INDIUM TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLE DEPOSITION BY REVERSE MICELLES
Hyeonghwa Yu, Ayse Turak
Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
ITO PARTICLES
ITO WITHIN REVERSE MICELLES
SOLUTION ITO
INTRODUCTION
(a)
(a)
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used as a transparent conducting oxide for electrodes in organic optoelectronic devices. The nature of the ITO interface with the active semiconducting layer is critical to the
Empty micelles
performance of organic solar cells and organic light emitting devices. To foster the next generation of
Indium Chloride
devices, it is critical to understand the connections between heterojunction structure and morphology,
and device performance. One aspect of the structure is the interface roughness, which can be both
)
A
(
beneficial and detrimental to the device performance. To control the interface roughness, we produced
Particles in solution
a periodic array of ITO nanoparticles, with controlled spacing and size, using reverse micelles from
polystyrene-block-poly (2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) diblock copolymer as reactors and loading of selective metal salts.
(b)
(B
EXPERIMENTS
26.18 nm
(b)
)
Empty micelles
14
12
Z[nm]
10
Loaded micelles
Figure. XRD image of ITO solutions from InCl3, SnCl4 and
8
6
4
C4H10O
2
0
200nm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
X[nm]
0.00 nm
Figure. (a) Normalized FTIR image of ITO solution loaded
Figure. AFM image of InCl3, SnCl4 and C4H10O loaded mi-
Figure. (a) DLS size distribution image from ITO solution
micelles (b) Normalized FTIR image of InCl3, SnCl4 and
celles on a Si substrate and the size profile of ITO particles
loaded micelles (b) DLS size distribution image from se-
C4H10O loaded micelles
quent InCl3, SnCl4 and C4H10O loaded micelles
( pyridine stretching and bending mode in the range of
1450-1500cm-1, and C-C and C=C bonding stretching of
1. ITO is synthesized by two routes.
aromatic ring in pyridine at 1500-2500cm-1)
- Indium Chloride route: indium chloride, tin(Ⅳ) chloride and 2-butanol
(a)
(a)
- Indium Acetate route: indium acetate, tin(Ⅱ) chloride and ethanol
Particles in solution
2. Two approaches are used to introduce ITO into micelles.
Indium Acetate
A. ITO is prepared prior to loading into a micelle solution to introduce fully loaded ITO solutions
A)
Empty micelles
(
into the micelles.
B. ITO is formed within the micelles by loading indium salts, tin salts, and alcohol.
3. The micelles solutions with ITO is spin coated onto a substrate.
4. The micelles coated substrate is plasma treated by oxygen to remove the micelles leaving ITO
particles on the substrate.
(B
5. ITO particles on substrate are crystalized by annealing in a nitrogen furnace.
(b)
(b)
)
27.21 nm
Empty micelles
14
A periodic array of ITO nanoparticles were produced by reverse micelles. We attempt two routes, InCl3
Figure. XRD image of ITO solutions from InAc3, SnCl2 and
10
Loaded micelles
Z[nm]
CONCLUSION
12
C2H6O
8
6
4
2
200nm
and InAc3, from two approaches; ITO solutions loaded into micelles and ITO synthesize within the mi-
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
X[nm]
0.00 nm
celles. We can deposit nanoparticles only from the ITO synthesized within the micelles.
Figure. (a) DLS Size distribution image from ITO solution
Figure. (a) Normalized FTIR image of ITO solution loaded
Figure. AFM image of InAc3, SnCl2 and C2H6O loaded mi-
loaded micelles (b) DLS size distribution image from se-
micelles (b) Normalized FTIR image of InAc3, SnCl2 and
celles on a Si substrate and the size profile of ITO particles
quent InAc3, SnCl2 and C2H6O loaded micelles
C2H6O loaded micelles
Acknowledgement. The authors acknowledge financial support from 436100-2013 RGPIN and 384889-2010 CREAT. We thank Prof. Dr. Kim at Hoseo University; Prof. Dr. Ow-Yang at Sabanci University and L.Hui, V. Jarvis of MAX for XRD assistance, BIOELN for DLS, CCEM for AFM and CEDT for FTIR at Mcmaster University.
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