNj> mf;$l;lj;jpw;F ,td; nryT
nra;ahky; ,Ue;jpUg;ghNdh?
2. eifahL
Maj;jhh;>
Fuy;tha;g;ghzh;>
efu
khe;jh;
,tNuhnly;yhk;
ehs;NjhWk; $w;wpj; jphpgtd; Nfhtyd;> ,td; kl;Lk; mth;fSf;nfy;yhk;
nghUs; toq;fhjpUg;gpd;> kWehNw ,td; jd;de;jdpahf MfpapUg;ghd;.
mg;gbnad;why;>
mth;fSf;fhf
mtd;
vt;tsT
nghUs;
nryT
nra;jpUg;ghd;?
3. kzpNkfiy gpwe;j mzp Nkfiyahh; Mapuk; fzpifah; kzpNkfiy
vdg; ngahpl;L tho;j;jpaNghJ>
‘kq;fyk; re;ij khjtp jd;NdhL
nrk;nghd; khhp nrq;ifapd; nghope;jhd;”
kio Nghy my;yth nghd;idg; nghope;jpUf;fpwhd;.
md;W vt;tsT nghUs;
nrythapw;Nwh? fPhpiaf; nfhd;w ghh;g;gdpapd; Jauj;ijj; jPhg
; ;gjw;fhfj; jhdk;
nra;Js;shd;.
fhL nrd;w mtd; fztid mioj;J te;j njhiyahj ngUk;
nghUisf; nfhLj;jJ> mth;fs; tho;f;ifia tsg;gLj;jpAs;shd;.
,jw;Fr;
nrytplg;gl;l njhif vt;tsT?
ngha;ff
; hhp nrhd;d xUtidg; G+jk; miwe;J nfhy;y; mtDila Rw;wj;jhiuak;>
mth;fNshL njhlh;Gilath;fisAk; mioj;J Xuhz;Lf;F my;y> gy Mz;Lfhyk;
ghJfhj;Js;shd;.
gy
Mz;Lfhyk;
Rw;wj;jhiunay;yhk;
Guf;f>
vt;tsT
nrythapw;Nwh?
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4. NfhtyDila
,y;yk;
kpfg;nghpa
tskid>
vuhskhf
Vtyh;fs;>
gzpg;ngz;fs;> fhtyh;fs; vd xU nghpa $l;lNk mq;F ,Ue;jJ; ,it
jtpuf;
Nfhtydpd;
epahakhd
NtW
nghUl;
nryTfs;.
,it
nryntd;why;> tWik te;jjw;fhd fhuzq;fspy; ,itAk; Nrh;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;bait jhk;.
5. khjtpapd; nghUl;Lk;> mtSila tpUg;gq;fis epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;
vd;W Ntl;ifapdhYk; nghUl;nryT epfo;e;Nj ,Uf;Fk;. me;jr; nryT
khjtpahy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;ljh? NfhtyNd tpUk;gpr; nra;jjh? vd;why;
NfhtyNd tpUk;gpr; nra;jNj MFk;.
Vnddpy; khjtp jd;Dila
ngUQ;nry;tj;ijg; Nghjpapd; fPo; khjth; Kd; Gz;zpak; nra;jts;
Mfpwhs;. MfNt> nry;tj;ijg; gwpf;Fk; vz;zk; khjtpf;F ,Ue;jpUf;f
KbahJ.
khtpf;Fr; nry;tk; Njitapy;iy:
kw;Wk; xU nra;jp khjtp> nghUs; tUtha;ff
; hff; NfhtiyNa ek;gpapUf;f
Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy.
Vnddpy; ehs;NjhWk; Mapuj;njl;Lf; foQ;R nghd;
tUthAila jiyf;Nfhy; mhpit vd;w jFjpiaAk; ngw;wts;.
mtSf;Nf
ngUQ;nry;tk; ,Uf;fpd;w NghJ> NfhtyDila nry;tj;ijg; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;s
Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy.
khjtpiar; ‘ryk; Gzh; nfhs;ifr;ryjp’ vd;W Jzpe;J> mjdhy; te;j
rpdj;jpdhy; jhd; NtW topfspy; nryT nra;J tWikAw;wij vy;yhk; khjtpapd;
jiyapNy Rkj;Jfpd;whd;. vdNt rpdk; te;jhy;> jd; gopiaAk; gpwh; kPJ Rkj;jj;
jaq;fhj kdk; cilats; Nfhtyd; vd;gJ njspthFk;.
8. gok; gpwg;Gr; nra;jp:
f-q;fehl;by; rpq;fGuk;> fgpyGuk; vd;W ,uz;L ehLfs;.
,U ehl;ilAk;
jhaNte;jh; ,Uth; Mz;L te;jdh;.
rpq;fGuj;ij tR vd;gtDk;> fgpyGuj;ijf;
Fkud; vd;gtDk; Mz;L te;jdh;.
,UtUf;Fk; gif %sNt> Nghh; epfo;e;jJ.
vdNt> ,U ehl;bw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s MW fhtjg;gug;gpw;F ahUk; nry;tjpy;iy.
fgpyGuj;jpYs;s
rq;fkd;
vd;w
thzpfd;
nghUsPl;Lk;
nghUl;L
mzpfyd;fs; gy Rke;J nfhz;L> jd; kidtp eP-iaAk; cldioj;Jf; nfhz;L>
rpq;fGuj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whd;.
filtPjpapy; nrd;W nghUis tpw;f Kad;whd;.
mg;nghOJ mur fUkk; nra;gtdhfpa gujd; vd;gtd; tpujk; ePq;fpa ntWg;gpdd;.
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Mj-d; rq;fkid murdplk; mioj;Jr; nrd;W> fgpyGuj;J xw;wd; vd;W ngha;
nrhy;Yfpd;whd;.
,jdhy; rq;fkd; nfhiyj; jz;lid mioe;jhd;.
,oe;j eP-> mOJ jphpe;J mite;jhd;.
fztid
fztid ,oe;j eP-> mOJ jphpe;J
gjpdhd;fhk; ehs; xU kiy kPJ Vwp epd;W vdf;F ,j;Jd;gj;ijr; nra;tpj;Njhh;
,j;Jd;gj;ij milthh;fs; vdr; nrhy;-r; rhgkpl;L kiykPjpUe;J tpOe;J caph;
Jwe;jhs;.
ngha;r;
nrhy;-r;
Nfhtydhfg; gpwe;Js;shd;.
rq;fkidf;
nfhy;tpj;j
gujNd>
,g;gpwg;gpy;
eP- ,l;l rhgj;jpd;gb Nfhtyd; nghw; nfhy;ydhy;
nfhy;tpf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W gioa rhg tuyhW $WfpwJ.
mDkhdpf;ff; $bait:
,g;gFjpfs; tpsf;fkhf mikatpy;iy.
gujd; rq;fkDf;Fk; nfhiyj;
jz;lid thq;fpf; nfhLf;f vd;d fhuzk; vd;gJ tpsf;fg;gltpy;iy. gujd; vd;W
Fwpg;gplg;gLtjdhy;
mtd;
,Ue;jpUg;ghd; NghYk;.
te;jpUf;fyhk;.
murfUkk;
nra;gtdhfTk;>
tzpfdhfTk;
tzpfdhfpa gujdplk;> mzpfyd;fis tpw;fr; rq;fkd;
te;jtd;> gifehl;ilr; Nrh;e;jtd; vd;W gujd; mwpe;jpUf;fyhk;.
vdNt> mzpfyd;fisf; Fiwe;j tpiyf;Ff; Nfl;bUf;fyhk;. tpiyf;Fj;ju mtd;
,irahikahy;> kd;ddplk; nrd;W ,td; xw;wd; vdf;$wp> mtDf;Ff; nfhiy
jz;lid
ngw;Wf;
nfhLj;jpUf;fyhk;.
ehk;
,jid
mDkhdpj;Jj;
jhd;
mwpfpNwhk;.
tpujk; ePq;fpa ntWg;gpdd;:
gujdpd; Fz ,ay;ig tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lk; njhlh; tpujk; ePq;fpa ntWg;gpdd;
vd;gJ jhd;.
tpUg;gk; epiwNtwhj NghJ ntWg;Gk;> ntWg;G kpFk;nghOJ
nfhy;tpj;jYk; gujdpd; GJg;gpwtp vLj;j Nfhtydpd; Fz ,ay;G vd;d? jd;
,d;g Efh;r;rpf;Fj;jil Vw;gl;l nghOJ fz;zfpiag; gphpe;jhd;.
khjtp jd;
tpUg;gj;jpw;F khwhf> Cly; nfhz;l NghJ mtisAk; gphpe;jhd;.
tpUg;gKk;>
mt;tpUg;gk; epiwNtwhj NghJ ntWg;Gk; nfhz;l epiyapy; fz;zfp> khjtp
MfpNahiug; gphpe;jtd; jhd; Nfhtyd;.
gujDf;F ntWg;G te;jNghJ rq;fkidf; nfhtpj;jhd;.
NfhtyDf;F
ntWg;G te;jNghJ> fz;zfp khjtp MfpNahh; tho;T nfhy;yg;gl;L tpl;lJ.
rq;fkd;
gujdhy;
gpzkhf;fg;gl;lhd;.
fz;zfpAk;>
khjtpAk;
eilg;gpzkhf;fg;gl;ldh;. ,J jhd; NtWghL.
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Nfhtydpd; ,ay;Gfspd; njhFg;G:
Nfhtydpd; ,ay;Gfis njhFj;Jf; fhzyhk;.
1. Nfhtyd; kpFe;j Gzh;r;rp Ntl;ifad;.
2. jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;Ng nfl;lope;jtd;.
3. guj;ijah; Nrhpapy; vg;nghOJk; Rw;wpj; jphpgtd;
4. tae;jkhiy Nghd;w gzpg;ngz;fsplj;Jk; cwTilatd;
5. fhkj;ijj; J}z;Lk; khiyg;nghOJ te;jhy;> kdk; kaq;fpr; rpWikaw;wj;
jsUgtd;
6. fTe;jpabfs; Nghd;Nwhh; $Wk; mwpTiuiaAk; Gwf;fzpf;Fk; mstpw;Ff;
fhkr;rpWikAilatd;
7. $Ljw;Fj; jilahd Cliy ntWg;gtd;.
8. Cliyj; jzpf;fhJ ntWj; njhf;Fk; ,ay;gpdd;.
9. ntWg;G te;jhy;> vg;gopiaAk; ahh; kPJk; Rkj;jj; jaq;fhjtd;
10. gok; gpwg;Gk;> ,g;gpwg;Gk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; tpUg;Gf;Fj; jil te;jhy; ntWf;fk;
,ay;Gilik. vy;iy kPwpa tpUg;gk; ; mjw;Fj; jilte;j NghJ vy;iy kPwpa
ntWg;G ,Jjhd; Nfhtydpd; Fzg;gpopT.
9. fhy;thpf;F Ke;ija kdepiy:
,e;jputpohtpd; NghJ tha;g;gw;w Nfhtyd;:
fhdy;thp
njhlq;FKd;> Nfhtyd; kdepiy vt;thwpe;jJ? ,e;jputpoh
,Ugj;njl;L ehl;fs; ele;NjhWk; tof;fpid cilaJ. ehs;NjhWk; mtd; eldk;
ele;Js;sjhff; nfhs;tjpy; jtwpy;iy.
,Ugj;njl;L ehs; mts; njhlh;e;J
MlNtz;ba epiy ,Ue;jpUf;fkhdhy;> mjw;fhd xj;jpif Nghd;wtw;wpy; mts;
ePz;l Neuk; nrytpl;bUf;fyhk;.
,jdhy; NfhtyNdhL Nrh;e;jpUf;Fk; tha;g;G
khjtpf;Ff; Fiwe;J NghapUf;fyhk; jdpj;J tplg;gl;l Nfhtyd; Ch; Rw;wf;
fpsk;gpapUg;ghd;.
Nfhtyd; ClYf;F Kd; rpdk;:
,e;jpu tpohtpd; filrp ehs; Ml;lj;ij Kbj;J> muq;fp-Ue;J ,wq;fptUk;
khjtp> Nfhtyd; Clw;NfhyNkhL ,Ug;gij mwpe;jhs;> mtd; Cliy tsu
tpLtJ jPJ vd;W ed;fwpths;.
vdNt> gj;Jj;JthpDk;> Ie;J tpiuapDk;
Kg;gj;jpUtif Xkh-ifapDk; Chpa ed;dPhpy; Fwpj;J mzpgy G+z;L mtd;
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Cliyj; jzpf;fpwhs; khjtp vj;jpirapYk;> gyh; ghh;f;f MLk; Ml;lj;jpYk;
%o;fpapUe;jjhy;> Nfhtyd; vhpr;rYw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
jdf;Fhpats; jdf;Nf
chpatshf ,y;yhky;> tpyfp ,Uf;f Neh;e;J tpLfpd;wNj vd;w rpdk; kdj;Js; fhy;
nfhz;bUj;jy; $Lk;.
mt;tpdk; khjtp ifap-Ue;j ahio thq;Fk; tiu
,Ue;jpUf;ff; $Lk;.
khjtp fbe;jhNsh? :
khjtp
xj;jpifapYk;>
Ml;j;jpYk;
<Lgl;bUe;j
Neuj;jpy;
,td;
Ch;
Rw;wpj;jpUe;j nra;jpiaf; Nfs;tpgl;L> khjtp mtidf; fbe;J nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.
mJ>
mtd;
neQ;rpy;
fdd;W
nfhz;bUe;jJ;
ahio
thq;fpaJk;
fhdy;
thpg;ghlyhf ntspg;NghapUe;jpUf;fyhk;.
tae;jkhiyNahL njhlh;Ngh?
tae;jkhiyf;Fk;> NfhtyDf;Fk; cwT cz;L vz;gij Kd;dNw fz;Nlhk;.
,th;fs; cwT Kjd; Kjyhf mUk;gp tsh;e;jJ ,t;tpe;jpu tpohtpy; jhNdh? vd
vz;ZkhW cs;sJ.
eld epfo;rr
; pahy; khjtpf;Fk;> NfhtyDf;Fk; Vw;gl;l
,ilntsp> tae;jkhiyahy; epug;gg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,g;NghJ> NfhtyDk;>
khjtpAk; jhio Nt- R+o;e;j GJ kzw;gug;gpy;> Gd;idku epop-y;> ahidj;je;jj;jhy;
fhy;fs;
mikf;fg;gl;l
fl;b-y;
mkh;e;jpUe;jdh;.
,e;jpu
tpohf;
fhyj;jpy;
NfhtyNdhL $b kfpo;e;jts; tae;jkhiy. ,g;NghJ> fl;b-y; khjtpAk; NfhtyDk;
cl;fhh;e;jpUf;fpd;wdh;.
,J> mtd; fz;fis cWj;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;>
mts; tUe;jp epd;wpUf;fyhk;.
‘tUe;JG epd;w tae;j khiyif
jpUe;JNfhy; ey;aho; nrt;tdk; thq;fp”
vd;gjpy; ,jidf; fhzyhk;. ,t;tUj;jj;ij czh;e;J nfhz;l Nfhtyd; ahio
thq;fpaJk; mt;Tzh;r;rpahy; ce;jg;gl;L> Mw;Wthpg;ghliyg; ghbapUf;fyhk;.
fhuzj;jp -Ue;J fhhpzk;:
Nfhtydpd; Ch; $w;wp tho;f;ifia khjtp fbe;J nfhz;ljhy; mt; Ch;
$w;wp tho;f;ifia eP Vd; fbe;J nfhs;fpwha; vd;W Nfl;gjw;fhfTk;> tae;jkhiy
vd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Fhpats; mtNshL Mb kfpo eP Vd; jil NghLfpwha; vd;W
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Nfl;gjw;fhfTk;> fhdy; thpAs; Mw;Wthpg; ghliy mtd; gad;gLj;jpapUf;fpwhd;
vd;W $wyhk;. ,J fhuzj;jp-Ue;J fhhpaj;jpw;Fg; NghFk; newp.
fhhpaj;jp -Ue;J fhuzj;Jf;F:
,dpf;
fhhpaj;jp_Ue;J
fhuzj;ijf;
fz;lwpayhk;.
fhtphpf;F
chpikAilatdhfpa Nrhod;> fq;ifiag; Gzh;e;jhYk;> fd;dpiag; Gzhe;jhYk;
fhtphp Nrhoidg; Gyg;gjpy;iy.
Nfhtyd; jd;idr; NrhodhfTk;> khjtpiaf;
fhtphpahfTk; vz;zpg; NgRfpd;whd;.
mg;gbnad;why;> fq;ifAk;> fd;dpAk;> gpw
guj;ijaUk; tae;jkhiyAk; Mfj;jhk; ,Uf;f KbAk;.
fhdy; thpg; ghly; nghUs;:
vdNt> ‘tUe;JGepd;w tae;jkhiy’ apd; Kfj;ijg; ghh;j;jTld; jhd;>
ahioj;jhNd thq;fpf; nfhz;L khjtp kPJ jhf;Fjy; njhLf;fpd;whd;. ‘,jid eP
fz;L nfhs;shNj; ,J jhd; kq;ifkhjh; ngUk; fw;G’ vd;W cgNjrk; nra;fpd;whd;>
,e;j kdepiy> Nfhtyd; ghLk; fhdy;thpg;ghlYf;Fk;> khjtp ghLk; fhdy;thpg;
ghlYf;Fk; chpa nghUis ekf;Fj; jUfpd;wJ.
Nfhtydpd; ,e;j cz;ik cUtj;ij> ehk; kwe;J tpl;lhNyh> kiwj;J
tpl;lhNyh fhdy;thpapd; cz;ikahd kiwnghUis ehk; fz;lwpa KbahJ.
Nfhtyd; ghba fhdw;ghzp
Nfhtyd; kdepiyr;R+oy;:
,Ugj;njl;L
ehs;fs;
,e;jputpoh
Muthuk;
-
me;ehspy;
Xa;tpd;wpr;
Rw;wpaiye;jik - tpohf;fhyq;fspy; khjtpia neUq;fp Kd;Nghyf; fye;J kfpo
Kbahik - ,d;d fhuzq;fshy; kdj;jpy; jsh;Tk;> ntWg;Gk; kpf;F epd;wd.
Nfhtyidr; Rw;wpYk; fhJ nrtpLgLk;gbahd Muthuk;. nghJthf ,e;j Muthur;
R+o-y; ,Ue;jhy;> kdpjDf;F vhpr;ry; Njhd;WtJ ,aw;if> ,tNdh ,Ugj;njl;L
ehs; tpoh epfo;rr
; pfshy; vhpr;ry; mile;jpUe;jhd;.
tUj;jk; NtW.
