Medical Terminology
for Nursing and
Midwifery Students
1
a = absent, deficient, lack of .atrophy.
ab- = off ,away from .absent, abduction.
abdomen = abdomen .abdominal.
abdomin[o]- = abdomen .abdomen.
-able = capable of .viable.
ac = -toward to .actin.
-ac, -acal = pertaining to .hydrophobiac pharmacomaniacal.
acanth[o]- = thorn , spine .acanthoma ,acanthulus.
acou = -hear .acoustic.
acous[io]- = hearing.acoumeter, acoustician.
acr[o]- = extremity, topmost .acrocrany ,acromegaly.
-acusis = hearing .paracusis.
ad- = increase, adherence ,motion toward .adduction, adduct.
-ad = toward, in the direction of .dorsad.
aden[o]-, aden[i]- = gland .adenocarcinoma, adenology.
adip[o = -]fatty tissue .adipocyte.
adren[o]- = adrenal glands .adrenal artery.
-aemia = blood condition .anaemia.
aer[o]- = air, gas .aerosinusitis.
-al = pertaining to .abdominal.
alb- = white .albicans ,albino.
alg[i]o- = pain .myalgia.
alge[si]- = pain .analgesic.
-algia = pain .neuralgia, myalgia.
allo- = something as different, as an addition .alloantigen, allopathy.
ambi- = both .ambidextrous.
amnio- = membranous fetal sac .amnion, amniocentesis.
amph-, amphi- = on both sides .amphismela ,amphomycin.
an- = absence of .analgia.
ana- = back, again, up .anaplasia.
andr[o]- = man .andrology, android.
2
anesthesio- = sensation .anesthesia.
angi- = vessels .angiology, angiogram.
aniso- = unequal .anisotropic, anisocytosis.
ankyl[o]-, ancyl[o]- = something as crooked , bent .ankylosis.
ante- = before, in front of .antebrachium ,antepartum.
anti- = against .anticoagulant, antipsychotic.
apo = -separated from, derived from .apoptosis.
aque- = water .aqueous.
arch[i,e,o]- = beginning, origin .archenteron ,archinephron.
arteri[o]- = artery .artery, arteriole.
arthr[o]- = joint .arthritis.
articul[o]- = joint .articulation.
-ary = pertaining to .bilary tract.
-ase = enzyme .lactase.
-asis = condition , state of .homeostasis.
-asthenia = weakness .myasthenia gravis.
atel[o = ]incomplete development .atelocardia.
-ation = process .mineralization.
atri[o = -]atrium .atrioventricular.
aud- = hearing ,sound .auditory.
aur[i]- = ear .aural.
aut[o]- = self .autolysis ,autoimmune.
aux[o]- = increase; growth .auxocardia.
axill- = armpit .axilla.
azo[to] = nitrogenous compound .azothermia.
balano- = glans penis or glans clitoridis .balanitis.
bi- = two .bipedal.
bio- = life .biopsy.
blast[o]- = generative , germ, bud .blastocyst ,blastomere.
blephar[o]- = eyelid .blepharoplast.
brachi[o]- = arm .brachialis, brachium.
brachy- = short .brachydont, brachycephalic.
3
brady = -slow .bradycardia.
bronch[i]- = bronchus .bronchiolitis obliterans.
bucc[o]- = cheek .buccal cavity, buccolabial.
burs[o = -]bursa .bursitis.
cac- = bad, ill .cachexia.
calc- = stone .calculus.
capill = -hair .capillus.
capit- = head .capitis, capitation.
carcin[o = -]cancer .carcinogenic, carcinoma.
cardi = -heart .cardiac.
carp[o = -]wrist .carpopedal.
cata- = lower, under, against .catabolism ,cataract.
caud- = tail .cauda equina.
-cele = pouching, hernia .hydrocele.
-centesis = surgical puncture for aspiration .amniocentesis.
cephal[o = -]head .cephalic.
cerat[o = -]cornu ;horn .ceratoid.
cerebell[o]- = cerebellum .cerebellum.
cerebr[o]- = brain .cerebrology, cerebrospinal fluid.
cervic = -neck, cervix .cervicodorsal.
chem[o]- = chemistry, drug .chemotherapy.
chir[o]- , cheir[o = -]hand .chiropractor.
chlor[o = -]green color.chlorophyll.
chol[e = -]bile .cholic ,cholaemia.
cholecyst[o]- = gallbladder .cholecystectomy.
chondr = -cartilage .chondrocyte.
chondr[i]o- = cartilage, gristle, granule ,granular .chondrocalcinosis.
chrom[ato = -]color .chromocyte ,hemachromatosis.
