2017 INDIANA UNIVERSITY SOUTH BEND
UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH CONFERENCE
FRIDAY, MARCH 31, 2017
Conference Program and Abstracts
SCHEDULE
8:00 – 9:00 a.m.
Registration
Wiekamp Hall (DW)
main hallway
9:00 – 10:00 a.m.
Panel Session I
DW classrooms
1125–1190
10:00 – 11:00 a.m.
Poster Presentations
and Coffee Break
DW main hallway
and south hallway
11:00 – 12:00 p.m.
Panel Session II
DW classrooms
1125–1190
12:15 – 1:15 p.m.
Lunch
SAC 221-225
2nd Floor
1:30 – 2:30 p.m.
Panel Session III
DW classrooms
1125–1190
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WELCOME MESSAGE
Welcome to the 2017 IU South Bend Undergraduate Research Conference! The URC continues
to expand into a springtime institution on our campus, drawing the participation of around one
hundred students, faculty, staff, and observers all committed to the research and creative process.
The URC is one of many outlets for IU South Bend students to showcase the research they
complete in their classes or as part of research teams with faculty, and the conference serves as a
moment to publicly recognize the high quality of students’ work.
As always, the conference program this year consists of a wide range of exciting research and
creative activities from a range of disciplines. The 2017 URC features a panel in Spanish,
research posters on topics in anthropology, chemistry, biochemistry, and physics; presentations
covering a broad scope of literature and its cultural impact, data from research carried out in field
sites across the IU South Bend region, and more. We hope you will take in presentations from a
range of disciplines and also that you will engage with student presenters, asking about their
research, methods, and findings.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The faculty organizers of this conference (Kristy Ganoe, Igor Juricevic, Jeff Luppes, Mohammad
Merhi, Shahir Rizk, Zach Schrank, Jannike Seward, and Alison Stankrauff) would like to
congratulate and thank all of the students participating this year. We also commend their faculty
mentors (named in parentheses in this program) for their dedication to their students.
We deeply appreciate the enthusiastic support provided by Executive Vice Chancellor for
Academic Affairs Jann Joseph and Chancellor Terry Allison, and the efforts of committed IU
South Bend instructors and staff, including the members of the Undergraduate Research
Advisory Council.
Again this year the conference poster and program cover were designed by an IU South Bend
student—Leah Fick, a fine arts graphic design major, developed the concept and design scheme
for 2015 and 2016. Other students have helped us plan and carry out the conference: Julie Crew,
Riley Bigelow, and Stephen Salisbury.
No conference is possible without the behind-the-scenes work that often goes unacknowledged
in the areas of purchasing, facilities scheduling and setup, food preparation and catering,
maintenance, information technology, and many more. Thank you to all those who help make
this conference possible.
PROFESSIONAL COURTESY
Please be considerate by silencing your cell phone and refraining from entering and leaving
session rooms during presentations.
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CONCURRENT PANELS: SESSION I (9 – 10 A.M.)
Location: Wiekamp classrooms, South Hallway
Physical and Biological Sciences: Atoms, Viruses, Hormones, and Dark Matter (DW 1180)
Moderator: Shahir Rizk
Using the Square Root Hamiltonian Operator to Approximate Energies of Atomic
Systems
PHILLIP MARMORINO (Marmorino)
Testing of Materials and Sensors Used in the PICO Dark Matter Detector
AARON L. ROEDER (Levine)
Reversible Self-Assembly Using Protein Conformational Changes
MICHELE COSTANTINO (Rizk)
Gender, Community, and Sacrifice in the Literatures of Spanish-American and Spain (DW
1150)
Moderator: Bridget Fong-Morgan
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz: la necedad y la inmadurez masculina en <<Hombres necios>>
CASSANDRA DUARTE, TIFFANY AMEZQUITA, JOHN DEVREESE (FongMorgan)
"Es la culpa de ella": la doble moral y el espejo empañado
ELYSSA HURDT, DANIELLE LYONS, JANYELLE WILTFONG (Fong-Morgan)
El diablo, la carne y el mundo: la mujer entre la espada y la pared en <<Hombres
necios>>
CONNOR HOFFMAN, ELISE MICK, RAVEN MILLER, HECTOR VALADEZ (FongMorgan)
La identidad regional y las Tradiciones de Palma: <<El alacrán de Fray Gómez>>
GLORIA MARZKE, LUIS GONZALEZ, KASHAY MURRAY (Fong-Morgan)
Los milagros de todos los días: el buen peruano, Fray Gómez y el usurero
KACEY JACKSON, YESENIA GARCILAZO, ANABEL SANCHEZ (Fong-Morgan)
La crisis sacrificial en Fuenteovejuna
BRITTANY SHIPE (Fong-Morgan)
Fuenteovejuna: Honra and Honor?
ELYSSA HURDT (Hernando)
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Deadly Treasure, Deathly Desire: The Role of Love, Greed, and Fear in Mystery Novels
and Film (DW 1135)
Moderator: Kyoko Takanashi
From Low-Brow to High Art: The Role of John Huston's Film Adaptation in
Elevating the Novel The Maltese Falcon
MARY ARNETT (Brittenham)
Dubious Beasts: Fear of the Foreign and Imperial Decay
SARAH NICOLAESCU (Brittenham)
Sinister Settings: Landscape as a Representation of Human Perceptions and Motivations
LAURA TAYLOR (Brittenham)
Losing Control: The British Imperial Panic in the Sign of Four
OMINEE HAYNES (Brittenham)
History of Indiana University South Bend (DW 1125)
Moderator: Jonathan Nashel
Indiana University Comes to South Bend
JENNIFER KUCHARSKI (Zwicker)
Building Indiana University South Bend: Evolution of Campus Identity
DEB PARCELL (Zwicker)
Striving for Equality and Diversity: The Afro-American Society of Indiana
PHILIP MELIN (Zwicker)
Sustainability and Environmentalism of IUSB
MCKENZIE MCKNIGHT (Zwicker)
ALEX SULLIVAN - No Title (History of Economic Factors of 50's leading to IUSB)
(Zwicker)
Color Perception and Psychological Diversity (DW 1190)
Moderator: Igor Juricevic
Repetitive Gross Motor Stereotypes and Color within a Classroom
LAURA LEONARD (Juricevic)
Color Vision Impairment in Elderly Adults
THOMAS WILLIAMS (Juricevic)
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Color Perception in Autism
SYDNEY SZYMANOWSKI (Juricevic)
Color Perception in Children with Anxiety Disorder
JESSICA OSOWSKI (Juricevic)
POSTER PRESENTATIONS AND BREAK (10 – 11 A.M.)
Location: Wiekamp South Hallway
10 a.m.: View the following posters and speak with presenters while enjoying continental
breakfast.
Developing a Non-enzymatic Decontamination Method of Arsenic
VICTOR GUTIERREZ-SCHULTZ (Anderson)
A Novel Benchtop Time of Flight GC/MS System For High Throughput Qualitative And
Quantitative Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Human Urine
KHAI PHAM, DAVID E. ALONSO, CHRISTINA KELLY, JOE BINKLEY (Anderson)
Calibration Techniques for Detector Systems in Nuclear Physics
CHARLIE BAIRD (Hinnefeld)
More than Just Another Number: Use of the Smithsonian Trinomial System and the
Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) to Link Open
Information about Archaeological Sites Across the Web
VALERIA CHAMORRO (Wells)
Role of AIMP1 in Pulmonary Morphogenesis
ALEXANDRA HOCHSTETLER, SARA SANTIGUEL, DANIEL LEE, WOAN LOWE,
MARGARET SCHWARZ MD (Feighery)
Engineering a FABulous Fluorescent Glyphosate Biosensor
ALEXANDRA HOCHSTETLER, PIERRE-EMMANUEL N’GUETTA, RILEY
BIGELOW, MICHELE COSTANTINO, ZACHARY DAVIS, VICTOR GUTIERREZSCHULTZ, KATY PALMER, KHAI PHAM, MICHAEL RAUSCHENBACH,
BUSHRA SALEH, HELGA SANTOS, AIMEE WHETSTONE (Rizk)
Maybe in Distance, Never in Heart
QUADIRA PRICE (Anderson)
Electrochemical Detection of Steroid Hormones
DAVID AUPPERLE (Muna)
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CONCURRENT PANELS: SESSION II (11 A.M. – 12 P.M.)
Location: Wiekamp classrooms, South Hallway
Contemporary Social and Political Issues (DW 1180)
Moderator: Zachary Schrank
Overpopulation and the Climate Crisis
BRIANNAH MCCALL (Schrank)
Understanding Attitudes Regarding the Legalization of Medical Cannabis
AMY MAZUREK (Blouin)
The Deficient Motivation Concerning Behaviors and Regulations toward Voter Turnout
JOCELYN MALMSTROM (Gerenscer)
Exploitation of Immigrants By Immigrant Owned Restaurants
NARGIZA AMIROVA (Gerken)
An Orderly Mode of Murder: Social Control and Subversion in Agatha Christie (DW 1125)
Moderator: Jake Mattox
“Disavowing the Police”: Detective Fiction and False Solutions in Agatha Christie’s The
Murder of Roger Ackroyd
THOMAS JEFFO (Brittenham)
"The Eyeshade's a Fake, I Can See Perfectly": Parody and Subversive Identity in Agatha
Christie's Partners in Crime
DANIELLE LYONS (Brittenham)
Murderous Power and Social Manipulation: A Case for the Progressive Function of
Agatha Christie’s Fiction
JARED DUNN(Brittenham)
A Society Beyond Redemption: Conceptualizing Religious Repentance in G. K.