,e;epiyapy; tae;jkhiyapd;
Fog;gKk;> vhpr;rYk; epuk;gpa epiyapy; mtid khjtpaplkpUe;J
ahio thq;Ffpd;whd;. Fog;gKk;> vhpr;rYk; epuk;gpa kdj;jpy; njspAkm; mikjpAk;
vg;gb ,Uf;f KbAk;? me;epiyapYs;s kdpjdplk; ahuhtJ Ngr;Rf; nfhLj;jhy; rPwp
tpOtJk;> rpde;J NgRtJk; kdpj ,ay;G> ,jidj;jhd; Nfhtydplk; fhz;fpNwhk;.
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vhpr;rYk;> Fog;gk; ngUfpa epiyapy; khjtp ahior; Rjp $l;b> ‘Vtyd;>
gpd;ghzp ahJ’ vd;W jhNd ngha; tk;ig tpiyf;F thq;Ffpd;whs;.
jhd;> Nfhtyd; rPwj; njhlq;fp tpLfpd;whd;.
mt;tsT
Nfhtyd; ,ay;ghd epiyapy;
,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> mtd; ghba Mw;Wthpg;ghly; ,e;j tbtj;jpy; ,Uf;fhJ.
1. ‘Mw;Wthpg;ghly;fs;’
fhtphpia Nehf;fpajh khjtpia Nehf;fpajh?
Nrhod; fq;iff; fd;dpiaf; $ba NghJk; GythjpUf;fpd;w fhtphpapd; fw;G
khz;ig vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;whd; Nfhtyd;. Nrhod; fq;ifiaf; $lTk;> fd;dpiaf;
$lTk; fhtphp jilahf ,y;iyNa vd;w fUj;ij vLj;Jf;$wpj; jil tpjpf;fh
,ay;G jhd; fhtphpapd; fw;G khz;G vd;W vLj;Jf;fhl;b> mf;fw;G khz;gpid ePAk;
ngW vd t-AWj;Jfpd;whd;.
Fwpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk;>
,g;ghly;fs; fhtphpia Nehf;fpg; ghbad vd;W
,jd; nghUsikjpiaf; nfhz;L
ghh;j;jhy;
khjtpia
Nehf;fpg; ghbatd; vd;Nw nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Mw;Wthpg; ghly;fs; ,uz;L
1. khiyazpe;j>
jpq;fs;
Nghd;w
ntz;nfhw;wf;Filia
cilatdhfpa
Nrhod; jd; Ml;rpia tphpTgLj;Jk; nghUl;Lf; fq;ifiaf; $bdhYk;
(fq;if ghAk; ehLfis mbikg;gLj;jpdhYk;) fhtphpNa epd; fztdhfpa
Nrhoid
ntWf;f
khl;lha;.
mtd;
fq;ifiaf; $Lfpd;w nghOJ>
ntWf;fhjpUj;jy; ngz;bhpd; ngUq;fw;ngd;W mwpe;Njd;; fhNthp eP tho;f.
2. khiyiaAk;> ngUik nghUe;jpa ntz;nfhw;iwf; FiliaAk; cila
Nrhod; Ml;rpg; gug;ig tphpTg;gLj;jf; fd;dpiaf; $bdhYk; (Fkhpj;Jiu) eP
ntWf;f khl;lha;.
mf;fd;dpiag; Gzh;e;jhYk;> ntWg;Gj; Njhd;whjpUj;jy;
ngUik kpF khjhpd; ngUq;fw;G vd;W mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. fhtphpNa tho;f.
NrhoDk; NfhtyDk;:
,t;tpUghly;fSk;
xNu
fUj;ij
t-aWj;Jk;
nghUs;
mikjpiaf;
nfhz;lit. ,g;ghly;fspy; Nrhod; ntz;Filahd; vd;Wk;> nrq;Nfhyd; vd;Wk;>
Nfhtyd; $Wfpwhd;. ,q;Fr; Nrhod; vd;gJ NfhtyidNa Fwpf;Fk; Vd;? ntz;
nfhw;wf; Fil vy;NyhUf;Fk; epoy; jUk;; gpw guj;ijah;f;Fk;> tae;j khiyf;Fk;
khjtpf;Fk; mq;Nf ,lKz;L.
mf;Fil epoy; jdf;F tha;ff
; hNjh vd khjtp
mQ;r Ntz;lh vd ntspg;gLj;Jtjid mwpayhk;.
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GythikNa ngUq;fw;G:
jhd; tisahr; nrq;Nfhyd;.
vd;dhy; tpUk;gg;gLk; tae;jkhiyf;Fr;
rpwg;Gj; je;J epd;d ,uz;lhkplj;jpw;F chpatshf;fp tpLNthNdh vd mQ;r
Ntz;lh. Vnddpy; ehd; tisahr; nrq;Nfhyd;. MfNt> vd;idg; GytJ kq;if
khjh;
ngUq;fw;gpDf;Nfw;g
czh;j;Jfpwhd;.
ele;J
nfhs;thahf
vd;W
Nfhtyd;
Fwpg;ghy;
thop fhNthp vd;gjpYk; Xh; vr;rhpf;if tplg;gLfpwd;wJ.
fhtphpNa eP Gye;jpiy; GythikNa ngUq;fw;G> mf;fw;gpidAila Mj-d; eP tho;f;
vd;fpd;whd;.
Mfha;.
,jd; kWjiyf; fUj;J ahJ.
eP Gyg;gpd; ngUq;fw;gpidAila
MfNt> ehd; cd;id tho;j;Njd; vd tUk;.
tho;f vd;w nrhy;-d;
vjph;kiw ahJ? xopf vd;gjy;yth? vd; tpUg;gj;jpw;F eP cld;gltpy;iy vd;why;
cd;id xopNtd; vd;W Nfhtyd; vr;rphpg;gjhfTk; mike;Js;sJ.
ghly; %d;W:
3. GJg;Gdiy tuNtw;w coth;fspd; MuthuKk;> jz;zPh; kjFfspy; Njq;fpr;
nry;Yjhy; tpise;j MuthuKk;> fiufis cilj;Jf; nfhz;L ghAk; ePhpe;
MuthuKk;> GJg;Gdy; tpisahl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; kf;fspd; MuthuKk;
kpf;nfh-f;ff; fhtphpNa e Pele;jha;. ,t;thW X- rpwf;f ele;j nranyy;yhk;
tQ;rpdk; $wp Mh;g;ghpg;gjpy; jg;ghj tPuh;fisAila Nrhodpd; tsNk
fhuzk; vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. fhtphpNa> eP tho;thahf.
mikjp eil khjtpf;Fj; Njit:
,g;ghly; jhd; ,ay;ghd Mw;Wthpg; ghlyhf mikfpd;wJ.
,g;ghl.y;
Mw;Wthpapd; Kjy; ghliy ,y;yhky; %d;whk; ghlyhf te;jpUg;gNj Nfhtydpd;
cs;sj;jpy; jLkhw;wKk;> jlkhw;wKk; ,Ug;gjid ed;F fhl;Lfpd;wJ. coth; Xij>
kjFfshy; Vw;gLk; Xij> cilePU Xij> tpoth; Xij vd;W Rw;wpYk; XNu
Muthui;.
jd;idr;
,e;j Muthuj;jpw;F eLNt fhtphp mikjpahf ele;J nry;fpwJ.
Rw;wp
elf;Fk;
ve;j
MuthuKk;
fhtphpiag;
ghjpf;ftpy;iy.
Rw;wpYkpUg;gth;fspd; kfpo;rr
; p Xl;l,j;ijg;gw;wpf; ftiyg;glhky; mikjp eil
elf;fpwJ fhtphp.
khjtp cd;idr; Rw;wpYk; elf;Fk; rp;y Muthuq;fisg; gw;wpf;
ftiyg;glhky; fhtphpiag; Nghy mikjpahf ,Uf;ff; $lhjh? eil vd;gJ
xOf;fk; jhNd. fhtphpf;F me;j eil elf;f KbfpwJ. cd;dhy; me;j eil elf;f
Kbahjh? vd;W Nfhtyd; kiwKfkhff; Nfl;fpwhd;.
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2. fhdy; thpg;ghly;fspd; Kg;gphpTfs;:
Nfhtyd; ghba fhdy;thpg; ghly;fisg; nghUsikjp Nehf;fp> %d;W
gphpthfg; gph;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. Kjy; gphpT> Kjyhtjhf tUk; Mw;Wthpg;ghly;fs;;
,jpy; Nfhtyd; jd;Dila tpUg;gj;ij khjtpf;Ff; Fwpg;ghy; czh;j;Jfpd;whd;.
,uz;lhtJ gFjp> rhuj;Jthp Kjyhf epiythp <whf cs;s gjpide;J ghly;fs;;
,g;ghly;fspy; jd;Ds;sk; fth;e;jhspd; eyKk;> ftug;gl;l jpwKk; $wg;gLfpd;wd.
%d;whtJ gFjp> gts cyf;if Kjyhfr; Nruy; kltd;dk; <whf cs;s ehd;F
ghly;fs;;
,g;ghly;fspy; khjtpapd; ,ay;igg; gopj;Jg; NgRfpwhd; Nfhtyd;.
gpd;dhy; khjtpia mstpwe;J gopj;Jg; NgRk; gFjpf;fhd cs;sk; mtdplk; cs;sJ
vd;gjidf; fhl;Lk; fz;zhbahf ,e;ehd;F ghly;fSk; tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
rhh;j;Jthpg;ghly;:
Mw;Wthpia mLj;J tUtJ rhh;j;Jthp> Gfhh; efiur; rhh;j;jpr; rpy nra;jpfs;
$Wfpd;wd.
kz;zpd; ,ay;G> kf;fspd; ,ay;gy;yth? ,jid mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L ,g;gFjp mike;Js;sJ. ,J Njhop> jiykfd; Kd;dpd;W tiuT flhTj;
Jiwahff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Kjy; ghly; fUj;J:
1. Iq; fUq;Ftis kyh; Nghd;w neba fz;fisAila vk; jiytpiaf;
fly; nja;tj;jpd; Kd;dpWj;jp> mj;nja;tj;ijr; Rl;bf;fhl;b tpiutpy;
epd;id kzg;Ngd;> vd;W R+Siu nkhope;jdh; mwpdpy;yhjth; vd;gjid
ehq;fs; vt;thW mwpa KbAk;? Vndd;why;> ehq;fs; ,g;Gfhh; euj;jpy;
my;yth gpwe;J tpl;Nlhk;. ,g;Gfhhpy; flw;fopaplj;jpy; Njhd;wpAs;s my;nkhl;Lf;fs; flw;fiuapy; fplf;fpd;w ntz;ikahd rq;iff; fz;L>
tpz;zpNy
ntz;kjp
te;J
tpl;lNj
vd;Wk;>
rpjwpf;
fplf;fpd;w
Kj;Jf;fisf; fz;L tpz;kPd;fs; Njhd;wp tpl;ldNt vd;Wk; kaq;fp
kyh;e;J tpLfpd;wd. ,j;jifa ,ay;gilaJ Gfhh; efh;.
tae;j khiy ,jpy; jiytpah?
,g;ghl-y; tUk; ‘fhpa kyh; neLq;fz; fhhpif’ tae;j khiyahf ,Uj;jy;
$Lk;.
tae;jkhiy gw;wp ,sq;Nfhtbfs; ‘khiy thq;fpa Ntyhp neLq;fz;’
vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
NkYk;> Nfhtyd; ghLk; fhdy; thpg; ghly;fspy;
‘nfhiyNty; neLq;fz; $w;wk;’ vd;Wk;> ‘neLq;fz; tiyahy; capy; nfhy;it’
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vd;Wk; ,e;neLq;fz; Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt> ,e;neLq; fz;zpw;Fhpats;
tae;jkhiyahf ,Uf;fyhk;.
2.,uz;lhk; ghlw; fUj;J:
vk;Nky; fhjy; cilatuhfpf; flw; fhd-lj;Nj vkf;Fj;jUtjw;fhff; ifAiw
(ghpR) xd;iwf; ifapy; Ve;jpathW ehq;fs; nry;Ykplnky;yhk; Rw;wp Rw;wp te;jhh;.
,J md;W; ,d;Nwh> mth; ekf;Fj; njhlh;gpy;yhjth; Nghy; ‘vk;ik kze;J nfhs;f’
vd;W mtiu ehq;fs; ,we;J gpd;epw;f NeUk; vd;gij ehq;fs; mwpe;Njhk;. fw;fhdy; Rw;wpg; gwe;J jphpAk; tz;Lfs; fopapy; epytpd; epoy; tpOk; ,lj;jpy; ,uz;L ePy
kyh;fs; G+j;jpUg;gijAk; ma-y; epw;Fk; ngz;zpd; Kfj;ijAk;> mjp-Uf;Fk; kyh;
Nghd;w fz;fisAk; ghh;ff
; pd;wd.
vJ kyh;? vJ fz;? vd;W mwpa khl;lhky;
fz;Zf;Fk;> kyUf;Fkhfg; gwe;J CryhLfpd;w Gfhh; my;yth ehq;fs; gpwe;j
efuk;.
R+Siuf;Fk; ngha;Aiuf;Fk; NtWghL mwpNahk;:
fz;Zf;Fk;
kyUf;Fk;
NtWghL
njhpahky;
Cryhba
R+Siuf;Fk;> ngha;Aiuf;Fk; NtWghL njhpahky; Ngha;tpl;Nlhk;.
tz;L
Nghy;>
mwDilahd;
vtd;? mwdpy;yhd; vtd;? vd;W mwpAk; jpwdpy;yhJ Ngha;tpl;Nlhk;.
rhh;j;Jthpg; ghly; %d;W - nghUs;:
3. fl-y; cs;s nghpa miyfs; NkhJtjdhy; jhf;fg;gl;l rq;F> x-f;Fk; thapid
cilajhfp> mire;J te;J fhd-y; rpWkpah; ,ioj;Js;s rpw;wpy; Kj-atw;iw cOJ
mopf;fpd;wJ.
,jdhy; kdk; tUe;jpa rpWkpah;> mr;rq;fpid tpul;lj; jhk;
mzpe;Js;s khiyia mWj;J vwpa mk;khiyap-Ue;J rpjwpa Ftis kyh;
miuf;fz;zpl;l fz; Nghyj; Njhd;w> mt;topr; nry;Nthh; ,J fz;Nzh? kyNuh?
vd IAw;Wj; jk; ghh;itia tpyf;f Kbahjtuhf epw;Fk; Gfhh; my;yth vk; Ch;?
khjtp cld;gLthsh:
,q;Nf
Nfhtyd;
khjtpaplk;>
,g;ghliyg;
ghLtjd;
thapyhf
ntspg;gLj;JtJ> jhd; xU ngz;izf; fz;lJk;> mtisf; fye;jJk; Mfpa
nra;jpfis kl;Lky;y; ,Njh Njhop tiuT flhTfpd;whs;. ehd; mtis tiue;J
nfhs;sth? vd;w tpdhitAk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;. khjtp> ,jw;F cld;gl;lhy;
jhNd> Gythf;fhtphp Nghd;w ngUq;fw;gpdshf tpq;f KbAk;.
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rhj;Jthpg; ghly; ehd;F:
4. Fwpaplj;Jr; nrd;w ghq;fd; jiykfdpd; fhjy; kpFjpiaf; Fwpg;gpdhy;
mwpe;J $wpaJ vd;w JiwahFk; ,g;ghly;.
jiytdpd; fhjy; kpFjpiag;
ghq;fd; mwpthd;. ,jdhy;> jiytd; cw;w Nehapd; jd;ikiaAk; mwpthd;.
,tdJ
fhjy;
kpfjpiaj;
jiytpaplk;
vLj;Jf;
jiytpapd; fhjiyAk; moifAk; $Wfpd;whd;.
$wr;nrd;w
ghq;f s;
jiytd; cw;w fhjy;
Neha;fF
; kUe;J Ntwpy;iy. ,tNsh kUe;J vdf; $Wfpd;whd;.
ghlw; nghUs;:
fly;Jiwapy;
Nka;fpd;wd.
tyk;Ghpr;rq;Ffs;
mq;Fk;
,q;Fk;
miye;J
,iuNj
,jdhy; kzw;gug;gpy; mit Ch;e;J nrd;w milahsk; cOj rhy;
Nghyj; Njhw;wkspf;fpd;wJ.
Gd;id kuf;nfhk;Gfspy; G+j;Js;s kyh;fs; cjph;e;J
jiykPJ tPo;tjdhYk;> Ez;zpa G+e;jhJ rpe;JtjdhYk; cOj rhy; Nghd;w
Njhw;wk; kyh;g;gug;ghf khwp tpLfpd;wJ.
,j;jifa fhd-y; KOkjp Nghd;w
Kfj;jpidAilatshfpa ,j;jiytpapd; cld;ghL fhl;ba fay;NghYk; fz;fs;
nra;j kUe;Jfshy; jPuhj vd; jiytdpd; Nehia ,tSila fzq;F glUk;
khh;Gfs; juk; jPhj
; ;J itf;Fk;.
(ii) khjtpapd; cld;ghL Njit:
vJ Neha; nra;jNjh mJ jhd; Nehiaj; jPhf
; f
; Ntz;Lk;. ‘gpzpf;F kUe;J
gpwkd; mzpapio jd; Neha;fF
; j; jhNd kUe;J’ vd;gJ Fws;.
cyfj;jpd; ,aw;if.
,Jjhd; fhjy;
Mdhy;> Nfhtyd; ,e;j ,aw;ifap-Ue;J khWgLfpd;whd;.
fz;fs; nra;j Nehiar; Rzq;F glh;e;j nky;-a khh;Gfs; jhk; jPh;ff
; Ntz;Lk;
vd;fpd;whd;
Nfhtyd;.
,e;j
tha;g;ghL
khw;wk;
Vd;?
ahDw;w
Neha;
NtnwhUj;jpahy; tpise;jJ. ,e;j Nehia mtisAk; tiue;J nfhs;f vd;Dk; epd;
cld;ghLjhd; Nghf;Fk; vd;W ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.
,q;NfAk;> Nfhtyd; jd;
cs;sf;Fwpg;igj; jtwhky; ntspg;gLj;jNt nra;fpd;whd;.
,q;F gy ghliyj; jhd; Nfhtyd; ghLfpd;whd;. xNu ghly; vd;whYk; jd;
cs;sf;Fwpg;ig kpfj; jpwikaf ntspg;gLj;j mtd; jtw tpy;iy.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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(ii) fow;nwjph; kiwg;ghly; xd;W:
,dptUk;> ,uz;L ghly;fSk;> ‘fow;nwjph; kiw’ vd;Dk; Jiwapidr;
rhh;e;jit. ghq;fd; nrhy;-ajw;Fj; jiytd; kWj;Jf; $Wjy; vd;gJ ,jd; nghUs;.