-cidal, -cide = destroy .germicide.
cili = -cilia ,the eyelashes; eyelids .ciliary.
circum = -around .circumduct ,circumcision.
cis- = kill, to cut .homicide, genocide.
4
clast = break .osteoclast.
co = -together .copulation.
coel = -hollow cavity .coelom.
-coele = swelling, enlarged space or cavity .blastocoel.
col ,-colo-, colono- = colon .colonoscopy.
colp[o]- = pertaining to the vagina .colposcopy.
com- = with, together .communist.
con- = with, together .cogenital.
contra = -against, opposite .contraception ,contraindicate.
cor- = with, together .corrode.
cor-, core-, coro- = eye’s pupil .corectomy.
cordi- = heart .commotio cordis.
corn = -hardness .cornified.
cornu- = resembles a horn .cornual.
corp = -body .corpus.
cost[o]- = ribs .costochondral.
cox- = hip, haunch, or hip-joint .coxopodite.
crani[o]- = cranium .craniology.
-crine = to secrete .endocrine.
cry[o]- = cold .cryoablation.
crypt- = hidden .cryptorchidism.
cutane- = skin .subcutaneous.
cyan[o]- = blue .cyanosis ,yanopsia.
cycl- = circle .cycle.
cyph[o]- = something as bent .cyphosis.
cyst[o]-, cyst[i]-= sac , bladder .cystoscope, cystotomy.
-cyte = cell .leukocyte.
cyto- = cell .cytology, cytokine.
dacryo- = tear .dacryorrhea.
dactyl[o]- = finger, toe .dactylology.
de- = down, away from, cessation .descent.
dent- = teeth .dentist.
5
dermat[o]-, derm[o =-]skin .dermatology.
-desis = binding .arthrodesis.
dextr[o]- = right, on the right side .dextrocardia.
di- = two, apart, separation .diarthrotic.
dia- = through, throughout .diacetyl, diagnosis.
dif = -apart, separation .differ.
digit = -finger .digit.
dipl- = double .diploid.
dis = -apart, away from .disarticulate.
dis- = separation, taking apart .dissection.
dors[o]-, dors[i]- = back .dorsal, dorsocephalad.
duct = -apart, away from .disarticulate.
duodeno- = duodenum, twelve .duodenal atresia.
dur- = hard .dura mater.
dynam[o]- = force, energy, power .dynamic, dynamometer.
-dynia = pain .vulvodynia.
dys- = bad, difficult ,painful .dysentery, dysphagia.
e- = out, from .eccrine.
ec- = outside ,outer, external .ectoderm.
ect[o]- = outer, outside .ectopic pregnancy.
-ectasis = expansion, dilation .bronchiectasis.
-ectomy = surgical removal .tonsillectomy, mastectomy.
ede- = swelling .edema.
-emesis = vomiting condition .hematemesis.
-emia = a condition of the blood .anemia.
en- = within .endoderm.
encephal[o]- = brain .encephalogram.
endo- = inside, within .endocrinology, endospore.
enter = -intestine .enteritis, gastroenterology.
epi- = upon, over .epidermis ,epidural.
episi[o]- = pubic region, the loins .episiotomy.
erythr[o = -]red color .erythrocyte.
6
-esophageal, -esophago = gullet .esophagobronchial.
esthesio- = sensation .esthesioneurosis.
eu- = true ,good, well, new .eukaryote.
ex- = out of, away from .excise.
exo = -outside .exocrine, exoskeleton.
extra- = outside of, in addition .extracellular.
faci[o]- = face .facioplegic.
fasci- = band .fascia.
febr- = fever .febrile.
-ferent = bear, carry .efferent.
fibr[o]- = fiber .fibroblast.
fiss- = split .fissure.
for- -iform = opening .foramen.
-form = shape .fusiform.
fossa = depression , hollow .fossa ovalis.
front- = forehead .frontonasal.
galact[o]- = milk .galactorrhea.
gastr[o]- = stomach .gastrointestinal, gastric bypass.
-gen = an agent that produces .pathogen, heterogenous.
-genic = producing .carcinogenic.
genu- = knee .genu valgum.
gingiv- = gums .gingivitis.
glauc[o]- = grey, bluish-grey color .glaucoma.
gloss = -tongue .glossopharyngeal.
gloss[o]-, glott[o]- = tongue .glossology.
gluco- = glucose .glucocorticoid.
glyco- = sugar .glycosuria ,glycolysis.
gnath[o]- = jaw .gnathodynamometer.