Chesterton and Agatha Christie
SADIE SUKICH (Brittenham)
Higher-Order Cognition and Psychological Diversity (DW 1190)
Moderator: Igor Juricevic
Facial Emotion Expression Recognition: Interpretation of Authority and Leadership in
Women with PTSD
SKYLAR CLAPPER (Juricevic)
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Visuo-spatial Attention Span Deficit Precedes Phonological Deficit in Developmental
Dyslexia
ASHLII APPLEWHITE (Juricevic)
Negative Facial Expressions and Its Effects on Anxiety in those with Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
DANIELLE NEWMAN (Juricevic)
The Effects of Prison on Color Perception and Religion
CADERIA STRICKLAND (Juricevic)
Interpreting Film Past and Present (DW 1150)
Moderator: Elaine Roth
Texas to Aotearoa: the Indigenous Turn to Communal Identity and Respect for Tradition
in Disney’s Moana
MELANIE GARCIA (Magnan-Park)
Science: Our Friend or Our Enemy?
CODY BARTALONE (Roth)
Avant Grade Films: Examining The Feminist Message of Meshes of the Afternoon
ANNA DARR (Roth)
The True "Heart" of Metropolis
MARISSA WILLIAMS (Roth)
Economics and History (DW 1135)
Moderator: Tom Murphy
Invest. You? Yes!
STEPHEN M SALISBURY (Valencia)
The United States Deficit: A Gift or a Curse?
CRAIG JOHNSON (Zhuang)
Lydia Gwilt: Credit, Debt, and Commodification
LUCAS BURKETT (Gindele)
The European Union's Retroactive Tax on Apple
KEVIN G. SCHASCHECK II (Gao)
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LUNCH (12:15 – 1:15 p.m.)
Location: Student Activities Center (SAC) Rooms 221-225
Speakers
CHANCELLOR TERRY ALLISON
STEPHANIE BURKUS (IUSB Alumna)
CONCURRENT PANELS: SESSION III (1:30 – 2:30 P.M.)
Location: Wiekamp classrooms, South Hallway
Creative Writing: Personal Stories of American Identity
(DW 1150)
Moderator: Kelcey Ervick
"Opulent Dreams"
MELANIE GARCIA (Ervick)
"A Family of Religious Rebels"
BRONSON BONTRAGER (Ervick)
"Intrigues and Exposures"
PATTI THURMAN (Ervick)
Ghosts, Gossip, Constraining Corsets, and Super Villains: The Wicked World of Early
English Detective Fiction (DW 1135)
Moderator: Kyoko Takanashi
From Corsets to Weight Loss Clinics: Transformations of Female Body Images in the
Victorian Era to Interwar
NARGIZA AMIROVA (Brittenham)
“Inspired Guesswork”: The Female Detective, Gossip, and the Subversion of Spinster
Ideology in Interwar Britain
KAYLA CANO (Brittenham)
Sherlock Holmes-Paranormal Investigator: Reading The Hound of the Baskervilles as a
Work of the Supernatural
SAVANNAH WELNETZ (Brittenham)
Just One Bad Day: The Hero Villain Inter-dependency of Batman/Joker and Sherlock
Holmes/Professor Moriarty
MATT LEMASTERS (Brittenham)
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Human Shape and Change (DW 1180)
Moderator: Jay VanderVeen
Captive Great Ape Welfare: Enrichment and Assessment of Captive Great Ape Behavior
JOHN DEVREESE (VanderVeen)
Pete: The Skeletal Remains in the Bone Room
SARAH FREEL (VanderVeen)
Women's Equality in Norse Society
BLAKE HERWICK (VanderVeen)
The Natural Occurrence of Big Boned Characteristics Among Humans
ALEXA WADE (VanderVeen)
Psychology, Personality, and Preparation (DW 1190)
Moderator: Jannike Seward
Study Habits, Motives, and Strategies of College Students With Symptoms of ADHD
ALAINA MYERS, NICK CWIDAK (Rodriguez)
Self-power and Resisting Destructive Obedience: A Look at Personality Factors
Affecting the Milgram Experiment
HANNAH QUINN (McGuire)
The Mental Component of Singing
KATELYN ANDRYSIAK-BEGERT (McCormack)
History Near and Far (DW 1125)
Moderator: Jeff Luppes
Deng Xiaoping and the Changing Perspective of Chinese Socialism in the 1980s.
KENDON SERVICE (Cwiek)
Mexican Exoduses: The Mormon Struggle for Freedom, Identity, and Community in the
United States and Mexico 1823-1917
JENNIFER KUCHARSKI (Froysland)
E. Hill Turnock: Following an Architect
RANDY ROBERTS (Nilsen)
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French Translation of Children's Books (DW 1185)
Moderator: Heather Jones and Anne Magnan-Park
French Translation of "Snow Rabbit, Spring Rabbit" by Il Sung Na
BREANNA KELLERMAN (Jones and Magnan-Park)
Translating Curious George into French : The Challenges of Replicating the Narrator's
Voice
MWELU MWOSE (Jones and Magnan-Park)
Translating Winnie the Pooh: The Difficulties of Preserving Poetic Sound
MAIA SUTTER (Jones and Magnan-Park)
PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS
From Corsets to Weight Loss Clinics: Transformations of Female Body Images in the
Victorian Era to Interwar
Nargiza Amirova
In the Victorian era in Britain, some detective novels targeted the “problem” of female
body image. These fictional representations, which evolved from novels to the fashion
market, started in the Victorian era advertising sexy drapers, outfitters and steel-sided
corsets which only came in a small size. These outfits forced women to be thinner so that
they could fit into the category of looking like a “respectable citizen,” which would mean
that they were wearing a fancy dress. Agatha Christie’s short story from the early
twentieth century, “The Missing Lady,” exposes how society pressured women to use
medical injections to make them look thin regardless of how painful it was. She portrays
the character Hermione suffering from her willingness to be strapped to a bed and receive
injections daily in a weight loss clinic so that she could have a “perfect” body to meet the
standards of her fiancé who hates “fat” women. Building from the works of Susan Bordo
and other feminist theorist of body image, I will focus on how women were pressured
because of the ideals that society set for them. I will also discuss the trajectory from
literal confinement by conforming garments to social pressure to medically lose weight
that women faced.
Exploitation of Immigrants By Immigrant Owned Restaurants
Nargiza Amirova
Immigrants from industrialized countries in East Asia and Mexico migrate to United
States with
hope of building a new successful future. Many come with student or tourist visa, but
once it expires they would be stuck working in foreign businesses. I will be focusing on
exploitation of foreign workers by foreign restaurants. Immigrants often work over 12
hours and for lower salaries. Furthermore, I will share my personal examples of how I
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was one of the immigrant who worked for 2 foreign restaurants over 6 years. I lived
among other immigrants and experienced undesirable lifestyle that they were put in to by
the restaurant owners without giving an opportunity to experience the world outside of
the restaurant. In order to solve this issue government agency, need to inspect foreign
restaurants to make sure they are respecting worker's rights.
The Mental Component of Singing
Katelyn Andrysiak-Begert
Singing is music provided by your body. Singers focus on proper vocal technique and
hygiene to ensure tonal quality. However, singers do not always address the catastrophic
effects the mind can have on the voice. Anxiety and its' subsequent disorders have the
power to impede both the performance and person despite the voice.
Visuo-spatial attention span deficit precedes phonological deficit in developmental dyslexia
Ashlii Applewhite
Developmental Dyslexia (DD) is a learning disability that affects an estimated 10% of
school aged children worldwide. Children with Developmental Dyslexia experience
challenges as they are learning to read. In my research I explored the visuo-spatial
attention span deficit hypothesis of dyslexia as well as the phonological deficit hypothesis
of dyslexia to determine which is more likely to be the initial underlying cause for the
reading challenges that children with DD face. In my research I found that the visuospatial attention span deficit precedes the phonological deficit. Furthermore, I found that
the visuo-attention span deficit is the cause of the phonological deficit. Children with DD
who experience visuo- attention span deficits are likely to suffer from visual stress and
see written words as distorted. Therefore, I also explored solutions to reduce the level of
visual stress in this subset of DD children. I found that the use of colored overlays is an
effective solution to reduce the experience of visual stress and phonological issues that
this particular subset of children with DD face.
From Low-Brow to High Art: The Role of John Huston's Film Adaptation in Elevating the
Novel The Maltese Falcon
Mary Arnett
The Maltese Falcon by Dashiell Hammett is an anomaly in terms of literary classics, as it
would likely be an oft-forgotten gem of the detective fiction genre were it not for the film
industry. At the time of its release, Hammett was not a player in the era’s major literary
movement, Modernism, and was by no means thought of high-brow literature. However,
John Huston’s film adaptation of the novel, starring Humphrey Bogart and Mary Astor,
was able to lift the story above its humble, mass-consumption beginnings to an enduring
work of literature and film. Hailed as one of the standout adaptations of a novel to the big
screen, Huston’s Falcon cemented the book as a prime example of detective literature. By
discussing the process of adapting book to film, including why Falcon is considered one
of the most effective ever made, as well as the tropes of the mystery genre in both
literature and cinema, I will analyze the growth of The Maltese Falcon from a low-brow
work to one of the most celebrated detective novels and noir films of all time.
