Comparison of Temperature, Thermal Energy and Heat
Temperature
Thermal Energy
_________________________ is a measure of
the _______________ _______________
_______________ of the particles in a
substance.
_________________________ is the
______________ _____________ of the
particles in a substance
Expressed in degrees _______________,
degrees _____________, or _____________.
Expressed in _____________ (Energy! Joules!
Yay!)
Does ______ vary with the mass of a substance
______________ with the mass and the
temperature of a substance
o Example: The temperature of tea in a
Example: The tea in a teapot (a lot of liquid)
teapot (a lot of liquid) is the same as the has greater thermal energy than tea in a mug
temperature of tea in a mug (less
(less liquid).
liquid).
o Remember: the _______________ the
temperature, the ______________ the
atoms are moving in a substance.
o Cold weather vs. hot weather example:
when you are cold, you might huddle
together with friends at the bus stop.
Conversely, after running the pacer in
gym you feel warmer and want more
space.
Heat
_________________________ the
________________ of energy between objects
that are at different temperatures.
Amount of energy transferred is expressed in
______________ or ______________
_______________ with the mass and the
temperature change of a substance
o Occurs through conduction, convection, and
radiation.
o Heat is always transferred from
___________________ substances to
_____________ substances until
______________ ___________________ is
achieved.
o Example: The hot tea in a teapot transfers
its heat to the air in the room until it “cools”
to become room temperature (because
equilibrium has been reached)
Comparison of Heat Transfer Methods
Conduction
_________________________ the transfer of
thermal energy from one substance to another
through ________________
_________________.
o Example: a metal spoon in hot soup.
o Way to remember it: a conductor directs a
band; wires can only conduct electricity if
there is contact between all parts of the
circuit.
Fahrenheit (ºF)
Uses/History
Water boils
Average body
temperature
Room temperature
Water freezes
Absolute zero (the
temperature at which
all molecular motion
stops)
Most commonly used
temperature scale in the
USA. Based on relatively
arbitrary temperatures
measured in the 1700s.
Convection
_________________________ the transfer of
thermal energy by the _______________ of a
___________ or __________.
o Example: rising and sinking of water during
boiling
o Uneven heating of the Earth’s surface are
responsible for winds, weather patterns,
and ocean currents
o Way to remember it: the “v” in convection
looks like an arrow. Arrows indicate
movement.
Celsius (ºC) (used to be
called centigrade)
Temperature scale used
by the rest of the world.
Temperature scale used
by scientists. Based on
behaviors of water.
Radiation
_________________________ the transfer of
thermal energy through ______________ or
_____________ as electromagnetic (EM)
____________.
o Example: the sun
o Way to remember it: ray-diation (EM waves
move in rays)
Kelvin (K) (no degree
symbol!)
Temperature scale used
by scientists. Based on
absolute zero.
212
100
373.15
98.6
37
310.15
77
32
25
0
298.15
273.15
-459.58
-273.15
0