-gnosis = knowledge .diagnosis, prognosis.
gon[o]- = seed, semen; also, reproductive .gonorrhea.
-gram = a record.ing. .electroencephalogram.
-gram = record or picture .angiogram.
7
gran- = grain, particle .granulosa cells.
-graph = record , picture .electrocardiograph.
-graph = recording instrument .telegraph.
-graphy = process of recording .angiography.
gravi- = heavy .gravid.
gyn- = female sex .gynecology.
gyn[aec]o- , gyn[ec]o- = woman .gynecomastia.
halluc- = to wander in mind .hallucinosis.
haplo- = simple or single .haploid.
hem[at]- , haemato- = blood .hematology.
hema- , hemo = -blood .hematological malignancy.
hemi- = half .hemiplagia, cerebral hemisphere.
hepat- = liver .hepatic portal, hepatology.
hetero- = other ,different .heterosexual, heterogeneous.
hidr[o]- = sweat .hyperhidrosis.
hist[o]-, histio = -tissue .histology.
holo = -whole, entire .holocrine.
home[o]- = similar .homeopathy.
homo- = same ,alike .homologous, homosexuality.
humer[o]- = shoulder, the upper arm .humerus.
hydr[o]- = water .hydrophobe, hydrocoel.
hyper- = above ,excessive .hypertension, hypovolemia.
hypo- = under, below .hypoglycemia.
hyster[o = -]womb, the uterus .hysterectomy.
-ia = medical specialties .pediatrics.
-i-asis = condition .mydriasis.
iatr[o = -]medicine, a physician .iatrochemistry.
-iatrics = medical specialties .pediatrics.
-iatry = a field in medicine .podiatry, psychiatry.
-ic = pertaining to .hepatic artery.
-icle = small .ovarian follicle.
-ics = organized knowledge ,treatment .bionomics, osmics.
8
idio- = self, separate .idiopathic.
ilio = -ilium .iliosacral.
infra- = beneath .infraspinatus, infrahyoid muscles.
inter- = among, between .interosseus, interarticular ligament.
intra- = inside, within .intracellular, intracranial hemorrhage.
-ion = process .acromion.
irid[o]- = iris .iridectomy.
isch- = restriction .ischemia.
ischio- = ischium, the hip-joint .ischiorrhogic.
-ism = condition, disease, state .dimorphism ,dwarfism.
-ismus = spasm, contraction .strabismus.
iso- = equal, like .isotonic.
-ist = who specializes in .pathologist.
-ite =the nature of ,resembling .hermaphrodite.
-itis = inflammation .meningitis ,tonsillitis.
-ium = structure, tissue .pericardium.
karyo- = nucleus .eukaryote.
kerat[o]- = cornea .keratoscope.
kin[e]-, kin[o], kinesi[o = -]movement .kinesthesia.
koil[o]- = hollow .koilocyte.
kyph[o]- = humped .kyphoscoliosis.
labi[o]- = lip .labium majus, labiodental.
lacrim[o = -]tears .lacrimal apparatus, lacrimal canaliculi.
lact[i]-, lact[o] = milk .lactation.
lapar[o]- = abdomen-wall, flank .laparotomy.
laryng[o = -]larynx .laryngitis.
later- = side .lateral, lateral pectoral nerve.
lei[o]- = smooth .leiomyoma.
-lepsis, -lepsy = attack, seizure .epilepsy, narcolepsy.
lept[o]- = light, slender .leptospirosis.
leuc[o ,-]leuk[o]- = white color .leukocyte.
lingu[a]-, lingu[o]- = tongue .linguistics.
9
lip[o]- = fat .lipid, liposuction.
lith[o]- = stone ,calculus .lithotripsy.
log[o]- = speech .logogram.
-logist = who studies a field .oncologist, pathologist.
-logy = science of .morphology, hematology .
lymph[o]- = lymph .lymphedema.
lys[o]-, -lytic = dissolution .lysosome ,hemolysis.
-lysis = destruction, separation .paralysis.
macro- = large ,great .macrophage.
mal- = bad, abnormal, disorder .malignant.