‘ntap-y; fhag;Nghl;Ls;s nfhOg;Gg; gbe;j Gyhy; Jz;Lfisf; ftu tUk; fhf;if
Nghd;w gwitfis tpul;Ljiyf; fhuzkhff; nfhz;L tz;Lfs; njhFjpahfr;
Rw;wp te;J Muthuk; nra;Ak; R+o-d; G+q;nfhj;ijf; ifapy; Ve;jp kzk; fkOk;
mofpa fhd-lj;Nj fz;lhiu tUj;Jk; Xh; mzq;F epiyahfj; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
vd;gij ehd; mwpNad;. mwpe;jpUe;jhy; mf;fhd-lj;Nj ehd; nrw;wpUf;f khl;Nld;
vd;W Gyhy; czq;fiy ftu tUk; Gl;fis mts; tpul;Lfpwhs;. Qhoy; kyhpy;
cs;s Njidf; ftu tUk; tz;Lfis Nts; tpul;ltpy;iy. Gs; md;idahh; gyiu
mts; tpul;bdhYk;> tz;lidNadhfpa vd;id mts; tpul;lkhl;lhs;.
Mj-d;
ghq;f! mts; ghq;fhr; nrd;W vd;ghy; Nrh;g;gpg;ghahf vd;W jiytd; $Wfpd;whh;.
kw;wJ:
,dp> mLj;j ghly;. tiy jUk; tUthahy; tho;fi
; f elj;JNthh;! Nrhpapy;
tiyfs;
fhag;Nghl;Ls;s
tPl;bd;
Kd;
gFjpapy;
tpiyf;F
tpw;Fk;
kPd;
czq;fiyg;ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;lhff; nfhLq;$w;wk; xd;W> nfhiyNty; Nghd;w
neba
fz;fisAila
ngz;ZUtk;
nfhz;L
miytPRk;
Fsph;e;J
fhd-y;
tho;tjid ehd; Kd;dh; mwpNad;. mwpe;jpUe;jhy;> Mz;Lr; nrd;wpUf;f khl;Nld;.
Ntz;LUtk;> ahtUk; tpUk;Gk; cUtk;. ahtUk; tpUk;Gk; vdNt> jhd; tpUk;gpajpy;
tpag;nghd;Wk; ,y;iy vd;fpd;whd;.
fz;fisNa tiyahff; nfhz;L vd;idf;
fth;e;j mth; ehd; fhkj;jPahy; tzq;FtJk; fz;L tiyNghy; mikjpahf
,Uf;fpd;whNd vd;fpd;whs; jiytd;.
gh mikg;ghy; nghUs;:
,k;%d;W
ghly;fSk;>
jd;
fUj;ijf;
Fwpg;ghy;
ntspg;gLj;JtjpYk;>
mtw;Ws; fhzg;gLk; xj;j fUj;jpdhYk; xw;WikAilatdhf cs;sd.
Jiwahy;
NtWgl;Lg;
ghtifahy;
xd;W
gl;bUg;gijg;
Nghyf;
,it
$w;why;
NtWgl;bUe;jhYk;> Nfhtyd; cs;sf; Fwpg;ig ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy; xd;Wg;gl;Nl
cs;sd.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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jiykfd;> jiykfis Kjy; Kjyhfr; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk;:
1. ‘fay;Nghyf; fz;iz vOjp> tpy; Nghyg; GUtj;ij vOjp> Nkfj;ijg;
Nghyf; $e;jiy vOjp> fhkd; nrayhfpa fhjy; tpUg;gj;ijAk; vOjp>
Kw;w Kbe;j Kfk;> jpq;fs; jhNd ghUq;fs;. mj;jpq;fs; mofpa thdj;jpUe;jhy; mutq;fs; tpOq;fp tpLNkh vd mQ;rpg; glfpdhy; tho;f;if
elj;Jk; gujth; thOk; ,r;rpw;W}hpy; jq;fp tho;fpd;wijAk; ghUq;fs;”.
2. mWj;njLf;fg;gl;l tisay;fs; Muthuk; nra;a.
,uz;L gf;fj;Jk;
XLfpd;w FUjpf;fiw gbe;j Nty;fisNa fz;zhff; nfhz;l nfhba
$w;wj;ijg; ghUq;fs;. mf;nfhLq;$w;we;jhd; flyhy; tho;fi
; f elj;Jk;
kPdth; rpw;W}hpy; ,sik nghUe;jp nkd;ikahd rhaiyAila kfshf
tho;tijAk; ghUq;fs;.
3. cyh;j;jg;gl;Ls;s kPd; czq;fiyf;
ftu tUk; gwitia
tpul;bf;
fz;lth;fspd; kdk; jLkhwr; nra;Ak; mzq;Fjhd; ,JNth> ghUq;fs;.
mLk;gq;
nfhbfs;
epuk;gpa
Fsph;e;j
fhd-y;
mt;tzq;Fjhd;>
ngz;ZUtk; nfhz;L te;Js;sijAk; ghUq;fs;.
jhd; fz;lJ. jpq;fNsh? $w;wNkh?mzq;Nfh? vd;W IAw;whYk; ,WjpapYk;
mJ
NfshaJ;
Jzpfpd;whd;.
‘ngz;
nfhz;lJ”
vd;W
$wp>
khdplg;
ngz;Nz
vd;W
mk;kfis tpUk;Gk; jd; cs;sf;Fwpg;igAk; ntspg;gLj;jptpl;lhd;.
khjtp cld;ghL njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfj; jd; ,f;$w;W.
MW mfj;Jiwg; ghly;fs;:
‘fhpa kyh; neLq;fz;’ Kjyhf ‘XLk; jpkpy; nfhz;L’ <whf cs;s ghly;fs;
15. ,g;ghly;fs; MW Jiwfshf tFf;fg;gl;ld. ,tw;iwf; fstpay; mbg;gilapy;
xUKiwg;gLj;jpdhy;> fPo;f;fz;lthW.
1. jkpashf vjph;g;gl;l jiytpia Nehf;fpj; jiytd; $Wjy; ,jpy; fhl;rp>
Iak;>
njspT
Kj-ad
mike;Js;sd>
Kj-y;
tuNtz;ba
,j;Jiw
ehd;fhtjhf te;Js;sJ.
2. Gzh;r;rp ePl> ,le;jiyg;ghl;by; Gzh;jYWthd; Mw;whikahy; $Wjy;>
,uz;lhtjhf tuNtz;ba ,J> Mwhtjhf tUfpd;wJ.
3. ghq;fd; Nfl;gj; jiykfd; cw;WJiuj;jy;> %d;whtjhf te;Js;sJ.
4. fow;nwjph;
kiw
-
ehd;fhtjhf
tuNtz;ba
,j;Jiw
%d;whtjhf
te;Js;sJ.
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5. Fwpaplj;Jr; nrd;w ghq;fd;> jiykfspd; fhjy; kpFjpiaf; Fwpg;ghy; mwpe;J
$wpaJ. Ie;jhtjhf tuNtz;ba ,j;Jiw ,uz;lhtjhf te;jJ.
6. Njhop> jiykfd; Kd;dpd;W tiuT $lhjy;> Mwhtjhf tuNtz;ba
,j;Jiw> Kjyhtjhf te;Js;sJ.
,j;Jiwfs; KiwNa epuy;gl mikahJ jLkhwp te;Js;sikf;Fk; fhuzk;>
Nfhtydpd; kdj; jLkhw;wk; jhd;.
jiykfs; cw;wJ ciuj;jy; Jiwg;ghly;fs;:
mLj;J tUk; Jiw> ‘ghq;fd; Nfl;gj; jiykfd; cw;W Jiuj;jy;’ vd;gjhFk;.
jiytdpd; Njhw;wj;jpy;> elj;ijapy; khw;wk; fz;l ghq;fd;> ,lUw;wha;Nghy;
,Uf;fpd;whNa vd;d vd;W tpdtj; jiykfd; chpa tpilapWg;gjhFk;.
jiytd; tpilahf tUtd:
1. eWkyh; epuk;gpa nghopy;; mk;kyh;fspd; kzk; tPRk; kzw;gug;G; Fw;wkw;w
ngUik nghUe;jp nrhw;fs;; moFk; ,sikAk; nghUe;jpa jpuz;l
khh;gfq;fs;; KOkjp Nghd;w Kfk;> tise;j tpy; Nghd;w GUtq;fs;;
vOJjw;fhpa kpd;dy; Nghd;w ,il ,itNa vd;idf; fl;Lwr; nra;jit.
2. miyfs; gue;j ePhj
; ;Jiw; mofpa kzy; gue;j ,lk;; kzk; gug;Gk; ,dpa
kyh;fs;; kuq;fs; nrwpe;j Nrhiy; kzk; epuk;gpa RUz;l $e;jy;; kjpia
xj;j jpUKfk;; fay; Nghd;w ,Utpopfs; - ,it jhk; vd;id ,lWwr;
nra;jit.
3. rq;Ffs; tsUk; Jiw; kzk; tphpe;J guTk; Nrhiy; KWf;ftpo;e;j ewpa
kyh;fs;; mtd; jdpNa cytpa ,lk;> %q;fpy; Kiw Nghy; tsUk; gw;fs;;
,sikAilahspd;
,uz;L khh;gfq;fs;; ,itNa vd;id ,lWwr;
nra;jit.
vdf;F
(Nfhtyd;)
,le;je;jtidAk;>
$wptpl;lhd;.
je;jts;
ciwAk;
,lj;ijAk;
jiykfd;
,dpg; ghq;fd; (khjtp) ghq;fw; $l;lj;jpw;F Vw;ghL
nra;a Ntz;baJ jhd;. Nfhtyd; ,uz;L Fwpg;Gfis ,iykiw fhahf khjtpf;F
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;. xd;W> mts; ,f;fhd-lj;Nj cs;sts;. ,uz;L (cdf;F)
,dpats;.
,f;fhd-lj;Nj
cs;s
(khjtpf;F)
,isatd;>
tae;jkhiyahf
,Uf;fyhk; my;yth?
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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,le;jiyg;ghl;by; Mw;whikahy; $WtJ:
mLj;j Jiwahf tUtJ> Gzh;r;rp ePl ,le;jiyg;ghl;by; Gzh;jYWthd;
Mw;whikahy; $WtJ. Gzh;r;rpf;Fhpa tha;g;gpd;wpf; fhyk; twpNj fopa> mjdhy;
Mw;whik kpFe;j jiytd; Gzh;r;rp tpUg;gj;jhy; ,g;ghliyg; ghLfpd;whd;.
1. epd; je;ijAk;> jikad;khUk; fl-y; nrd;W.
tho;thh;fs;.
caph;fisf;
nfhd;W
ePAk;> vd; cl-Ds;Ns GFe;J> capiuf; nfhd;W tho;thNah?
mt;thwhapd; epd; FynthOf;fk; ed;W; mlq;fhj ck; ntk;ikAila
Kiyfs; t-NahL nghUe;jp mOj;Jtjhy; epd; ,il Rik jhq;fhky;
,lh;g;gl;L tUe;Jk;. ,t;tpilia ,oe;J tplhNj.
2. tise;j fz;fs; mike;j tiyia tPrp> cd; je;ij cah;fisf; nfhy;thd;.
ePAk;> neba fz; Mfpa tiyahy; vd;Dapiuf; nfhy;yj; Jzpe;J tpl;lha;.
Kj;Jtlk; Ve;jpa cd; Kiyapd; guj;ijj; jhq;f khl;lhky; Nkfj;jpy;
Njhd;Wk; kpd;diyg; Nghd;W epd; nky;-a ,il mire;J jsh;fpd;wJ.
,t;tpilia ,oe;J tplhNj.
3. XLk; glfpidf; nfhz;L fly; tho; caph;fis cd; %j;Njhh; nfhy;thh;.
ePAk; tise;j GUtj;jpdhy; vd; capiuf; nfhy;yj; Jzpe;Jtpl;lha;.
ngUik> vd; Jd;gk; ,tw;iw vy;yhk; ghuhjpUf;fpd;wha;.
vd;
cd; Kiyiar;
Rke;J ghLk; rpwpa nky;-a ,ilia ,oe;J tplhNj.
gPLk; gpwh; vt;tKk; ghuha;;:
‘gPLk; gpwh; vt;tKk; ghuha;’ vd;gJ Nfhtyd; jiytpf;F kl;Lk; nra;jpad;W;
khjtpf;Ff; $wpaJ jhd;. vd; ngUik epiyf;fTk;> vd; Jd;gk; mfyTk; Mtd
nra;. ,J jhd; mtd; khjtpf;F tpLf;Fk; nra;jp.
,it NfhtyDf;F vhpr;ry; Cl;bNdNth?
,dpNky; khjtpiag; gopj;Jg; ghLk; ghly;fs; njhlq;Ffpd;wd.
Nfhtyd;
jd;Ds;sf; Fwpg;igg; ghbf; nfhz;L tUk;NghNj> khjtp mjid czh;e;Js;shd;.
,jid>
‘kd;DNkhh; Fwpg;Gz;L> ,td; jd;dpiy
kaq;fpdhd;”
vd;gjdhYk;
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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‘fytpahy; kfpo;e;jhd; Nghy;
Gytpahy; aho; thq;fp”
vd;gjdhYk;
‘jhDk; Xh; Fwpg;gpdhs; Nghy;
ghbajdhYk;”
mwpe;J nfhs;fpNwhk;.
mtd; ghbf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jpUg;ghd;.
,ts; mjd;
cl;nghUisr; rpe;jpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jpUg;ghs;. JZf;Fw Ntz;ba Neuj;jpy;>
rphpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; khjtpapd; Nghf;F> jd;id ,ts; Vsdk; nra;fpwhs; vd;w
fUj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpf;f> mtd; vhpr;rYw;wpUf;fyhk;.
me;j vhpr;r-d; tpisT>
nfhLikia ckpo;e;J nfhz;L> ghly; tbtpy; Gwg;gLfpd;wJ.
ghq;fd; thapyhf khjtpiaj; jpl;LfpwhNdh?
,g;ghly;> Fwpaplj;Jj; jiykfisf; fz;l ghq;fd; $w;whf mike;Js;sJ.
khjtp jhNd jpl;lhky; ghq;fd; thapyhfj; jpl;LtJ $l mtd;> mtsplkpUe;J
mad;ikg;gl;bUg;gjid ed;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
1. gtsj;jhy;
nra;ag;gl;l
cyf;ifiaf;
ifapdhy;
gw;wp>
ntz;ikahd
Kj;Jf;fis cu-y; nga;J> mtw;iwf; Fw;Wfpd;wtDf;Fr; rpte;j fz;fs;
tbtj;jhYk;> epwj;jhYk; Ftis kyh;fs; Ngh-g;gpDk; mtw;wpd;
nray;fs;
nfhLikahdit.
nghUe;jhr; nraiy tpl;nlhop:
Ftis kyh;fs; kzj;ijAk;> NjidAk; ey;Ftd.
,ts; fz;fNsh
nfhLikia ckpo;td. MfNt> nghUe;jkhl;lh vd;fpd;whd;. gts cyf;ifiaf;
ifahw;gw;wpj; jts Kj;Jf;fisf; Fw;Wjy; ,ay;gd;W. mhprpia> ney;iy cu-Ny
,l;Lf; Fw;Wjy; jhd; ,ay;G Kj;ijf; Fw;Wjy; nghUe;jhr; nray;> ,td; jd; rpte;j
fz;fshy; vd; neQ;rj;ijf; Fw;wp tUj;JtJk; nghUe;jhj nray; vd;fpwhd;
Nfhtyd;.
gts cyf;iff;Fk;> nrq;fz;Zf;Fk; xU njhlh;G ,Ug;gjid mwpa
Ntz;LfpNwd.
rpte;j
cyf;if>
ntz;Kj;ijf;
Fw;WfpwJ.
ntz;ikahd (tQ;ridaw;w) vd; kdj;ij Fw;WfpwJ.
rpte;jfz;>
MfNt> nghUe;jhj
nraiy tpl;nlhop vd;fpd;whd; mtd;.
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md;d eilAk; fz;Zk; czh;j;Jtd:
ghly; ,uz;L:
Gd;id kuj;jpd; epo-y;> Gyhy; ehWk; miythap-y;> md;dg;gwit elg;gJ
Nghd;W mire;J mire;J nry;tpd;whNs> mtSila rpte;j fz;fs; fz;fsy;y;
kpfTk; nfhba $w;wNkahFk;.
mUfize;j
md;dk;
eilapdhy; jdf;F cwTilats; vd vz;zp
ntUtp
elf;FkhW
mts;
nra;jJ
Nghyj;
jdf;F
cwTilats; vd vz;zp> vd; tpUg;gj;ij mtsplk; ntspg;gLj;j mts; ahd;
tpyFkhW ele;J nfhs;fpwhs; vdf; Nfhtyd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;.
md;dk; mts; gpd; nrd;W> mtkhdg;gl;lJ Nghy> neQ;Nr mts; gpd;
nrd;W mtkhdg;glhNj vd;fpd;whd; Nfhtyd;.
caph;fisf; fth;tjpy;iy.
,tsJ
rpte;j
$w;Wk; vg;gaidAk; fUjp>
gadpd;wpNa caph;fisf; fth;e;J tUj;Jfpd;wJ.
fz;fSk;>
gadpd;wpNa
(vd;
tpUg;gj;jpw;F
vjpuhd
Fwpg;igf;fhl;Ltjd; thapyhf) vd;id tUj;jpf; nfhy;fpd;wd.
fz; czh;j;Jk; Fwpg;Gfs;:
Njd; tbAk; ePykyiuf;ifapy; Ve;jp> czq;fiy cz;z tUk; gwitfis
tpul;LgtSf;Fr; rpte;j fz;fs; ntz;zpw Nty;fs; my;y.
mtw;wpd; nfhbad;
nfhbad. ifapYs;s ePykyhp - ue;J Njd; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. mtSila fz;zpUe;J ntg;gk; ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
kl;Lk; mts; tpul;ltpy;iy.
gwit jdf;Fhpa czq;fis cz;ztplhJ
ahd; tpUk;Gk; ngz;zpd; eyk; cz;zTk; tplhJ
tpul;Lfpd;whNs vdr; rpdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.
nts;spa Nty;fs; my;y.
nre;epw Nty;fs;.
mtSila fz;fs;
vd; Mir neQ;rj;ijf; Fj;jpf;
fpopj;Jf; FUjpf; fiw gbe;jjhy; mit nre;epwk; ngw;wd vd;Wk; NgRfpwhd;.
,k;%d;W ghly;fspYk; tUk; nrq;fz; khjtpf;Fhpad.
