RESEARCH PROJECTS AT UTT
Sommaire
Material Flow Information and Analysis of Mercury-containing Products....................................................................... 2
Development of optical nanosensors using block copolymers ........................................................................................ 3
Dynamic simulation by finite element of the female bust deformability......................................................................... 4
Project :3D modeling of 3D structure with a measuring arm (laser) ................................................................................ 5
Project :Development of a crumpling machine ................................................................................................................ 5
Project :LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) of crumpled paper sheets ............................................................................................ 6
Project : Hypergraph modeling of the crumpling process of flexible sheet for CAD application ..................................... 6
Project :Descriptive modeling of the crumpling process of flexible sheet ....................................................................... 7
Project :LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) comparison of non food products based on agro-resources....................................... 7
Characterisation of mechanical behaviour of a nanocrystalline layer using micro-dots and instrumented nanoindentor ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) ............................................................................................................. 9
1
Material Flow Information and Analysis of Mercury-containing Products
Junbeum KIM, Ph.D. Assistant Professor
CREIDD Research Centre on Environmental Studies & Sustainability
University of Technology of Troyes,
12 rue, Marie Curie, BP 2060, Troyes 10010, France, Email: [email protected]
Although mercury use is decreasing, mercury continues to pose a serious risk to human health and the environment.
Mercury and its compounds are recognized as highly toxic substances. Mercury-discharging sources can be divided
mainly into two types of facilities. One is intentional facilities which produce mercury-containing products such as
batteries, lamps and thermostats by intentionally using mercury, and the other is unintentional facilities that discharge
mercury via processes. Coal combustion, incineration and nonferrous metal production facilities are belonging to the
unintentional facilities. Material flow analysis is “a systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within
a system defined in space and time” (Brunner and Rechberger, 2004). In this study, we will study about background of
mercury material and its flow information. We will select some mercury contained products and study their materials
flows from its manufacture, import, distribution, disposal throughout its recovery. Also we will study below items;
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Collection, transportation, treatment and storage of mercury-contained waste products (e.g., blood pressure
gauge, thermometer, compact fluorescent lamp, and battery)
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Collection, transportation, treatment and storage of industrial waste (incinerator waste ash, wastewater
sludge etc. which are including mercury)
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Regulation and categories of waste by mercury contained concentration and types etc.
Figure 1. Concept of mercury material flow information and analysis
[1] UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Global Mercury Assessment 2013, Sources, Emissions,
Releases and Environmental Transport
[2] Paul H. Brunner and Helmut Rechberger, Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis, Lewis Publishers, 2004.
[3] http://www.ec.gc.ca/lcpe-cepa/default.asp?lang=en&n=86e14658-1
2
Development of optical nanosensors using block copolymers
Scientfic Supervisor: Thomas MAURER
Host Institution: Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d’Instrumentation Optique(LNIO)/ Université de Technologie de
Troyes (UTT)
Address : 12 rue Marie Curie, 10000 TROYES
email : [email protected]
Tel : +33 (0) 3 25 75 97 11
Fax : +33 (0) 3 25 71 84 56
Description of the research project:
Context
For the past fifteen years, the investigations of the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) for 50nm-100nm Au
nanoparticles has opened new perspectives for optical nanosensors. Indeed, there is not any longer the need of
using a prism in order to excite plasmons. The application possibilities are all the more numerous as the fundamental
studies go to the direction of single molecule sensing. What is at stake today is the development of such large scale
and low cost devices.
Scientific aim
The scientific aim is here to use copolymers as ecthing masks for
Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) in order to fabricate arrays of Au
nanocylinders [1]. The idea consists in using PS-PMMA copolymers
and in organizing them into domains after annealing. This
organization into domains will be controlled by AFM. Then, since
the two polymers are not attacked with the same speed by the
plasma during the RIE procedure, it will conduct to the creation of
a etching mask (made of holes). The next step is the attack of the
Au under-layer via the holes during another RIE process. Finally,
this process should allow the fabrication of arrays of Au cylinders
over large surfaces [2]. The interest of such a process is that it
does not require expensive technology and paves the way for
large-scale production.