-malacia = softening .osteomalacia.
mamm[o]- = breast .mammogram.
mammill[o = -]nipple .mammillitis.
manu- = hand .manufacture.
mast[o]- = breast .mastectomy.
medi- = middle .medial.
meg[a]-, megal[o]-, -megaly = enlargement .splenomegaly,
megakaryocyte.
melan[o]- = black color .melanin.
melos = extremity .erythromelalgia.
mening[o]- = membrane .meningitis.
mero- = part .merocrine, meroblastic.
mes[o]- = middle .mesoderm.
meta- = after, beyond .metatarsal, metacarpus.
-meter = measurement .sphygmomanometer.
metr[o]- = uterus .metrorrhagia.
-metry = measuring .optometry.
micro- = small .microtome, microscope.
mito = -thread .mitochondrion.
mono- = alone, one, single .monocyte, infectious mononucleosis.
morph- = form, shape .morphology.
multi- = many, much .multinuclear.
10
muscul[o]- = muscle .musculoskeletal system.
my[o = -]muscle .myoblast, myology.
myc[o]- = fungus .onychomycosis.
myel[o = -]bone marrow .myeloblast.
myring[o]- = eardrum .myringotomy.
myx[o = -]mucus .myxoma.
narc- = numbness, stupor, sleep .narcotic ,narcolepsy.
nas[o]- = nose .nasal.
necr[o]- = death .necrotizing fasciitis.
necro- = corpse, dead .necrosis.
neo- = new, young .neonatal ,neoplasm.
nephr[o]- = kidney .nephritis, nephrology.
nerv- = nerves ,nervous system .nerve.
neur.i.-, neur[o]- = nerves, nervous system .neurofibromatosis,
neurolemma.
normo- = normal .normocapnia.
noto- = back .notochord.
ob- = against, in front of .obturator.
oc- = against .occlusion.
ocul[o]- = eye .oculist.
odont[o]- = teeth .orthodontist.
odyn[o]- =pain .stomatodynia.
-oesophageal, oesophago = -gullet .esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
-oid = resembling, likeness .sigmoid ,sarcoidosis.
ole = small .molecule.
oligo- = few, small .oligodendrocyte ,oligotrophy .
om[o]- = shoulder .omoplate.
-oma , -omata = tumor, mass .sarcoma, teratoma.
omphal[o]- = navel, umbilicus .omphalotomy.
onco = -tumor, bulk .oncology.
onych[o]- = nail .onychophagy.
oo- = egg .oocyte ,oogenesis.
11
oophor[o]- = woman’s ovary .oophorectomy.
ophthalm[o]- = eye .ophthalmology.
optic[o]- = vision .opticochemical.
or[o]- = mouth .oral.
orchi[o]-, orchido- = testis .orchiectomy, orchiectomy.
ortho = -straight, normal .orthopnea, orthodontist.
-ory = pertaining to .sensory.
-ose = full of .adipose.
-osis = disease, increase .ichthyosis ,psychosis.
osseo- = bony .osseointegration.
ossi- = bone .ossifying fibroma.
ost[e]-, oste[o]- = bone .osteoporosis.
osteo- = bone .osteoblast.
ot[o]- = ear .otopathy, otolith.
-ous = pertaining to . ferrous, hypochlorous.
ovari[o]- = ovaries .ovariectomy.
ovo-, ovi-, ov = egg .ovum, ovogenesis.
oxo- = addition of oxygen .oxoid.
oxy- = sharp ,acid, acute, oxygen .oxycodone.
pachy- = thick = pachyderma
palpebr = -eyelid .palpebra.
pan-, pant[o]- = complete, containing everything .panophobia,
panopticon.
papill- = nipple .papillitis.
papul[o]- = small swelling in the skin, pimple .population.
par- = give birth to .parturition.
para- = near, beyond, beside .paranasal.
-paresis = slight paralysis .hemiparesis.
parvo- = small .parvovirus.
path[o]- = disease .pathology.
-pathy = abnormality, disease .sociopathy, neuropathy.
ped = -children .pediatrician.
12
ped-, -ped-, -pes = foot; -footed .pedoscope.
pelv[i]-, pelv[o]- =hip bone .pelvis.
pen- = need, lack .penicillin.
-penia = deficiency .thrombocytopenia, osteopenia.
peo = -penis .peotomy.
-pepsia = digestion, digestive tract .dyspepsia.
per = -through .percutaneous.
peri- = near, around .pericardium ,periodontal.
-pexy = fixation .nephropexy.
phaco- =lens-shaped .phacolysis, phacoemulsification.
phag- = to eat .phagocyte.