,e;jpu tpoT+h; vLj;j
fhijapy; ,Wjpapy;> ‘fz;zfp fUq;fDk;> khjtp nrq;fDk;” vd;W tiuaWj;Jf;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
fz;zfpapd; fz;rptg;igg; ghLtjw;Fhpa fhuzk;> kaf;fj;jhy;
tpise;j rptg;Ng MFk;.
vdNt fz;zfp fz;zpd; ,aw;ifj; jd;ik rptg;G
md;W vd;gJ njspthFk;.
iff;fpisg; ghly;fs;:;
,dp
vd;whYk;
mLj;j
tUk;
gh-y;
mf;foptpuf;fj;jpYk;
Nfhtydpd;
rpdf;fdy;
rpdk;
tUj;jkhf
ntspg;glNt
khWfpd;wJ.
nra;fpd;wJ.
,J
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
250
fhkQ;rhyh ,sikNahs; tapd; VkQ;rhyh ,Lk;ig va;jpNahd; $w;whf tUfpd;wJ.
gUtk; Kjpuhg; ngz;zplk; gUt Ntl;ifiaj; jzpj;Jf; nfhs;s vz;zpa
jd;ndQ;irf; fbe;J $WtJ Nghy ,g;ghliyg; ghLfpd;whd; Nfhtyd;. ,isa
md;dNk ,tisr; NruhNj. ,ts; eilAk; epd;dilAk; xg;ghf khl;lh. ,isa
md;dNk ,tisr; NruhNj.
khl;lh.
Vnddpy; ,tSila eilAk;> epd;dilAk; xg;ghf
,ts; Ch;e;J tUk; ePuiyfis Nt-ahff; nfhz;l ,f;fhd-y; cs;s
Mlth; cs;sj;ijf; fyf;fp mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; miye;J jphpgts;.
Mj-d; ,isa
md;dNk ,tisr; NruhNj. Vnddpy; ,ts; eilAk;> epd;dilAk; xg;ghf khl;lh.
kl md;dk; - kl neQ;rk;;:
,g;ghly;> Gwj;Njhw;wj;jpy; md;dj;ij Nehf;fpf; $wg;gl;bUe;jhYk;> Mo;e;J
ghh;j;jhy; Nfhtyd; jd;ndQ;rpw;Ff; $wpaJ vd;gJ njhpatUk;> ‘kl md;dk;’ vd
tUk; ,lq;fspy; ‘kl neQ;Nr’ vdg; Nghl;L tpl;lhy; Nfhtydpd; kdepiy
njspthfj; njhpAk;. md;dKk; mtdhy; tpul;lg;gl;lJ. mtd; neQ;rKk; mtshy;
tpul;lg;gl;lJ.
,uz;Lk;
xd;whfp
md;dj;jpy;
cUtpy;
fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd.
Kd;dhy; ghh;j;jhy; md;dg;gwit; gpd;dhy; ghh;j;jhy; Nfhtyd; neQ;rk;.
,e;j
neQ;rj;Jf;F (md;dk;) vd;d nra;jp nrhy;fpwhd; Nfhtyd;? ‘md;dNk eP mtis
NruhNj. Vnddpy; cd; eil (xOf;fk;) NtW; mts; eil (xOf;fk;) NtW> ,uz;Lk;
xj;Jtuh. mts; gpwiu cof;fpj; (tUj;jp) jphpgts;. ePNah ,ts; eilf;F xg;ghNfk;
vd tUe;jp ,Uf;fpwha;
,uz;Lk; xj;Jg; Nghfhjit vd;gij czh;e;J nfhs;
vd;fpd;whd;.
,U NtW eilfs;:
nghJthff; fzpifah;fn
; fd;W rpy xOf;fq;fs;> eilKiwfs; cs;sd.
nghUs; jUthiur; rhh;tJk;> nghUspy;yhiu tpyf;FtJk;> jd;id tpl;L xUtd;
gphpe;J nrd;why; tUe;jhikAk; mth; jk; ,ay;Gfshk;. ,q;F> khjtp Nfhtyidg;
GwQ;nry;yhJ jLf;fpd;whs;.
,J Fy kfsph; kuigr; rhh;e;j xOf;f newpia kPwp
vd;idf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kidfpwhs; vd;gjid> ‘ePh; Nt-ia cof;fpd;whs;’ vd;w
njhlh; ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.
Nruy; kl md;dk; - gphpe;J nry;Yk; KbT:
neQ;Nr mts; cof;fpaJ kl;Lky;yhky; eld muq;fnkd;Wk;> xj;jpif
vd;Wk;> ,irthzNuhL Ma;ntd;Wk; jphpgts;. MfNt> neQ;Nr mtisr; NruhNj
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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vd;W nkhopfpd;whd;.
gphpe;J nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;w tpj;J khjtp ghba gpwF
Nghlg;gltpy;iy. ,q;NfNa Nghlg;gl;L tpLfpwJ. tha; jpwe;J mts; nrhy;tjw;F
Kd;Ng> mtsJ fz; njhptpj;j fUj;ij itj;Nj> gphpe;J nry;Yk; KbT mtDs;
mUk;gp tpl;lJ vd;gijr; ‘Nruy; kl md;dk;’ vd;w njhlh; Kk;Kiw mLf;fp
te;jjdhy; mwpayhFk;.
khjtpiag; gopf;Fk; ehd;F ghly;fs; jUk; Fwpg;G:
,e;ehd;F ghly;fSk; khjtpia kdj;Jl;nfhz;L ghbaitNa vd;gijf;
Fwpf;Fk; nra;jpfshtd:
1. mfj;Jiwg;
ghliyj;
njhlq;fpa
Nfhtyd;
mf;fhj-iaf;
‘fhpa
kyh;
neLq;fz;’ vd;W milahsk; fhl;bats; - ,g;ghly;fspy; ‘nrq;fz;’ vd;W
NtW milahsk; fhl;Ljy;.
2. Vida ghly;fs; vy;yhk; tpUg;gj;ij ntspg;gLj;jpAk;> tpUg;G> ntWg;Gf;
fye;J ntspg;gLj;jpAk; fhzg;gl> filtp ehd;F ghly;fs; ntWg;ig kl;LNk
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
3. ,e;jpu tpoT+h; vLj;j fhijapd; ,Wjpapy; ‘khjtp nrq;fZk;’ vd;W
fhl;lg;gl;l
fz;
milahsk;>
%d;W
ghly;fspy;
MW
,lq;fspy;
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLk; ,ay;gpy;yh epiy.
4. Nfhtyd; ghLk; fhdy;thpg; ghly;fs; gpwtw;wpy; neLq;fz;> Ntw;fz;>
Neh;faw;fz; Kj-a $wg;gLfpd;wd. ‘gts cyf;if’ vd;W njhlq;Fk; %d;W
ghly;fisj; jtpu NtW vq;Fk; nrq;fz; Fwpf;fg;glhik.
5. mr;nrq;fz; nta;a> nfhba nfhba> $w;wk; vd;w mLf;Ffs; fhl;Lk; nra;jp.
6. ‘Nruy; kltd;dk;’ vd;w xNu ghl-y; ‘Nruy;’ (NruhNj) MW ,lq;fspy; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sik.
,f;fhuzq;fshy;>
,e;ehd;F
ghly;fSk;>
Vida
ghly;fsp-Ue;J
NtWgl;lit vd;gJk;> ,it khjtpapd; ,ay;igg; gopj;Jf; $Wgit vd;gJk;
njspthf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
‘tpUg;G : mjw;Fj; jilt e;jhy; ntWg;G” vd;w Nfhtypd; tha;ghL
,f;fhdy;thpapYk; njspthfNt ntspg;gLfpd;wd.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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khjtp ghba fhdy; thp
Nfhtyd;
jd;Ds;sf;
Fwpg;ignay;yhk;
Jiwg;ghly;fspy;
mikj;Jf;
$wpajid khjtp ed;F Nfl;lwpe;jhs;.
fhdy; thpg; ghly; Nfl;l khd; neLq;fz; khjtp vd;gJ ,jid tpsf;Fk;
Fwpg;Gfis czh;e;J nfhz;l khjtp> xU Kbtpw;F tUfpd;whs;. Nfhtyd; ghba
ghl-y; ‘kd;Dk; Xh; Fwpg;Gz;L; ,td; jd;dpiy kaq;fpdhd;’ vd;gNj ,k;KbT.
ntWg;Gf;Fhpath;fs; $Wk; epahaq;fs; vLgLtjpy;iy vd;w cyfpaw;if ed;F
njhpe;jts; mts;. jd; ntWg;igf; fhl;bf; nfhs;shky; kiwj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whs;.
MdhYk; mtSs;sj;jpy; Gytp fhy; nfhz;L epd;wJ. Gytpahy; aho; thq;fpats;
‘jhDk; xU Fwpg;gpds; Nghy;’ fhdy; thp ghlj; njhlq;Ffpd;whs;.
mf;Fw;pg;G>
Nfhtyd; kaf;fj;ij mfw;Wk; Fwpg;G; eP ,t;thW manyhUj;jpia tpUk;Gjy;
Kiwaw;wJ
vd;W
vLj;Jf;fhl;b
mwpT
Cl;Lk;
NtnwhUtid tpUk;gpdhs; vd;w Fwpg;G ,y;iy.
tUgtd; NfhtyNd.
Fwpg;G.
Mdhy;>
mts;
,e;j NtnwhUtd; Nghy
ehd; cd;idj; jhd; epidj;J cUfpd;Nwd; vd;gjid
Mq;fhq;Nf rpW rpW Fwpg;Gf;fshy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lTk; nra;fpd;whs;.
,Wjpapy;
‘Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;Fg; Gj;jpkl;L’ vd;w KJnkhop jhd; nty;fpd;wJ.
khjtp ghbaNghJ ‘epyj;nja;tk; tpag;nga;j ePzpyj;Njhh; kdkfpo’ vd;ghh;
mbfs;.
ahopd; x-iaAk;> mts; R+o-d; x-iaAk; gphpj;jwpa Kbahjgb ,uz;Lk;
xd;Nw vd;dk; gbahf mike;jpUe;jJ.
mtd; Fuy; ,q;Nf $l ahnohL mts;
Fuy; xj;Jg; Ngha;tpl;lJ NfhtyNdhL mts; tho;T xj;Jg; Nghftpy;iyNa
vd;gijf; Fwpg;ghy; fhl;Lfpwhh; mbfs;. ,g;ghl-d; Kbtpy; ,th;fs; gphpaNtz;ba
epiy Vw;gl;L tpLk; vd;gjdhy; epyj; nja;tk; tpag;nga;jpajhk;.
Itiff; Fwpg;G:
Nfhtyd; ghba ghly;fis %d;W gphpTfshfg; gphpj;Jf; nfhz;L ghh;j;jJ
Nghy> khjtpapd; ghliyAk; ehk; gphpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
1. Mw;Wthpg;ghly; Kjy;gFjp
2. ifAiw kWj;jy; Kjyhf mth; mwpTWj;jp tiuT flhjy; <whf cs;s
gd;dpuz;L ghly;fs; ,uz;lhk; gFjp.
3. nghOJfz;L
Mw;whshfpa
jiykfs;
Njhopf;F
ciuj;jy;
Kjyhff;
fhkkpf;f fopglh; fpotp Mwhf cs;s VO ghly;fs; %d;whk; gFjp.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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4. ‘Mq;fik
ghba
Ma;
,io’
vdj;
njhlq;Fk;
fl;LiuAk;>
jiytp
khiyg;nghOJ fz;L $WjYk; Mfpa ehd;F ghly;fs; ehd;fhk; gFjp.
5. tiuT ePl;bj;jtplj;Jj; jiykfd; rpiwg;Gwj;jhdhfj; Njhop $Wjy; Ie;jhk;
gFjp.
Itifg; gFg;Gzh;j;Jk; Fwpg;G:
Kjw;gFjp> Nfhtydpd; Mw;Wthpg;ghlYf;F kWjiyahfg; ghbaJ kl;Lky;y;
mtd; fUj;ij kWj;Jg; ghbajhFk;.
,uz;lhk;
gFjp>
tae;jkhiyaplk;
Nfhtyd;
nfhz;l
tpUg;gk;
,Of;ifj;jUk; vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;b kWj;Jiug;gJ.
%d;whk; gFjp> NfhtyDf;F mwpTiu $Wjy; gadw;wJ vd;gjidf; fz;L
nfhz;l gpd;dh;> khjtp ‘mtd; md;gpd;wpj; jdf;F tho;tpy;iy’ vd;gij cs;sk;
cUf vLj;Jf; $@k; gFjp.
ehd;fhk; gFjp> Nfhtyidg; gw;wpa vy;yhk; ek;gpf;iffSk; ,w;nwhopa
mwptpoe;J kaq;fpg; Gyk;GtJ.
Ie;jhk; gFjp> Nfhtyd; jdf;F ey;fhd; vd;gJ njspthfNt> jdf;F mtd;
ey;ftpy;iy vd;whYk;> mtdhtJ thol;Lk; vd;W fly; nja;tj;ij Ntz;Ljy;
thapyhf czh;r;rpg; Ga-y; ,Ue;J tpLgl;L mwpTr; rkdpiyf;F te;J tpl;lij
khjtp njspthff; fhl;Lk; gFjp.
Kjw;gFjp
khjtp Mw;Wthpg;ghliy ‘mtd; Nghf;fpNy’ jhd; ghLfpd;whs;.
ghltpy;iy.
NtWgl;Lg;
mtd; fUj;jpw;F kl;LNk gjpyspf;fpwhs;.
ghLfpd;NwNdad;wp
khWgl;Lg;
khw;wpg;
mtd;> ehd; cd;NdhL
ghltpy;iy
vd;gij
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;. mjhtJ Vl;bf;Fg; Nghl;bahfg; ghltpy;iy.
ghly; - 1:
fhNthp mofpa G+f;fis Milahfg; Nghh;j;Jf; nfhz;L tUfpd;whs;.
mg;G+thilapd; Njid Efug; gf;fj;jpy; tz;Lfs; Muthhpf;fpd;wd.
grpa fay;
fz;fshy; tpopj;Jg; ghh;j;jthW mire;J elf;fpd;w fhtphpNa eP tho;f.
faw;
fz;fshy; Nehf;fpathW mire;J elg;gjw;nfy;yhki; epd; fztdhfpa Nrhodpd;
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nrq;Nfhy; tisahikNa fhuzk; vd;gjid mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;.
fhtphpNa eP
tho;f!
kidtpapd; gpwoh> tpopg;G eil:
G+thilia ,Oj;Jg; Nghh;j;jpf; nfhz;L faw;fz;fshy; fhtphp elf;Fk;
eilapy; xU Fykfs; elf;fpd;w eiliaf; fhl;Lfpd;whs; khjtp. mf;Fy kfsphpd;
eil (xOf;fk;) rpijtpd;wp elg;gjw;Fr; Nrhodpd; nrq;Nfhd;ikNa fhuzk;
vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whs;.
vdNt> fhtphp Fykfs; eilapidf; nfhz;L
Nghw;wr; Nrhodpd; nrq;Nfhd;ikNa fhuzk; vd;W fhl;Ltjd; thapyhf> cd;
eLepiy
gpwoh
newpNa
vd;
tho;T
rpijahky;
fhg;gJ
vd;gjidj;
njspTg;gLj;Jfpd;whs;.
Nrhoidf; fztd; vd;Wk;> fhtphpia kidtp vd;Wk; nrhd;dikahy;>
Nfhtyidf; fztd; vd;Wk;> jd;id kidtp vd;Wk; khjtp epiyepWj;jpf;
nfhs;fpd;whs;.
,jd; thapyhfj; jhd; nghUs;ngz;L ,y;iy vd;gjidAk;
njspTgLj;Jfpd;whs;.
‘fhtphp fUq;fz; tpopj;J’ ele;jhs; vd;gjhy;> jhd;
tpopg;NghL elg;gijAk;> jhd; fz;%bf; fplf;ftpy;iy vd;gijAk;> ,t;tpopg;Gj;jhd;
Nrhoid (Nfhtyid) eLTepiyik gpwohjpUf;fr; nra;tJ vd;Wk;> MfNt
tpopg;Gila fhtphpAk; tho;f ,t;tpopg;ghy; fhf;fg;gLk; Jizahfr; nrq;NfhDk;
tho;f vd tho;j;Jfpd;whs;.
ghly; - 2:
kyh;fs; epuk;gpa Nrhiyfspy; kapy;fs; mftp MlTk;> mr;Nrhiyfspy;
Fapy;fs; tpUg;gj;NjhL ,irghlTk;> fz;izAk; fUj;ijAk; ftuty;y khiyfs;
,UGwj;Jk; miraTk;> fhtphpNa eP ele;jha;> mofpa khiyfs; mira> eP ele;jjw;F
epd; fztdhfpa Nrhodpd; mr;rk; jUk; Nt-d; jpwNk fhuzk; vd;W mwpe;J
nfhz;Nld;. fhtphpNa eP tho;f.
ehkNty; mUs; Ntz;Lk;:
Nt-apd; jpwk;> jd; kz;izg; gpwh; ftuhjgb fhg;gJ jhd;. Nty;> mjidf;
fhthnjhopapd; fhtphp ,e;j ,dpa eilelf;f KbahJ.
Nfhtyd; gpwuhy;
ftug;glhjpUf;Fk; tiuapy;jhd; ahd; ,dpa tho;T tho KbAk; vd;fpwhs; khjtp.
Nt-d;
jpwk;
vd;wJ
‘ehkNt-d;
jpwk;’
vd;wjhy;>
Nt-apd;
jpwk;
giftiu
mr;RWj;JtJ vd;gJ NghjUk;> (ehk-mr;rk;) Nt-d; jpwk; fz;lwpe;j gpd;dh;
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kz;iz neUq;f mQ;Rfpd;wdh;.
,JNghyNt Nfhtypd; ,ay;G> gpwkfsph;
neUq;Ftjw;F mQ;Rtjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
epd; ,ay;G mt;thwpy;iyNa> Vd;
vd;W tpdTfpd;whs; khjtp.