Once the optical nanosensors is made by the young scientist, sensing tests will be led in order to detect small
quantities of different molecules.
[1] K. Asakawa and A. Fujimoto, Appl. Opt. 44 (2005) N°34
[2] C. K. Kang et al., Current Applied Physics 9 (2009) 197-200
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Dynamic simulation by finite element of the female bust deformability
Professor Abel Cherouat
GAMMA3 - Advanced Automatic Mesh Generation Techniques
University of Technology of Troyes,
12 rue, Marie Curie, BP 2060, Troyes 10010, France, Email: [email protected]
Objectives:
Modeling the behavior of female busts on static or dynamic and take into account the different biological
components of the breast.
The numerical simulation of the deformability of breast enable the development of new techniques for corsetry
confections or new medical equipment, especially for the detection of breast cancer.
In this project, we hope to develop numerical simulation CATIA-COMSOL or ABAQUS or breast-static and dynamics
that takes into account the components (skin, fat, glands or fibers and suspensory ligaments of Cooper) under the
effect of gravity laoding.
4
Project :3D modeling of 3D structure with a measuring arm (laser)
ROHMER Serge, Center of Research and Interdisciplinary Studies on Sustainable Development, [email protected]
Prerequisite: Mechanical engineering, 1 student
The main objective is to develop a procedure for the 3D modeling of crumpled papers, in order to create a batabase
of references crumpled surfaces. Crumpling is a folding action derived from origami techniques. A single paper sheet
can be folded and crumpled to create three-dimensional structures (Fig. 1). In order to understand the behavior of
crumpled structures, we firstly would like to reshape thecrumpled surfaces with a 3D measuring arm (Fig. 2). The
student will define: the technical support to immobilize the crumpled structures, the operational procedure to
capture the points of the structures, and the procedure for the 3D treatment of the points to reshape the surfaces.
Fig. 1. Crumpled structures
Fig. 2. 3D Measuring process
Project :Development of a crumpling machine
ROHMER Serge, Center of Research and Interdisciplinary Studies on Sustainable Development, [email protected]
Prerequisite: Mechanical Engineering
Maximum 2 students
Crumpling is a new origami technique to fold papers by creating crease patterns (Fig. 1). The objective is to develop a
machine to crumple paper sheet based on a concept developed at the CREIDD lab. The student will be in charge of
the development of the technical solutions based on the Value Engineering approach. The student(s) will define the
functional specification, will propose concept of prototypes, and finally will create a virtual prototype of the machine
to simulate its functioning.
(a) folded
(b) unfolded
Fig.4. Flexible packaging based on crumpled paper
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Project :LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) of crumpled paper sheets
ROHMER Serge, Center of Research and Interdisciplinary Studies on Sustainable Development.
[email protected]
Prerequisite :Eco-design, LCA, environmental assessment, SIMAPRO
maximum 2 students
Crumpling is a new origami technique to fold papers by creating crease patterns (Fig. 1); such structures can be used
for packaging. This technique has been developed by CREIDD and some partners. The main objective of this project is
to assess the environmental impacts of crumpled structures by developing a simplified environmental tool. The
student will have to define the state of the art on paper production and environmental assessment of paper
production. He will propose a simplified Life Cycle Analysis for the generic evaluation of environmental impacts of
crumpled structures.
Fig. 1. Crumpled structures
Project : Hypergraph modeling of the crumpling process of flexible sheet for CAD
application
ROHMER Serge, Center of Research and Interdisciplinary Studies on Sustainable Development.
[email protected]
Prerequisite : based method, CAD, face adjacency graph (FAG)
1 student
Crumpling is a new origami technique to fold papers by creating crease patterns (Fig. 1); such structures can be used
for packaging. This technique has been developed by CREIDD and some partners. The main objective is to propose a
modeling of the crumpling process based on a labeled hypergraph representation for CAD applications. The
hypergraph modeling uses the concepts of adjacency, superposition, morphocopy relations between faces of a
crumpled structure.