Electrochemical Detection of Steroid Hormones
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David Aupperle
The overall objective of our research is to develop a sensitive and stable method for the
electrochemical detection of steroid hormones (SEs) in water. These natural and synthetic
estrogens have been shown to effect the endocrine functions of both aquatic species and
humans. Using electrochemical analysis, concentrations as low as a few ng/L can be
detected. However, the oxidation of these molecules creates adsorption at the electrode
surface, which then inhibits electro-catalytic activity (fouling) and signal recognition.
Using nano-particles, namely palladium, the surface is modified using cyclic
voltammetry to minimize adsorption and enhance signal response. Surface stability and
reproducibility was not achieved by deposition on glassy carbon. Gold provides an
adequate surface for both reflected by estriols relative standard deviation of 5.3%. Future
research will characterize the surface using scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic
voltammetry and high performance liquid chromatography will be coupled to determine
the limit of detection
Calibration Techniques for Detector Systems in Nuclear Physics
Charlie Baird
In scientific experimentation, an often unseen element that is nonetheless integral to the
production of sound and reliable data is that of calibration techniques. These calibration
techniques are designed to standardize the data collected by various instruments from an
experimental apparatus as well as to ensure that the influence of defective detector
systems is mitigated to the fullest extent possible. I will discuss three such detector
systems from the MoNA-LISA SWEEPER experimental setup at the NSCL; the Cathode
Readout Drift Chambers (CRDCs), the Ion Chamber, and the Thin Scintillator. Each
detector system has unique peculiarities and specializations that determine how they are
properly calibrated. After calibrations techniques are applied, only then is data analysis
finally possible.
Science: Our Friend or Our Enemy?
Cody Bartalone
The rate at which technology has been evolving in the past 20 years is nothing short of
astounding. Technology that is standard at this very moment could be obsolete by
tomorrow morning! It is not only the speed at which technology is developed and
deployed that has changed; the cultural perceptions of technology itself have also
changed immensely. Where technology was once something to be feared, it is now
heralded. This change in perception is reflected in contemporary media. For example,
compare the science fiction films Metropolis (1927) and The Martian (2015). Even
though Metropolis and The Martian share similar narrative conventions and genre
elements, the ideology of each film reveals a shift in social and cultural views of
technology.
A Family of Religious Rebels
Bronson Bontrager
My family is loud and messy. What family isn’t? Yet, we are bound together by tragedy
and hope. The religious fervor of my grandfather carried him from the safety of
complacency and even further away from his family. He wanted to change the world
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while his daughter, my mother, wanted to be in his world. She struggled against the
feeling of abandonment and rejection while attempting to find her own way. Faith did not
bring her closer to home, yet it was his faith that changed a gang leader’s life. I am
shaped by these two worlds. The feeling of rejection and a longing to be heard, yet
understanding the power of belief. I am the legacy of pain and hardship leading to
forgiveness and love. But I am not my mother’s son. Nor am I the embodiment of my
grandfather. I must find my own way, my own battle that needs to be won. I guess this is
the truth of my family. We all rebel in the end on the road to self-discovery.
Lydia Gwilt: Credit, Debt, and Commodification
Lucas Burkett
In Wilkie Collin's novel Armandale, Lydia Gwilt starts off as a villainous debt collector
and by the end of the novel is transformed into a tragic hero, as she sacrifices her life to
save her husband from an endless cycle of debt and credit. The structure of the novel
aides in this transformation, revealing Gwilt as a victim of commodification and the debt
cycle later in the book, which are the reasons that propel her to her fateful course of
action. Victorian readers would have been aware of the economic forces propelling Lydia
to her fateful course of action. During the decade when Armadale was published, the
1860's, Victorian England witnessed the abolishment of usury laws, the rise of European
financial capitalism, the continuation of the imprisonment over debt and its abolishment
by the end of the decade.
“Inspired Guesswork”: The Female Detective, Gossip, and the Subversion of Spinster
Ideology in Interwar Britain
Kayla Cano
Gossip plays a large role in solving a murder in one of Agatha Christie’s most famous
detective novels, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. Many scholars have written on the topic
of gossip used in literature, and in our case, specifically on gossip in detective fiction.
Kathy Mezei in her essay, “Spinsters, Surveillance, and Speech: The Case of Miss
Marple, Miss Mole, and Miss Jekyll,” focuses on three spinsters who, through gossip,
“covertly query power and gender relations, while simultaneously upholding the status
quo” (Mezei 104). In addition, Louise Maunsell Field wrote an essay in 1931 titled, “The
Spinster Looks at Marriage,” and discusses the negative social views of unmarried
women and in turn highlights the many positives that go with “spinsterhood.” While
Mezei demonstrates how spinsters use gossip to attain temporary power over their
gendered limitations, unfortunately in the end for her, they still uphold the status quo. I
want to take it one step further and argue that the spinster character of Caroline Sheppard
in The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, successfully uses gossip to not only gain power over
her gendered limitations but also to actively participate in the detective profession that is
socially forbidden to her. In doing this, Christie is subverting the negative ideology of
spinsterhood in the interwar period in Britain and is participating in the movement
towards social freedom for single women.
More than Just Another Number: Use of the Smithsonian Trinomial System and the
Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) to Link Open Information about
Archaeological Sites Across the Web
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Valeria Chamorro
Archaeological sites in the United States are often associated with alphanumerical
identifiers known as Smithsonian trinomial numbers (STNs). Developed in the midTwentieth Century, STNs consist of patterned alphanumeric sequences, potentially
recognizable in spreadsheets, archival records, and research literature. The Digital Index
of North American Archaeology (DINAA), a linked open data hub for archaeological site
information, is attempting “named entity recognition” (a form of text mining) to identify
STNs in archaeological literature. The grand challenge undertaken here will ultimately
allow a DINAA user to browse, via map-based visualizations, cross-references between
DINAA site file information and publications containing related STNs. This initiative
includes human-guided cataloging of STNs from recent American Antiquity offerings to
support and software-enabled text mining of STNs from the Federal Register. Challenges
include: variation in STN formatting, inclusion of STNs in various elements of research
articles (abstract, body text, tables, figures, notes, etc.), and publication of competing
identification strategies (e.g. state and museum systems).
Facial emotion expression recognition: interpretation of authority and leadership in women
with PTSD
Skylar Clapper
This paper aims to discuss the visual perception phenomenon of facial emotion
expression recognition and the deficits that women with PTSD have in this area. Also,
looking at the implications of these deficits in personal and professional areas of their
lives.
Reversible Self-Assembly Using Protein Conformational Changes
Michele Costantino
Nanotechnology research has been on the cutting edge of scientific study in recent years.
Nanomaterials made of biological molecules, specifically proteins, have been especially
promising in medical research for targeted drug delivery systems. While proteins have
previously been used to engineer nanostructures, the only way to disassemble these
structures has been by denaturing the proteins through heat or pH changes, effectively
destroying the protein in the process. Our goal was to engineer nanostructures that can
reversibly self-assemble in response to an external signal without damaging the proteins
in the process. We engineered M13 bacteriophage to display maltose binding protein
(MBP), a bacterial protein that undergoes a conformational change from an open to a
closed structure upon binding to maltose. Displayed on the opposite end of the
bacteriophage is an engineered antibody fragment (Fab) that binds preferentially to the
closed form of MBP. When maltose is added to the system, MBP adopts the closed form
to which the Fab binds, forming long chains of bacteriophage. The structures can then be
disassembled by removing the maltose and self-assemble again multiple times. Using
scanning electron microscopy, we confirmed that the bacteriophage particles assemble
only in the presence of maltose, confirming our hypothesis. However, instead of forming
long fibers, the bacteriophage aligned side-to-side instead of end-to-end. Further research
will focus on how the proteins are displayed on the phage, as well as the disassembly of
the structures.
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Avant Grade Films: Examining The Feminist Message of Meshes of the Afternoon
Anna Darr
In the 20th century, the arts experienced a period of monumental evolutions that had a
lasting effect on humanity. In 1937, an oil painting by Pablo Picasso called Guernica
showed the horrors of war. In literature Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech
championed the civil rights movement. In film, there were also evolutions taking place.
Avant-garde films experimented with the medium and conveyed important social
messages to the audience. Maya Deren’s avant-garde film Meshes of the Afternoon dealt
with a complex social problem at the time, the place of women in society. All of these
works, and countless others, not only had a significant social impact at the time they were
created, but their meanings and messages are still relevant in today’s world. Because of
the nature of avant-garde films, in that they often reveal social issues, it is important to
analyze Maya Deren’s work in order to discover the meaning within it. By creating
avant-garde cinema, Deren is able to have a deeper lasting impression on her viewer due
to the fact that they must find the messages the film is trying to convey for themselves. I
believe that through the repetition of the props, Deren’s Meshes of the Afternoon conveys
a feminist message about the constraints that our society and culture create for woman,
and the consequences of those restraints.
