X208/11/01
NATIONAL
QUALIFICATIONS
2015
THURSDAY, 21 MAY
9.00 AM – 11.00 AM
GEOGRAPHY
INTERMEDIATE 2
Candidates should answer four questions: Section A
Question 1
and
Question 2
AND
Section B
Candidates should read the questions carefully.
relevant.
any two questions from
Questions 3 to 7
Answers should be clearly expressed and
Credit will always be given for appropriate sketch-maps and diagrams.
Write legibly and neatly, and leave a space of about one cm between the lines.
All maps and diagrams in this paper have been printed in black only: no other colours have been
used.
PB
*X208/11/01*
©
SECTION A
Marks
IN THIS SECTION YOU MUST ANSWER QUESTION 1 AND QUESTION 2.
Question 1: Physical Environments
Diagram Q1A: Cross-section from 840880 to 880870
Metres
700
A
B
C
D
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
840880
880870
(a) Study Diagram Q1A and the Ordnance Survey Map Extract (No 2111/OL30).
Identify features A–D shown on the cross-section.
Choose from:
minor road
river
woodland
swallow hole
Pennine Way.
4
(b) Study the Ordnance Survey Map Extract (No 2111/OL30).
At grid reference 873904 there is an ox-bow lake. Using diagrams, explain the
formation of an ox-bow lake.
[X208/11/01]
Page two
5
Marks
1.(continued)
Diagram Q1B: The Pennine Way
84
85
86
87
88
89
92
92
91
91
Hawes
90
90
89
89
88
88
87
87
86
86
85
84
85
86
87
88
89
85
Pennine Way (long distance footpath)
(c)
Study Diagram Q1B and the Ordnance Survey Map Extract (No 2111/OL30).
The Pennine Way attracts a large number of walkers each year.
Using map evidence, describe the advantages and disadvantages for walkers along
this section of the Pennine Way.
5
[Turn over
[X208/11/01]
Page three
Marks
1.(continued)
Diagram Q1C: Upland Land Use
Farming
Tourism
Forestry
SELECTED LAND USES
IN UPLAND AREAS
Leisure and
Recreation
Water Storage
(d) Study Diagram Q1C.
(i) Explain conflicts which could take place between these activities.
6
(ii) For any upland area you have studied describe ways in which public and
voluntary organisations attempt to manage these conflicts.
5
(25)
[END OF QUESTION 1]
NOW GO ON TO QUESTION 2
[X208/11/01]
Page four
Marks
Question 2: Human Environments
Map Q2A: World Population Density
Persons per km2
under 20
20– 99
100 – 179
180 – 259
260 and over
(a) Study Map Q2A.
Referring to both human and physical factors, explain why some countries have a
high population density.
[Turn over
[X208/11/01]
Page five
6
2.(continued)
Marks
Diagram Q2B: Population Structure for China 1950 and 2050 (Projected)
China: 1950
100
100
90
90
80
Age
China: 2050
Males
70
60
60
Age
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
60
40
20
0
20
Millions
40
Females
80
Females
70
0
Males
60
0
60
40
0
20
20
Millions
40
60
Describe, in detail, the changes shown in population structure from 1950 to 2050.
4
(b) Study Diagram Q2B.
Diagram Q2C: Transport Problems in Cities
(c)
Look at Diagram Q2C.
For a named city you have studied:
(i) describe methods which have been used to reduce traffic congestion;
6
(ii) comment on the effectiveness of these methods.
[X208/11/01]
Page six
Marks
2.(continued)
Diagram Q2D: Newspaper Headline
Farm Diversification
Many farmers now make money in other ways.
(d) Look at Diagram Q2D.
5
Describe ways that farmers can diversify to make extra income.
Diagram Q2E: Selected Industrial Location Factors
LABOUR
TRANSPORT
INDUSTRIAL
LOCATION
GOVERNMENT POLICY
(e)
Look at Diagram Q2E.
4
Explain how these factors have led to changes in industrial location.
(25)
[END OF SECTION A]
NOW TURN TO SECTION B AND ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS
[Turn over
[X208/11/01]
Page seven
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
[X208/11/01]
Page eight
SECTION B
Environmental Interactions
Answer any two questions from this section.