Nrhiyapy;
kapy;
MLtJ
fhh;fhyj;jpy;;
Fapy;fs;
ghLtJ
,sNtdpw;fhyj;jpy; ,uz;Lk; xNu Neuj;jpy; elf;f Kbahjit. vy;yhf; fhyj;jpYk;
fhtphp fhkh; khiy mUfira elf;fpd;whs;. ehDk; vy;yhf; fhyj;jpYk; mj;jifa
tho;tpidg; ngw epd; ehk Nty; (gpw kfsph; mQ;rp tpFk;gbahd xOf;fk;) mUs;
nra;af;$lhjh vd;W Nfl;fpwhs;.
ghly; 3:
Nrhodpd; tsehl;L caph;fis vy;yhk; kftha;f; fUjp mtw;iwnay;yhk;
tsh;f;Fk; jhahfp> Copf;fhyk; KbAk; kl;Lk; mt;Taph;fis cz;gpj;J tsh;f;Fk;
nghpa cjtpap-Ue;J tpyfhj fhtphpNa eP tho;f. mg;ngahpa cjtpap-Ue;J tpyfhJ
elg;gjw;Ff; fliy Ms;gtDk;> gf-y; ntg;gj;ijr; nra;gtDk; Mfpa Qhapw;wpd;
mUNs fhuzk; vd;gij> mwpe;J nfhz;Nld;. fhtphpNa tho;f.
nta;Nahd; mUs; Ntz;Lk;:
QhapW fl-d; kPJ jd; Ml;rpiar; nrYj;jp kioiaj; jUfpd;wJ. mk;kio
jUk; tsj;jhy;> fhtphp jhahfp epd;W tsehl;L caph;fSf;F Cl;lfpd;wJ.
mQ;Qhapw;wpd;
njspthfpwJ.
mUs;
,y;iynad;why;>
fhtphp
jhahf
KbahJ
vd;gJ
MfNt Nfhtyd; epd;dUshy; jhd; jhahf tho;fpd;Nwd;.
vd;
jhahFk; jd;ikAk;> mJ njhlh;ghd tho;Tk; epd;dUshy; cz;lhapw;W mt;tUs;
vd;Wk; njhlu mUs; nra; vd;fpd;whs; khjtp.
epd;dUs;
fpilf;ftpy;iy
vd;why;>
vdf;Ff;
fztdpd;
jiyasp
fpilf;fhJ. kzpNkfiyf;Fj; je;ijapd; jiyasp fpilf;fhJ. ,tw;iwnay;yhk;
epidtpy; nfhy; vd;gjid> ‘Mop Ms;ths; gfy; nta;Nahd; mUNs’ vd;w
njhluhy; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;.
nta;Nahd; vd;w nrhy; Qhapw;iwAk; Fwpf;Fk;; tpUg;gj;jpw;Fhpatd; vd;Wk;
nghUs;gl;Lf; NfhtyidAk; Fwpf;Fk;.
mt;nta;Nahdpd; mUs;jhd; fhtphpf;F
ePiu mUSfpd;wJ vd;W Fwpg;ghy; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whs; khjtp.
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,uz;lhk; gFjp
ifAiw kWg;Gg;ghly;:
mLj;J tUtJ ‘Njhop ifAiw kWj;jJ’ vd;Dk; Jiw> jiytdpd;
ifAiwia kWg;gJ Nghyf; Nfhtydpd; tpUg;gj;ij kWf;fpd;whs; khjtp.
,dpa fjph;fisAila jpq;fs; Nghd;w Kfj;ijAila vk; jiytpapd; rpte;j
thapd; gw;fSf;F ePh; jUk; Kj;Jf;fs; xg;ghf khl;lh.
vdpDk; ,f;ifAiwia
thq;Ff vd;W $wp ,k;Kfj;ijr; Rke;J kaf;fKw;whw; Nghy; xt;nthU ehSk;
tUfpd;wPh;. Ia nghpa kiyfshy; flyhdJ Kj;Jf;fis tPrp> mjw;F tpiyahff;
fiuapy; fplf;Fk; khiyfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L tpiyQh; Nghy; nry;Yk; Gfhh; jhk;
vq;fs; Ch;.
Kj;Jf;Fg; gjpy; khiyah:
,jpy;
Nfhtyd;
tpUg;gj;ij
khjtp
vt;tsT
jpwikahfTk;>
kdk;
nfhs;SkhW kWf;fpd;whs; vd;gJ njspthFk;. epd; jFjpf;Fk;> vd; jFjpf;Fk; eP
,d;ndhUj;jpia eaf;Fk; tpUg;Gk; xt;thJ; vdpDk; kaf;f Kw;wtd; Nghy> kPz;Lk;
kPz;Lk; mjidNa $wpf;nfhs;tha;. flyhdJ Kj;ijf; nfhLj;J tpl;L> khiyia
mJTk; gpwh; gad;gLj;jpa khiyiag; ngw;Wr; nry;tJ vt;tsT nghUj;jkw;w
nray;.
,r;nraiyah
eP
tpUk;Gfpd;wha;.
Kj;ij
(vd;id)
,oe;J
khiyaidahisg; ngWtJ mwpTilik MFNkh? MfNt ,t;thiria xop vd;W
kWf;fpd;whs;.
mLj;J tUk; ghly;> NjhopAw; $l;lk; $bg; gpd;G te;J tiuty; vd;w
jiytDf;Fj; Njhop $wpaJ.
fstpy; Gzh;e;J nrd;w jiyth; tiuNthLk;
tuhikahy;> mg;ghf;fj;jpYs;s ngz;zpd; rpte;j Kd; ifapy; mzpe;Js;s
tisay;fs; Rod;W tPo;e;J J}w;Wtij mwptpNyk; Mfpa ahk; vq;qdk; mwpNtk;.
epiag; G+j;Js;s Gd;id kuj;jpd; ePz;l nfhk;Gfspy; md;dg; gwit Vwp mku>
md;dg;gwitia epythfTk;> G+f;fis tPz;kPd;fshfTk; fUjp tz;lfs; Mk;glj;Jr; nrd;W CJk; vk;%h;.
myuh Mk;giy CJk; tz;L:
Gd;idf; nfhk;gy; VwpapUe;j md;dk; epythfj; Njhd;WtJk;> Gd;id
kyh;fs; tpz;kPd;fshfj; Njhd;WtJk; Ngh-j; Njhw;wk; jhd;. ,g;Ngh-j; Njhw;wj;ij
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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cz;ik
vd
kaq;fp
tz;L
vt;tS
NgijikailaJ; epd;khl;L
cz;ik
md;Gilahh; ahh; vd mwpahJ> Ngh-j; Njhw;wk; fz;L kaq;Fk; epd; Ngijik
vj;jifaJ? Ngh-j;Njhw;wk; je;j kaf;fj;jhy; tz;L myuhj Mk;giyf; fz;L
CJtJ Nghy> manyhUj;jpapd; Ngh-j; Njhw;wk; je;j kaf;fj;jpdhy; vd;ghy; epd;
tpUg;ig Xjp epw;fpd;wha;. tz;L CjpdhYk; kyh; ,jo;fs; jpwf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. eP
vd;d $wpdhYk; vd; neQ;rk; jpwf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;fpd;whs; khjtp.
kziy ms;spf; fliyj; J}h;j;jy; Nghy:
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fs;
ntw;wp
ngWk;
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mwpNthk;.
flyhdJ jd; miyfshy; rpWkpapd; tz;lyk; ghitia mopf;f>
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kPJ rpdk; nfhz;likahy; kziy ms;spf; fliyj; J}h;j;Jtpl KidAk; Gfhh;
my;yth vk;Kila Ch;.
tUj;jk; nrhy; - mOfpd;whs; khjtp:
cz;zg;gl;l fs; kz;ghiu ntd;W jd; takhf;fp tpLfpd;wJ. mJNghyf;
nfhs;sg;gl;l fhkk; nfhz;lhiu ntd;W jd;takhf;fpf; nfhs;fpwJ.
jiytp
jd;takhf ,Uf;Fk; tiuapy; ve;NehAk; cw;whspy;iyt; fhkj;jpd; tag;gl;lJk;
kUe;jpy; jPuh Nehia mile;J Jd;GWfpd;whs;.
,f;fhkKk;> ,f;fhkk; je;j
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vd;fpd;whs;.
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,j;jifa Jd;gj;ijj; jUtha; vd;gij md;Nw ehd; mwpe;Njdpy;iyNa vd;Wk;
khjtp $wp tUe;Jfpd;whs;.
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;
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cz;ik.
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mwpTiufshfpa kzy;fshy; J}h;j;J tpl KbahJ vd;gijAk; mwpNtd;.
khjtp ,q;Nf fz;fspy; ePh; ky;f epw;gJ NtW ahUkpy;iy; ahNd vd;gij
ePz;l Gz;Neha; Nty; ePh; ky;f vd;w njhluhy; ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhs;. Gz; Njha;e;j
Nty;> nre;epwkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
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ePz;l
rpte;j fz;fs; khtpf;Nf chpad. MfNt> khjtp Nfhtydplk; jd;tUj;jk; nrhy;mOfpd;whs; vd;gjd;wp NtnwhUtid tpUk;Gtjhff; $wp tUe;jtpy;iy.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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t-jhfr; nrhy;-f; Fiw eag;gpj;jy; Jiw:
Fiw eag;gpj;y; vd;w Jiwapy; mike;j ghly; mLj;J tUtJ ‘jd;
JizNahL
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jpUk;gpr; nrd;w nea;jy; epyj;jiytd; vd;d Mdhd; vd;gij mwpNad;” $b
thOk; ez;Lfisf; fz;lJk;> jiytpNahL jhDk; $b kfpo mshtpa jiytd;>
mJ
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nrd;whd;.
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(Njhop)
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,jw;F
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‘me;jpkhiy te;jjw;fpuq;fp
rpe;ij Neha;$Uk; vd;rpWik Nehf;fp’
vd;gJ mtd; $w;W.
khiy Neuk; te;jhy;> mtDf;F xU kaf;fk; te;J tpLkhk;.
Ntz;Lk; vd;w kaf;fk; jhd; mJ.
$b kfpo
xd;iwg; ghh;j;J Ntl;if nfhs;Sk;
jd;dpay;igr; rpWik vd;W $l NgRfpd;whd;.
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; pfis mtDf;F epidT+l;Ltjd; %yk;> ahd; NtNwhU Mltid
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ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhs;.
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tpl;ljhy;> khjtp mtd; gphpe;jjhy;> jhd; milag; NghFk; ngUe;Jauj;ijf; ‘fhkk;
kpf;f fopglh; fpstp’ vd;w Jiwg;ghly;fshy; nrhy;-r; nrhy;-mOfpwhd;; ghbg;ghb
muw;Wfpwhs;.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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fhkk; kpf;f fopglh; fpstp:
fhkk; kpf;f fopglh; fpstpahf tUk; ghly;fs; Ie;J.
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cs;sjid cw;W Nehf;f Ntz;Lk;.
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$w Ntz;Lk;. ‘vd; jiyth; jhKk;> jk;Kila jz;zspAk;> jLkhwp te;J
NrUk;> mj; Njhpy; G+l;lg;gl;l FjpiuAk; vd;id tpl;L tpyfpdhh; vd;why;
tpyFf. mofpa G+q;nfhj;Jf;fisAila mLk;gq; nfhbfis md;dq;fNs
ek;ik kwe;jhiu ek;khy; kwf;f Kbatpy;iyNa vd;W khjtp $Wk;NghJ>
fyq;fhj fz;fSk; fyq;fp tpLfpd;wd.
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2. tUj;jj;ij kpFtpf;Fk;> ,k;khiyg; nghOjpy; jdpikAw;W tUe;Jk; vd;
fz;izg;Nghy; Jd;gk; cothky;> cwf;fj;jpy; Mo;e;jpUf;fpd;wha;.
,dpa
fs;isAila nea;jy; kyNu eP va;Jk; fdtpDs;> md;gw;w vd; jiyth;
,f;fhiyaplj;Nj tuf; fz;lhNah?
epwj;jhy; vd; fz;iz xj;jpUe;Jk;> nra;ifahy; mjNdhL khWgLfpd;whs;.
khiyg; nghOjpy; nea;jy;> ,jo; FtpAk;> mjidj;Japy;tjhff; fUjp> vd; fz; Japd;wp tUe;jTk; eP Jap-d;wp tue;jTk; eP Japy;fpd;wha; vd;whs;.
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mtidg; gphpe;J> mts; vj;jifa JauKw;whs; vd;gjid tae;jkhiyaplk; mtd;
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cs;shh;e;J Fwpg;G vjidAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. clNy ahohf cs;sNk euk;ghf
mty ,iria vOg;gpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;.
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fliy Nehf;fpf; $Wk; ghly;fs; %d;W:
mLj;J tUk; %d;W ghly;fsk; Jauj;ijj; jhd; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
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gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
3. ‘vd; fhjyh; vd;idf; $bf;fye;j gpd;dh;> Vwpr;nrd;w Njh;r; rf;fuj;jpd;
ftLfis vy;yhk; fliyNa eP mopj;Jtpl;lhh;.
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mopj;Jtpl;lhy;> ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd;. fliyNa mtw;iw vy;yhk; rpije;j
gpd;dh;> ,q;F ,Uf;fpd;wha;; gf;fj;jpNy ,Uf;fpd;wha;.
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jdf;Fk;
NfhtYf;Fk; cs;s fhjy; cwit rpijf;fj; Njhd;wpa xUj;jpNa vd;gij khjtp
jpwikahf ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whs;.
vkf;Fj; NjhopahfTk; cs;sha;.
miyNa (tae;jkhiy) eP vk;NkhLk; cs;sha;;
vk;NkhL cs;NshNuhLk; cs;sha;.
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epidahjtuhfpa - kwe;jtuhfpa NfhtNdhLk; cs;sha; ,J jtW vd czuha;.
cldpUe;j miyNa ,t;thW nra;jhy; ehd; vd;d nra;tJ?
4. $b kfpo;e;j ek; fhjypd; nghpa Njh;r;rf;fuq;fs; Ch;e;J epd;w top
rpijAkhW Guz;L tUfpd;wd miyfs;.
mofpa NrhiyfNs> $bahLk;
md;dq;fNs Fsph;e;j fly;JiwNa ePq;fs; XjNk (tae;jkhiyNa epd; nray;
jf;fjd;W vd;W nrhy;y khl;Bh;fsh?
mitNa rpijf;fhNj> rpijf;fhNj vd;W $Wk; khjtpapd; Fuy;> mbNa
rpijf;fhNj vd;gJ Nghy; jhd; x-f;fpd;wJ. mofpa nghopNy ,q;Fj;jhNd ehq;fs;
$b kfpo;e;Njhk;. ePNaDk; ,JjfhJ vd;W $wf;$lhjh> Gzh;e;jhLk; md;dq;fNs
ePq;fs; Gzh;e;jhbaJ fz;lNghnjy;yhk; vd;NdhL $bkfpe;jhNu> mtw;iwnay;yhk;
ePq;fs; mwptPh;fNs.
mwpe;j ePq;fshtJ> ,J jfhJ vd;W $wf;$lhjh? <ukpf;f
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$whjpUg;gJ Vd;? mthplk; kl;Lkd;W; ,J jfhJ vd;gij me;j miyaplj;Jk;
(tae;jkhiy) $wf;$lhNjh?
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thbf;
vd; tho;Nth twz;L
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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NghAs;sJ.
cldpUf;Fk; ePq;fNs.
vd; epiyf;F ,uq;fp> ‘,J jfhJ’ vs;W
miyaplk; (tae;jkhiy) $wkhl;Bh;fsh?
,j;Jld;> jd;Ds;sf; fUj;J KOikahf ntspg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vd;W
khjtp fUjpdhs;.
xNu nra;jpia itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl %d;W ghly;fis mts;
ghLtjhy;. mts; fUj;njy;yhk; xd;wpNyNa epiyj;J epw;gij czuyhk;.
%d;W
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5. vd;NdhL $bf;fye;j fhjyhpd; jpz; Njh;> Ch;e;J nrd;w top rpije;J
NghFkhW fly; miyNa eP Ch;e;J te;jha;; eP thop> mJ rpijAkhW Ch;e;J
te;j eP vk;NkhL Njh;e;J njspe;j cwTilaha; Ngh-Ue;J ,g;NghJ cwT epiy
jPh;j;jhw;Nghyg; gifia Mdha;; eP tho;f.
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thoNtz;ba ,d;wpahikahik fly; miyf;F ,y;iy. MfNt> RtL mopf;Fk;
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epfo;rr
; pahff; $wg;gltpy;iy. %d;W ghly;fspYk; fly; miyNa mopg;gjhff;
fhl;LtjdhYk;>
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vd;NdhLjhd;
,Uf;fpd;wha; vd;W fl;bf; fhl;LtjhYk;> vd;id epidahjtNuhL cwT
nfhz;Nl cwit mWf;fpd;w Ntiy nra;fpd;wha; vd;W Fw;wk; rhl;LtjhYk;>
,g;ghl-y;
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mwpayhk;.\
myh; mwpTWj;jp tiuT flhjy;:
mLj;J tUk; Jiw> ‘Njhop myh; mwpTWj;jp tiuT flhjy;’ vd;Dk;
JiwahFk;.
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(fl;Lg;gLj;Jf) vd Ntz;Lfpwhs;. ,q;Ff; Nfhtyd; khjtp Mfpa ,UthpilNa
vOe;Js;s ,yf;fpag; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ‘cd; Mirfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jf’ vd;w
nghUspy; Msg;gLfpwJ.
fly; miyfs; Kj;Jf;fshfpa mzpfis mzpe;Jk;> gtskhfpa cilia
cLj;Jk; nre;ney; tpisAk; fodpfs; NjhWk; nrd;W cytp tUk; flw;Nrh;g;gNd!
Gd;id kuq;fs; nrwpe;j Nrhiyapy; kd;kjd; kyh;f;fizahy; va;j GJg;Gz;fisj;
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jiytp ahd; mwpahjthW kiwf;fpd;whs;. ,g;Gz;fis md;id mwpa Neh;e;jhy;
ehd; vd;d nra;a KbAk;.
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epj;jpy mzpAk;> gts
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tay;fspy; nrd;W cyTfpwjhk;.
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cyTjyhy; mopitj; jtpu NtW vd;d tpisAk; vd;W khjtp Nfl;fpd;whs;.
fodpfspy; fly; ePh; GFtJ Kiwad;. ePAk; Ntwplj;jpy; Gf epidg;gJ Kiwad;W
vd;W vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;whs;.
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md;id xU ehs; mwpaNt nra;ths;.
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xOf;fk; ,d;W Fiwthf ,Uf;fyhk;.
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(fl;Lg;gLj;jp)
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; f
; kyh; NghYk;
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‘vd; kfSf;F ,f;nfhLik ,ioj;jth; ahh;?’ vd;W Nfl;L mwpe;J nfhs;thshapd;
ehd; vd;d nra;a KbAk;”.
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tUfpd;wJ.
miy
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tha;
kyh;e;Jk;
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cytp
miy jhsKk;>
gtsKk; nfhz;L cyTfpd;wJ. mq;Ff; fth;e;J nfhs;Sk; tiy Kd;wp-y; tphpj;J
itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
miy kfpo;rr
; pahf te;jhYk; jhsj;ijAk;> gtsj;ijAk;
tiyaplk; ,oe;Jtpl;L tUj;jj;NjhL nry;Yjy; ,og;gha;; vd;d MNdd; vd;W
motha;” vd;fpd;whs;.