Fig. 1. Crumpled structures
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Project :Descriptive modeling of the crumpling process of flexible sheet
ROHMER Serge, Center of Research and Interdisciplinary Studies on Sustainable Development.
[email protected]
Prerequisite : industrial process modeling, video analysis
Maximum 2 students
Crumpling is a new origami technique to fold
papers by creating crease patterns; such
structures can be used for packaging. This
technique has been developed by CREIDD and
some partners. The main objective is to create a
descriptive modeling of the crumpling process
based on the analysis of videos of origami during
their folding process.
Fig. 1. Cage used for the video of the crumpling process
performed by an operator
Project :LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) comparison of non food products based on
agro-resources
ROHMER Serge, Center of Research and Interdisciplinary Studies on Sustainable Development.
[email protected]
Prerequisite: Eco-design, LCA, environmental assessment, SIMAPRO
1 student
The project contains sub-objectives :
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state of the art of non food products based on agro-resources,
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state of the art of scientific papers on LCA studies of products based on agro-resources,
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choice of an industrial sector (packaging or construction, …),
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comparative analysis of the LCA of product in the associated industrial sector,
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Analysis of the comparison (trends of the environmental impacts, …).
7
Characterisation of mechanical behaviour of a nanocrystalline layer using microdots and instrumented nano-indentor
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT – patented treatment in 2000 by our lab LASMIS) is a recently
developed promising technique to generate a nanocrystallised layer on the surface of metallic components. As a
strong refinement of the grain size can lead to a significant increase of strength due to the Hall-Petch relationship,
the nanocrystalline layer induced by SMAT is very attractive. The difficulty is to characterise the mechanical
behaviour of this nanocrystalline layer itself (thickness between 30 and 50 m composed of nano-grains).
In this work, a nanocrystallised layer will be synthetized at the surface of 316L stainless steel by means of SMAT.
Micro-dots will be then realised using a new technique based on chemically synthetized mask (patent pending). Both
lithography and etching techniques will be combined. This part will be conducted in collaboration with the LNIO
(nanofab activity).
Finally, the mechanical behaviour of the nanocrystalline layer will be characterised performing compressive tests on
the micro-dots thanks to instrumented nano-indentor machine (all these equipments are available in our university).
This project is part of the national CNRS “risk” topic.
For more information, please contact Mrs Delphine Retraint
Tel.: +33 3 25 71 56 68; fax: +33 3 25 71 56 75.
E-mail address: [email protected]
8
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT)
Due to its excellent corrosion resistance and its biocompatibility, austenitic 316L stainless steel is a widely used
material in environments such as the petrochemical, chemical, nuclear, and food industries. However, in its coarsegrained (CG) state, austenitic stainless steel possesses relatively low strength and poor wear resistance that make it
unsuitable for many structural applications. It is well known that a strong refinement of the grain size can lead to
additional increase of strength due to the Hall–Petch relationship. So, with the emergence of methods to produce
nanostructures, new routes to enhance properties of metals and alloys are arising. Among them, the recently
developed surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT – patented treatment in 2000 by our lab LASMIS) appears
as a promising technique to generate a nanocrystallised layer on the surface of metallic materials.
SMAT provides an alternative approach to effectively upgrade the global properties of engineering materials and
this, without change of the chemical composition. As SMAT is simple, flexible and low cost, this technique is
potentially very useful in industrial applications.
In this work, a nanocrystallised layer will be synthetized at the surface of 316L stainless steel by means of SMAT
performed at different temperatures. Investigations of the SMATed microstructure (optical and electron microscope
observations, X-ray diffraction measurements), the residual stresses and the micro-hardness will be carried out (all
the equipments are available in our university).
In a second step, the influence of the SMAT on the mechanical properties of the treated steel specimens will be
studied (tensile and/or fatigue tests).
For more information, please contact Mrs Delphine Retraint
Tel.: +33 3 25 71 56 68; fax: +33 3 25 71 56 75.
E-mail address: [email protected]
9