Captive Great Ape Welfare: Enrichment and Assessment of Captive Great Ape Behavior
John DeVreese
Murderous Power and Social Manipulation: A Case for the Progressive Function of Agatha
Christie’s Fiction
Jared Dunn
Many would refer to the classic Agatha Christie novel, The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, as
the source of one of the most influential twists to grace the genre of the detective novel,
being that of her revealing the identity of the murderer as the narrator of the text. This
twist, as highlighted by the French theorist, Pierre Bayard, can be viewed under the
psychoanalytic lens, as a false ending. This false ending, however, leads us as the reader
to view the story in a completely different context, placing the blame of the infamous
murder under that of the original culprit’s, Sheppard’s, sister, Caroline, and ultimately
subverting the text. By subverting Agatha Christie’s text, unraveling the novel to give
one a skewed perspective on the evidence provided, ones’ perspective may shift, focusing
on the character’s importance as a progressive woman within the times of her patriarchal
society. Within this paper, I intend to build upon Bayard, as well as other articles, in
order to argue that, within Agatha Christie’s works, we see her portrayal of women in a
progressive nature, criticizing and defying the patriarchal society of her time. I plan to
focus on the power given to her female characters, exemplified by Caroline through her
control of the flow of information within the social sphere within the novel, as well as
how they deviate from the societal norms against that of the patriarchal rule.
Pete: The Skeletal Remains in the Bone Room
Sarah Freel
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While farming peat in a pest bog a farmer stumbled upon the skeletal remains of an
individual of indeterminate age, sex, and ancestry. The remains were shipped to Indiana
University South Bend and housed in the bone room, Wiekamp Hall, room 2210. There
they have remained undisturbed. The remains are incomplete, but I will attempt to give
an age range, a sex, and possibly an ancestry as well to this individual.
Texas to Aotearoa: the Indigenous Turn to Communal Identity and Respect for Tradition
in Disney’s Moana
Melanie Garcia
Disney’s film Moana, set in Hawaii, is a commercial and critical success. Despite this
positive reception, critics acknowledge that the film follows Disney’s basic plot structure.
Though the film features an indigenous community, its storyline follows Disney’s
conventional plot structure Disney’s structure has been used innumerable times to portray
principally stories within a Western context. Is it thus an act of cultural appropriation to
apply a predominately western concept to indigenous and Polynesian culture? In my
presentation, I will argue that, while Moana is an imperfect representation of the diversity
and intricacies of Polynesian culture, the film manages to invert Disney’s plot structure.
Using film and gender theory, I will argue that Moana indigenizes Disney’s plot formula
by an indigenous heroine who favors her community wellbeing over her individual goals
as opposed to Disney’s traditional individualistic protagonists. I will also argue that
Moana challenges Disney films’ frequent “anti-tradition” themes, with a celebration of
the importance of tradition in an indigenous culture and a postcolonial world.
Opulent Dreams
Melanie Garcia
I explore the financial side of the American dream through personal experiences and
rewriting of famous fictional scenes concerning wealth.
Developing a Non-enzymatic Decontamination Method of Arsenic
Victor Gutierrez-Schultz
Currently the less dangerous form of arsenic, arsenate, can be removed from drinking
water using various synergistic oxidation and removal techniques. Despite this though
there is not a method to remove from drinking water the more toxic, nonpolar form of
arsenic known as arsenite. Due to the specific conditions such as PH and temperature
necessary for enzymes to function we propose a non-enyzmatic decontamination method
that employs the arsenite oxidizing mechanism of arsenite oxidase. Once converted into
arsenate an established method of arsenate decontamination could be utilized to remove
the arsenate from the drinking water.
Previous IUSB researchers have cloned the genes for arsenite oxidase into E.coli. After
sequencing the genes coding for arsenite oxidase it was found that there was a point
mutation of a thymine to a cysteine introduced in the asob subunit. This point mutation
had resulted in the changing of a glutamine to a cytosine, which would have a substantial
impact to the confirmation of the enzme. A quick-change primer was used to correct this
point mutation but this correction had resulted in two new point mutations being
introduced. In future experiments a previous sample will be worked on to attempt to fix
the original point mutation as opposed to correcting the two new point mutations. After
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confirming that the point mutation is corrected by sequencing the gene it will be activated
allowing for the yielding of arsenite oxidase.
Losing Control: The British Imperial Panic in the Sign of Four
Ominee Haynes
The theories of old and new imperialism are important to understanding the time in which
detective novels became popular. The old world was the British focused hold on
globalism and expanding comfortably, while the new world is more West focused
globalism. These themes are further explored in Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Sign of Four
where his work expresses the British panic of no longer being at the world’s center in
terms of power and empire. Despite this novel being the adventures of a genius and his
sidekick, Conan Doyle has contributed to allowing scholars to access some of the British
anxieties in his work around the 19th century. He allows us to access the time in which
Victorian ideology expresses sentiments of both old and new imperialism. In this text, I
will take gender, race, and socioeconomic theory to examine Sherlock Holmes as both a
detective and a product of imperialism. The intent is to explore the complexities of the
relationships with the Indians, who are under British control, and whether the
dehumanization that occurred is what brings about these tensions in his work with
Holmes and Watson, who are not devoid of illogical bias. He is not merely sharing a
story of a genius solving crimes but creating a London and various other places where
Englishness, a source of pride, dignity, and nationalism is changing.
Women's Equality in Norse Society
Blake Herwick
For a very long time people believed that most Viking warriors were men. But that
changed when recently researchers discovered that around half of the graves for warriors
were actually female. So we will get to take a look at how equal Norse Women were in
Norse society by looking at Viking graves, historical stories and figures, as well as
female figures in Norse Mythology to fully understand how equal Norse women were in
Norse society.
Role of AIMP1 in Pulmonary Morphogenesis
Alexandra Hochstetler, Sara Santiguel, Daniel Lee, Woan Lowe, Margaret Schwarz MD)
Protein translation controls the formation of alveoli, which are essential for gas exchange
in the lung. One of the three vital proteins for protein translation is Aminoacyl tRNA
Synthetase Complex Interacting Multifunctional Protein 1 (AIMP1), which is also known
as Scye1. Loss of AIMP1 causes death postnatally in Scye1 knockout mice as well as
hypoplastic lungs, decreased body weight, and lack of distal airspaces. A wet/dry ratio
was used to rule out the presence of pulmonary edema. Histological staining using Clara
cell secretory protein showed that there was altered lung epithelia in the knockout mice.
Immunofluorescence of e-cadherin also confirmed altered lung epithelia. To examine
differences in expression of proteins specific to the lung, Western blot analysis was used.
Western blots of wild type versus knockout mice show a decrease in SHP-1, which
interacts with adherents junctions and helps maintain stability. AIMP1 possibly
complexes with SHP-1 to provide stability to the cell. Further analysis of this interaction
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will determine how exactly AIMP1 complexes with SHP-1 in order to help maintain
adherens junctions.
Engineering a FABulous Fluorescent Glyphosate Biosensor
Alexandra Hochstetler, Pierre-Emmanuel N’Guetta, Riley Bigelow, Michele Costantino, Zachary
Davis, Victor Gutierrez-Schultz, Katy Palmer, Khai Pham, Michael Rauschenbach, Bushra
Saleh, Helga Santos, and Aimee Whetstone
Glyphosate (GP) is the active ingredient in the herbicide Roundup. Due to its large-scale
use, GP is considered a potential environmental hazard. Therefore, there is a need for the
development of reliable detection methods for GP in the soil, rivers and drinking water.
The E. coli phosphonate binding protein (PND) naturally binds to GP, making it a good
candidate for the development of a GP fluorescent biosensor. A fluorescent reporter
attached to PND can be used to detect the presence of GP by monitoring changes in
fluorescence associated upon GP binding to PND. However, the affinity of PND for GP
is very low, limiting its ability to detect low concentrations of GP in the environment.
Our previous work introduced a mutation in the binding pocket of PND (E177N) that
improved affinity by 100 fold. Here, we utilized engineered antibody fragments (Fabs) to
further improve the affinity for GP. We engineered Fabs designed to stabilize the bound
form of PND, thereby applying Le Ch!
âtelier’s principle. Five Fabs (Fab N1 – N5) were tested and one was found to increase
affinity of GP to PND by an additional 10-fold. The combined effect of the point
mutation and the Fab result in a 1000 fold affinity enhancement, allowing the
development of sensitive biosensors for environmental GP pollution.
Fuenteovejuna: Honra and Honor
Elyssa Hurdt
Fuenteovejuna represents the crisis, collapse, and reconstruction about the ideological
structures of honra and honor, without this in depth study Fuenteovejuna is amiss and
bound to repeat the cyclical model of unruly commanders. Within five examples or less
from the literary text the ideological structures will be analyzed.
“Disavowing the Police”: Detective Fiction and False Solutions in Agatha Christie’s The
Murder of Roger Ackroyd
Thomas Jeffo
Detective fiction has served to construct the social justifications for the interference of
the police force in our lives. As reviewed in Michel Foucault’s “Discipline and Punish”,
the promise of extracting the secrets hidden from the public sphere to create a guilty party
who can be removed from the general public is an ideal way of creating a sense of
security within civilization. The mental subjection of the population to these ideals
through the use of detective fiction is highlighted by academics like D. A. Miller’s “The
Novel and the Police”. It is argued that the detective novel has served to empower the
police’s oversight into the denizens of society by way of the detective, who represents the
law without the overbearing presence of the uniformed police who are noted to create
unease within the general public. However, Agatha Christie’s novel The Murder of Roger
Ackroyd can be seen as a dismantling of the support of the methods used by detectives on
the interwar denizens represented in the detective novel. The intrusive nature of the
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detective into the privacy of the people present is questioned, and rather than extracting
the final solution with regard to the case, it highlights the presence of invasive and
potentially fabricated false solutions that brings to question the ideals of both the police
and the imperial society of the era.
The United States Deficit: A Gift or a Curse?