-phage- ,phagia = eating, ingestion .sarcophagia.
phagist- = who ‘feeds on’ the first element or part of the word
.lotophagis.
-phago- = eating, devouring .phagocyte.
-phagy = ‘feeding on’ the first element .anthropophagy.
phallo- = phallus .aphallia.
pharmaco- = drug .pharmacology.
pharyng[o]- = pharynx .pharyngitis ,pharyngoscopy.
-phil[ia] = attraction for .hemophilia.
phleb- = vein .phlebitis.
phleb[o]- = vein .phlebography, phlebotomy.
phob[o = -]exaggerated fear, sensitivity .arachnophobia, hydrophobia.
phon[o]- = sound .phonology.
phos- = light or its chemical properties .phosphene.
phot[o = -]light .photopathy.
phren.i.-, phren[o]-, phrenico = diaphragm, mind .phrenic nerve,
schizophrenia.
-plasia = formation, development .achondroplasia.
-plasty = reconstruction, surgical repair .rhinoplasty.
platy- = flat, side .platysma.
-plegia = stroke, paralysis .paraplegia.
13
pleio- = more, excessive, multiple .pleiomorphism.
pleur[o ,-]pleur[a] = pleura, side, rib .pleurogenous.
-plexy = stroke, seizure .cataplexy.
-pnea = to breathe .apnea.
pneum[o]- = air, lungs = .pneumonocyte, pneumonia.
pod-, -pod-, -pus = foot .podiatry.
-poiesis = formation of .hemopoiesis.
polio- = grey color .poliomyelitis.
poly = -many, much .polyploidy, polymyositis.
por[o]- = cavity, passage , pore .porencephalia, porotomy.
porphyr[o]- = purple color .porphyroblast.
post = -after, behind .postnatal, postoperation.
pre- = before in time or place .prenatal, prematurity.
presby[o]- = old age = presbyopia
prim- = first ,most important .primary.
pro- = before .procephalic.
proct- = anus .proctology.
prot[o]- = first, most important .protoneuron.
pseudo = -false .pseudostratified.
psych[e]-, psych[o] = mind .psychology ,psychiatry.
psycho- = mental .psychology.
-ptosis = falling, drooping ,prolapsed .apoptosis.
-ptysis = spitting . hemoptysis.
pulmon-, pulmo = -lungs .pulmonary.
pyel[o]- = pelvis .pyelonephritis.
pyo- = pus .pyorrhea ,pyometra.
pyro- = fever .antipyretic, pyrogenic.
quad- = fourfold .quadriceps femoris.
quadr.i.- = four .quadriceps.
radio- = radiation .radiowave.
re- = back, again .repolarization.
rect- = straight .rectus abdominus.
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rect[o]- = straight or rectum .rectoscope ,rectosigmoidoscopy.
ren[o]- = kidney .renal.
rete- = network .rete testis.
reticul[o]- network, netlike .reticulocyte.
retro- = backward ,behind .retroperitoneal, retroverted.
rhabd[o]- = rod shaped, striated .rhabdomyoma.
rhachi[o]- = spine . rachialgia, rachiopathy.
rhin[o = -]nose .rhinoceros, rhinoplasty.
rhod[o]- = rose-red color .rhodophyte.
-rrhage = burst forth .hemorrhage.
-rrhagia = excessive flow ,rapid flow of blood .hemorrhage,
metrorrhagia.
-rrhaphy = suturing .colporrhaphy, gastrorrhaphy.
-rrhea = flowing, discharge .galactorrhea ,diarrhea.
-rrhexis = rupture .angiorrhexis, enterorrexis.
rubr[o]- = red nucleus of the brain .rubrospinal.
salping[o]- = fallopian tubes .salpingectomy.
sanguin- , sanguine- = blood .sanguineous.
sarco = -muscular, fleshlike .sarcoma.
schist[o]- = split, cleft .schistocelia ,schistocephalus.
schiz[o]- = split , double sided .schizocephalia ,schizogenesis.
scler[o]- = hardness = atherosclerosis
-sclerosis = hardening of the skin .multiple sclerosis.
scoli[o = -]twisted .scoliosis.
-scope = instrument .stethoscope.
-scopy = use of instrument for viewing .endoscopy.
-sect = cut .dissect.
semi- = half .semilunar.
sial[o]- = saliva, salivary gland .sialagogue.
sigmoid[o = -]sigmoid, sigmoid colon .sigmoidoscope, sigmoidectomy.
sinistr[o]- = left ,left side .sinistrocardia, sinistrophobia.
sinus- = sinus .sinusitis.