3. ‘Gyhy; ehw;wj;ijg; ngw;W me;ehw;wk; ngw;wjw;fhf tUe;jp> me;ehw;wj;ijg;
Nghf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhfr; NrhiyfSf;fpilNa GFe;J nrd;W> Mz;L cjph;e;J
fplf;Fk; gok;G+f;fspd; fyit kzj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L miy te;J cyhTfpd;w
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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Nrh;g;gNd gythW rpe;jpj;Jk; ,J vd;d Nehahy; tpise;jJ vd;W gpwh; f;zlwpa
Kbahj Jf;fj;jpy; jiytp tUe;j> mjdhy; tUj;jKw;w md;id> jiytpapd; Neha;
jiytdhy; te;jJ vd;W gpwh; mwpahjit mwpe;J nfhs;s NeUkhapd; ehd; vd;
nra;Ntd;. MfNt> md;id mwpAKd; tiue;J nfhs;f.
‘miyahdJ jd;dplk; ,ay;ghf cs;s Gyhy; ehw;wj;ijr; Nrhiyfspy;
rpe;jpAs;s gok;G+f;fisf; nfhz;L khw;wpf; nfhz;L cyhTfpd;whw; Nghyf; Nfhty!
cd;dplk; ,ay;ghf cs;s ngUq;fhk Ntl;ifia kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L> fhjy;> md;G
vd;W Ngrpj; jphpfpd;wha;.
,k;%d;W ghly;fspYk; miy mzpfSk;> MilAk;
Gide;J cyhTtjw;fhfTk;> eif nra;Jk; (rphpj;Jk;)> tha; kyh;e;Jk; (ciuahbAk;)
jphptjhfTk;>
jd;
jPa
ehw;wj;ij
(xOf;fj;ij)
ed;dhw;wj;jhy;
kiwj;Jf;
nfhs;tjhfTk; $Wtjidf; Nfhtyd; ,ay;GfNshL xg;gpl;Lg; ghh;j;jhy; ,jd;
thapyhff; NfhtyidNa Fwpg;gpLfpd;whs; vd;gJ njspthFk;.
%d;whk; gFjp
,j;jid Mz;Lfs; md;G G+z;L xOfpa Nfhtyd; ,g;NghJ khwptpl;lhNd
jd; Gjpa cwTf;F vd;Dila xg;Gjiy NtW Nfl;fpd;whNd ,jw;F xg;GtJ jhd;
fw;G vd;W NgRfpd;whNd vd;W kd mikjp ,oe;j khjtp> ek;gpf;if ,oe;J
Gyk;Gtjid mLj;j Jiwapy; ghh;f;fg;g NghfpNwhk;.
nghOJ (khiy) fz;L
Mw;whJ
Kd;dh;f;
mykUk;
,ay;G
NfhtyYilaJ
vd;gJ
fhl;lg;gl;lJ.
Nfhtydpd; ,t;tpay;igj; jd;dpay;ghf khw;wpf; nfhz;L khjtp ghLfpd;whs;
,jdhy; Nfhtyd; cs;sk; rw;NwDk; fdpahjh vd;W vz;zpapUg;ghs;. mtSila
ghl-y; ek;gpf;if mopT jhd; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jd;Dila jUf;f thjj;jpwikfs;
Nfhtyd; Kfj;jpy; ve;j khWjiyAk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gij mwpe;jhs;> vdNt
,dp cs;sk; fiua Ntz;LtJjhd; gad;jUk; vd;W KbntLf;fpwhs;. fy;iyAk;
gpire;J fdpahf;Fk; jd;ikad mts; ghly;fs;.
1. ‘KWf;ftpo;e;j kyh;fisf; $e;j-y; mzpe;jtNs ,isa ,Us; vq;Fk; ftpe;J
tpl;lJ. gfiyr; nra;Ak; QhapW kiwe;J tpl;lhd;. epf;Fjw;fhpa jdpikj;
Jauhy; fz;fs; ePiug; nghope;jd.
gphpTj;Jauhy; vd; tisay;fs; foy>
neUg;igr; rpe;jpf; nfhz;L te;j ,k;khiyg; nghOJ ek;ikg; gphpe;J nrd;w
jiythpd; ehl;bYk; cz;Nlh?
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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kUs; khiy Neuk; neUg;igr; rpe;Jk; QhapW kiwe;jgpd;> ,Us; vt;thW
neUg;igr; rpe;j KbAk;? mJ jhd; fhjy;.
mtSila Jauntg;gk; gbf;Fk;
ek;ikAk; $lr; RLfpd;wJ.
2. ‘fjputd; kiwe;J tpl;lhd;. fhpa ,Us; vq;Fk; gutp tpl;lJ. kyh; Nghd;w
ikAz;l fz;fs; Jd;gf; fz;zPiur; nrhhpe;jd.
Kfj;jpidAilaNs
ntz;zpyiy
ckpo;e;J
Gjpa kjp Nghd;w
Qhapw;iw
tpOq;fp
te;j
,k;kaf;fk; jUk; khyg;nghOJ ek;ik tpl;Lg; gphpe;J nrd;w jiytdpd;
ehl;bYk; cz;Nlh?
tpOq;fp ckpo;tJ jhd; ,ay;ghd eilKiw> mjw;F khwhf kjpia ckpo;e;J>
fjpiu tpOq;fpajhff; $Wtjpy; kPz;Lk; xU kdf;Fog;gj;ijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. rpwpJ
njspTw;wJ Nghy khjtp tpsq;fpdhYk; kPz;Lk; Fog;gkilfpwhs; vd;gjidNa
,J fhl;LfpwJ.
,g;ghl-y; Kjw;ghl-y; nrhy;yg;gl;l nra;jpfs;jhk; kPz;Lk;
$wg;gLfpd;wd. czh;r;rp tag;gl;l xU kdpjd; xNu nra;jpiaj; jpUk;gj;jpUk;gf;
$Wjy; jtph;f;f KbahjJ> ,e;j cstpay; El;gj;ijj;jhd; ,uz;lhtJ ghly;
vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ.
3. ‘gwitfs; jj;jk; $Lfis mile;J x-mtpe;jd.
epWj;j
epy;yhj
jdpikj;
Jd;gk;
R+hpaDk; kiwe;jhd;.
mjpfhpj;jJ; neba
fz;fs;
ePiur;
nrhhpe;jd. kyh; R+ba Foyha;! kwj;jpidAilajhfp vd; capiuf; ftu te;j
mk;kUs;khiy ek;ikj; Jwe;J nrd;w jiythpd; ehl;bYk; csJ nfhy;’.
,e;j kUs; khiy kjpia ckpo;e;j> fjpiu tpOq;fpf; fz;zPh; nghopa
itj;jJ.
,g;nghOJ vd; capiuf; ftu vd; Nky; gha;fpwJ vd;fpwhs; khjtp.
khiyg; nghOJ NfhtyDf;F kaf;fk; jUk; nghOJ vd;gij khjtp mwpths;.
MfNt> mk;khiy jUk; Jauj;ij vLj;Jf; $wpdhy;> Nfhtyd; cs;sk; fiuAk;
vd;gjhy; ,t;thW ghLfpd;whs;.
jiytp khiyg;nghOJ fz;L $wy;> vd;w
JiwapYk;>
,ijj;jhd;
mjw;F
JiwapYk;>
$Wfpwhs;.
Mf>
,k;%d;W
JiwfspYk; ,k;khiyj; Jauj;ijj;jhd; ghLfpwhs;? Vd;? Nfhtypd; gytPdj;ijj;
jd; gykhf Mf;fpf;nfhs;s khjtp glhjghL gLfpd;whs;.
,dp>
mLj;j
Jiwahf
tUk;
‘Njhop
,aw;gopf;fj;
jiytp
nkhope;jJ’ vd;w Jiwapy; XusT ek;gpf;ifNahL NgRfpd;whs; khjtp.
,ay;gl
jhd;
khiyj;Jauk; Nfhtyd; cs;sj;ij mirj;Nj ,Uf;Fk; vd;w vz;zj;jhy; Gjpa
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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ek;gpf;if gpwf;fpwJ. ,aw;glnkhope;jJ vd;w JiwNa jiytd; khl;Lj; jdf;Fs;s
ek;gpf;ifiaj; jiytp ntspg;gLj;JtJjhd;.
1. ‘jhiofisNa Nt-ahff; nfhz;l flw;fopapy; te;J ek; tpisahl;L ,ay;ig
mopj;Jg; Nghdhh; xUth;. mt;thW mopj;Jg; Nghd mth; kaf;fk; nfhz;l
ek; kdj;ij tpl;L ePq;fkhl;lhh;.
,jw;F Ke;jpa ghly;fspy;> ‘jze;jhh;’
‘Nghdhh;’ ‘Jwe;jhh;’ vd;nwy;yhk; $wpats; ek;iktpl;L mfykhl;lhh; vd;W
$WtJ ek;gpf;ifjhNd.
tha;nkhop fhth mtd; xU ngha;ad; vd;W Njhop gopj; jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,e;jg; gopg;Gf;Fj;jhd;.
jiytp Nkw;fz;lthW gjpyspj;J> ek;iktpl;L ‘mfy;thh;
my;yh;’ vd;w ek;gpf;ifia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whs;.
2. ‘fhdw; Nrhiyfis Nt-ahff; nfhz;l fopaplj;J te;J> eP ey;F vd;W
ek;gpd; epd;whh; xUth;. mt;thW epd;w mth;> ehk; khd; Nghy kUz;L ghh;j;j
ghh;itia kwf;f khl;lhh;”.
,g;ghl-y; khjtp> NfhtyDf;Fk;> jdf;Fk; fsT newp cz;L vd;gijf;
fhl;LtJ Nghy cs;sJ. mtd; khiyia thq;fp kzthsd; MFKd;Ng ,th;fs;
xUtiu xUth; mwpe;jpUg;ghh;fs; NghYk;> $dp> khiyiaf; ifapy; Ve;jp> tpiy$wp
epw;ftpy;iy.
te;jJk;.
Nfhtyd; me;j ,lj;jpw;F tUk; tiuf; $dp epd;Wtpl;L> mtd;
khiyia thq;fpf; nfhz;L mtis chpikahf;fp cs;shd; vd;W
nfhs;tJ nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Nfhtyd; khiyia thq;FKd; khjtpiaf; fhd-y; fz;l epfo;rr
; pia
,g;ghl-y; $Wfpd;whs; vd;W nfhs;tJ Kiwjhd;.
fz;lNghJ ‘eP ey;F’ vd epd;wpUf;ff; $Lk;.
mt;thW mtd; mtisf;
mg;NghJ mts; nfhz;l kUz;l
Nehf;ifg; gpd;dh; mtsplk; $wpapUj;jYk; $Lk;. mjid ,g;NghJ epidT+l;Lk;
nghUl;L> ‘khNdhh; Nehf;fk; kwg;ghhh; my;yh;” vd;W mts; $wp ,Uf;fyhk;.
3. ‘New;W md;dk;> jd; JizNahL MLtjidf; fz;L mjidAk; Nehf;fp
vd;idAk; fhkf; Fwpg;NgL Nehf;fpathW xUth; epd;whh;.
New;W mt;thW
epd;w mth; nghd;id xj;j ek; Rzq;if tpl;Lg; gphpe;J Nghfkhl;lhh;”.
,g;ghl-Yk;
xU
gioa
epfo;r;rpia
cl;nfhz;L
khjtp
ghLfpd;whs;.
Rzq;if tpl;Lg; gphpatpy;iy vd;why; griy Njhd;whJ. NkYk;> Rzq;Fk;> mjd;
moFk; mth;fF
; g; gpbj;j xd;W.
,g;Ngr;irg; ghh;j;jhy; nghOJ fz;L Mw;whJ
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ghbaNghJ ,Ue;j mtek;gpf;if> ,g;nghOJ ek;gpf;ifahf khwpapUf;fpwJ vd;W
mwpayhk;.
fopglh; fpstp:
mLj;J
tUk;
Jiw>
,e;j
ek;gpf;if
epiyngwtpy;iy
vd;gij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk;. ,g;ghl-d; Kbtpy;> Nfhtyd; Kfj;jpy; VjhtJ khw;wk; njhpfpwjh
vd;W ghh;j;jpUg;ghs;.
mq;F ve;j khw;wKk; Njhd;wtpy;iy.
,ilapy; mts;
nfhz;l ek;gpf;if> mtek;gpf;if MfpwJ. me;jj; Jiw> fhkkpf;f fopglh; fpstp>
vy;iy
fle;j
fhkj;jhy;
tpisAk;
mstpwe;j
Jaiu
ntspg;gLj;Jk;
nrhy;
vd;gjhFk;.
FUF - tae;jkhiy thuhNj:
‘FUNf thuhNj vdk; fhd-lj;Nj thuhNj. FUNf thuhNj. vk; fhd-lj;Nj
thuhNj. miy cile;J ePhj
; ; jptiyfshfr; rpjWk; Nrh;g;gDf;F vd;id tUj;Jk;
,e;Nehia vLj;Jf; $whj FUNf thuhNj vk; fhd-lj;Jk; thuhNj”.
jdf;Fk;
NfhtyDf;Fk; cs;s cwit ed;Fzh;e;j FUNf cz;ikNa czh;j;jpf; Nfhtyd;
kdk; khwr; nra;atpy;iy vd;w vhpr;ry; ,q;Fg; gspr;rpLfpd;wJ.
‘milay; FUNf milay; vk; fhdy;”
,q;Ff;FUFf;F czh;j;JtJ Nghyf; $l ,Ue;j tae;jkhiyf;Fk; Xh;
vr;rhpf;ifia tpLfpd;whs; khjtp.
vk;ghy;
Nrh;ff
; tpy;iynad;why;>
vd;fpd;whs; khjtp.
Nrh;g;gDf;F ahDw;w Nehia vLj;Jf;$wp
vk;ghy;
thuhNj;
vk;
,y;yj;jpw;F
thuhNj
tae;jkhiy ,jd; fhuzkhf tPl;b-Ue;J tpul;lg;gl;bUf;f
Ntz;Lk;>
xU Kidg;gl;L te;j miy cile;J rpjWtjid> xUkdg;gl;L tho;e;j
Nfhtyd; ,d;W kdQ; rpjwp cs;shd; vd;gjhff; nfhs;syhk;. tae;jkhiyNa eP
jLj;J
kPz;Lk;
xUkdg;gl;L
xUkdg;gLj;Jf
tho
vd;W
cjttpy;iyNay;>
Ntz;bf;
milay;
vk;
nfhs;fpwhs;.
fhdy;
mt;thW
(,y;yk;)
vd;W
mr;RWj;Jfpwhs;.
ehd;fhk; gFjp
fl;Liu : ,sq;Nfh $w;W:
,g;NghJk;> Nfhtyd; kj;jpy; ve;j khw;wKk; Vw;gltpy;iy.
Kw;Wk; mope;Jtpl;ljhf mts; vz;Zfpwhs;.
jd; ek;gpf;if
,e;epiyapy; ,sq;Nfh mbfs;
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Njhd;wp> ‘fl;Liu’ vd;w ngahpy; xU tpsf;fk; jUfpwhh;.
Nfhtyd; ghbdhw;
NghyNt> khjtp jd; fhe;jd; NghYk; nky;-a tpuyhy; iff;fpisf; Fuyhf
,d;dpirAila nrt;topg;ghiy vd;w ,iria Kiwahfg; ghbg; gpd; NtnwhU
gz;izg; ghbd. ,Jtiug; ghb te;j gz;iz khw;wpr; nrt;topg;ghiyia ahopy;
,ir vOg;gp> mjd;gpd;dh;j;jhd; ghl ,Uf;Fk; NtnwhU ghl-d; nghUSf;F Vw;g>
NtnwhU gz;Zf;F khwpdhs; vd;gJ ,sq;Nfh $w;W. ,uq;fy; czh;r;rpf;F Vw;g>
tpshpg;ghiyf;F khwpdhs;.
NtW gz;zp-Ue;J nrt;topg; ghiyf;F te;J mjd;
gpd;dh; tpshpg;ghiyiag; ghbdhs; vd;W nfhs;f.
nghOJ fz;L $Wjy;:
‘jiytp khiyg;nghOJ fz;L $Wjy;’ mLj;j JiwahFk;. ,uq;fp epw;Fk;
khjtp> ,uq;fYf;Fhpa khiyg; nghOjpy;> ,uq;fYf;Fhpahh; ghLk; tpshpg;ghiyia
,irf;fpd;whs;.
,uq;fYk;> mjdhy; Njhd;Wk; mtyKk; mts; ghLk; ghl-d;
xt;nthU mirtpYk;> Vd; xt;nthU vOj;jpYki; nghq;fpg; gue;J tUfpd;wJ.
1. ‘nea;jy; epy kf;fs; ghLk; tpshpg; ghiyapid ehd; ghLk; nghOJ
khiyg;nghONj! vd;id kaq;fr; nra;J ,sp vd;w euk;Gf;Fg; gif euk;ghd
fpis
vd;w
nra;jptpl;lha;.
euk;gpy;
tpuy;
gLkhW
nra;J
,d;dh
,ir
vOkhW
,t;thW vd; caphpDk; Nkyhd ,irapy; ,d;dh ,ir
Njhd;WkhW nra;jJ ePjhd; vd;why; eP vd; capiug; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;s ty;yha;.
khiyg;nghONj thop. vd; Mtpiag; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;”.
,jpy;>
khjtp
nfhz;l
Jauk;>
mtSila
mstpw;Fr; nrd;Ws;sijg; ghh;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
RaepiditNa
mopf;Fk;
khjtpf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s kdf;Fog;gk;>
ePz;l fhyg; gapw;rpahy; te;j gof;fj;ijNa khw;wptpLfpd;wJ.
kpfr; rpwe;j
gapw;rpAila khjtpNa mgRuk;gLkhW gif euk;gpNy tpuy; itj;jhs; vd;why;
mtSf;fpUe;j kdf;Fog;gk; vj;jifaJ vd;gij ehk; mwpayhk;.
kdf;Fog;gpj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; Nfhtyd; jhd;.
,j;jifa
Mdhy; Nfhtyid Nehpilahff;
Fw;wQ;rhl;lhJ> khiy je;;j kaf;fk; jhd; ,irapy; Fw;wk; ,ioj;J tpl;lJ vd;W
$Wfpd;whs;.