Craig Johnson
Current Account Deficits, often merely referred to as “the Deficit”, hold the common
place of complicated subjects in society by being understood in its rudimentary existence,
but not in its actual effects. The United States’ deficit is one that is arguably the most
debated both within the nation and around the world. Is this justified? Perhaps, given the
size and influence of the country as an economy and political body. However, by the
virtue of the deficit itself, it appears a less dangerous creature albeit still confused by
semantics. As with many economic ideas and problems, one of the quickest methods of
mitigations might well be a simple, coherent explanation and exhibition of the topic. The
general consensus around the United States’ deficit at the moment insinuates that it is not
a problem right now. As it stands currently, the deficit is actually in better shape now
than it has been in the past. This does not mean, however, that its potential damage is
slowly disappearing into the distance. That being said, the deficit has been seen to
provide some much-needed fuel for the economy to shake off the effects of the recession.
Ironically, some have speculated that the deficit also had fueled the irresponsible
behaviors of an unprepared financial system before the financial crisis. As a whole, the
accord seems to be that the United States’ deficit is not the monster it’s made out to be,
but it's also not an unfaltering friend.
French Translation of "Snow Rabbit, Spring Rabbit" by Il Sung Na
Breanna Kellerman
Translating books for children should be an effortless task, right? The vocabulary is basic
and the syntax very straightforward. Unless, of course, you translate Dr. Seuss or the
countless other authors of children’s books who concentrate on the musical and playful
quality of the English language. How do you translate the musicality and playfulness of
these simple children’s stories? How do you reconcile puns and their illustrations in the
translated language? How do you overcome the challenge of translating into a foreign
language (French) as opposed to your own native tongue? These are a few of the
questions the panelists will tackle during their presentations.
NB: Some of the panelists will present in French.
Mexican Exoduses: The Mormon Struggle for Freedom, Identity, and Community in the
United States and Mexico 1823-1917
Jennifer Kucharski
The Mormons moved westward across the American frontier to settle in what was then
Mexican territory. They fled religious persecution and violence that had killed their
prophet, Joseph Smith. They were often at odds with the American government and their
motivations differed greatly from most other settlers. Their new home, Salt Lake City,
was on land ceded to the United States at the end of the US/Mexican war. This placed
Mormons once again in Mexican territory. Though the desire to proselytize motivated
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some Mormons to move to Mexico it was the willingness of the Mexican government to
overlook polygamy that made Mexico a desirable safe-haven. Beginning in the 1860s,
laws criminalizing polygamy were strengthened and increasingly enforced. This led
church leaders like Brigham Young to look for land elsewhere that would allow
Mormons to practice their faith unmolested. There was a large exodus and many
thousands of Mormons moved south, into Mexico. However, after the Mormon Church
officially outlawed polygamy and an entire generation came of age that didn’t practice
plural marriage the immigration slowed. The Mormons who did flee to Mexico generally
failed to assimilate and nearly all of them returned to the United States in the early part of
the twentieth century after the Mexican Revolution drove them from their homes.
Indiana University Comes to South Bend
Jennifer Kucharski
Indiana University's extension program began in the 1890s and slowly worked its way
northward to South Bend. From the very first class offered here in 1915 it grew
throughout the 1920s and 1930s until it was a robust and successful extension branch.
The class offerings were surprisingly aimed at providing a traditional liberal arts
education, much like today, despite the fact that IU South Bend granted no degrees until
the 1960s. The faculty, in the earliest years was also diverse- some years saw the staff
was one third female. Though Indiana University had a small and humble beginning it
grew in those earliest decades and captured the attention of local media. It was featured
extensively in the South Bend Tribune- class offerings, schedules, and faculty profiles.
Our small extension campus grew and eventually became an indelible part of the
landscape of South Bend.
Just One Bad Day: The Hero Villain Inter-dependency of Batman/Joker and Sherlock
Holmes/Professor Moriarty
Matt LeMasters
The inter-dependency between the hero and the villain of a story stems from the simple
fact that one cannot exist without the other but, if they continue down the current path,
one will end up destroying the other. This visceral bond is the crucial element of one of
the most notable rivalries in all of crime stories, Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes
and Professor James Moriarty. This same pairing is mirrored in the comic book superhero
Batman and his arch enemy, The Joker. Sherlock and Holmes are at odds on a mental
level while Batman and The Joker have primarily battled at both mental and physical
levels. But, as I will argue in this paper, it all comes back to this one line from Alan
Moore’s, The Killing Joke, where Joker says, “All it takes is one bad day to reduce the
sanest man alive to lunacy.” This kind of thinking is analyzed in Michael Brody’s article
titled, “Batman: Psychic Trauma and its Solution” where he covers the trauma that
Batman has gone through with losing his parents and why he chose to be the Batman. In
my paper, I plan to use trauma theory and apply it to the psyches of Sherlock Holmes,
Moriarty and the Joker in two of their most known stories, “The Final Problem” and The
Killing Joke. If all it takes is one bad day to make a person snap into madness, then what
has kept Batman and Sherlock Holmes on the side of justice?
Repetitive Gross Motor Stereotypes and Color within a Classroom
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Laura Leonard
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is classified by three defining symptoms: impairments
in social interaction, communication difficulties and restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped
patterns of behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Repetitive gross motor
stereotypy is a behavior of autistic children and can hinder learning opportunities. These
stereotypies include movements such as rocking back and forth and hand flapping, etc.
Certain colors of wall paint can elicit certain brain activity such as, gross motor activity,
i.e., repetitive gross motor stereotypy. The color red is proven to elicit gross motor
activity in neurotypical children. I theorize that when an autistic child interprets the color
red, the gross motor region of the brain will be over-stimulated due to the fact that the red
is seen with greater intensity, therefore provoking repetitive gross motor stereotypes.
Further evidence to be discussed during conference.
"The Eyeshade's a Fake, I Can See Perfectly": Parody and Subversive Identity in Agatha
Christie's Partners in Crime
Danielle Lyons
Often named “The Queen of Crime”, Agatha Christie is a master hand at constructing
identity. From such indelible heroes as Miss Marple and Hercule Poirot to the paradigmshifting villain and narrator Dr. James Sheppard, Christie is adept at offering poignant
critiques of English society through fully realized characters. J.C. Bernthal argues that
Christie takes this a step further, transforming herself into a character in public opinion to
the end of creating an approachable, relatable woman author audiences would feel
comfortable reading. In his book, Queering Agatha Christie: Revisiting the Golden Age
of Detective Fiction, Bernthal describes her public image as an “unworldly housewife
and grandmother”, “quietly conservative”, and quotes Christie as labeling herself “a
perfect sausage machine” of reliable, formulaic mysteries and thrillers with no real
ambitions. I argue that not only is this persona a subversive critique of Post-World War I
English society, but also that Christie uses this persona in Partners in Crime to position
herself in league with the eminent writers of the time. Using Linda Hutcheon’s theory of
parody, I argue that Christie displays a mastery of detective fiction by deconstructing the
prominent authors of the time along with their signature writing styles and recreating
them with her own characters, Tuppence and Tommy. By doing so, she pays homage to
these writers and positions herself not only as belonging in the canon of largely white,
male authors, but surpassing them.
The Deficient Motivation Concerning Behaviors and Regulations toward Voter Turnout
Jocelyn Malmstrom
Voter turnout has remained at a stagnant average of 55% for 100 years. The primary
discussion of this paper will evaluate the possible causes of voter motivation to turnout
for elections, and if a possible voter is further deterred by voting regulations within the
United States. It evaluates three possible theories describing motivation, with seven
observed behaviors used to define each theory. The theories are: the belief that a majority
of the population is taking advantage of the system; rational that a majority of voter hold
the same view as the non-voting individual; the contrasting rational that a majority holds
an opposing view and a potential voter will therefore not have coordination in votes. The
seven behaviors are dispersed between two groupings; the Issues and Policies, and Social
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Constructs. Under Issues and Policies, four behaviors will be interpreted in relation to:
economic policy, foreign policy, social policy, and leadership characteristics. Under
Social Constructs, three behaviors are categorized as: current events, personal events, and
epistemic issues. One theory is selected to be the most popular and, therefore, is
evaluated against popular federal and state regulations that could directly impact the
popular theory for lack of voter motivation.
Using the Square Root Hamiltonian Operator to Approximate Energies of Atomic Systems
Phillip Marmorino
In the variational method the square of the Hamiltonian operator gives worse
approximate energies than the Hamiltonian operator, and thus is not used. In principle,
the square root of the Hamiltonian operator gives better approximate energies than the
Hamiltonian operator itself, but it also is not used because the square root operator cannot
be constructed exactly. This work expresses the square root Hamiltonian operator as the
first few terms of a power series of the original Hamiltonian operator. This operator is
tested on the harmonic oscillator because the energies of this system are known. The
effectiveness of this new approximation is determined by comparing the approximate
energies obtained using the square root Hamiltonian operator with those of Hamiltonian
operator itself and the known energies of the harmonic oscillator.