Choose from
Question 3
Rural Land Degradation
(Pages 10 to 11)
Question 4
River Basin Management
(Pages 12 to 13)
Question 5
European Environmental Inequalities (Pages 14 to 15)
Question 6
Development and Health
(Page 16 to 17)
Question 7
Environmental Hazards
(Page 18)
[Turn over
[X208/11/01]
Page nine
Marks
SECTION B
Question 3: Rural Land Degradation
Diagram Q3A: Brazil—Deforestation
(a) Look at Diagram Q3A.
For Brazil, or any other area you have studied, explain the main causes of
deforestation.
[X208/11/01]
Page ten
5
Marks
3. (continued)
Diagram Q3B: Newspaper Headline
“168 COUNTRIES WORLDWIDE ARE NOW AFFECTED BY
LACK OF RAINFALL, ARID CONDITIONS AND INCREASING
PROBLEMS CAUSED BY DESERTIFICATION”
(b) Look at Diagram Q3B.
(i) For a named area you have studied, describe the effects of desertification on
the people and the landscape.
5
(ii) Describe, in detail, methods which may be used to reduce the desertification
process.
5
(15)
[Turn over
[X208/11/01]
Page eleven
Marks
Question 4: River Basin Management
Diagram Q4A: Factors Affecting Demand for Water in a River Basin
Farming
Leisure
RIVER BASIN
Energy
Industry
(a) Study Diagram Q4A.
For a named river basin you have studied, describe, in detail, the different ways
in which the water is used.
[X208/11/01]
Page twelve
6
Marks
4.(continued)
Map Q4B: Colombia River Basin Water Control Project
CANADA
USA
er
Colu mbia Riv
100 km
Key
River with dam
Edge of drainage basin
State boundary
International boundary
(b) Study Map Q4B.
For this, or any other river basin you have studied:
(i) describe advantages of the project;
5
(ii) explain why some people may object to the project.
4
(15)
[Turn over
[X208/11/01]
Page thirteen
Marks
Question 5: European Environmental Inequalities
Diagram Q5A: Coastal Area in Europe
Farmland
(a) Study Diagram Q5A.
Explain ways in which farming and tourism can pollute coastal areas.
(b) For any two rivers you have studied, explain the differences in their
environmental quality.
[X208/11/01]
Page fourteen
5
6
Marks
5. (continued)
Diagram Q5B: Air Pollution in Europe
(c)
Look at Diagram Q5B.
Describe methods used by European countries to reduce the amount of air
pollution.
4
(15)
[Turn over
[X208/11/01]
Page fifteen
Marks
Question 6: Development and Health
Map Q6A: Selected Problems Affecting African Countries
Niger –
High birth rate
Mali –
Drought
Chad –
Desertification
Somalia –
Civil war
Gabon –
84% rainforest
cover
Tanzania –
Debt
(a) Study Map Q6A above.
For Africa, or any other area you have studied, explain the physical and human
factors which can affect levels of development.
6
[X208/11/01]
Page sixteen
Marks
6. (continued)
Diagram Q6B: Worldwide Deaths Caused by Heart Disease and AIDS in 2013
8
Deaths
(millions)
6
4
2
0
Heart Disease
AIDS
(b) Study Diagram Q6B above.
For either heart disease OR AIDS:
(i) explain the causes of the disease;
4
(ii) describe the methods used to control this disease.
5
(15)
[Turn over for Question 7 on Page eighteen
[X208/11/01]
Page seventeen
Marks
Question 7: Environmental Hazards
Diagram Q7A: Tectonic Plate Boundaries
(a) Study Diagram Q7A.
Explain why volcanic eruptions are common along plate boundaries.
4
Map Q7B: Pakistan Earthquake 2013
AFGHANISTAN
IRAN
PAKISTAN
UAE
OMAN
Karachi
INDIA
Arabian sea
(b) Look at Map Q7B.
For a named earthquake you have studied:
(i) describe, in detail, the impact on the people and the landscape;
6
(ii) explain the importance of short-term and long-term aid to the affected area.
5
(15)
[END OF QUESTION PAPER]
[X208/11/01]
Page eighteen
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
[BLANK PAGE]
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
Acknowledgement of Copyright
Question 3(a)
Frontpage/shutterstock.com
Question 5(c)
manfredxy/shutterstock.com