2. ‘gphpe;J nry;Yk; fhyj;jpy;> fhjyh; md;NghL Fwpa mUs;fdpw; cWjp
nkhopfshfpa Nrhiy epo-y; jq;fg;gphptpdhy; Vw;gl;l ntg;gj;ij khw;wp> vd;W
tUthh; vd;w Vf;fj;NjhL tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd; caphpd; Gwj;Nj> V
khiyf;fhyNk
eP
Kw;Wif
,l;Ls;sha;.
vd;
caphpd;
Gwj;Nj
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Kw;Wifapl;Ls;sJ eP jhd; vd;why; cs;spUf;Fk; t-ikaw;w Nte;jdhfpa
vd; kjpw;Gwj;Nj Kw;Wifapl;bUf;Fk; Nte;jNdhL (Nfhtyd;) khiyNa eP
vd;d cwTilia?”
gphpT ngg;gj;ijj; jzpj;Jf; nfhs;sf; fhjyhpd; NguUs; epoy; Jiz
nra;Ak;.
Mdhy; vdf;Nfh epoy;> neUg;ghf khwp tpl;lJ.
,e;epiyapy;
khiyg;nghONj eP vd; capiu KIw;Wif ,Lfpd;wha; ,J epahakh? xU Ngijg;
ngz;iz mopg;gjw;F caphpd; Gwj;Nj xUtUk;> Nfhl;il kjp-d; Gwj;Nj xUtUk;
Kw;Wik ,lNtz;Lkh?
xU gf;fk; khiyg;nghOJ> kWgf;fk; rpdk; nfhz;l Nfhtyd;.
,uz;L
gf;fj;jp-Uf;fk; jhfFjy; Kw;Wif. ,UGwj;Jk; ngUq;fspW gw;wp ,Oj;j Nja;Ghpg;
goq;fapW Nghy my;yth vd; epiy Mfptpl;lJ. fapW MWjy; xU jiy; vd; caph;
,WjYk; xU jiy vd;fpd;whs; khjtp.
3. ‘Jd;gk; jUk; Neha; vy;iyapd;wp tsuTk;> gfw;nghOijr; nra;j QhapW Ngha;
kiwaTk;> ,t;itafk; mr;rj;jhy; fz;iz %bf; nfhs;sTk; kUs; khiyNa
eP vd;why;> Jd;gk; jUk; Nehia kpFtpg;gtNu vd;id kze;jth;. V khiyg;
nghONJ ,t;TyfNk tWikAw;W tpl;lJ”.
kUs; khiyapy; ehd; kl;Lk; mQ;rpNdd; my;Nyd; itafNk mQ;rpf; fz;
Gijj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. mjdhy; jhd; ,e;j cyfNk (fhjy; tWikAw;W tpl;lJ
vd;fpwhs; khjtp. khiyapd; ,ay;Gk;> kze;jhhpd; ,ay;Gk; ,t;thW ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j
cyfk; vg;gb ca;Ak;? cs;s KbahJ vd;fpd;whs;.
jhd; Jd;Gw;why; cyfNk Jd;gKWtjhfTk;> jhd; kfpo;ejhy; cyfNk
kfpo;tjhfTk; vz;zpf; nfhs;tJ kdpj ,aw;if.
,jd;gbNa khjtp> jhDw;w
fhjy; tWikia cyfKk; va;jpajhff; $wpdhs;.
Vo;ikg;gl;lhh; ,ue;J gpd;dpw;wy; ,aw;if. ,q;Nf khjtp> Nfhtyd; jdf;Ff;
nfhLj;Js;s md;G tWikiaj; jhq;fhjtshfpf; NfhtyDw;w fhjy; tWikiaf;
fisthahf vd;W Ntz;LtJ ,g;ghl-d; mtha; epiyf; fUj;jhFk;. tWikf;Fk;
NkYk; xU tWikia - mjhtJ ,uz;Lf;Fk; tWikia Vw;Wk;> khiyNa epd;
nray; jf;fjd;W vd;gjd; thapyhf> khiy je;j JauNk nghpjhFk;. ,e;epiyapy;>
epd; md;G tWik jUk; Jauk;> NkYk; xU Rikahf khWNkahdhy; ahd; caph;
tho;jy; vq;qdk;? vd;gJ mtha; epiyahfg; ngWk; fUj;jhFk;.
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Kd;dh;> flNyhjKk;> FUFk; tae;jkhiyf;Ff; FwpaPlhf;fg; gl;ld Nghy>
,g;ghl-y; tUk; khiyAk; tae;j khiyf;Ff; FwpaPlhf;fg;gl;Ls;sjid cw;W Nehf;fp
mwpayhk;.
‘khiy eP Mapd; kze;jhh; mtuhapd;
QhyNkh ey;$h;e;jJ’
vdtUk; %d;whk; ghl-d; mbfs; ,f;fUj;ij ed;whfj; Jyf;Ffpd;wd.
vd;w nrhy;Yf;F kaf;fk; vd;Dk; nghUs; cz;L.
khiy
eP kaf;Fj-y; ty;iy.
kze;jtNuh vspath;. ,t;thwhapd; Qhyk; ey;$h;jy; xUjiy vd;fpd;whs; khjtp.
khiy eP vd;why; - kze;jhh; mth; vd;why; vd;Dk;NghNj khiyapd; td;ikAk;>
kze;jhhpd; nkd;ikAk; kpfj; njspthf vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;L tpLfpd;wd.
khjtp ghLk; fhdy; thpg; ghly;fspy; %d;W Jiwfs; jhk;> Kd;dpWj;jpg;
ghbatdhfTk;> Kd;dpiy tha;ghl;bYk; mike;jit. n ghOJfz;L Mw;whshfpa
jiyikkfs;> Njhopf;F ciuj;jy; vd;Dk; tha;ghl;by; JiwAk;> ,aw;gl nkhopjy;
vd;Dk; JiwAk; $l Kd;dpiy tha;ghl;by; mike;jdNt> Kd;dpWj;jpg; ghbad
fhkkpf;f fopglh; fpstpAk;> Kfkpy; thpahf tUk; fhkkpf;f fpstpAk;> jiytp
khiyg;
nghOJ fz;L $WjYk; Mfpa %d;Wjhk; Kd;dpWj;jp ghbadthfTk;>
Kd;dpiy tha;g;ghl;by; mike;jdthfTk; cs;sd.
Kd;dpWj;jg;gl;L>
tha;e;j
khiyiaf;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
Kjy; Jiwapy; flNyhjk;
,uz;lhtjpy;
FUF
Kd;dpWj;jg;gl;L> tae;jkhiyiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. %d;whtjpy; khiy epWj;jg;gl;L>
tae;jkhiyiaf;
Kd;dpWj;jpg;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ.
ghba
ghly;fs;
Mff;
flNyhjk;>
tae;jkhiyia
FUF
khiy
czh;j;Jk;
Mfpad
FwpaPlfshf
$wg;gLfpd;wd.
Jah;f;fl-y; %o;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jd;idf; fhg;ghw;wj; JUk;gidia
md;igNaDk; ntspg;gLj;jkhl;lhdh vd;W mtd; Kfj;ijNa Kw;Wifapl;bUe;j
mts; fz;fspy; xsp Fd;wpaNjd;wp cUg;gbahd gyd; xd;Wk; fpl;ltpy;iy.
vy;yhk; Kbe;J tpl;lJ. ,dp Kbtjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy vd;w epiyapy; jpBnud;W xU
kpd;dy; fPwW
; mtd; kdj;jpy; Njhd;WfpwJ.
Mw;W thpf;Fg; gpd;> Nfhtyd; ghba Kjy; ghly; epidtpy; NKhJfpd;wJ.
‘fhpakyh; neLq;fz; fhhpif Kd; fly; nja;tk; fhl;b mhpa R+d; ngha;j;jhh;
mwdpyh;” vd;w ghly;jhd; mJ jhDk; mtDk; Gfhh;f; flw;fiuapy; re;jpj;jNghJ>
,g;gbj;jhNd mtd; R+Siuj;jhd;. fly; nja;tj;ijf; fhl;b my;yth cWjp nkhop
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$wpdhd;. ,d;W ,k;nkhopfs; cWjpnkhopfs; Mapd. R+Siu ngha;j;jhy;> fly;
nja;tk; mtDf;Fj; jz;lid toq;fpLNkh? vd;W mQ;Rfpd;whs;.
my;yy; nfhLj;jtd; mtjpAwl;Lk; vd;W vz;Zk; fPo;ik ,ay;G khjtpaplk;
,y;iy.
mts; cs;sk; NgUs;sk;; ‘ek;ik kwe;jhiu ehk; kwf;fkhl;Nlhk;” vd;W
$Wk; thdshtpa cah;r;rpia cilaJ.
vdNt> kho;fp epd;w jd; kdj;ijj;
Njw;wpf; nfhz;L rkepiyf;F te;J tpLfpd;whs;.
Ie;jhk; gFjp
me;jr;
rkepiy
cs;sk;>
‘tiuT
ePl;bj;j
,lj;Jj;
jiykfs;
epiwg;Gwj;jhdhfj; Njhop $Wjy;” vd;W Jiwaike;j ghliyg; ghLfpd;wJ.
‘jPiaj; Johtpf; nfhz;L te;j Jd;gk; jUk; ,k;khiyg; nghOjpy; G+f;fs; fkOk;>
fhd-y; ehk; MUkwpahJ Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ed;ik jUk; nrhw;fshy; mike;j> vd;
jiytd; (Nfhtyd;) $wpa ngha;r;R+Siuiag; nghWj;Jf; nfhs; vd;W fhpa fly;
nja;tNk
epd;
epw;fpd;whsd;.
kyubfis
tz;q;Ffpd;Nwhk;”.
jiykfd;
rpiwg;Gwkhf
mfj;Nj ,Ue;j Nfhtyd; Gwkhfp epw;fpd;whd;.
,UtUf;Fk;
,ilNa epd;W gphpg;gJ (rpiw) Nt-.
me;j Nt- tae;jkhiy vd;w Nt-jhd;.
khjtpf;Fk;> NfhtyDf;Fk; ,ilNa tae;jkhiy jLj;J epw;fpd;whs;.
mjdhy;
jhd;> mtd; Gwj;jhdhfp tpl;lhd; vd;gij ,j;Jiwiaj; Njh;e;nhLj;Jg; ghLtjpy;
khjtp ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhs;. mts; Gwkhfpg; NghdhYk;> jhd; Gwkhfpg; Nghftpy;iy
vd;gijj; njspthff; $Wfpwhs;.
vd; jiyth; $wpa ngha;r;R+isg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;f vd;W $wpaJk;>
mr;nrhw;fs; Nfhtyd; Kfj;jpy; miwe;jhw;Nghy ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jd;dyk;
fUjhky; Nfhtyd; eyj;ijNa nghpJk; fUjp> khjtp fly; nja;tj;jplk; Ntz;LtJ
mtd; kdj;ij nefpor; nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whYk; jd; fUj;Jf;F vjph; fUj;J
nkhopfpd;whNs vd;w vhpr;ry; mtid tpl;L mfytpy;iy. ahuhapDk;> jd;NdhL
cld;gl;L tUtijj;jhd; mtd; tpUk;Gthd;.
,jidj;jhd; Nfhtyd; tha;ghL
vd;fpNwhk;. tpUg;G: jil te;jhy;> ntWg;G.
fhdy; thpapd; Gwthap-y;
1. Nfhtyd; fhy;fisj; jisj;j fhjy; ghly;fs;:
khjtpapd; neQ;RUf;Fk; ghly;fs; Nfhtyidg; nghpJk; jsur; nra;jd. vd;
tpUg;gj;jpw;F vjph;g;G vd;gij mtdhy; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. kWg;ig
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kl;Lk; Nfhtyd; ntspg;gLj;jpapUe;jhy;> vg;nghONjh mtd; ,e;j ,lk; tpl;Lg;
NghapUg;ghd;.
fy;Yk; fiua mts; ghba fhjy; ghly;fs; jhk; XLk; fhy;fisr;
rpwpNj jisj;Js;sd.
2. khjtpapd; fw;G Nkk;ghL czh;e;jtd; Nfhtyd;:
Nfhtyd; khjtpia ntWj;Jg; NgRtJ cz;ikjhd;; ngha;j;jp> cz;ik
Ngrhjts; vd;nwy;yhk; VRfpwhd;.
Mdhy; mtd; khjtpiaf; fw;gp- vd;W
Ngrpajpy;iy. ‘fhdy; thp ahd;ghlj;jhd; xd;wpd; Nky; kdk; itj;J khag;ngha; gy
$l;Lk; khaj;jhs; ghbdhs;” vd;W jhd; NgRfpd;whNdh jtpu xUtd; Nky; kdk;
itj;J ghbdhs; vd;W $wtpy;iy.
Nfhyd;> gop nrhy;y mQ;rhjtd; jhd;.
MdhYk;> ‘jhd; xUtd; Nky; kdk; itj;Jg; ghbdhs;’ vd;W nrhy;y mtDf;Nf
Jzptpy;iy vd;why; khjtpapd; fw;G Nkk;ghL vj;jifaJ vd;gij mwpayhk;.
Nfhtyd; fhdy; thp ghbdhd;:
‘fhdy; thp ahd; ghl’ vd;W Nfhtyd;> jhd; ghbaJ fhdy; thpj;Jiwg;
ghly;fNsad;wp
Ntnwhd;Wk;
cz;ikapy;iy.
,td; kdjpy; fs;sk; Fb nfhz;bUe;jJ vd;gij Mw;Wthpg;
ghly; njspthff; fhl;LfpwJ.
,y;iy
vd;W
NgRfpd;whd;.
cWjpahf
,J
gpd;dh;> mtd; ghba vy;yhg; ghlq;fspYk;
cs;Siwg; nghUshf mtd; fs;sk; ntspg;glNt nra;jJ vd;whYk; mtd;
$Wfpd;whd; ‘fhdy; thp ahd; ghl’ vd;W.
3. kdk; itj;j me;j xd;W tae;jkhiyNa:
,dpj; jhd; xd;wpd; Nky; itj;Jg; ghbdhs; vd;fpwhNdh Nfhtyd;> me;j
xd;W vJ? me;j xd;W> Nfhtyd; ntspg;gLJ;jpa tae;jkhiyNkw; nfhz;l
Mirf;F mts; kWg;G ciuj;jJ jhd;.
jhd; xd;wpd;Nky; kdk; itj;Jg;
ghlhjnghOJ ,ts; Vd; jhd; xd;wpd;Nky; kdk; itj;Jg; ghl Ntz;Lk;? ,y;yhj
xd;iw ,ts; ,l;Lf;fl;bg;ghLtjdhy; ‘,ts; khag; ngha; gy $l;Lk; khaj;jhNs”
vd;fpwhd; Nfhtyd;.
4. Cbg; ghbats; cUfpg;ghLfpwhNs:
jd;Dila cs;sf;Fwpg;ig kWj;Jg; Ngrpajhy;> mtgd; mts; kPJ rpdk;
nfhz;lJ cz;ikjhd;.
Mdhy;> mts; ghba khiyf; fhiyg; ghly;fisf;
Nfl;lgpd; mtDila rpdk; XusT Fiwe;J Ngha;tpl;lJ.
jd;Dila fhjy;
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Fwpg;igf; fz;L Cbg;ghbats;> ,g;NghJ cUfpg; ghLfpd;whNw ,J cz;ik
jhdh? vd;W fz;lwpa xU Nrhjidia Nkw;nfhs;fpd;whd; Nfhtyd;.
5. vOJk; vd;wTld; votpy;iy khjtp:
ntz;fhy; mkspkpir mikjpahf mkh;e;jpUe;j Nfhtyd; jpBnud;W> vOe;J
“ nghOJ <q;Ff; fope;jJ Mj-d; vOJk;” vd;WS $Wfpd;whd;.
‘fhyk; fle;J
tpl;lJ; MfNt ,y;yk; VFNthk; th vd;W mtd; mioj;jij khjtp clNd
gw;wpf;nfhz;L
vOe;J
nry;ytpy;iy.
mts;
vOe;J
nrd;wpUe;jhy;
rpyg;gjpfhuj;ijf; fhdy;thpNahL Kbe;jpUf;Fk;. cz;ikapy; ahopir Nky; itj;J
Co;tpid cUj;J tutpy;iy. mts; cld; vohik jhd; Nfhtyd; gphpe;J nry;yf;
fhuzk; Mapw;W.
mtDf;Fg; ngUQ;rpdj;ijAk; cz;lhf;Ffpd;wJ.
ngUQ;rpdj;jpdhy; jhd; khjtpiaj; Jwe;J nry;fpd;whd;.
,e;jg;
khjtpapd; Klq;fiy
kWj;J kdk;Nghdgb vy;yhk; NgRfpd;whd;. fz;zpfpaplk;> khjtpiaf; fz;lNghJ
NgRtnjy;yhky; mts; xUj;jpNa jd;Dila ngQ;nry;tg; Nguoptpw;Ff; fhuzk;
vd;W ehf;$rhJ tirghLfpd;whd;. khjtp jd;Dld; vOe;J tuNtz;Lk; vd;gJ
Nfhtyd; tpUg;gk;.
mt;tpUg;gk; khjtpahy; kWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
tpUg;G mjw;Fj;
jil te;jhy; ‘ntWg;G’ vd;gJ Nfhtydpd; ,ay;G md;Nwh?
6. Co;tpidahy; gphpj;jhd; vd;Dk; gopNghLk; cj;jp:
khjtp Nky; vOe;j Clyhy; Nfhtyd; khjtpiag; gphpe;jhd; vd;why;> xU
ngz;zpd; Cliyj; jzpj;J mtisf; $l Ntz;Lk; vd;w md;Gzh;r;rp rpwpJk;
,y;yhjtd; vd;w Fw;wr; rhl;bw;F Mshf NeUk;. Nfhtyd; Nky; vOe;j Clyhy;
jhd; mtDld; vohJ khjtp Nfhtyidg; gphpe;jhs; vd;why; CLk; chpikiaf;
NfhtyDf;F tpl;Lf; nfhLj;Jtpl;l khjtp - mtNdhL CLtjpy;iy vd;gjpy;
cWjpahf ,Ue;j khjtp> ,d;W CbaJ Vd;? ,e;j mwpTf; FiwghL mtSf;F
tuyhkh? vd;w Nfs;tpAk;> czh;r;rp tag;gl;L mwpit ,og;gts; vd;w gopAk;
mtSf;F tUk;> Nfhtyd; ,wg;Gk;> khjtp JwTk; ekf;F kpFe;j tUj;jj;ijj; ju
Ntz;Lkhdhy;
Ghpe;jhd;
mth;fs; ,f;Fiwfs; ,y;yhjth;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Jd;GWk;NghJ
ekf;Fg;
Jd;GWk;NghJ jhd; ghpT Vw;gLk;.
gphpT
Vw;gLtjpy;iy.