Understanding Attitudes Regarding the Legalization of Medical Cannabis
Amy Mazurek
As more and more states attempt to legalize cannabis for medical purposes, it is
becoming increasingly important to understand people’s attitudes toward legalization and
the factors that shape them. As of the most recent election, twenty-eight states and
Washington DC have legalized cannabis for medical purposes. Four states also recently
adopted legislation to legalize cannabis for recreational use, bringing the total to eight
states nationwide. This survey study examines how age, education, personal political
views, and knowledge of the benefits of cannabis affect attitudes toward legalization for
medical purposes (N=42). Results indicate that the more knowledge of medical benefits,
the more liberal a persons’ views, and the more formal education they have, the more
likely respondents are to be in favor of legalization. Age has a curvilinear effect. Younger
and older people are likely to be in favor of legalization, and those closer to the median
age are more often against it.
Overpopulation and the Climate Crisis
Briannah McCall
My paper discusses overpopulation and its effects on consumer culture and climate
change. This paper outlines the ways in which overpopulation can be addressed at the
micro, meso, and macro levels.
Sustainability and Environmentalism of IUSB
McKenzie McKnight
My paper is set to focus on the historical background of both the environmental
movement and the sustainability movement, both of which are still present in today’s
society. With this background information for my readers will tie into the sustainable
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efforts and environment friendly efforts on the campus of Indiana University. I will
explain what the Center for Sustainable Future does, how and when it came to be, when
the sustainability degree came along, the people that helped create these projects, and
other sustainable and environmental factors that go on at the IUSB campus, and also look
into actions of activism on and, possibly, off campus, and see if those efforts inspired
change within the community.. With articles from The Preface and interviews with
present and past professors will show me how the campus has evolved with eco-friendly
practices. Also, with enough information, I would like to tie in local eco/sustainably
friendly business in the greater South Bend/Mishawaka area, hoping to see if they support
IUSB’s efforts, or if they were inspired by their efforts. I will use secondary sources
along with interviews and Preface and South Bend Tribune articles throughout my paper.
Hopefully this paper will project the environmental and sustainable changes throughout a
campus and its local community, and continue with safe practices.
Striving for Equality and Diversity: The Afro-American Society of Indiana
Philip Melin
The main purpose of my research paper is to look at the early years in the existence of the
Afro-American Society at Indiana University South Bend. This time period covers the
years of late 1968 to early 1972. More specifically I will be focusing on two of the main
goals of the Afro-American Society, that of growing the Black Studies curriculum on
campus and that of increasing the diversification of the faculty by hiring more black
professors at IU South Bend. By focusing on this topic I will also be evaluating the
Society’s relationship with Chancellor Wolfson and the administration during this time
period. I will be seeking answers to the questions of the level of success the AfroAmerican Society had in pursuing these goals, and what kind of similarities or
dissimilarities can be found by comparing and contrasting this student group with others
around the country. I will be using several secondary sources that look at the rise of the
Black Campus Movement to create a proper backdrop for the Afro-American Society
here at IU South Bend. In order to evaluate the Society’s goals and judge their success I
will be studying primary sources that consist of newspaper articles, interdepartmental
communications, copies of faculty meeting minutes, and personal letters. I have
discovered through these documents that the process of creating new courses and hiring
new faculty members was a long, drawn out procedure during which both the
administration and Afro-American Society had many disagreements. From what I have
seen, the creation of new courses was met with more success than the hiring of new black
faculty members. The AFAS soon changed its name to the Black Student Union, but
none of its zeal was lost, nor its goals changed.
Translating Curious George into French : The Challenges of Replicating the Narrator's
Voice
Mwelu Mwose
Translating books for children should be an effortless task, right? The vocabulary is basic
and the syntax very straightforward. Unless, of course, you translate Dr. Seuss or the
countless other authors of children’s books who concentrate on the musical and playful
quality of the English language. How do you translate the musicality and playfulness of
these simple children’s stories? How do you reconcile puns and their illustrations in the
23
translated language? How do you overcome the challenge of translating into a foreign
language (French) as opposed to your own native tongue? These are a few of the
questions the panelists will tackle during their presentations.
NB: Some of the panelists will present in French.
Study Habits, Motives, and Strategies of College Students With Symptoms of ADHD
Alaina Myers and Nick Cwidak
College students with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
completed the Biggs Two-Factor Study Questionnaire which asks about study habits and
motivation for learning. Results revealed that students with ADHD ascribed to study
habits and motives that differed from students without ADHD. Specifically, the ADHD
group used a surface approach to learning whereas the control group used a deep
approach to learning. Current research is now being conducted to determine the betweengroup differences of study habits among former college students with ADHD who have
either graduated or withdrawn from the university. Previous studies have only examined
ADHD study habits compared to students without ADHD. The findings of the current
research study could aid in determining the learning habits and motivation essential for
students with ADHD to complete their college degree.
Negative Facial Expressions and Its Effects on Anxiety in those with Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
Danielle Newman
Facial expressions allow one to interpret the various social scenarios that occur
throughout the course of life. To do this, various parts of the brain must work together to
help one both interpret and respond to facial expressions properly. Oftentimes, people
who possess post-traumatic stress disorder have variances in these areas of the brain. It
was hypothesized that these variances could potentially cause higher levels of anxiety
when one is attempting to interpret or respond to negative facial expressions. By
examining the ways in which facial expressions are processed and the variances in those
with post-traumatic stress disorder, it was discovered that there are ways in which
differences in areas of the brain could contribute to higher levels of anxiety when viewing
negative facial expressions.
Dubious Beasts: Fear of the Foreign and Imperial Decay
Sarah Nicolaescu
Through late Victorian Gothic fiction, which can be identified as a genre of literary work.
Two novels, Dracula by Bram Stoker, (1897) and The Hound of the Baskervilles by
Arthur Conan Doyle, (1902) stand out, as casting to the societal anxieties of Great Britain
by the early 20th century, and British imperial decline. In Stoker’s novel, Dracula,
corresponds as an entity that is foreign and feared on account of his mythical tendencies
to seduce the women in the novel. And in Doyle’s novel the legend of Sir Hugo
Baskerville, and the “hound” play a pivotal role, in association and unease of the Empire
by the depiction of Hugo as a representation of the Empire, and the “hound” as the
foreign other, intervening and forcing itself into recognition. J. G Darwin in his essay,
“The Fear of Falling: British Policies and Imperial decline since 1900, argues that by the
time of the 1900’s Britain was in different time regarding their international presence as
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an imperial power, and this was something that was difficult to display, considering that
England's history until then revolved around false superiority, and offshore colonies. The
boundaries of the supernatural realm are released when Dracula and the hound are
compared as unlikely beasts that are destined to plunder, unremorseful, into the English
society. Through a lens of juxtaposition I will focus on the hound and Dracula as the
“dubious beasts” which, through the basis of their unfamiliarity threatened English
society by creating anxieties derived from the unexplored.
Color Perception in Children with Anxiety Disorder
Jessica Osowski
Different colors have many different meanings. For example, red is often forceful, while
blue is often calm (Annamary et. al., 2016). They can also affect children’s emotions
and cognitive performance. This is especially important for children who have been
diagnosed with anxiety disorder, as they have excessive and uncontrollable worry about
various events (DSM-5, 2013, p. 225). This research looks into different colors and the
emotions they will potentially elicit in children with anxiety disorder. My analysis
suggests that blue, pink, green, and yellow indicate a pleasant response in children with
anxiety. On the other hand, brown, black, red, and white indicate an aversive response in
children with anxiety. Implications and applications for the use of color in the everyday
life of children with anxiety disorder will be discussed.
Building Indiana University South Bend: Evolution of Campus Identity
Deb Parcell
Central to the mental picture produced at the mention of a university are its buildings.
Notre Dame’s golden dome and “Touchdown Jesus,” the limestone buildings of Indiana
University, Bloomington, or the gray stone buildings of Princeton are just a few of the
campuses known for their iconic architecture. From the smallest private college to
massive state universities, the built environment is inexorably linked to the name of the
institution. Indiana University South Bend’s campus started with a single building on
Northside Boulevard. As the campus has grown and changed over the last half century,
its identity has been evolving simultaneously, producing the image we know recognize as
IUSB. What vision guided this growth? Much of the slow transformation from a onestructure commuter campus to a multiple building university, complete with housing,
library, and recreational center was not the result of deliberate planning. Primary sources
such as newspaper articles, blueprints, and photographs document the growth and
expansion of the campus. This paper will utilize those sources to look at moments in
time of the IUSB campus, including location, green spaces, and buildings, focusing
primarily on Northside, Schurz Library, and the Student Activity Center. This paper will
compare the development of the IUSB campus to books and journal articles about
campus design, and development of community and a sense of place to demonstrate that
IUSB’s buildings are not static; they impart life and create identity for the institution.
A Novel Benchtop Time of Flight GC/MS System For High Throughput Qualitative And
Quantitative Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Human Urine
Khai Pham, David E. Alonso, Christina Kelly and Joe Binkley
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Drug abuse is one of the most common public health problems in the United States. In
2013, 59% of forensic laboratories reported that their current drug chemistry caseload
increased compared with their caseload one year ago. However, limited resource is one of
major challenges for many forensic scientists. Although recent literature indicates that
significant refinements and modifications to drug testing technology have been made, the
complexity of drugs still causes faulty results or the methodologies are inefficient. The
objective of this study was to develop a methodology that increases productivity by
reducing sample preparation, data acquisition, and processing times using “gold
standard”. The novel, benchtop GC-TOFMS is paired with next generation software tools
to give drug identification through the acquisition of full range, non- skewed mass
spectral data, fast runtime, extended dynamic ranges, and lower detection limits. Data
processing methods were programmed to carry out comprehensive detection of the
chemical constituents of multi-components drug mixes (barbiturates, amphetamines, and
opiates) in urine. The Peak Finding method can efficiently process large volumes of mass
data collected via spectral and chromatographic search algorithms that detect ion
fragments at low concentrations. Thus, it resulted in identification of heterocyclic
compounds such as alkaloids including cotinine and nicotine, as well as, narcotics
steroids and pharmaceuticals in urine samples. Moreover, the data is reliable base on
good calibration curve, high R-value.