15
-sis = process, action .dialysis.
sito- = food, grain .sitomania ,sitotherapy.
somat[o]-, somatico- = body, bodily .somatoplasm.
spasmo = -spasm .spasmodermia, spasmophemia.
sperma-, spermo-, spermato- =semen .spermatozoa spermatogenesis.
splanchn[i]-, splanchn[o]- = viscera .splanchnocele, splanchnography.
splen[o]- = spleen .splenectomy.
spondyl[o]- = spine, vertebra .spondylitis.
squamos[o = -]scaly .squama.
-stasis = stop, stand .homeostasis.
sten[o]- = narrowness .stenobregmate, stenocephaly.
steth[o]- = upper chest, chest .stethomyitis ,stethospasm.
stheno-= strength, force, power .sthenometer ,sthenoplastic.
stom[a] = mouth .stomatognathic system.
stomat[o]- = mouth .stomatogastric.
-stomy = surgical opening .tracheostomy, colostomy.
sub = -under, below .subcutaneous.
super- = above, superior .superior vena cava.
super- = above, upper .superficial.
supra- = above, over .suprarenal, supraorbital vein.
sy[l]-, sym-, syn-, sys- =similarity ,likeness .synalgia, synesthesia,
syssarcosis.
syn- , sym- = together, joined ,with .synapse.
tachy- = fast, rapid .tachycardia.
tele- = far .telencephalon.
tens- = stretch .tensor tympani.
-tension, -tensive = pressure .hypertension.
tetra- = four .tetrad.
thec- = case, sheath .intrathecal, thecodont.
thel.e.-, thel[o]- = .theleplasty.
thely- = woman .thelygenic, thelyplasty.
therm[o]- = heat .thermogram.
16
thorac- = chest .thoracic cavity.
thorac[i]-, thorac[o]-, thoracico- = chest .thorax.
thromb[o]- = blood clot, clotting of blood .thrombus ,thrombocytopenia.
thrombo- = lump, clot .thrombocyte.
thymo- , thymi , -thym- = thymus gland, mind .thymolysis, thymopathy.
thyr[o]- = thyroid .thyroactive, thyroidectomy.
-tic = pertaining to .paralytic ,therapeutic.
toco- = childbirth .tocodynamometer, tocography.
-tome = cutting instrument, segment .dermatome, microtome.
-tomy = cut .appendectomy.
tono- = tone, tension, pressure .tonoclonic ,tonoscillograph.
-tony = tension .neurotony, vagotony.
top[o]- = place ,topical .topesthesia, topognosia.
tox[i]-, tox[o]-, toxico- = poison .toxemia.
trache[o]- = trachea .tracheomalacia ,tracheorrhaphy.
trachel[o]- = neck .tracheotomy.
tract = -draw, drag .traction.
trans- = across, over ,moving .transfuse.
tri- = three .trigone.
trich[i]-, trichia, trich[o = -]hair .trichology, trichotomy .
-tripsy = crushing .lithotripsy.
-trophy = nourishment, development .hypertrophy, pseudohypertrophy.
-tropic = turning to, changing .gonadotropic.
tympan[o]- = eardrum .tympanocentesis.
-ula- ,ule = small .nodule.
ultra- = beyond, excess .ultrasonic.
umbilic = -navel, umbilicus .umbilical.
ungui- = nail, a claw .unguiform ,ungula.
uni- = one .unicellular, unilateral.
ur[o]- = urine .urology ,uroscope.
uri[c]-, urico- = uric acid .uricosuria, uricotelic.
-uria = urine .polyuria.
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urin- = urine .uriniferous.
uter[o]- = uterus .uterus.
vagin- = vagina .vagina.
varic[o]- = swollen , twisted .vein varicose.
vas[o]-= duct,vessel .vasoconstriction.
vasculo- = blood vessel .vasculopathy.
ven- = vein .venospasm.
ventr[o]- = belly; stomach cavities .ventrodorsal.
vesic[o]- = bladder .vesica.
viscer- = organ .visceral.
viscer[o]- = internal organs .viscera.
vit- = life .vitamin.
xanth[o]- = yellow color .xanthopathy.
xen[o]- =foreign ,different .xenograft.
-y = condition or process of = surgery
zoo- = animal .zoology.
zygo- = union, join .zygote.
zym[o]- = fermentation, enzyme .lysozyme, serozyme.
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