Fw;wk;
Fw;wk;
nra;ahjth;
,jdhy;jhd; Nfhtyd;> khjtp Fiwghl;il
kiwj;J Clyhy; gphpe;jij Co;tpidahy; gphpe;jjhff; fhl;bj; jiykf;fs; Rkf;f
Ntz;ba gopia Co;tpid Rkf;FkhW nra;fpd;whh; ,sw;Nfhtbfs;> ,sq;Nfh
ifahSk; kpfr;rpwe;j cj;jpfspy; ,JTk; xd;W.
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7. khjtp fz;zpfp NtWghL:
khjtp cld; vohikNa Nfhtyd; gphptpw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;gij kw;nwhU
Mjhuj;Jld; ghh;ff
; yhk;.
khjtp cld; Vohik mtd; neQ;rj;jpy; xU ePq;fhj
tLthfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ‘jd; jPJ ,ys;> vd; jPJ’ vd;W Nfhrpfkzpaplk; $wpa
gpwFk; $l me;j tL kiwatpy;iy vd;gij xU nra;jp ekf;F vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
kJiuapy; khjtpapd; tPl;by; jq;fpapUe;j NghJ> Nfhtyd; fz;zfpia Nehf;fpf;
fope;jjw;F ,uq;Ffpwhd;. ‘vOnfd vOe;jha; vd; nra;jid” vd;W tpaf;fpd;whd;>
vOf vdf; nrhd;dNghJ khjtp votpy;iy. Mdhy; fz;zfpNah> ‘Vlyh; Nfhjha;
vOf’ vd;wTld; vOe;J te;Jtpl;lhs;.
khjtpia tPl;Lf;Fj; jhd; mioj;jhd;.
fz;zfpia Ntw;W ehl;Lf;F mioj;jhd;.
khjtp kWj;jijf; fz;zfp clNd
cld;gl;L vOe;J te;jJ mtd; cs;sj;jpy; nefpo;r;rpia kl;Lk; cz;lhf;ftpy;iy.
khjtp cld; vohj epfo;rr
; p> Nfhtyd; kdjpy; tLthfTk; gjpAkhW nra;jJ.
8. khjtp tae;jkhiyia mDg;gpaJ Vd;? tae;jkhiyahy;jhd;
mioj;J tu KbAk;:
tae;jkhiyiaf;
Nfhtyd;
tpUk;gpaij
khjtp
ntWj;jhs;
vd;why;>
Nfhtyid mioj;Jtu khjtp> tae;jkhiyia Vd; mDg;g Ntz;Lk;? ,d;W
epfo;e;j gphpT xUj;jpia (tae;jkhiyia) mtd; tpUk;gpajhy; vOe;j Clyhy;
Njhd;wpa gphpT ,d;iwa gphptpw;fhd fhuzk; Nfhtyidr; rpdj;jpd; cr;rpf;Nf
nfhz;L nry;Yk; ,ay;gpdJ.
Gzh;r;rpapy; kpFe;j ehl;lKs;s Nfhtyd; ,uz;L
ehs; tuhikNa mtd; rpdj;jpd; vy;iyiaAk;> kdj;jpd; cWjpiaAk; njspthff;
fhl;btpl;ld.
,e;epiyapy; mtid> mtdhy; tpUk;gg;gl;l tae;jkhiyahy; jhd;
mioj;J tuKbAk; vd;W vz;zpfpwhs; khjtp.
9. tae;jkhiy kiwe;jpUe;jhs;:
Nfhtyd; gphpe;J nrd;w gpwF tae;jkhiy khjtpAld; jhd; te;jhs;.
MdhYk; tPl;bw;F te;j gpwF khjtp tae;jkhiy cwT mt;tsT ed;whf ,y;iy.
Nfhtyd; gphpthy; thba khjtpf;F MWjy; twp tae;jkhiy xU nrhy; $lf;
$wtpy;iy. jhio kl-y; gpj;jpif nfhO Kifiar; nrk;gQ;Rf; Fok;gpy; Njha;j;J
khjtp NfhtyDf;F kly; vOJfpd;whs;.
mg;nghOJ tae;jkhiy mq;fpy;iy.
gpwF khjtp> ‘tae;jkhiy tUnfdf; $ca;’ Ms;tpl;Lf; $g;gpL Klq;fiyf;
nfhLj;jDg;Gfpd;whd;.
,q;Nf>
tae;jkhiy
kiwthf>
khjtpapd;
fz;glh
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kiwe;jpUe;j fhuzk; vd;d? ,JTk; VNjh ele;jpUg;gjid kiwthff; Rl;bf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
10. tae;jkhiyapd; thl;lj;jpw;F Kf;fhuzk;:
Klq;fiy vLj;Jr; nrd;w tae;jkhiy Nfhtydplk; nfhLf;fpwhs;. mtd;
xU tirGuhzk; ghb Kbf;fpd;whd;.
Klq;fiyAk;
Nfhtyd;
kWj;J
tae;jkhiy> tha; jpwf;fNt ,y;iy.
tpLfpd;whd;.
mg;nghJ
‘;thba
cs;sj;J
tae;jkhiy” vd;w epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;whd;. mtd; thl;lk; vjdhy; tpise;jJ.
1. khjtpapd;
tpUg;gj;ij
epiwNtw;wf;
Nfhtyd;
mioj;J
tu
Kbatpy;iiyNa vd;gJ
2. khjtpf;Fj; jtW ,ioj;Jtpl;NlhNk vd;gJ
3. jdf;Fk; gadpd;wp> khjtpf;Fk; gadpd;wpf; Nfhtyd; Ngha;tpl;lhNd
vd;gJ. ,k;%d;Wk; fhuzq;fshy; thl;lk; Njhd;wpapUf;fyhk;.
11. kliy kWj;j nra;jp $wpdhs; tae;jkhiy:
tae;jkhiy - Nfhtyd; cwit khjtp xg;Gf;nfhz;l gpd;dUk;> Nfhtyd;
khjtp tPl;bw;F tuhik Xh; Iaj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;jpUf;ff; $Lk;.
tae;jkhiy>
khjtpapd; Klq;fiyf; Nfhtydplk; nfhz;L nrd;w NghJ> mth;fSf;Fs; vd;d
ciuahly; ele;jJ vd;gJ khjtpf;Fj; njhpahJ. jdf;Fj; Jizahfg; Ngrpdhsh?
gifahfg; Ngrpdhsh? vd;gij vy;yhk; mwpakhl;lhs;.
khjtpapd; ek;gpf;if>
tae;jkhiy nrd;W mioj;jhy; Nfhtyd; te;J tpLthd; vd;gJ. Mdhy; tae;j
khiyNah ntWq;ifNahL tUfpwhs;.
Nfhtyd; Klq;fiy kWj;j nra;jpiaf;
$Wfpd;whs; tae;jkhiy.
12.jdpf; Fbj;jdk; elj;jj; jpl;lNkh vd;w Iak;:
Nfhtyidf; fz;L Ngrpj; ‘jdpf;Fbj;jdk;’ elj;j top nra;J tpl;lhs;
NghYk;> mjdhy; jhd; tae;jkhiyaplk; tpUg;gkpUe;Jk; Nfhtyd; tutpy;iy vd;W
khjtp vz;zpapUf;fyhk;.
,e;j mDkhdj;jpw;F ,irthdjhf> tdrhhpzpapd;
$w;W mikfpwJ.
‘thrkhiyapd; vOjpa khw;wk;
jPjpNyd;> gpionkhop nrg;gpid Mj-d;
Nfhtyd; nra;jhd; nfhLik’
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‘jPjpNyd;> gpionkhop nrg;gpdha;’ vd;gjp-Ue;Nj> tae;jkhiy jdf;F ,uz;lfk;
nra;fpd;whs; vd vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhs; vd;gJ njhpfpwJ.
13.tae;jkhiy gpionkhop nrg;gpdhshk;:
ahd; jPJ ,Nyd;; ePjhd; jphpj;Jg; Ngrpf; Nfhtyd; kdj;ijf; nfLj;Jtpl;lha;
vd;W tae;jkhiyaplk; $wpaNjhL> khjtp mike;J tpltpy;iy. Nfhtyd; nra;j
nfhLikf;nfy;yhk; ePNa fhuzk; vd;W tae;jkhiy kPJ Fw;wKk; Rkj;Jfpwhs;.
fzpifahh;> tho;fi
; f filg;gl;l tho;f;if vd;W $wpf;
fz;zPh; nrhhpe;J>
mzpe;jpUe;j Kj;Jkhiyia mWj;J tPrp> tae;jkhiy kPJ rpdk; nfhz;L
ntspNaw;wptpl;lhs;.
14.rpy jilfSk; tpilfSk;
Nfhtyd; tae;jkhiyAld; thohjJ Vd;?
khjtpiag;
gphpe;j
Nfhtyd;>
tae;jkhiyAld;
thohJ>
fz;zfpia
mioj;Jf; nfhz;L kJiu nrd;wJ Vd;? vdNt> NfhtyDf;F tae;jkhiyaplk;
kaf;fk; ,y;iy vd;gh; rpyh;.
tae;jkhiyNahL> khjtp tPl;by; tho;tJ vd;gJ NtW; jdpNa tho;tJ NtW>
tae;jkhiyNahL ‘jdpf;Fbj;jdk;’ elj;j Ntz;Lkhdhy; mjw;Fg; nghUs; Njit.
me;jg; nghUs; Nfhtydplk; ,y;iy.
mtd;
tho;f;if
,Wjp
khjtpia tpl;Lf; fz;zfpaplk; te;jgpd;>
fhyj;jpy;>
khjtpapd;
nghUs;
tsj;jpy;jhd;
tho;e;jpUf;fpwhd;. ‘tae;jkhiyAld; epiwNtw;wpait’ vd;W khjtpaplk; fhdy;
thpg;
ghly;fspy;
,d;gEfh;r;rp
,jidNa
,g;gbj;jhd;
tw;GWj;jpdhd;.
mikAk;.
nghUspyh
vdNt>
nghUs;
tWikahsDf;F
,y;yhikahy;
jhd;
tae;jkhiyNahL tho;T elj;jhky; Nghfpd;whNd jtpu> Mir ,y;yhky; ,y;iy.
kiwthd ghj;jpw;Fj; jdpaplk; Vd;?
,sq;Nfhtbfs;
tae;jkhiy
ghj;jpuj;ij
mq;nfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhfr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.
kiwthd
epfo;r;rpfshy;
mts; Neubahfg; NgRtJ
fhg;gpaj;jpy; ,y;iy; gpwuhy; Ngrg;gLtJ kpF. ,Ue;Jk; fij mikg;gpy; mtSf;F
xU jdpaplk; jUfpwhh; ,sq;Nfh mbfs;.
tha; jpwe;J Ngrhj xUj;jpf;Ff;
fhg;gpaj;jpy; ,t;tsT ,lk; jUtJ Vd;?
tdrhuzp
tbT>
fij
tsh;r;rpf;Fk;
Njitapy;iy.
Nfhtydpd;
ngUikf;Fk; Jiz nra;ahJ vd;wwpe;j gpd;Dk; ,sq;Nfhtbfs; tdrhuzp
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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%ykhf tae;jkhiyiaf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F VNjDk; Nehf;fk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
NfhtyDf;Fk;> tae;jkhiyf;Fk; njhlh;gpUe;jJ vd;gij ntspg;gLj;j mts; fue;J
epw;fpwhs; vd;gijf; fhl;lj;jhd; tdrhuzp> jd; cUtk; fue;J> tae;jkhiy
cUtpy; tUtjhf ,sq;Nfhtbfs; fhl;Lfpd;whh; NghYk;.
Nfhtydpd; fhdy;thpg;ghl-y; xU nfz; Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gLfpwhs; vd;gij
ahUk; kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.
vd;gijtpl
mts; fz;zfpNah> khjtpNah ,y;iy.
,sq;Nfhtbfs; ,iykiwahfTk;>
,dq;fhl;bAk;
ahNuh xUj;jp
ntspg;gLj;Jk;
tae;j khiyjhd; Nfhtydpd; fhdy; thpg;ghl;Ls; kwie;jpUg;gts; vd;W $Wtjpy;
vj;jtW ,y;iy. ekf;F Iak; jUfpd;w fhuzq;fisg; ghh;f;fyhk;.
1. fij tsh;r;rpf;Fj; Njitaw;w tdrhuzpia tae;jkhiy tbtpy; nfhz;L
tUjy;.
2. ‘eae;j fhj-d;’ ey;Ftd; ,td; vd tdrhuzp vz;Zjy;
3. ‘jPjpNyd;’; ‘gpionkhopngah;g;gpdha;’ vd;W khjtp tae;jkhiyiaf; fbe;J
nfhs;Sjy;
4. Kj;Jkhiyia mWj;njwpe;J> khjtp ntWg;Gf;$Lk;.
5. rpwKw;w khjtp> tae;jkhiyia tPl;il tpl;Lj; Juj;jy;
6. khjtpapd; Klq;fy; nfhz;L nrd;w tae;jkhiy tha; jpwe;J Ngrhik
7. kJufPjk; ghba khjtp kaq;fpa fhyj;jpy; vy;yhk; tae;jkhiy jiykiwthf
,Uj;jy;.
,f;fhuzq;fshy;> Nfhtyd; khjtp gphptpw;F> tae;jkhiy fhuzk; vd;gJk;>
,g;gphptpw;Ff; fskhf mike;j fhdy; thpg;ghlYf;Fs; kiwe;J epw;gtSk; mtNs
vd;gJk; mwpahFk;.
Nfhtyd;
gytPdk;>
mtid
tae;jkhiyapd;
tpUg;gj;jpy;
tae;jkhiyaplk; nfhz;l tpUg;gj;jpw;F khjtp jil vOg;gpdhs;.
jhq;FNthh;
kPJ
ntWg;Gf;
NfhtyidAk; gphpj;jJ.
fhdy;thpg;ghly;>
gphpTf;F
nfhs;Sk;
Nfhtydpd;
,Jjhd; cz;ik.
xU
,ay;G
js;spaJ.
jil te;jhy;>
khjtpiaAk;>
fhdy;thpg;ghly; gphpf;ftpy;iy.
Jizf;fhuzNkad;wp>
Kjw;fhuzk;
md;W.
Kjw;fhuzk;> ‘tpUg;G-jil te;jhy; ntWg;G’ vd;W Nfhtydpd; Fz tha;ghL jhd;.
gapw;rp tpdhf;fs;:
1. ‘Nfhtyd; guj;jik’ vDk; jiyg;gpy; Mrphpah; godp mth;fs; $Wtd
ahit?
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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2. ‘NfhtyDk;> tae;jkhiyAk;” - Fwpg;G tiuf.
3. ‘clYk;> NfhtyDk;’ - ,J gw;wp Mrphpah; toq;Fk; fUj;Jf;fis njhFj;J
vOJf.
4.
‘gok;gpwg;Gr; nra;jp” Fwpj;J Mrphpah; $WtJ ahJ?
5. ‘Nfhtyd;
,ay;G”
vDk;
jiyg;gpy;
Mrphpah;
godp
$Wk;
GJikr;
nra;jpfisj; njhFj;J tiuf.
6. ‘Nfhtyd; ghba fhdw;ghzp’ - jpwdha;T nra;f.
7. ‘ek;ik kwe;jhiu ehk; kwf;f khl;Nlkhy;” nghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf.
8. ‘khjtp ghba fhdy; thp” - gw;wp Mrphpah; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFf;f.
9. Nfhtyd; khjtpf;F itj;j Nrhjid - ahJ?
10. khjtp tae;jkhiyia mDg;gpaJ Vd;? fhuzj;ij tpsf;Ff.
11. ‘tae;jkhiy ,uz;lfk; nra;jtNs’ - vd;W Mrphpah; $wf;fhuzk; ahJ?
12. ngUQ;rpj;judhh; gs;spg;gwitfs; Fwpg;gpLk;
jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;Gfis
Fwpg;gpLf.
13. Foe;ijfspd; ngUikfshf gs;spg;gwitfs; Fwpg;gpLtd ahit?
B.Lit I Year Examination
khjphp tpdhj;jhs;
jhs; - 4 ,f;fhy ,yf;fpak;
Neuk;: 3.00 kzp
kjpg;ngz;fs; - 100
gFjp - m ( 5x5 = 25 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
vitNaDk; Ie;jDf;F xU gf;f mstpy; tpil jUf.
1. ghujpahh; Fapy;ghl;by; ,lk;ngWk; Ntjhe;j fUj;Jf;fis njhFj;J vOJf.
2. FLk;g tpsf;fpy; ,lk; ngWk; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;gpid vLj;Jiuf;f.
3. R[hijapd; fij epfo;tpid Mrpa N[hjp top tphpj;Jiuf;f.
4. Ntjehafk; gps;isapd; gpuhjhg Kjypahh; rhpj;jpuj;jpd; fijf; fUtpid
vOJf.
5. Ntiyf;fhp ehlfj;jpd; ngz; fjhghj;jpuj;jpid vOJf.
6. xj;jpif ehlf mikg;G - fUj;Jiuf;f.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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7. ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; rKjha kWkyh;r;rp Fwpj;J gs;spg;gwitapy; ,lk;
ngWgtdw;iw Fwpg;gpLf.
8. fhdy; thpah? fz;zPh; thpah? ,lk; ngWk; gok; gpwg;G nra;jpfis vOJf.
gFjp - M ( 5x15 = 75 kjpg;ngz;fs;)
vitNaDk; Ie;jDf;F fl;Liu tbtpy; tpil jUf:
1. ghujpjhrd; FLk;g tpsf;fpy; ,lk;ngWk; fjhghj;jpuq;fs; %yk; ntspg;gLk;
nra;jpfis fl;Liuf;f.
2. ftpkzpapd; Mrpa N[hjpapd; Gj;jh; mtjhu epfo;tpid njhFj;Jiuf;f.
3. gpujhg Kjypahh; rhpj;jpuj;jpy; ,lk; ngWk; ngz;zbik Fwpj;j
fUj;Jf;fis tpthpf;f.
4. [hdfpuhkdpd; mk;kh te;jhs; Gyg;gLj;Jk; ghj;jpug;gilg;Gfis tpthpf;f.
5. GJikg;gpj;jdpd; fijfspy; ieahz;b miktjpid tpthp.
6. fp.uh[ehuhazpd; fij fUtpd; tiffis tpsf;Ff.
7. rpw;gp Mjpiuapd; ehlfj;jpid Muha;f.
8. ngUQ;rpj;judhhpd; nrhy;yhw;wy; jpwk; Fwpj;J fl;Liu tiuf.
Prepared by
Dr. I. SAHAYAMARY
Associate Proessor, Department of Tamil
Rani Anna Government College for Women, Tirunelveli – 627 008.
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Directorate of Distance & Continuing Education, Tirunelveli.
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