Maybe in Distance, Never in Heart
Quadira Price
The topic that I decided to research was distant marriages. I choose to do so because, I
am currently in a distant marriage and thought it would be great to hear other people’s
stories. I also thought it would be great to systematically investigate the topic.
Statistically looking at numbers covering how many couple are in distance marriage in is
really outstanding because many people believe that they will never work out. I will
cover the platform of what a ‘good marriage’ actually consists of, with some of the
qualities including intimacy, communication, trust, persistence and forgiveness. I came
up with my own survey to reflect on a more personal level between how people who were
or are currently in a distant marriage handled the separation. One of the questions that
really added more emphasis to my research was “What is the best advice could you offer
someone who is already in or about to begin a distant marriage.” This happened to be one
of my favorites because along with the research, it proves that being separately over a
short or long period of time while being married is still possible, but like any relationship
it has its ups and downs.
Self-power and Resisting Destructive Obedience: A Look at Personality Factors Affecting
the Milgram Experiment
Hannah Quinn
The famous Milgram Experiment has shown that average individuals can be influenced to
obey a destructive authority figure. Average people committing terrible acts is
uncomfortable to fathom, however, research on destructive obedience lacks the
recognition of personality traits that also influence obedience. In this paper, the traits of
self-power, belief in a just world, self-efficacy, and self-esteem are discussed in-depth
and are applied as a partial explanation of the results in the famous Milgram studies. It is
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discussed that subjects who were high in self-power were less likely to obey the
destructive authority, and the reverse was true for those who were low in self-power. It
was also discussed that subjects who were high in belief in a just world were more likely
to obey the authority, and the reverse was true, as well. Being aware of these personality
traits, with regards to destructive obedience, can have major implications in future
obedience research, especially in predicting which people are more likely to obey a
destructive authority figure.
E. Hill Turnock: Following an Architec
Randy Roberts
Obscurity is always the hallmark of the forgotten past. The record of regional architect E.
Hill Turnock (1857-1926) is overlooked compared to the significance of his
contemporaries. The work of this architect is vitally important. Beginning his
professional career in Chicago under the direction of the “Father of the Modern
Skyscraper”, William Le Barron Jenney, Turnock contributed to the growth of Chicago
before returning to Elkhart, Indiana in 1907. His return to his hometown just beginning to
shed its pioneer identity gave birth to its transformation into a world-class setting of
boulevards, mansions, and overall sophistication. As a result, these spaces translate the
ideals of Turnock's aesthetic, which asserted good design should not follow fashion but
possess a unique style. These spaces are an exceptionally strong testament to the
architect's progressive vision and remain as symbols of an awakened value in early
Twentieth Century American architecture. Although Turnock consistently produced
results and successfully spent his entire career enhancing the urban landscape of our
surrounding area much is left unsaid about his legacy and achievements. Instead, a
shadow has been cast over this regional figure in the architectural history of the
Midwestern United States of America.
Testing of Materials and Sensors Used in the PICO Dark Matter Detector
Aaron L. Roeder
There is extensive evidence for the existence of dark matter in the universe. Dark matter
provides a viable solution to a multitude of otherwise unexplainable cosmic phenomena,
such as the development of large scale structure in the universe. Numerous experiments
are attempting to detect this exotic matter. IU South Bend is participating in the PICO
experiment at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Laboratory (SNOLAB).
The pressure vessel simulator (PVS) is an environmental chamber designed to replicate
the conditions of high pressure and temperature in the PICO bubble chambers. The PVS
is used to rigorously test the performance and durability of piezoelectric acoustic
transducers and other materials used in PICO. The new version of the PVS is more
efficient, allowing for an entirely automated process and an accelerated test rate. A yearsworth of pressure cycles can be simulated in a few days. The system has been used as
well to enable the study of long term strength of epoxies and gold-coating used. A
technique for measuring the strengths of such epoxies and metal bonds is described.
Invest. You? Yes!
Stephen M Salisbury
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Millennials have come of age in a challenging economy. Today, they enter the workforce
facing a multitude of obstacles to their long-term career outcomes and financial
stability. The company-led employment landscape of previous generations is breaking
down and a new, individual oriented paradigm is emerging. Wages face constant
downward pressure from the slashed labor costs of developing economies. Global
competition for jobs is fierce as technology allows for a more diversified and
diffused work force. In addition to challenging career starts, the retirement savings
landscape in the United States is shifting and it leaves Millennials exposed to an
uncertain future that hefts a burdensome share of retirement planning and saving onto
their shoulders. Many Millennials are unaware of the long-term implications of the
current financial straits that they face, several of which are out of control. Their
combination of low growth incomes with massive debt obligations is placing
downward pressure on their ability to adequately save for retirement. Traditional
employer-sponsored plans are not highly portable and require time consuming
bureaucratic processes when moving from one employer to the next. In addition,
freelance and contract laborers are left out of these plans entirey. Therefore, a
shift to a more portable and more widely available retirement plan system is
desirable to improve long-term investment outcomes for Millennials. The goal of this
project is to overcome the many obstacles in the way of a financially secure
retirement for Millennials by reshaping the traditional employer based investment
paradigm into an individual based, easily managed, portable, and convenient system.
The European Union's Retroactive Tax on Apple
Kevin G. Schascheck II
The United States and many European countries lack competitive tax rates and conditions
for large corporations. Ireland is one major exception to that rule. This has drawn sharp
criticism from its continental and overseas trade partners, which may have provided the
European Union with an incentive to hit Apple with a 14.6 billion dollar retroactive tax
bill. The consequences of this historically political and economic event cannot be
underestimated.
Deng Xiaoping and the Changing Perspective of Chinese Socialism in the 1980s.
Kendon Service
This research will focus on the economic reforms which Deng Xiaoping instituted during
the early 1980s. It will additionally examine how those reforms were implemented as a
tool to separate China from Mao Zedong Thought and the Mao Era as a whole, both of
which had plagued the country for decades prior. The primary sources of this research
come from back issues of the Beijing (Peking) Review, a weekly Chinese political
newsletter published in Beijing and the only one that was, and still is published in
English. This database of sources provides a perspective into the official, outward-facing
Chinese Communist Party perspective was during the Deng Xiaoping era since the CCP
would not allow anything to be published but the Party line. By reading and analyzing the
articles, one can understand what the thoughts were in Beijing at the time Deng’s famous
economic reforms were implemented. In addition, the sources also provide a week-byweek look into how the Chinese Communist Party was mulling over Deng’s reforms, and
how successful they were interpreted to be then versus how overwhelmingly successful
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they are viewed now. Furthermore, this paper will illustrate how various agents of the
Chinese Communist Party changed their attitudes of various issues that were previously
publicly unquestioned.
The Effects of Prison on Color Perception and Religion
Caderia Strickland
Deep inside the retina, rods and cones work together in order to adapt to the changes
within different environments. Color and the way that one perceives it in different
environments may have an influence on ones action. My research focuses on the way that
individuals’ visual perception works within different environments. Specifically, looking
at the use of different colors within prisons and the effect that would have on the actions
of an inmate. With the lack of exposure to color within prisons it is likely that when an
inmate comes in contact with an uncommon color, it would be more likely to attract their
attention. Religion in general uses color and images as a way to convey different
messages, and actions. The use of color within religion materials may prompt someone to
join, and be more interested to learn more about the religion based on the exposure the
person has to the color used in the images.
A Society Beyond Redemption: Conceptualizing Religious Repentance in G. K. Chesterton
and Agatha Christie
Sadie Sukich
G. K. Chesterton’s famous detective, Father Brown, is portrayed as dull throughout his
respective series, existing as a placeholder for the importance of religious ideology in the
constant social struggle surrounding faith, repentance and understanding innocence.
Robert Gillespie's piece "Detections: Borges and Father Brown" focuses on the
construction of religious detectives against the forces of moral evils alongside their quest
to allow for societal repentance into a prior state of innocence. "The Secret Garden" by G.
K. Chesterton emphasizes religious guilt in connection with greed and society's hidden
desire for repentance and I will be using historical sources on Victorian England's ideas
surrounding religion, Chesterton's own personal conversion and how this is reflected
within the Father Brown detective series as a way to contrast with Agatha Christie's
parody "The Man in the Mist" of his works. My project will show the ways in which
caricatures of good versus evil manifest themselves in detective fiction and how the idea
of redemption through religious conversion places Chesterton, through his interest in
portraying the importance of faith alongside reason in his detective works, as pushing
religious ideology at the expense of reason. I intend to show the historical conflict
Chesterton portrays in his works surrounding religion versus state ideology, highlight his
own personal connection with conversion and the idea of true innocence in the confines
of the detective fiction genre's structure against Christie's parody of Father Brown, in
how the parody subverts the importance of religious dogma regarding redemption and
achieved innocence.
Alex Sullivan
This paper intends to analyze the economic factors in South Bend Indiana during the
1950s and how they helped shape what we have come to know as Indiana University
South Bend. Among these various factors are the implantation of the G.I. Bill in the late
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1940s which seems to have been an overwhelming force in the growth of higher
education facilities nation-wide. South Bend like most urbanized areas of the United
States in the 1950s was riding the high of the post-war economic boom that would lay the
frame work for the economic juggernaut which the United States was to become. South
Bend from the 1940s through the 1960s was often referred to as “Test Town USA” a
reference to the microcosm of diversity that was South Bend, thus because of such
diversity several big time studies were conducted in South Bend as a reflection of the
nation as a whole. Because of the industry in South Bend the manufacturing economics
was divided into two main fields which essentially were designed to be consumed either
outside of the South Bend market or within it. These two styles of economics lay the
basis for the South Bend market and consequently dictate what the economy does. While
examining the G.I. Bill we can see the impact that it had on the higher education
facilities as well as the economy in the United States as well as South Bend.
Translating Winnie the Pooh: The Difficulties of Preserving Poetic Sound
Maia Sutter
Translating books for children should be an effortless task, right? The vocabulary is basic
and the syntax very straightforward. Unless, of course, you translate Dr. Seuss or the
countless other authors of children’s books who concentrate on the musical and playful
quality of the English language. How do you translate the musicality and playfulness of
these simple children’s stories? How do you reconcile puns and their illustrations in the
translated language? How do you overcome the challenge of translating into a foreign
language (French) as opposed to your own native tongue? These are a few of the
questions the panelists will tackle during their presentations.
NB: Some of the panelists will present in French.
Color Perception in Autism
Sydney Szymanowski
People diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience color
perception differently from the normal population. Research has shown that many of the
difficulties with sensory perception in people diagnosed with ASD is a result of visual
stress. A hyper excitable visual cortex often causes this visual stress. Research has shown
that color overlays can be beneficial to individuals with ASD dealing with visual stress.
For example, studies have shown individuals with ASD read faster, and see
improvements in perception of facial expression of emotion when using a color overlay
(Ludlow, Taylor-Whiffen, &amp; Wilkins, 2012). I will present an argument that color
overlays can also be beneficial to other people suffering from a hyper excitable cortex.
This includes but is not limited to, people suffering from: dyslexia, migraines, epilepsy,
drug addictions, and stress. I will then provide an analysis that the choice of color
overlays may be influenced by differences in color preference both across cultures and
from individual to individual. However, due to positive natural associations, blue and
green should be the most chosen overlays across cultures.
Sinister Settings: Landscape as a Representation of Human Perceptions and Motivations
Laura Taylor
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Landscapes in detective novels such as Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and the Hound
of the Baskervilles and Agatha Christie's Murder of Roger Ackroyd give meaning to
clues and an audience’s psychological reaction. While scholars have acknowledged the
use of setting like frightening imagery in Doyle’s Grimpen Moore or brutal bloodhounds,
few scholars have examined the similar context these elements share with the reader or
their juxtaposition to a seemingly domestic village environment. The perceptions and
fears reflected by characters in these novels emphasize the mood through abstract,
monstrous, or supernatural narrative techniques and affect readers. Settings like the eerie
moor or deceptively domestic country village provide this perception. In Christopher
Clausen’s “From the Mountain to the Monsters” the criticisms of monsters in cultural
texts and the ways they reflect the nineteenth century’s rapidly changing climate in
science and romanticism make this apparent. Clausen argues in the rush to contemporary
writing nature’s role has been forgotten but still remains because “the worlds horrors—
slumber uneasily within us” and even in pieces like Dracula divided by nature and
science the influence remains. I intend to argue the connection to nature and the additions
landscapes show in a story’s function or culture for characters through religion, science,
and human nature. The monstrous traits in a character’s personality add to the complexity
and how these elements manipulate their surroundings, such as Christie’s shedding light
to darker mysteries in Dr. Shepard being an unreliable narrator or Doyle’s eeriness in the
bloodhounds’ presence around the Moore.
Intrigues and Exposures
Patti Thurman
I submitted this essay for my Non-Fiction Creative Writing class. It tells the intrigues of
some of my ancestor's experiences in their homelands who eventually ended up in
America. Mainly it chronicles my grandparents, who chose to escape oppression in their
native countries by taking refuge in America as immigrants. This is also a story of the
effect these exposures had on me learning of them as a young child.
The Natural Occurrence of Big Boned Characteristics Among Humans
Alexa Wade
It is apparent that bone steadily grows and changes all throughout one’s lifetime from the
stage of adolescence into adulthood. Every individual’s bone mineral density will be
different from others to a greater or lesser extent. However, when considering certain
individuals who appear to be of a very large size, is it true that they are actually big
boned? Some argue in favor of this issue and find that being big boned is often naturally
occurring in larger individuals, especially within certain ethnic groups such as Pacific
Islanders. Others may argue against this claim and find that people often mistake or use
the exception of being big boned to compensate for what may actually be general obesity,
considering that bone mineral density only attributes to a certain amount of a person’s
overall weight. In this research, both of these perspectives on the concept of being big
boned will be evaluated. Studies will be conducted over the variability of bone density
among different groups of people, such as Pacific Islanders, and compared to other
groups. Data will also be gathered on the prevalence of obesity among certain
individuals and the condition of their bones in relation to their physical state. The
concept of robustness will also be examined among certain bones with recorded data and
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compared with average sized bones. The overall goal of this research is to answer the
question of whether individuals who may be naturally considered obese actually have
larger bones that account for their larger frame.
Sherlock Holmes-Paranormal Investigator: Reading The Hound of the Baskervilles as a
Work of the Supernatural
Savannah Welnetz
It is commonly acknowledged among scholars that the trend of Victorian supernatural
literature gave way to the detective novel in popular culture. However this transitional
trend tends to be characterized as a one-way street. Supernatural fiction has been found to
possess elements of the early detective, but the detective has no patience for the
supernatural. Srdjan Smajic in “The Trouble with Ghost-Seeing: Vision, Ideology, and
Genre in the Victorian Ghost Story” provides a history of the supernatural that suggests
that as the early detective genre grew and developed into its current form, it drove out our
ability to take the supernatural seriously. This project will reexamine the assumed oneway nature of that trajectory from supernatural to detective fiction using Conan Doyle’s
The Hound of the Baskervilles as a primary text. Based on an analysis of this novel I
make the case that no firm boundary exists between detective fiction and ghost stories. In
fact, these two genres work in complementary ways to make The Hound of the
Baskervilles both a detective fiction and compelling work of supernatural fiction.
The True "Heart" of Metropolis
Marissa Williams
It is a common movie trope that "things are not always as they seem". By the end of a
conventional narrative, the audience has been let in on what is and is not true, and they
walk away from a film feeling as though they know everything about the story. But even
these films with a sense of closure can have an entirely different ending after they fade to
credits. A character's sudden and radical change in behavior may or may not be
permanent or even as strong as it seems. Passion burns bright and hot and then fades just
as quickly. It is the characters whose morals and motives have been steadfast throughout
the story that we can truly rely on. For this reason, contrary to film studies experts, it is
only logical that in the movie Metropolis the character of Grot will be the true heart of
the city - not Freder.
Color Vision Impairment in Elderly Adults
Thomas Williams
Color perception is an important aspect in normal life. With color light causing shortwave, medium-wave, and long-wave cones to send signals to the ganglion cells which in
turn send signals to the brain, color perception in normal individuals is an aspect of visual
perception that has been thoroughly covered. In the elderly population visual decline is a
common occurrence. One aspect of visual decline, color perception, has not been well
researched in healthy elderly adults. What we do know is that as the people age, the lens
in the eye yellows and reduces the amount of short-wave length light from passing
through the lens and reaching the retina. The ganglion cells found in the eye also have
been found to deteriorate with age, which would impair signals from the cones reaching
the eye. Furthermore, brain shrinkage occurs which could hinder the brain making
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corrective changes to the signals that it would be receiving from the eyes. From the
finding research, it is proposed that these mentioned changes found in the normal aging
process would hinder the elderly from accurately perceiving short-wave length light.
Discussions will be held at the end of the presentation.
Gender, Community, and Sacrifice in the Literatures of Spanish-American and Spain
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz: la necedad y la inmadurez masculina en <<Hombres necios>>
Cassandra Duarte, Tiffany Amezquita, John DeVreese
"Es la culpa de ella": la doble moral y el espejo empañado
Elyssa Hurdt, Danielle Lyons, Janyelle Wiltfong
El diablo, la carne y el mundo: la mujer entre la espada y la pared en <<Hombres n
ecios>>
Connor Hoffman, Elise Mick, Raven Miller, Hector Valadez
La identidad regional y las Tradiciones de Palma: <<El alacrán de Fray Gómez>>
Gloria Marzke, Luis Gonzalez, Kashay Murray
Los milagros de todos los días: el buen peruano, Fray Gómez y el usurero
Kacey Jackson, Yesenia Garcilazo, Anabel Sanchez
La crisis sacrificial en Fuenteovejuna
Brittany Shipe
The six presentations interrogate representations of gender, community, and sacrifice for
the greater good in the works of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Ricardo Palma, and Lope de
Vega. Sor Juana's "Hombres necios" (Foolish Men) is a carefully constructed argument
that defies dominant patriarchal discourse. "El alacrán de Fray Gómez" (Father Gomez's
Scorpion) is a social commentary about the importance of regional identity, honesty, and
religious piety. Lope de Vega's Fuenteovejuna underscores the foundation of the rule of
law and group sacrifice for peaceful coexistence. Presentations are in Spanish.
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